CA1096298A - Fluid resonator - Google Patents
Fluid resonatorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1096298A CA1096298A CA347,449A CA347449A CA1096298A CA 1096298 A CA1096298 A CA 1096298A CA 347449 A CA347449 A CA 347449A CA 1096298 A CA1096298 A CA 1096298A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fluid flow
- accordance
- tubular member
- double wall
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K5/00—Whistles
- G10K5/02—Ultrasonic whistles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
- B01F31/80—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
- B01F31/81—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations by vibrations generated inside a mixing device not coming from an external drive, e.g. by the flow of material causing a knife to vibrate or by vibrating nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B28/00—Vibration generating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for stimulating production
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/003—Vibrating earth formations
Abstract
FLUID RESONATOR
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A fluid resonator is disclosed in which a fluid flow through and around a tubular or cylindrical member positioned parallel to the direction of the fluid flow causes vibration or vibratory waves in the fluid flow. The fluid resonator may may take on a number of different forms. Preferably, a plurality of cylindrical members may be concentrically positioned in the fluid flow stream. Variations may also be provided in the structure of the tubular element to produce desired effects in specific cases. The fluid resonator may be used for many purposes, including recovery of oil, drilling, emulsification apparatus and the secondary recovery of oil or hydrocarbon from oil or hydrocarbon formations.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A fluid resonator is disclosed in which a fluid flow through and around a tubular or cylindrical member positioned parallel to the direction of the fluid flow causes vibration or vibratory waves in the fluid flow. The fluid resonator may may take on a number of different forms. Preferably, a plurality of cylindrical members may be concentrically positioned in the fluid flow stream. Variations may also be provided in the structure of the tubular element to produce desired effects in specific cases. The fluid resonator may be used for many purposes, including recovery of oil, drilling, emulsification apparatus and the secondary recovery of oil or hydrocarbon from oil or hydrocarbon formations.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a flu~d resonator.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a fluid resonator using one or more tubular elements mounted parallel to the direction of the fluid flow stream.
The present invention is intended to be used with all types of fluids, including all types of gases, including aix, and all other types of ~luids, including water and mixtures 3f water and steam.
One of the more important uses of the present invention is in the secondary recovery of oil or hydrocarbon from oil or hydrocarbon formations. When an oil well is originally drilled, a certain amount of oil will usually flow out of the bore hole under its own pressure. When the oil stops flowing out of the oil well under its own pressure, usually 40-60% of the original ., ' ' `~
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oil remains in place. At this point, it is necessary to use some type of a secondary recovery process to get the oil out of the ground. ~
The present invention is particularly useful in the secondary recovery of oil or hydrocarbon and the primary recovery of oil ox hydrocarbon where the oil or hydrocarbon does not flow out of the bore hole naturally. For example, heavy oil in cer-tain areas requires recovery techni~ues to get the crude oil to the surface. The present invention may be mounted in an oil well bore hole. A fluid medium of steam, hot water, water, or a combination of steam and hot water may be forced under pressure down through the bore hole. The fluid medium may preferably be heated, such as hot water or steam, but any suitable fluid medium such as cold water may be used. Heating of the fluid medium tends to reduce the ~iscosity of the oil. The present invention provides a vibration effect in the fluid medium. This vibration effect or vibratory mo-tion in the fluid medium tends to cause the oil within the formations, such as sandstone, to be freed and emulsified in the fluid medium. I`he emulsification i~
then caused, by the continual forcing of the fluid medium, such as hot water and steam, into the bore hole, to flow up through other bore holes. Vibratory motions of high intensity may be set up in the fluid medium, that is, the hot water and steam, by using concentric tubular and preferably cylindrical elements and b~ cascading thè tubu]ar or cylindrical element groups.
This structure will result in an e~ficient secondary recovery of oil.
In addition, the present invention has numerous other uses. The present invention may be used to provide a fluid with ultrasonic vibrations for use in drilling, such as in the drilling of oil wells-. The present invention may also ~ ~ 6 ~3 ~
be used in fluid separation ~rocesses such as separating oil and water and in the cleaning of used oil. Furthermore, the present invention may be used in any industrial process where it is necessary or desirable to create emulsions. For example, it is necessary to create emulsions in the manufac-ture of salad dressing. The present invention may also be used to create dispersions. The present invention may find uses in many wide and varied fields including use in fo~
dispersion and use in causing condensation in clouds resulting in rain. These, of course, would use the fluid medium o air. The ~resent invent~on may also be used in the cons~ruction industry to enable the more efficient flowing of concrete into forms. The present invention may be used in any area where it is desirable to create vibratory waves in a fluid.
SUMMA~Y OF THE INVENTIO~`~
A~ advantage of -the present inventi.on is that the fluid rèsonator is adapted to be mounted completely within the flow stream.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides a maximum power output for a given set of dimensional restrictions.
Another advanta~e o, t:he present invention is ~hat it is com~rised o relatively simple structural elements, and is substantially maintenance-free.
Another advantage of the present invention is that a number of basic elements may be arranged concentrically and in series or cascade to provide the desired power and frequency ranges required in the particular application of the fluid resonator.
.
Briefly and basically, the present invention comprises an apparatus for producing vibratory motior, in a fluid flow using at least one tubular member mounted parallel to the direction of fluid flow.
` Another embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of concentrically arranged tubular membPrs, which are preferably cylindrical members, to form a composite resonator element. Resonator elements may be cascaded in series along the fluid flow path. Also, variations may be made in the structure of the resonator members, such as by varying the leading edge and the addition of sections of increasing or decreasing diameter~
In one aspect o the invention there is provided apparatus for producing resonant vibrations in a fluid flow comprising at least one tubular member adapted to be mounted in the fluid flow with its longitudinal axis parallel to the direction of fluid flow wherein said tubular member is provided with a~ least a partial double wall and the area between the walls of said double wall being at least partially closed near its downstream end.
In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method for producing resonant vibrations in a fluid flow, comprising forcing a fluid flow through and around a plurality of tubular members mounted in the fluid flow path with the longitudinal a~is of the tubular members being substantially parallel to the direction of fluid flow thereby inducing resonant vibratory motion into the fluid flow.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TIIE: nR~WINGS
, _ For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there are shown in the dra~ings Eorms which are presently preferred;
it being understood, however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities -4 ~
3~
shown.
Figure 1 is a side elevation view, partially in cross-section, o~ one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a side elevation view, partially in cross-section, of another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional elevation view of another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 is an elevation view, partially in cross-section of another embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 5 is an elevation view in cross-section of another embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 6 is a view in perspective of the leading edge of an embodiment of a cylindrical member in accordance with -4a-~he present invention.
Figure 7 is a view in perspec~ive of another embodiment of a leading edge in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 8 is a view in perspective of an embodiment of a cylindrical member provided ~ith a section of increasing diameter in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 9 is a view in perspective of another embodimen~
of a cylindrical member provided with a section of decreasing diameter in accordance wlth the present invention.
Figure 10 is a view in perspective of another embodiment of a cylindrical memDer provided with a section of decreasing diameter in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE P~EFERRED E~IBODI~JNTS
Referring now to the drawings in detail, wherein like numerals indicate like elements, there is shown in Fi~ure l, a nozzle 10 mounted within a pipe or casing 12. The casing 12 is adapted to carry a fluid flow stream in the direction of arro~ 14. The pipe or casing 12 may be a pipe carrying fluid flow in an industrial emulsifica~ion process or it may be a casing or other conduit mounted in an oil well bore hole. A cylindrical or tubular member 16 is mounted with its longitudinal axis parallel to the direction of the fluid flow within casing 12 by means of rib members 18. The cylindrical member 16 is preferably provided with a Icnife ed~e 20. Member 16 and the other resonating members referred to throu~hout may-be interchangeably reEerred to as cyllndrical or tubular. The members may be preferably circular in cross section, but it is understood that resonator members of various other cross-sectional shapes may be used, for example, elliptical, irreg-ular, rectangular and square. b 3i~
-The fluid flow from noz~le 10 is provided with a vibratory or oscillatory motion after passing through and around cylindrical member 16. Although the theory of op-eration of the present invention has\not been proven, i~ is believed that the Eluid flow emanating from the lower edge of nozzle lQ is set into vibratory oscillation at the leading edge of knife edge 20 causin~ the flui.d flow to oscillate back and for~h across leading edge 20 as shown by arrows 22 and 24. In other words, the fluid flow stream from nozzle 10 may initially be drawn to flow outside of cylindrical member 16 as shot~l by arrow 22. This may cause pressure differ-entials causing the flow strèam to be drawn back across knife edge or leading edge 20 to flow in the direction of arrow 24. The switching or oscillating across the leading ed~e 20 may occur at ultrasonic frequencies. This is`
believed to result in the sonic or ultrasonic vibratory motion which is imparted to the fluid flow.
Referring now to Figure 2, there is shown another embodiment of the present invention utilizing nozzle 26 mounted within casing 28. Fluid flor~7 is in the direction o arrow 3~. Mounted do~nstream of nozzle 26 and within casing 2~ are a plurality of concentrically positioned cylindrical o~ tubular members 32, 34, 36 and 38. The cylindrical members 32, 34, 36 and 38 are secured by means of rib members 4~. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that more or less than four concentrically arrallged cylindrical members may be used. Furthermore, the selection of the diameters of c~Jlindrical members 32 will vary de-pending upon the specific application.
.... . . . .. .. .
Referrin~ now to ~igure 3, there is sho~m another embodiment of the present invention wherein a second set of concentrically mounted members 4`2, ~, 46 and 48 are mounted in cascade do~nstream from the first set of cylindrical me~bers 32, 34, 36 and 38 by a selected distance in the direction of fluid flow enabling interaction between the leading edge of members 44, 46, 48 and 50 and the fluid flow. Cylindrical or tubular members 42, 44, 46 and 48 are structurally positioned in place by means of rib mem-bers 50 and also mounted to casing 52 by means of rib members 50. Any number of additional groups ~f concentrically arranged tubular members may be added in series in the fluid 10~ path dependin" on the desired output.
Referring now to Figure 4, there is shown another embodimen~ of the present invention wherein cylindrical members 5~, 56, 58 and 60 are mounted within casing 6~ so that their longitudinal axis is parallel to the direction of fluid flow in the direction of arrow 64. The shortest a,nd outermost cyllndrical me~ber 6~ is mounted to casing 62 by means.of ribs 6G.
Referring now to Figure 5, there is shown another embodiment of the present invention wherein a cylindrical or tubular member 68 is mounted within casing 70 by means of ribs 72 with its longitudinal axis parallel to the direction of the flow stream as indicated by arrow 74. Cylindrica'l member 68 is provided with double walls 76 and 78. Double walls 76 and 78 are closed together at 80 near the downstream end of the cylindrical member 68. The closed double wall provides significant additional vibration by creatin~ shock waves when the fluid flow hits the closed portion 80 connec~ing tlle double walls 76 and 78. rrhe double wall embodiment also increases the intensity of the vibration by sympathetic .. . , . ... __ . _ __ ,_ __ _ ._ ~ ... . .
The present invention relates to a flu~d resonator.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a fluid resonator using one or more tubular elements mounted parallel to the direction of the fluid flow stream.
The present invention is intended to be used with all types of fluids, including all types of gases, including aix, and all other types of ~luids, including water and mixtures 3f water and steam.
One of the more important uses of the present invention is in the secondary recovery of oil or hydrocarbon from oil or hydrocarbon formations. When an oil well is originally drilled, a certain amount of oil will usually flow out of the bore hole under its own pressure. When the oil stops flowing out of the oil well under its own pressure, usually 40-60% of the original ., ' ' `~
~ t`
~ ` ' ' ' '' .' '''-'''"."``.'~ ;
: ' ' ", ~ ' ' ~ ~ ` `
, . ' . ` .
zc~
oil remains in place. At this point, it is necessary to use some type of a secondary recovery process to get the oil out of the ground. ~
The present invention is particularly useful in the secondary recovery of oil or hydrocarbon and the primary recovery of oil ox hydrocarbon where the oil or hydrocarbon does not flow out of the bore hole naturally. For example, heavy oil in cer-tain areas requires recovery techni~ues to get the crude oil to the surface. The present invention may be mounted in an oil well bore hole. A fluid medium of steam, hot water, water, or a combination of steam and hot water may be forced under pressure down through the bore hole. The fluid medium may preferably be heated, such as hot water or steam, but any suitable fluid medium such as cold water may be used. Heating of the fluid medium tends to reduce the ~iscosity of the oil. The present invention provides a vibration effect in the fluid medium. This vibration effect or vibratory mo-tion in the fluid medium tends to cause the oil within the formations, such as sandstone, to be freed and emulsified in the fluid medium. I`he emulsification i~
then caused, by the continual forcing of the fluid medium, such as hot water and steam, into the bore hole, to flow up through other bore holes. Vibratory motions of high intensity may be set up in the fluid medium, that is, the hot water and steam, by using concentric tubular and preferably cylindrical elements and b~ cascading thè tubu]ar or cylindrical element groups.
This structure will result in an e~ficient secondary recovery of oil.
In addition, the present invention has numerous other uses. The present invention may be used to provide a fluid with ultrasonic vibrations for use in drilling, such as in the drilling of oil wells-. The present invention may also ~ ~ 6 ~3 ~
be used in fluid separation ~rocesses such as separating oil and water and in the cleaning of used oil. Furthermore, the present invention may be used in any industrial process where it is necessary or desirable to create emulsions. For example, it is necessary to create emulsions in the manufac-ture of salad dressing. The present invention may also be used to create dispersions. The present invention may find uses in many wide and varied fields including use in fo~
dispersion and use in causing condensation in clouds resulting in rain. These, of course, would use the fluid medium o air. The ~resent invent~on may also be used in the cons~ruction industry to enable the more efficient flowing of concrete into forms. The present invention may be used in any area where it is desirable to create vibratory waves in a fluid.
SUMMA~Y OF THE INVENTIO~`~
A~ advantage of -the present inventi.on is that the fluid rèsonator is adapted to be mounted completely within the flow stream.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides a maximum power output for a given set of dimensional restrictions.
Another advanta~e o, t:he present invention is ~hat it is com~rised o relatively simple structural elements, and is substantially maintenance-free.
Another advantage of the present invention is that a number of basic elements may be arranged concentrically and in series or cascade to provide the desired power and frequency ranges required in the particular application of the fluid resonator.
.
Briefly and basically, the present invention comprises an apparatus for producing vibratory motior, in a fluid flow using at least one tubular member mounted parallel to the direction of fluid flow.
` Another embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of concentrically arranged tubular membPrs, which are preferably cylindrical members, to form a composite resonator element. Resonator elements may be cascaded in series along the fluid flow path. Also, variations may be made in the structure of the resonator members, such as by varying the leading edge and the addition of sections of increasing or decreasing diameter~
In one aspect o the invention there is provided apparatus for producing resonant vibrations in a fluid flow comprising at least one tubular member adapted to be mounted in the fluid flow with its longitudinal axis parallel to the direction of fluid flow wherein said tubular member is provided with a~ least a partial double wall and the area between the walls of said double wall being at least partially closed near its downstream end.
In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method for producing resonant vibrations in a fluid flow, comprising forcing a fluid flow through and around a plurality of tubular members mounted in the fluid flow path with the longitudinal a~is of the tubular members being substantially parallel to the direction of fluid flow thereby inducing resonant vibratory motion into the fluid flow.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TIIE: nR~WINGS
, _ For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there are shown in the dra~ings Eorms which are presently preferred;
it being understood, however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities -4 ~
3~
shown.
Figure 1 is a side elevation view, partially in cross-section, o~ one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a side elevation view, partially in cross-section, of another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional elevation view of another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 is an elevation view, partially in cross-section of another embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 5 is an elevation view in cross-section of another embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 6 is a view in perspective of the leading edge of an embodiment of a cylindrical member in accordance with -4a-~he present invention.
Figure 7 is a view in perspec~ive of another embodiment of a leading edge in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 8 is a view in perspective of an embodiment of a cylindrical member provided ~ith a section of increasing diameter in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 9 is a view in perspective of another embodimen~
of a cylindrical member provided with a section of decreasing diameter in accordance wlth the present invention.
Figure 10 is a view in perspective of another embodiment of a cylindrical memDer provided with a section of decreasing diameter in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE P~EFERRED E~IBODI~JNTS
Referring now to the drawings in detail, wherein like numerals indicate like elements, there is shown in Fi~ure l, a nozzle 10 mounted within a pipe or casing 12. The casing 12 is adapted to carry a fluid flow stream in the direction of arro~ 14. The pipe or casing 12 may be a pipe carrying fluid flow in an industrial emulsifica~ion process or it may be a casing or other conduit mounted in an oil well bore hole. A cylindrical or tubular member 16 is mounted with its longitudinal axis parallel to the direction of the fluid flow within casing 12 by means of rib members 18. The cylindrical member 16 is preferably provided with a Icnife ed~e 20. Member 16 and the other resonating members referred to throu~hout may-be interchangeably reEerred to as cyllndrical or tubular. The members may be preferably circular in cross section, but it is understood that resonator members of various other cross-sectional shapes may be used, for example, elliptical, irreg-ular, rectangular and square. b 3i~
-The fluid flow from noz~le 10 is provided with a vibratory or oscillatory motion after passing through and around cylindrical member 16. Although the theory of op-eration of the present invention has\not been proven, i~ is believed that the Eluid flow emanating from the lower edge of nozzle lQ is set into vibratory oscillation at the leading edge of knife edge 20 causin~ the flui.d flow to oscillate back and for~h across leading edge 20 as shown by arrows 22 and 24. In other words, the fluid flow stream from nozzle 10 may initially be drawn to flow outside of cylindrical member 16 as shot~l by arrow 22. This may cause pressure differ-entials causing the flow strèam to be drawn back across knife edge or leading edge 20 to flow in the direction of arrow 24. The switching or oscillating across the leading ed~e 20 may occur at ultrasonic frequencies. This is`
believed to result in the sonic or ultrasonic vibratory motion which is imparted to the fluid flow.
Referring now to Figure 2, there is shown another embodiment of the present invention utilizing nozzle 26 mounted within casing 28. Fluid flor~7 is in the direction o arrow 3~. Mounted do~nstream of nozzle 26 and within casing 2~ are a plurality of concentrically positioned cylindrical o~ tubular members 32, 34, 36 and 38. The cylindrical members 32, 34, 36 and 38 are secured by means of rib members 4~. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that more or less than four concentrically arrallged cylindrical members may be used. Furthermore, the selection of the diameters of c~Jlindrical members 32 will vary de-pending upon the specific application.
.... . . . .. .. .
Referrin~ now to ~igure 3, there is sho~m another embodiment of the present invention wherein a second set of concentrically mounted members 4`2, ~, 46 and 48 are mounted in cascade do~nstream from the first set of cylindrical me~bers 32, 34, 36 and 38 by a selected distance in the direction of fluid flow enabling interaction between the leading edge of members 44, 46, 48 and 50 and the fluid flow. Cylindrical or tubular members 42, 44, 46 and 48 are structurally positioned in place by means of rib mem-bers 50 and also mounted to casing 52 by means of rib members 50. Any number of additional groups ~f concentrically arranged tubular members may be added in series in the fluid 10~ path dependin" on the desired output.
Referring now to Figure 4, there is shown another embodimen~ of the present invention wherein cylindrical members 5~, 56, 58 and 60 are mounted within casing 6~ so that their longitudinal axis is parallel to the direction of fluid flow in the direction of arrow 64. The shortest a,nd outermost cyllndrical me~ber 6~ is mounted to casing 62 by means.of ribs 6G.
Referring now to Figure 5, there is shown another embodiment of the present invention wherein a cylindrical or tubular member 68 is mounted within casing 70 by means of ribs 72 with its longitudinal axis parallel to the direction of the flow stream as indicated by arrow 74. Cylindrica'l member 68 is provided with double walls 76 and 78. Double walls 76 and 78 are closed together at 80 near the downstream end of the cylindrical member 68. The closed double wall provides significant additional vibration by creatin~ shock waves when the fluid flow hits the closed portion 80 connec~ing tlle double walls 76 and 78. rrhe double wall embodiment also increases the intensity of the vibration by sympathetic .. . , . ... __ . _ __ ,_ __ _ ._ ~ ... . .
2~ .
vibration of the double walls or elements 76 and 78 similar to the effect created by a tuning fork.
Figures 6 and 7 illustrate modifications to the embodiments of the present invention wherein the leading edges of cylindrical members are provided with variations in the direction of the fluid flo~. Figure 7 illustrates a cylindrical member ~2 provided wi~h a sinusoidal varia-tion 84 in the direction of fluid flow as shown by arrow 86. In other words, the leading edge 84 varies sinus-oi~àlly, the amplitude of the sinusoid being in the direction of arrow 86 for abscissa points travelling around tlle circumference of cylindrical member ~2.
Figure 7 illustrates a block tooth shaped leading edge 88 on cylindrical member 90. It may be more clearly seen from Figure 7 that the variations in the leading edge will have an additional vibratory effect on the fluid flow.
For example, fluid flow in the direction of arro~ 92 will first come in contact with the peak 94 of a tooth and, at a slightly later time, come in contact with the lower portion 96 between the teeth. This will cause pressures on the teeth causing deformations and deflections of the teetll. Thisl in turn, causes additional vibration in the fluid flow.
Referring now to Figure 8, there is shown a cylindrical member 9S provided witl a section of increasing diameter 100.
The increasing section of the diameter 100 is illustrated as a conical section. However, it is understood that this may be of any other suitable shape, such as an exponentially increasin~ diameter.
Figure 9 ilIustrates an embodiment wherein a cylindrical member 102 is provided with a section of decreasing diameter ~ . ~ _ 104.
- Fi~ure 10 illustrates an embodiment of a cylind-rical element 106 provided with an exponentially decreasing section 108.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the structure of th~
present invention within the spirit of the teachings of the present invention. As discussed previously, various non-clrcular cross-section members may be used. Furthermore, it is not necessary that the elements be separate and distinct as indicated. For example, the central element may be com-prised of a pipe with slits cut through major portions of the sides allowing narrow portions of material to remain for support. Likewise, a similar construction may be used for each of the remaini~g cylindrical elements. Many other variations are also possible within the scope of the present teachings. For example, a sa~J tooth shape may be provided on the leading edge of the cylindrical members.
Various o~her types of support structures and various different nozzle structures may be used within the spiri.t and scope of the present invention.
In vîew of the above, the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, ra~her than to thè foregoing specification as indicatin~ the scope of the invention.
_g_ ... . . ..... . . .
vibration of the double walls or elements 76 and 78 similar to the effect created by a tuning fork.
Figures 6 and 7 illustrate modifications to the embodiments of the present invention wherein the leading edges of cylindrical members are provided with variations in the direction of the fluid flo~. Figure 7 illustrates a cylindrical member ~2 provided wi~h a sinusoidal varia-tion 84 in the direction of fluid flow as shown by arrow 86. In other words, the leading edge 84 varies sinus-oi~àlly, the amplitude of the sinusoid being in the direction of arrow 86 for abscissa points travelling around tlle circumference of cylindrical member ~2.
Figure 7 illustrates a block tooth shaped leading edge 88 on cylindrical member 90. It may be more clearly seen from Figure 7 that the variations in the leading edge will have an additional vibratory effect on the fluid flow.
For example, fluid flow in the direction of arro~ 92 will first come in contact with the peak 94 of a tooth and, at a slightly later time, come in contact with the lower portion 96 between the teeth. This will cause pressures on the teeth causing deformations and deflections of the teetll. Thisl in turn, causes additional vibration in the fluid flow.
Referring now to Figure 8, there is shown a cylindrical member 9S provided witl a section of increasing diameter 100.
The increasing section of the diameter 100 is illustrated as a conical section. However, it is understood that this may be of any other suitable shape, such as an exponentially increasin~ diameter.
Figure 9 ilIustrates an embodiment wherein a cylindrical member 102 is provided with a section of decreasing diameter ~ . ~ _ 104.
- Fi~ure 10 illustrates an embodiment of a cylind-rical element 106 provided with an exponentially decreasing section 108.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the structure of th~
present invention within the spirit of the teachings of the present invention. As discussed previously, various non-clrcular cross-section members may be used. Furthermore, it is not necessary that the elements be separate and distinct as indicated. For example, the central element may be com-prised of a pipe with slits cut through major portions of the sides allowing narrow portions of material to remain for support. Likewise, a similar construction may be used for each of the remaini~g cylindrical elements. Many other variations are also possible within the scope of the present teachings. For example, a sa~J tooth shape may be provided on the leading edge of the cylindrical members.
Various o~her types of support structures and various different nozzle structures may be used within the spiri.t and scope of the present invention.
In vîew of the above, the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, ra~her than to thè foregoing specification as indicatin~ the scope of the invention.
_g_ ... . . ..... . . .
Claims (11)
1. Apparatus for producing resonant vibrations in a fluid flow, comprising:
at least one tubular member adapted to be mounted in the fluid flow with its longitudinal axis parallel to the direction of fluid flow wherein said tubular member is provided with at least a partial double wall and the area between the walls of said double wall being at least partially closed near its downstream end.
at least one tubular member adapted to be mounted in the fluid flow with its longitudinal axis parallel to the direction of fluid flow wherein said tubular member is provided with at least a partial double wall and the area between the walls of said double wall being at least partially closed near its downstream end.
2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said tubular member is provided with a complete double wall and the area between the walls of said double wall is closed near its downstream end.
3. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said tubular members are circular in cross-section.
4. Apparatus in accordance with claim l wherein said tubular member is provided with a knife edge on its leading edge.
5. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 including at least one additional tubular member provided with at least a partial double wall and the area between said double wall being at least partially closed near its downstream end, said additional tubular member being mounted concentric with said first tubular member.
6. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 including at least one additional tubular member provided with at least a partial double wall and the area between the walls of said double wall being at least partially closed near its downstream end, said additional tubular member being mounted in series in the fluid flow path with its longitudinal axis substantially parallel to the direction of fluid flow.
7. A method for producing resonant vibrations in a fluid flow, comprising: .
forcing a fluid flow through and around a plurality of tubular members mounted in the fluid flow path with the longitudinal axis of the tubular members being substantially parallel to the direction of fluid flow thereby inducing resonant vibratory motion into the fluid flow.
forcing a fluid flow through and around a plurality of tubular members mounted in the fluid flow path with the longitudinal axis of the tubular members being substantially parallel to the direction of fluid flow thereby inducing resonant vibratory motion into the fluid flow.
8. A method in accordance with claim 7 including the step of forcing a fluid flow through and around said plurality of tubular members wherein said plurality of tubular members are concentrically mounted in the fluid flow path.
9. A method in accordance with claim 7 including the step of forcing a fluid flow through said plurality of tubular members wherein said tubular members are mounted in series in the fluid flow path.
10. A method in accordance with claim 7, 8 or 9 wherein said plurality of tubular members are mounted within an oil well bore hole casing or equivalent structure in an oil well bore hole utilized in the recovery of hydrocarbons.
11-2
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US541,549 | 1975-01-16 | ||
| US05/541,549 US4266879A (en) | 1975-01-16 | 1975-01-16 | Fluid resonator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1096298A true CA1096298A (en) | 1981-02-24 |
Family
ID=24160054
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA243,090A Expired CA1079184A (en) | 1975-01-16 | 1976-01-07 | Fluid resonator |
| CA347,449A Expired CA1096298A (en) | 1975-01-16 | 1980-03-11 | Fluid resonator |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA243,090A Expired CA1079184A (en) | 1975-01-16 | 1976-01-07 | Fluid resonator |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4266879A (en) |
| CA (2) | CA1079184A (en) |
Cited By (2)
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| WO2016167666A1 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2016-10-20 | Resonator As | Improved oil recovery by pressure pulses |
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| CA535259A (en) * | 1957-01-01 | J. Fontein Freerk | Process and apparatus for thickening suspensions and emulsions | |
| FR1171059A (en) * | 1957-04-10 | 1959-01-22 | Soc Fr Regulateurs Arca | Apparatus for mixing fluids by injecting one of the fluids into a pipe through which another fluid passes |
| US3232267A (en) * | 1963-02-25 | 1966-02-01 | Sonic Dev Corp | Sonic pressure wave generator |
| US3520362A (en) * | 1967-08-04 | 1970-07-14 | Hughes Tool Co | Well stimulation method |
| US3582365A (en) * | 1970-04-27 | 1971-06-01 | Food Enterprises Inc | Method and apparatus for treating milk and other liquid products |
-
1975
- 1975-01-16 US US05/541,549 patent/US4266879A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1976
- 1976-01-07 CA CA243,090A patent/CA1079184A/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-03-11 CA CA347,449A patent/CA1096298A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5836389A (en) * | 1996-12-09 | 1998-11-17 | Wave Energy Resources | Apparatus and method for increasing production rates of immovable and unswept oil through the use of weak elastic waves |
| WO2016167666A1 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2016-10-20 | Resonator As | Improved oil recovery by pressure pulses |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4266879A (en) | 1981-05-12 |
| CA1079184A (en) | 1980-06-10 |
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