CA1191441A - Arrangement in spring suspension systems, particularly for vehicles - Google Patents
Arrangement in spring suspension systems, particularly for vehiclesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1191441A CA1191441A CA000397944A CA397944A CA1191441A CA 1191441 A CA1191441 A CA 1191441A CA 000397944 A CA000397944 A CA 000397944A CA 397944 A CA397944 A CA 397944A CA 1191441 A CA1191441 A CA 1191441A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- spring
- spring member
- bodies
- screen according
- supplemental
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/50—Seat suspension devices
- B60N2/502—Seat suspension devices attached to the base of the seat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B60G99/004—Other suspension arrangements with rubber springs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/50—Seat suspension devices
- B60N2/505—Adjustable suspension including height adjustment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/50—Seat suspension devices
- B60N2/52—Seat suspension devices using fluid means
- B60N2/525—Seat suspension devices using fluid means using gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/11—Overhead guards, e.g. against loads falling down
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D33/00—Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles
- B62D33/06—Drivers' cabs
- B62D33/0604—Cabs insulated against vibrations or noise, e.g. with elastic suspension
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
- F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
- F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
- F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
- F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
- F16F13/08—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
- F16F13/14—Units of the bushing type, i.e. loaded predominantly radially
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
- F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
- F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
- F16F13/20—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper characterised by comprising also a pneumatic spring
Abstract
An arrangement in spring suspension systems particularly for vehicles, for allowing movements with a plurality of or all degrees of freedom between two bodies and with a frequency range of from as low as 1 Hz and up to 5000 Hz, said arrangement comprising at least one spring member mounted between said bodies and formed with a rigid cylindrical outer surface axially of which the spring member is resiliently deformable. The spring member being connected laterally thereof between its ends with one of the bodies by the intermediary of a supplemental elastomeric spring means, the supplemental spring means surrounding the cylindrical outer surface of the spring member so as to allow resilient universal tilting movements of the spring member from a centre position, while the spring member is connected with the other of the bodies by an articulation at one end of the spring member.
Description
Trlc pl-eserlt invent:iorl re['crls to an arrançl;errl~nt ~in spr~ ; suspension s,ysl,cms, pant,:icular:Ly f'or vL,~hic~Les, ~for al:Lowirlg Inovc~lrlents w;t;h a p:lur~al.ity ol` or a-l :l deg;rees of` f`reedorrl betweerl two bo(lies ancl wit~, a fh equency range of' f'rom as ]ow as about 1 I[z and up to 5000 Hz ancl more, sa;,(l arrangerllerlt corrlprising at least one spri.ng, mernber forrrled ~J;th r:i,gi(l cyl-inclr:ica] outer surf`ace and operati,ve axially ancl rnourlted between sa:i~l pair o:f boclies.
l~rom the Swed:ish E'atent 7'71060-S-7, it is previously known a spring s,ystem or suspens;or! pri,marily adapted for a dri,ver !S cornpartment in heav,y cont;racto-r ve}lic]eC; and similar ones with unsprung whee~, suspensiorls, sa:id dr:iver's cornpartment be:ing subject to vibrations.
I~`or enc-lbling accomln(l(1ation of` all vibration [`requencies down to as ].ow as about 1 Hz, it has been suggested a particular arrangement of spring means, equa:Lly distribllted around the periphery of said driver's compartment such that their axes Or action f'orrn an aeute angle to the vertical. In the pract;cal embodiment o:f said :invention it has been prirnarily utilized helieally coiled pressure sp:rings as springr means but in practice it has turned out that in some app:L:ications certairl diff'iculties sti.].l are encountered. Thus, the spr:irlg beeornes -too long and t~ans~7ers~1y non-stable, ~ ould the same be capable of acti.ng, in the rang~e below 2 Hz, i.e~ closely adjacent tlle lower ]irnit of l Hz. For calculating the spring an extensive calcul.ation work also is :required in this case, and f'urtherrnore as :far as hel:ical:Ly coiled pressure springs are concerned, the selection of' the spring wire dimensions and coiling parameters become extremely critical.
, ~uring the rurther deve~.oping work acco:rding to the basic concept, of the abbve-stated paterlt it nas been f'ound that anotller kind of spring means actually is still more suited for application within the very lowest limit of the vibration range, thus about 1 Hz, namely hydropneumatic springs of the basic type which has been used in i.a. some modern passenger cars. An essential drawhack of said spring means is, however, their incapability of accommodating higher frequencies wi-thout the necessity of increasing the gas pressure to extremely high values. ThereEore, the present invention is based on con-siderations of how to effectively combine such a hydro pneumatic spring with some other kind of spring means which can accornmodate the higher frequences and thus constitute a required complement and allow movement:s between two bodies while maintaining a plurality or all degrees of freedom of the movements therebetween. It has now turned out that this is possible to achieve in a surprisingly simple and satisfy-ing manner which thus constitutes the very heart of the present: invention.
The features essentially distinguishing the pre-sent invention are that the spring member is connected with one of said bodies under the intermediation of a supplemental elastomeric spring means at said one body, said supplemental spring means surrounding the cylindrical outer surface of the spring member so as to allow restricted universal movements of said spring member from a center position against a pre-determined and not unessential oppositional force, while thespring member is connected with the other of said bodies by a pivot.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an arrangement in spring suspension systems particularly for vehicles, for allowing movements with a plurality of or all degrees of freedom between two bodies and with a frequency range of from as low as 1 Hz and up to 5000 Hz, said arrangement comprising at least one spring mernber mounted between said bodies and formed with a rigid _ ~
cylindrical outer surface axially of which the spring member is resillently deformable,the spring member being connected laterally -thereof between its ends with one of said bodies by the intermediary of a supplemental elasto-meric spring means, said supplemental spring means surround~ing the cylindrical outer surface of the spring member so as to allow resil.ient univexsal -tilting rnovements of said spring member from a centre position, while the spring member is connected with the other of said bodies by an articulation at one end of the spriny member.
Preferably, the spring member comprises a hydro-pneumatic spring with a cylindrical. body, the supplemental spring means surrounding the cylindrical body and having a bushi.ng-like shape and metal sleeves at-tached to the outer and inner peripheral surface, and said supplemental spring means is supported in a corresponding attachment in a bracket rigidly secured to one of said bodies.
For providiny an axially adjustable securing of the position of the supplemental. spring means, one or more spacing means may be mounted between one or both sides o~
the bracket and a radial end abutment on the cylindrical body, said spacing means being made divided in a central longitudinal plane.
The hydropneumatic spring is preferably provided with a shock-absorbing action.
The supplemental spring means according to the invention constitutes a very advantageous complement to the spring member while not only providing for movements of all degrees of freedom but also forming an stroke end damper for movements axially fo the spriny member. In its entirety, the spring suspension system is compact, simple =
,~
- 2a -ancl rel.:iabl(?~ wh:i.(t-~ -is ~ssentia] in most appl::i.cat:i.c)rl~.
By way o:r ex~lrll~) l e, the :invent:ion wil:l be l:'ur~ er d:isc:losed below ~`I:ith rererenCe to the a(~COmpany:irlg clraw:in~;s, :in WtliCh l'lig. 1 iS
a s:i.de e:levalional v;ew ancl ~`ig. 2 an en(l vi.ew of tne arrangement accorcli.llp to t~e -i.nverlt::i.orl as applied to a res:iliently supported dr:i.ver's comparllllent of' a contractor vehicle, E!'ig 3. is an enla:rged part:ia~l view, pa:r~ly sectionecl, of one on the spring rnembers of the ernt~ocliment according to E~igs. 1 and 2, and li`ig. 4 :i.s a side elevat:ional view ancl F'ig. 5 an end view of the arrangernent accorcl:ing to the ;r-lvent:iorl as appl.;.ed to the resilient suspensi.on Or a seat.
In Fligs. 1 and ? of' the drawings the arrangerrlent according to the invention is il~Lustrated as applied to a spring system for SU5-pens:ion of' a driver's compartment 1 at the f'ront end o:f a heavy-cEuty transport vehicle with unsprung :front wheels 2 and a f'rarne port:ion 3 prot;rud:ing rorwardly the:reo:f. As il].ustrated, the driver's compartrllent 1 i.s suspended from a su:rrounding frame-like protecting cage 4 uncier the intermediation o:f spring members 5, spacecl a:rourld t}-le periphery o:f the cornpartrnent, and within the compal7trrlent is a clr:iver's seat 6.
The shape and arrangement of the spring members 5 is illustrated more c].osely in the en]arged partial view thereof in E-~lig. 3. In this case, the spring rnember consists o:f a hydropneurnati.c spring known per se and havin~ a cylindric body 6 with a piston 7 sl.idab]y mounted therein and having a piston rod 8 protruding f'rom one end of` the cyl:inder 6. At the opposite end of said cylinder 6 is a pressure chalrlber 9 i.n which is confined a volume o~' hydraul;
4~
the l.-itlui(l by nlec~ ; o~ a melrlt)rane L1. At :its f`rt?e en(1 the piston rt)(l ~ is corlnect;ed to olle Or the two bo(lies~ betweel-l wh:ich the spri.ng system is aclapte(i to operate :in the p-reserlt ca;e nanle~y a br.lcket 12 on lhe dr;ver's colnpartrnent 1. 'I'he conrlecti.on between the Lr-ce erld of Ih(? p~ tol-l:rod ~ and lhe b:racket 12 i.s .~ormed a;
ar-~.:lrt:icul.at;:i.c)n ~5 o.L su.itab:le kind, :i.rl the p:reserlt ca.se a pi.vot.
Tr) marly app1icat:i.c-rls however, the art;culat;.orl 13 rn:i.ght be rnade as an un:iversal joint.
'I'he hydroprleurrlatic sp:r:i.ng 1.5 i.s connected to the other o:i the two bod:ies, nalrlely the pr~tecting eage 4, by means o.f a bushing-like e1astomeric me..lns 111 which surrounds the outer su:rface of the cyli.ncler 6 Or the hyclropneumatic sprirlg 5 and -i.s supporteci froni a sleeve-l;ke brackel ~5 secured to the cage 4. Pre.ferabLy the elastomeric means lli is made Or rubber oI a predeterminecl hardness and/or spr;rlg coeificierlt selected to the actual appl;cation ease and constitutes as SUCil a eommerciaLly available standardized component. i~'or prov;.di.n~ an easy adjustment Or the vertieal level of -the hydropneumatie spr:inp 5 in the e1.astorneric rneans 1ll and hence tlle bracket 15 f'or adjustment o.i the lever length l between the bracket 15 and the arti.culation 13 and thus the soring eharaeteristie o.i the who~l.e suspension systern i.t is suitable that t`rle elastomer:i.e means 1l-l i.s moveable along the outer surfaee of the ey].inder 6 and in tha.t between a eollar 16 at the piston rod end thereof' and the elastomerie means l4 ean be mounted one or more detaehable spaeing rneans 17 if desired said spacing means 17 being made as split elamps. ln the drawings it has thus been il.lustrated one such spaeing means 17 mounted above the elastomerie rneans l4, while two similar spacing means l7 have been used for ~illing up the rest of the expo~ed po:rti.on oL' t;he cyl:inder 6 bet-D~Il A A ~D
l~ at thc~ erl(l o~l t~re cy:l:irlder ~ where the pr~sc;ure (I-lambe-r 9 is locate(l ~o that the c~ylin(3~r 6 also :is preverlte(l f':rom bei.rlLr slid upwar;(lly in the el~:lstorrleri.c means~
'L'he hydroplleulrlatic~ sprirlg 5 il:Lustrate(:l :in l;hc~ d:raw:ings is p:rovi.ded wit;h suit;ab'Le mea1ls f'or a]so obta;.n:ing a shocli-absorb;.rlg action which :is suitab:le ;n t;he il]ustrated ernbodirllerlt. Tne e:Lastorne~ric rneans ll~, to the inner and outer peri:f'erc-ll surraces of' which are rigiclly securecL metal sleeves 19, 20 as known per se by vulcani-zat:ion now allows obtaining rnovements Or all degrees of' f'reedom of' the resil:ien~].ysupported body of the systern, i..e. the driver's compartlnent 1. ~\t the same ti.rne, it also eff'ecti.ve]y se:rves as a stroke end damper downwardly in vertical direction7sirnultaneously with the elastomeric material also mak:ing the lotal frequency of the sprillg suspensiorl system being l.ower than Or the hydropneumatic spring solely. Ilence it is o~tained a very e:f'fect-i.ve and sirnple solution to the problern of' reciliently supporting var;.ous parts, parti.cu].arl.y in connectioll wi.th veh:icles o:f' vari.ous kinds and most parti.cul.arly d:ri.ver's compartrnents of heavy-duty contractor ven:icles, :L'orest machines etc. rl'he invention i.s pa:rticularly advantageous as :f'ar as the rnounti.ngr conditions and adaptation abilities to various driv:ing condit:ions and d:ri.ver's compartrnerlt weigrlts are concerned.
A s:i.mpl~ adaptation rnight narrlely be achieved hy changing the gas p:réssure of' the hydropneumat:ic spring 5 as known per~e. Thus the same components easi].y can be brought to suit all compartments and the only adjustment necessary to be made thus is the oi.1 pressure Or the spring 5 for obtaining a sur:f'icient characteristic of' the spring suspension system.
In l~igs. 1 and 2 Or the draw:ing the compartrnerlt 1 has been illu-strated suspencled by l'our hydropneumrltic spr:ings 5 spaced aL~ound tne per;phery Or the conlpartm(?rlt~ narrlely one at each corner of the compartment; 1. /~pprox:irrlately, the splings 5 are arranged at the mi(l(l]e oL lhe heifrht ofthe cornpartment 1, narnely ;uch that the conrlectiorl betweerl lne sprlng member 5 and the ~onip~rtment 1, i.e. the articulat:iorl I~, Lies at a precletermined height above the cerllre of gravity oL the compartment w:ith the driver seated there:irl. All t;he connection points or articulations ~3 ought to be located in a common plane. Since the hydropneurnatic spring as to its operation is a pressure spring, the connection between the spr~ing mernber 5 and the vehicle frarr,e 3 under the interrnediation of tne cage 4, i.e. the bracket 15, is located vertically below the articulation 13 such that the compartment 1 by its own weight always biases the spring rnembers 5.
Various detail de~;igns and locations of the spring suspension units are possib]e, however, within the scope of the invention.
When there is lack of space, the spring member 5 thus can be rnountecl with its rnountings turned upside down, i.e. such that the bracket 15 supporting tr~e elastomeric means 14 which surrounds the cylinder 6 of the h~dropneumatic spring 5, is attached to the driver's compartment 1, while the pis-ton rod with its free end is articulated to the cage ll. Furthermore, ins-tead of four spring members 5, one at each corner of the compartment 1, three spring rnernbers 5 can be used in a suitable location, i.e. one at; the middle of the rear ~all of the compartment and one at each side of the compartment, such that the spring means 5~as seen in a horizontal view,form the corner of an isosceles triangle.
However, it is also possible to have only two spring members 5, one at each side of the compartrnent and with an irna~inary connection line between the spring rneans passing through the centre of gravi~y of tne compartlnent, as seen in a plan view. Both the last-merlt:;orled al.t;~r~ i.ve nulrlber o:f' spr:i.rl~ Int-~tllt)ers Inight l:)e su.i.t<lble to ut-il:iz.e :ir-l ~)ar~t:i(:~ r cases, ~)ref'er'ably ill' t`rley have cL~;yminetr:ic .hape.
A]so wherl a dr:ive:r's c()rrlpartnlent or s:im:i.l.lr space cannot be rnounted res.i.:l i(?nt .-IS '.L.I('h i.n :i.tS enti.rety~ the same cond:it:iorls of' movelnerlt and claml-)ing requ:i:renl~rlts in all essenti.als still a:re valicl to the driver's seat as such and in such case it is also possible to apply the present invention only to a driver's seat as will be further clescribed below w:ith ref'erence to ]-~'i.gs. ll and 5 of' the clrawi.rlgs .
In sa:id f'i.gures it i.s il~lustrated a seat 22 wh:ich through a supporting f`rarnework 23 which also forrns arm rests :is supported frorrl a base 24 under the ;.ntermediatior-l of f'our spring membe:rs 5 of the same k:irl(l as il1ustrated in connect;on with the embodiment o:t' ~'igs.l--3 although a~ a correspondi.ngly reduced size and arranged one at each corner of' the seat. More closely said spring members are hydropneumatic springs 5 which at the free encl of the associa-ted p:iston rod are h.inged:Ly connected at 13 to the f'ramework 23.
Through a surround:irlg elastomeri.c means or body lli the cylinder of' t;he spr:ing member 5 in its turrl i.s connected with a supporting :frame 25 standi.ng on the base 24. 'I'he elastorneric rneans 14 is of the same bushing-li.ke kind as in the embodirnent previously described and in a sim:i.lar manrler it i.s secured to a bracket or attachment in the support-ing f'rame 25. By means of' a suitably selected lever length l of the distance between the particulated mounting 13 of the pi.stoh rod in the frame work 23 and the attachment of the cylinder 6 in the supporting frame 25 and the height h of the articulat.iorl 13 above the centre of grav:i.ty 'I'1-' all re(~uirements as to desired sprirlg movernerlts easily can be met. In the normal ~L~9~
ca(;e the sprirlg mfmbers 5 migrht not, nee(l to b~ rnade with a damp,ing .lct:iorl. ~]so as f'ar as th:is embo(iilrlerlt in eonr)eetion with a res:il:ient susp(?rls;orl ol` a c~hair or seat is eoncer-~r)e(l the sal-rle poss-ibi~L:iti,es as to varying errlbodirnents are app:l,icable as ;,n the embod;1rlent alrc,~.l(ly di,s(lose(l above.
Ow;,ng t;c) the fact; l;hat the eentre o~' gravity ~I'P of` the seat always is located at a se],ected precletermirlecl di,stance h below the articulated jo:i.nt 13 Or the spring member 5, the seat of' eourse will be self`-stabil-izing but i:f desired further clamp;.ng means 26 ean be mounted between the supporting .rrame 25 ar)d the seat framework 23 as illustrated in the drawings.
In the af'ore-mentioned if, has been stated in eonneet-ion with both embodirrlents that the spring rr,ernber 5 i.s a hydropneurrlatie spri,ng of'' eornrnonly known type and havi,ng essentially eyli.ndr;,eal outer sur~aee. It is, however, also possi,ble to use wi,thi,n the seope of' the i.nvention othe:r spring rneans having essenti,ally the sarne eylindr-~ieal outer su~r,~aee, sueh as a helieally eoiled pressure spring enelosecl by a suitable gu;di.ng eylindr:ic cover. Also other rnodifications and adaptations of` the parts of'' the arrange-ment according to the inventi,on might be obvious to art;isans.
o
l~rom the Swed:ish E'atent 7'71060-S-7, it is previously known a spring s,ystem or suspens;or! pri,marily adapted for a dri,ver !S cornpartment in heav,y cont;racto-r ve}lic]eC; and similar ones with unsprung whee~, suspensiorls, sa:id dr:iver's cornpartment be:ing subject to vibrations.
I~`or enc-lbling accomln(l(1ation of` all vibration [`requencies down to as ].ow as about 1 Hz, it has been suggested a particular arrangement of spring means, equa:Lly distribllted around the periphery of said driver's compartment such that their axes Or action f'orrn an aeute angle to the vertical. In the pract;cal embodiment o:f said :invention it has been prirnarily utilized helieally coiled pressure sp:rings as springr means but in practice it has turned out that in some app:L:ications certairl diff'iculties sti.].l are encountered. Thus, the spr:irlg beeornes -too long and t~ans~7ers~1y non-stable, ~ ould the same be capable of acti.ng, in the rang~e below 2 Hz, i.e~ closely adjacent tlle lower ]irnit of l Hz. For calculating the spring an extensive calcul.ation work also is :required in this case, and f'urtherrnore as :far as hel:ical:Ly coiled pressure springs are concerned, the selection of' the spring wire dimensions and coiling parameters become extremely critical.
, ~uring the rurther deve~.oping work acco:rding to the basic concept, of the abbve-stated paterlt it nas been f'ound that anotller kind of spring means actually is still more suited for application within the very lowest limit of the vibration range, thus about 1 Hz, namely hydropneumatic springs of the basic type which has been used in i.a. some modern passenger cars. An essential drawhack of said spring means is, however, their incapability of accommodating higher frequencies wi-thout the necessity of increasing the gas pressure to extremely high values. ThereEore, the present invention is based on con-siderations of how to effectively combine such a hydro pneumatic spring with some other kind of spring means which can accornmodate the higher frequences and thus constitute a required complement and allow movement:s between two bodies while maintaining a plurality or all degrees of freedom of the movements therebetween. It has now turned out that this is possible to achieve in a surprisingly simple and satisfy-ing manner which thus constitutes the very heart of the present: invention.
The features essentially distinguishing the pre-sent invention are that the spring member is connected with one of said bodies under the intermediation of a supplemental elastomeric spring means at said one body, said supplemental spring means surrounding the cylindrical outer surface of the spring member so as to allow restricted universal movements of said spring member from a center position against a pre-determined and not unessential oppositional force, while thespring member is connected with the other of said bodies by a pivot.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an arrangement in spring suspension systems particularly for vehicles, for allowing movements with a plurality of or all degrees of freedom between two bodies and with a frequency range of from as low as 1 Hz and up to 5000 Hz, said arrangement comprising at least one spring mernber mounted between said bodies and formed with a rigid _ ~
cylindrical outer surface axially of which the spring member is resillently deformable,the spring member being connected laterally -thereof between its ends with one of said bodies by the intermediary of a supplemental elasto-meric spring means, said supplemental spring means surround~ing the cylindrical outer surface of the spring member so as to allow resil.ient univexsal -tilting rnovements of said spring member from a centre position, while the spring member is connected with the other of said bodies by an articulation at one end of the spriny member.
Preferably, the spring member comprises a hydro-pneumatic spring with a cylindrical. body, the supplemental spring means surrounding the cylindrical body and having a bushi.ng-like shape and metal sleeves at-tached to the outer and inner peripheral surface, and said supplemental spring means is supported in a corresponding attachment in a bracket rigidly secured to one of said bodies.
For providiny an axially adjustable securing of the position of the supplemental. spring means, one or more spacing means may be mounted between one or both sides o~
the bracket and a radial end abutment on the cylindrical body, said spacing means being made divided in a central longitudinal plane.
The hydropneumatic spring is preferably provided with a shock-absorbing action.
The supplemental spring means according to the invention constitutes a very advantageous complement to the spring member while not only providing for movements of all degrees of freedom but also forming an stroke end damper for movements axially fo the spriny member. In its entirety, the spring suspension system is compact, simple =
,~
- 2a -ancl rel.:iabl(?~ wh:i.(t-~ -is ~ssentia] in most appl::i.cat:i.c)rl~.
By way o:r ex~lrll~) l e, the :invent:ion wil:l be l:'ur~ er d:isc:losed below ~`I:ith rererenCe to the a(~COmpany:irlg clraw:in~;s, :in WtliCh l'lig. 1 iS
a s:i.de e:levalional v;ew ancl ~`ig. 2 an en(l vi.ew of tne arrangement accorcli.llp to t~e -i.nverlt::i.orl as applied to a res:iliently supported dr:i.ver's comparllllent of' a contractor vehicle, E!'ig 3. is an enla:rged part:ia~l view, pa:r~ly sectionecl, of one on the spring rnembers of the ernt~ocliment according to E~igs. 1 and 2, and li`ig. 4 :i.s a side elevat:ional view ancl F'ig. 5 an end view of the arrangernent accorcl:ing to the ;r-lvent:iorl as appl.;.ed to the resilient suspensi.on Or a seat.
In Fligs. 1 and ? of' the drawings the arrangerrlent according to the invention is il~Lustrated as applied to a spring system for SU5-pens:ion of' a driver's compartment 1 at the f'ront end o:f a heavy-cEuty transport vehicle with unsprung :front wheels 2 and a f'rarne port:ion 3 prot;rud:ing rorwardly the:reo:f. As il].ustrated, the driver's compartrllent 1 i.s suspended from a su:rrounding frame-like protecting cage 4 uncier the intermediation o:f spring members 5, spacecl a:rourld t}-le periphery o:f the cornpartrnent, and within the compal7trrlent is a clr:iver's seat 6.
The shape and arrangement of the spring members 5 is illustrated more c].osely in the en]arged partial view thereof in E-~lig. 3. In this case, the spring rnember consists o:f a hydropneurnati.c spring known per se and havin~ a cylindric body 6 with a piston 7 sl.idab]y mounted therein and having a piston rod 8 protruding f'rom one end of` the cyl:inder 6. At the opposite end of said cylinder 6 is a pressure chalrlber 9 i.n which is confined a volume o~' hydraul;
4~
the l.-itlui(l by nlec~ ; o~ a melrlt)rane L1. At :its f`rt?e en(1 the piston rt)(l ~ is corlnect;ed to olle Or the two bo(lies~ betweel-l wh:ich the spri.ng system is aclapte(i to operate :in the p-reserlt ca;e nanle~y a br.lcket 12 on lhe dr;ver's colnpartrnent 1. 'I'he conrlecti.on between the Lr-ce erld of Ih(? p~ tol-l:rod ~ and lhe b:racket 12 i.s .~ormed a;
ar-~.:lrt:icul.at;:i.c)n ~5 o.L su.itab:le kind, :i.rl the p:reserlt ca.se a pi.vot.
Tr) marly app1icat:i.c-rls however, the art;culat;.orl 13 rn:i.ght be rnade as an un:iversal joint.
'I'he hydroprleurrlatic sp:r:i.ng 1.5 i.s connected to the other o:i the two bod:ies, nalrlely the pr~tecting eage 4, by means o.f a bushing-like e1astomeric me..lns 111 which surrounds the outer su:rface of the cyli.ncler 6 Or the hyclropneumatic sprirlg 5 and -i.s supporteci froni a sleeve-l;ke brackel ~5 secured to the cage 4. Pre.ferabLy the elastomeric means lli is made Or rubber oI a predeterminecl hardness and/or spr;rlg coeificierlt selected to the actual appl;cation ease and constitutes as SUCil a eommerciaLly available standardized component. i~'or prov;.di.n~ an easy adjustment Or the vertieal level of -the hydropneumatie spr:inp 5 in the e1.astorneric rneans 1ll and hence tlle bracket 15 f'or adjustment o.i the lever length l between the bracket 15 and the arti.culation 13 and thus the soring eharaeteristie o.i the who~l.e suspension systern i.t is suitable that t`rle elastomer:i.e means 1l-l i.s moveable along the outer surfaee of the ey].inder 6 and in tha.t between a eollar 16 at the piston rod end thereof' and the elastomerie means l4 ean be mounted one or more detaehable spaeing rneans 17 if desired said spacing means 17 being made as split elamps. ln the drawings it has thus been il.lustrated one such spaeing means 17 mounted above the elastomerie rneans l4, while two similar spacing means l7 have been used for ~illing up the rest of the expo~ed po:rti.on oL' t;he cyl:inder 6 bet-D~Il A A ~D
l~ at thc~ erl(l o~l t~re cy:l:irlder ~ where the pr~sc;ure (I-lambe-r 9 is locate(l ~o that the c~ylin(3~r 6 also :is preverlte(l f':rom bei.rlLr slid upwar;(lly in the el~:lstorrleri.c means~
'L'he hydroplleulrlatic~ sprirlg 5 il:Lustrate(:l :in l;hc~ d:raw:ings is p:rovi.ded wit;h suit;ab'Le mea1ls f'or a]so obta;.n:ing a shocli-absorb;.rlg action which :is suitab:le ;n t;he il]ustrated ernbodirllerlt. Tne e:Lastorne~ric rneans ll~, to the inner and outer peri:f'erc-ll surraces of' which are rigiclly securecL metal sleeves 19, 20 as known per se by vulcani-zat:ion now allows obtaining rnovements Or all degrees of' f'reedom of' the resil:ien~].ysupported body of the systern, i..e. the driver's compartlnent 1. ~\t the same ti.rne, it also eff'ecti.ve]y se:rves as a stroke end damper downwardly in vertical direction7sirnultaneously with the elastomeric material also mak:ing the lotal frequency of the sprillg suspensiorl system being l.ower than Or the hydropneumatic spring solely. Ilence it is o~tained a very e:f'fect-i.ve and sirnple solution to the problern of' reciliently supporting var;.ous parts, parti.cu].arl.y in connectioll wi.th veh:icles o:f' vari.ous kinds and most parti.cul.arly d:ri.ver's compartrnents of heavy-duty contractor ven:icles, :L'orest machines etc. rl'he invention i.s pa:rticularly advantageous as :f'ar as the rnounti.ngr conditions and adaptation abilities to various driv:ing condit:ions and d:ri.ver's compartrnerlt weigrlts are concerned.
A s:i.mpl~ adaptation rnight narrlely be achieved hy changing the gas p:réssure of' the hydropneumat:ic spring 5 as known per~e. Thus the same components easi].y can be brought to suit all compartments and the only adjustment necessary to be made thus is the oi.1 pressure Or the spring 5 for obtaining a sur:f'icient characteristic of' the spring suspension system.
In l~igs. 1 and 2 Or the draw:ing the compartrnerlt 1 has been illu-strated suspencled by l'our hydropneumrltic spr:ings 5 spaced aL~ound tne per;phery Or the conlpartm(?rlt~ narrlely one at each corner of the compartment; 1. /~pprox:irrlately, the splings 5 are arranged at the mi(l(l]e oL lhe heifrht ofthe cornpartment 1, narnely ;uch that the conrlectiorl betweerl lne sprlng member 5 and the ~onip~rtment 1, i.e. the articulat:iorl I~, Lies at a precletermined height above the cerllre of gravity oL the compartment w:ith the driver seated there:irl. All t;he connection points or articulations ~3 ought to be located in a common plane. Since the hydropneurnatic spring as to its operation is a pressure spring, the connection between the spr~ing mernber 5 and the vehicle frarr,e 3 under the interrnediation of tne cage 4, i.e. the bracket 15, is located vertically below the articulation 13 such that the compartment 1 by its own weight always biases the spring rnembers 5.
Various detail de~;igns and locations of the spring suspension units are possib]e, however, within the scope of the invention.
When there is lack of space, the spring member 5 thus can be rnountecl with its rnountings turned upside down, i.e. such that the bracket 15 supporting tr~e elastomeric means 14 which surrounds the cylinder 6 of the h~dropneumatic spring 5, is attached to the driver's compartment 1, while the pis-ton rod with its free end is articulated to the cage ll. Furthermore, ins-tead of four spring members 5, one at each corner of the compartment 1, three spring rnernbers 5 can be used in a suitable location, i.e. one at; the middle of the rear ~all of the compartment and one at each side of the compartment, such that the spring means 5~as seen in a horizontal view,form the corner of an isosceles triangle.
However, it is also possible to have only two spring members 5, one at each side of the compartrnent and with an irna~inary connection line between the spring rneans passing through the centre of gravi~y of tne compartlnent, as seen in a plan view. Both the last-merlt:;orled al.t;~r~ i.ve nulrlber o:f' spr:i.rl~ Int-~tllt)ers Inight l:)e su.i.t<lble to ut-il:iz.e :ir-l ~)ar~t:i(:~ r cases, ~)ref'er'ably ill' t`rley have cL~;yminetr:ic .hape.
A]so wherl a dr:ive:r's c()rrlpartnlent or s:im:i.l.lr space cannot be rnounted res.i.:l i(?nt .-IS '.L.I('h i.n :i.tS enti.rety~ the same cond:it:iorls of' movelnerlt and claml-)ing requ:i:renl~rlts in all essenti.als still a:re valicl to the driver's seat as such and in such case it is also possible to apply the present invention only to a driver's seat as will be further clescribed below w:ith ref'erence to ]-~'i.gs. ll and 5 of' the clrawi.rlgs .
In sa:id f'i.gures it i.s il~lustrated a seat 22 wh:ich through a supporting f`rarnework 23 which also forrns arm rests :is supported frorrl a base 24 under the ;.ntermediatior-l of f'our spring membe:rs 5 of the same k:irl(l as il1ustrated in connect;on with the embodiment o:t' ~'igs.l--3 although a~ a correspondi.ngly reduced size and arranged one at each corner of' the seat. More closely said spring members are hydropneumatic springs 5 which at the free encl of the associa-ted p:iston rod are h.inged:Ly connected at 13 to the f'ramework 23.
Through a surround:irlg elastomeri.c means or body lli the cylinder of' t;he spr:ing member 5 in its turrl i.s connected with a supporting :frame 25 standi.ng on the base 24. 'I'he elastorneric rneans 14 is of the same bushing-li.ke kind as in the embodirnent previously described and in a sim:i.lar manrler it i.s secured to a bracket or attachment in the support-ing f'rame 25. By means of' a suitably selected lever length l of the distance between the particulated mounting 13 of the pi.stoh rod in the frame work 23 and the attachment of the cylinder 6 in the supporting frame 25 and the height h of the articulat.iorl 13 above the centre of grav:i.ty 'I'1-' all re(~uirements as to desired sprirlg movernerlts easily can be met. In the normal ~L~9~
ca(;e the sprirlg mfmbers 5 migrht not, nee(l to b~ rnade with a damp,ing .lct:iorl. ~]so as f'ar as th:is embo(iilrlerlt in eonr)eetion with a res:il:ient susp(?rls;orl ol` a c~hair or seat is eoncer-~r)e(l the sal-rle poss-ibi~L:iti,es as to varying errlbodirnents are app:l,icable as ;,n the embod;1rlent alrc,~.l(ly di,s(lose(l above.
Ow;,ng t;c) the fact; l;hat the eentre o~' gravity ~I'P of` the seat always is located at a se],ected precletermirlecl di,stance h below the articulated jo:i.nt 13 Or the spring member 5, the seat of' eourse will be self`-stabil-izing but i:f desired further clamp;.ng means 26 ean be mounted between the supporting .rrame 25 ar)d the seat framework 23 as illustrated in the drawings.
In the af'ore-mentioned if, has been stated in eonneet-ion with both embodirrlents that the spring rr,ernber 5 i.s a hydropneurrlatie spri,ng of'' eornrnonly known type and havi,ng essentially eyli.ndr;,eal outer sur~aee. It is, however, also possi,ble to use wi,thi,n the seope of' the i.nvention othe:r spring rneans having essenti,ally the sarne eylindr-~ieal outer su~r,~aee, sueh as a helieally eoiled pressure spring enelosecl by a suitable gu;di.ng eylindr:ic cover. Also other rnodifications and adaptations of` the parts of'' the arrange-ment according to the inventi,on might be obvious to art;isans.
o
Claims
Claims 1. An arrangement -in spring suspension systems particularly for vehicles, for allowing movements with a plurality of or all degrees of freedom between two bodies and with a frequency range of from as low as about 1 Hz and up to 5000 Hz and more said arrangement comprising at least one spring member formed with rigid cylindrical outer surface and operative axially and mounted between said pair of bodies characterized in that the spring mem-ber is connected with one of said bodies under the intermediation of a supplemental elastomeric spring means at said one body, said supplemental spring means surrounding the cylindrical outer sur-face of the spring member so as to allow restricted universal movements of said spring member from a centre position against a predetermined, not unessential. oppositional force while the spring member is connected with the other of said bodies by an articulation.
2. Arrangement according to claim 1 and particularly with the spring member formed with a rigid cylindrical outer surface consisting of a hydropneumatic spring with a cylindrical body characterized in that the supplemental spring means surrounding the cylindrical body has a bushing-like shape and metal sleeves attached to the outer and inner peripheral surface and in that said supplemental spring means is supported in a corresponding attachment in a bracket rigidly secured to one of said bodies.
3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that for providing for an axially adjustable securing of the position of the supplemental spring means one or more spacing means are mounted between one or both sides of the bracket and a radial end abutment on the cylindrical body said spacing means preferably being made divided in a central longitudinal plane.
5. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 1, wherein said flexible upper and exterior layer further comprises a supple refractory material .
6. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 5, wherein said supple refractory material of said flexible upper and exterior layer com-prises refractory fiber reinforcing material.
7. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 1, wherein said flexible upper and exterior layer contains a material to produce an endo-thermal reaction with the vaporized and overheated liquid from the hydra-tor-overheater layer.
8. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 1, wherein said pulverulent inorganic material and said liquid together comprise silica gel.
9. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 7, wherein said material to produce an endothermal reaction with the vaporized and over-heated liquid is carbon.
10. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 1, further com-prising means to supply said liquid to said hydrator-overheater layer during a thermal aggression.
11. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 2, wherein said elastomeric material comprises a silicone resin.
2. Arrangement according to claim 1 and particularly with the spring member formed with a rigid cylindrical outer surface consisting of a hydropneumatic spring with a cylindrical body characterized in that the supplemental spring means surrounding the cylindrical body has a bushing-like shape and metal sleeves attached to the outer and inner peripheral surface and in that said supplemental spring means is supported in a corresponding attachment in a bracket rigidly secured to one of said bodies.
3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that for providing for an axially adjustable securing of the position of the supplemental spring means one or more spacing means are mounted between one or both sides of the bracket and a radial end abutment on the cylindrical body said spacing means preferably being made divided in a central longitudinal plane.
5. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 1, wherein said flexible upper and exterior layer further comprises a supple refractory material .
6. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 5, wherein said supple refractory material of said flexible upper and exterior layer com-prises refractory fiber reinforcing material.
7. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 1, wherein said flexible upper and exterior layer contains a material to produce an endo-thermal reaction with the vaporized and overheated liquid from the hydra-tor-overheater layer.
8. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 1, wherein said pulverulent inorganic material and said liquid together comprise silica gel.
9. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 7, wherein said material to produce an endothermal reaction with the vaporized and over-heated liquid is carbon.
10. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 1, further com-prising means to supply said liquid to said hydrator-overheater layer during a thermal aggression.
11. A thermal dissipation screen according to claim 2, wherein said elastomeric material comprises a silicone resin.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8101518A SE438826B (en) | 1981-03-10 | 1981-03-10 | DEVICE FOR SPRING SYSTEM FOR SPRING Suspension of front seats or seat of vehicle |
| SE8101518-2 | 1981-03-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1191441A true CA1191441A (en) | 1985-08-06 |
Family
ID=20343299
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000397944A Expired CA1191441A (en) | 1981-03-10 | 1982-03-09 | Arrangement in spring suspension systems, particularly for vehicles |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4500076A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS57164865A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT392037B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU550526B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1191441A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3208680A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI76742C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2097095B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1209993B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO159782C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE438826B (en) |
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| JP2556728Y2 (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1997-12-08 | 新キャタピラー三菱株式会社 | Cabin for construction machinery |
| DE19927375A1 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2000-12-28 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Cab bearings for heavy goods vehicles has guide pillars projecting vertically up from vehicle frame and engaged by linear guides fixed on cab and acting resiliently in plane perpendicular to vehicle vertical axis |
| US8186475B2 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2012-05-29 | Metalcraft Of Mayville, Inc. | Suspended operator platform |
| DE102010033028B4 (en) | 2010-08-02 | 2014-02-27 | Grammer Aktiengesellschaft | Vehicle vibration device with a horizontal suspension device |
| DE102010033419A1 (en) | 2010-08-04 | 2012-02-09 | Grammer Aktiengesellschaft | Horizon spring device for vehicle seats with elastomer spring element with progressive spring characteristic |
| DE102010051326A1 (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-01 | Grammer Aktiengesellschaft | Vehicle seat for vehicles |
| DE102010052619A1 (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2012-05-31 | Grammer Aktiengesellschaft | Vehicle seat with guided scissor arms |
| DE102010053752A1 (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2012-06-14 | Grammer Aktiengesellschaft | Vehicle vibration device for vehicle seats or vehicle cabins |
| DE102010054749B4 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2013-10-24 | Grammer Aktiengesellschaft | Suspension device for vehicle seats and / or vehicle cabins with elastomeric element |
| DE102011101350A1 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2012-11-15 | Audi Ag | rotary damper |
| DE102011053647B4 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2022-02-03 | Grammer Aktiengesellschaft | Vehicle seat with a suspension device and motor vehicle |
| US10046677B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2018-08-14 | Clearmotion Acquisition I Llc | Seat system for a vehicle |
| DE102015113176B4 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2021-12-30 | Grammer Aktiengesellschaft | Horizontal vibration device for a vehicle seat |
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| US2353763A (en) * | 1942-12-04 | 1944-07-18 | Columbia Recording Corp | Thrust bearing |
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| GB613253A (en) * | 1945-12-22 | 1948-11-24 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Shock absorbing device |
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| US2892482A (en) * | 1956-05-21 | 1959-06-30 | Joseph J Beoletto | Vehicle seat mounting units |
| ES295641A1 (en) * | 1964-01-23 | 1964-03-01 | Ruiz Fernandez Pedro | Shock absorbers |
| AT262368B (en) * | 1965-09-10 | 1968-06-10 | Magyar Vagon Es Gepgyar | Hydropneumatic suspension |
| FR1536401A (en) * | 1967-07-05 | 1968-08-16 | Pneumatiques, Caoutchouc Manufacture Et Plastiques Kleber Colombes | Rubber spring for vehicle suspension or similar application |
| DE1816208A1 (en) * | 1968-01-02 | 1971-06-09 | Abex Corp | Spring device |
| JPS5121218B1 (en) * | 1971-04-30 | 1976-07-01 | ||
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| GB1374880A (en) * | 1971-12-21 | 1974-11-20 | Daimler Benz Ag | Bumper assemblies for vehicles |
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-
1981
- 1981-03-10 SE SE8101518A patent/SE438826B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-03-05 AU AU81175/82A patent/AU550526B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-03-09 JP JP57035944A patent/JPS57164865A/en active Granted
- 1982-03-09 FI FI820809A patent/FI76742C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-03-09 GB GB8206870A patent/GB2097095B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-09 NO NO820740A patent/NO159782C/en unknown
- 1982-03-09 IT IT8267284A patent/IT1209993B/en active
- 1982-03-09 CA CA000397944A patent/CA1191441A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-10 DE DE19823208680 patent/DE3208680A1/en active Granted
- 1982-03-10 AT AT0095582A patent/AT392037B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1984
- 1984-07-10 US US06/628,975 patent/US4500076A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0379579B2 (en) | 1991-12-19 |
| AT392037B (en) | 1991-01-10 |
| FI76742B (en) | 1988-08-31 |
| IT8267284A0 (en) | 1982-03-09 |
| JPS57164865A (en) | 1982-10-09 |
| GB2097095B (en) | 1985-05-22 |
| FI820809L (en) | 1982-09-11 |
| SE438826B (en) | 1985-05-13 |
| US4500076A (en) | 1985-02-19 |
| AU8117582A (en) | 1982-09-16 |
| DE3208680C2 (en) | 1991-10-24 |
| GB2097095A (en) | 1982-10-27 |
| AU550526B2 (en) | 1986-03-27 |
| DE3208680A1 (en) | 1982-09-30 |
| IT1209993B (en) | 1989-08-30 |
| NO820740L (en) | 1982-09-13 |
| NO159782C (en) | 1989-02-08 |
| NO159782B (en) | 1988-10-31 |
| FI76742C (en) | 1988-12-12 |
| SE8101518L (en) | 1982-09-11 |
| ATA95582A (en) | 1990-07-15 |
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