CA1316693C - Abrasive web and method of making same - Google Patents
Abrasive web and method of making sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA1316693C CA1316693C CA 534769 CA534769A CA1316693C CA 1316693 C CA1316693 C CA 1316693C CA 534769 CA534769 CA 534769 CA 534769 A CA534769 A CA 534769A CA 1316693 C CA1316693 C CA 1316693C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- web
- meltblown
- abrasive
- fibers
- supporting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
- B24D11/001—Manufacture of flexible abrasive materials
- B24D11/005—Making abrasive webs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
- B24D11/001—Manufacture of flexible abrasive materials
- B24D11/005—Making abrasive webs
- B24D11/006—Making abrasive webs without embedded abrasive particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0036—Heat treatment
- B32B38/004—Heat treatment by physically contacting the layers, e.g. by the use of heated platens or rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/559—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving the fibres being within layered webs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2432/00—Cleaning articles, e.g. mops, wipes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2535/00—Medical equipment, e.g. bandage, prostheses, catheter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1089—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor of discrete laminae to single face of additional lamina
- Y10T156/1092—All laminae planar and face to face
- Y10T156/1097—Lamina is running length web
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1089—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor of discrete laminae to single face of additional lamina
- Y10T156/1092—All laminae planar and face to face
- Y10T156/1097—Lamina is running length web
- Y10T156/1098—Feeding of discrete laminae from separate sources
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24777—Edge feature
- Y10T428/24793—Comprising discontinuous or differential impregnation or bond
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
- Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
- Y10T442/66—Additional nonwoven fabric is a spun-bonded fabric
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/681—Spun-bonded nonwoven fabric
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/69—Autogenously bonded nonwoven fabric
Abstract
ABSTRACT
An abrasive polypropylene meltblown web having a very light basis weight and thick fibers is made by depositing the fibers onto a substrate while in a semi-molten state.
An abrasive polypropylene meltblown web having a very light basis weight and thick fibers is made by depositing the fibers onto a substrate while in a semi-molten state.
Description
13166~
Nonwoven thermoplastic webs are well known for a wide variety of end-uses, such as for wipes, surgical gowns, dressings, etc. These products are generally made by either meltblowing or spunbonding, both of which are well known in the art. See, for example U.S. Patent No. 3,978,185 to Bunting et al. dated August 31, 1976, which describes meltblowing. Also see U.S. Patent No.
3,692,618 to Dorschner et al. dated September 19, 1972, which describes spunbonding.
Spunbonding entails extruding a multiplicity of continuous thermoplastic polymer strands through a multiplicity of die orifices in a downward direction onto a moving surface where the extruded strands are collected in randomly distributed fashion. The randomly deposited strands are then bonded together in a heated nip to provide sufficient integrity to the resulting nonwoven web of continuous fibers. Spunbonded webs are characterized by a high strength/weight ratio, isotropic strength, high porosity, and good abrasion resistance and are useful for a wide variety of product applications ranging from diaper liners to street repair fabrics.
Meltblowing differs from spunbonding in that the extruded polymer strands are broken up and dispersed into individual fibers by a forced air stream before being deposited onto the collecting surface. In addition, the fibers are substantially cooled by the air so that they do not significantly bond together.
Bonding of the web to retain integrity and strength occurs as a separate downstream operation. Meltblown webs are characterized by their softness, bulk, absorbency, low porosity and poor abrasion resistance and are useful for product applications such as surgical drapes and wipes.
Notwithstanding the fact that much nonwoven product development is directed toward products which provides enhanced softness and greater flexibility, there is also ~31~3 a need for an inexpensive nonwoven product which is sufficiently abrasive to serve as a cleaning wipe without using added abrasive materials, yet soft enough to reduce or eliminate scratching the surface being cleaned.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a layered abrasive web comprising a supporting layer and a meltblown abrasive layer thermally bonded together. The meltblown abrasive layer has a basis weight of from about 5 to about 25 grams per square meter and essentially consists of fibers having an average fiber diameter of at least 40 microns.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of making an abrasive web comprising meltblowing a polymer melt into fibers through a die tip in a semi-molten state onto a sùpporting web in other than a semi-molten state and composed of elements which are dimensionally distinct from the meltblown fibers state such that upon contact with the supporting web the meltblown fibers certainly bond to the supporting web.
More specifically, the method of the present invention includes meltblowing a polymer melt onto a supporting web such that the meltblown fibers are at a temperature at or above the polymer softening point and remain sufficiently semi-molten (hot and fusible) to thermally bond to the supporting web. By making a web in this manner, the resulting meltblown fibers, which are thicker than conventional meltblown fibers, intimately bond to the supporting web and harden into an abrasive surface. The resulting layered web thus exhibits the strength of the supporting web, which is preferably a spunbonded web, and the abrasiveness of the meltblown layer.
To achieve the desired product characteristics, a number of variables must be considered when practicing .
131~
- ~a -the method of this invention. These variables include the characteristics of the polymer, the temperature of the melt, the design of the meltblowing die tip, the denier of th~ extruded melt and resulting fibers, the melt flow rate, the meltblowing air temperature and flow rate, the distance between the die tip and the supporting web, the basis weight of the meltblown layer, and the nature of the supporting web. However, upon reading this specification those skilled in the art of manufacturing nonwoven webs will readily be able to manipulate these variables as necessary to achieve C
. f 1 3 ~
semi-molten meltblown fibers capable of bonding to the supporting web. In fact, in current commercial operations for making typical meltblown materials, such semi-molten fibers are occasionally made inadvertently and the resulting product is discarded as waste material.
In a further aspect, the invention resides in a layered abrasive web comprising a supporting layer and a meltblown abrasive layer intimately thermally bonded together, said meltblown abrasive layer having a basis weight of from about 5 to about 25 grams per square meter (gsm) and essentially consisting of fibers having an average fiber diameter of at least about 40 micrometers, preferably from about 40 to about 8~ micrometers, and most preferably about 50 micrometers. Such a web provides an abrasive wipe at very low materials costs. The meltblown layer is very thin, having a basis weight substantially lower than typical meltblown webs. The supporting layer, which is preferably a spunbonded web because of its high strength-to-weight ratio, provides the necessary product strength and integrity and, in some instances, absorbency.
In further aspects, the invention resides in various different product forms which utilize the layered abrasive web concept described above. One such embodiment is a single-ply two-layered abrasive meltblown/spunbonded wipe, which can be impregnated with a wide variety of chemical additives, for cleaning household surfaces or for bathing.
Another example of a product form of this invention is a single-ply three-layered abrasive wipe (meltblown/spun-bonded/meltblown) in which both outer surfaces are abrasive meltblown layers. A further example is a three-ply wiping product wherein a first outer ply comprises an abrasive meltblown/spunbonded layered web having the abrasive meltblown layer facing outwardly, an inner ply comprises a water-permeable nonwoven thermoplastic web, and a second outer ply comprises a water-permeable meltblown thermoplastic web. Each of the plies is bonded together 131~
along the periphery of the wipe and a detergent is contained between the inner ply and the second outer ply. A still S further example of a product form of this invention is a shower cloth comprising a two-layered meltblown/spunbonded web, constructed of two separate plies or one ply folded over on itself, such that the abrasive meltblown layer is the exposed layer on both outer surfaces.
These and other aspects of this invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the Drawing.
Brief DescriPtion of the Drawing Figure 1 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating the method of this invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the blowing head used for meltblowing in the method of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a product of this invention, illustrating a single-ply meltblown/spunbonded layered product.
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional representation of a single-ply meltblown/spunbonded/meltblown product form of this invention.
Pigure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a three-ply product form of this invention.
Detailed Description of the Drawing Referring to Figure 1, the method of this invention will be described in greater detail. Figure 1 illustrates the method of this invention wherein a layer of meltblown fibers is deposited upon a supporting web to form a layered abrasive composite web. More specifically, polymer feed pellets are introduced into an extruder 1 in which the polymer is melted and conveyed to the melt blowing head 2.
1~16~9~
The melt blowing head essentially comprises two forced hot air inlets 3 and 4 and a multiplicity of extrusion orifices through which the polymer melt is extruded. In a preferred embodiment, the blowing head contains about 30 orifices per inch having a diameter of about 0.0145 inch. As the polymer melt is extruded downwardly, the interaction of the extrudate with the forced hot air disrupts the extrudate to form discontinuous, semi-molten fiber fragments 5 which immediately begin to solidify. However, prior to solidification, while still in a bondable condition, the fibers are deposited onto a supporting web 6 and intimately thermally bond thereto as solidification is completed. The resulting layered web 7 is then calendered and wound onto a roll 8 for subsequent conversion into a particular product form.
As shown in Figure 1, the supporting web 6 of the product can be provided from a roll 9 which is simply unwound at the desired rate, or it can also be provided by forming it in line on the support fabric 11 prior to deposition of the meltblown fibers.
Suitable polymer feed materials for producing the meltblown abrasive layer of the layered web of this invention include, without limitation, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, polyethers, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyesters, and copolymers thereof.
However, polypropylene having a weight average molecular weight greater than about 200,000 is preferred because of its availability, ease of spinning, and abrasive properties. Suitable commercially available materials including *Exxon 3045 and Hercules *PR0-FAX
polypropylene pellets.
The meltblown abrasive layer preferably has a basis weight of from about 5 to about 25 grams per square meter (GSM~ and ess~ntially consists of fibers having an average fiber diameter of at least about 40 micrometers, preferably from about 40 to 85 micrometers, and most preferably about 50 micrometers.
* - Trade-marks 1~16~
- 5a -Suitable supporting web materials for the supporting layer of the layered web of this invention include spunbonded webs of various polymers as listed above, bonded carded webs, and meltblown webs of various polymers or combinations of polymers and other fibers such as cellulosic.
fibers. It is important that the substrate material have a softening point sufficiently lower than the temperature of the extruded polymer melt and that the melted substrate material be miscible with the extended polymer melt in order for thermal bonding to occur. Spunbonded polypropylene webs having a basis weight of at least about 5 gsm are preferred because of their uniform formation and relatively high isotropic strength per unit weight. Such a web is available commercially from Lutravil Corporation under the trademark LUTRICIL and has a basis weight of about 10 gsm.
Figure 2 illustrates in cross-section the configuration of the blowing head. Shown is a polymer melt supply passageway 16 which is stepped down in size to about 0.0145 inch at the die tip orifice 17. The die tip orifice 17 is recessed about 0.090 inch. The polymer melt temperature can be from about 540F. to about 600F. for polypropylene.
Converging hot air slots 21 and 22 have a slot opening of about 0.067 inch and extend the width of the blowing head.
The length of the channels 21 and 22 is about 1.75 inches.
In operation, hot air is supplied to the hot air channels, creating a downward hot air flow which disrupts the polymer extrudate as it leaves the die tip. The hot air flow serves to draw out the extruded fibers and the flow rate can be used to control the resulting fiber diameter and the abrasiveness of the resulting meltblown layer. The lower hot air flow rates provide thicker fibers and higher flow rates create thinner fibers. The resulting extrudate melt fragments (meltblown fibers) are blown downwardly onto the travelling supporting web before they have sufficient time to solidify. Hence the meltblown fibers are deposited while in a semi-molten state s~fficient to permit the fibers to intimately thermally bond to the fibers of the supporting web. To achieve deposition of the meltblown fibers while still in a semi-molten state, it is necessary to properly 1316~
balance the polymer flow rate, the hot air flow rate, the diameter of the die tip orifice, and the distance between the die tip and the supporting web. To some degree these conditions occasionally occur inadvertently during commercial meltblown fiber operations where the resulting nonwoven material is referred to as "shotty" material and is rejected as waste material. However, consistent formation of such semi-molten material is essential for purposes of this invention.
As an example, it has been found that the abrasive material of this invention can be produced from the abovesaid apparatus and process using a polymer (SgOF.) flow rate through the die tip of about 1.1 pounds per inch of die tip width per hour, a hot air (533F.) flow rate through the die tip of about 75 standard cubic feet per minute (pressure differential of about 3 psi), and a distance between the die tip and the supporting web of about 14 inches. These conditions result in the deposition of semi-molten fibers having an average fiber diameter of about 50.8 micrometers, which is substantially thicker than conventional meltblown fibers, which typically have fiber diameters of about 7 micrometers.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a representa-tive abrasive wiping product of this invention. Shown is a meltblown layer 31 thermally bonded to a spunbonded supporting layer 32.
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional representation of a modified product of this invention, which has an abrasive meltblown layer of fibers 31 on both outer sides. Such a product can be manufactured using a web as shown in Figure 3 as the supporting web in the method illustrated in Figure 1.
Such a product can be particularly useful if differing degrees of abrasiveness are desired in a single product.
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Figure 5 illustrates yet another embodiment of this invention having three plies and containing a detergent. Shown is a first outer ply 51 which comprises an abrasive meltblown/spunbonded web as illustrated in Figure 3 and having the meltblown layer facing outwardly, an inner ply of water-permeable nonwoven thermoplastic 52, and a second outer ply 53 comprising a water-permeable meltblown web. The second outer ply 53 may be of the same structure as the first outer ply 51, ie. an abrasive meltblown/spunbonded web as illustrated in Figure 3 and having the meltblown layer facing outwardly. In between the inner ply and the second outer ply is entrapped detergent 54. All three plies are suitably bonded about the periphery of the composite web at bonded areas 56 to retain the detergent and the integrity of the composite web~
In all of the product forms of this invention, it can be advantageous to impregnate the product with various additives, such as detergents, surfactants, cleaners, bleaches, perfumes, disinfectants, germicides, virucides, etc.
It will be appreciated that the foregoing examples, shown for purposes of illustration, are not to be construed as limiting the scope of this invention to only those embodiments specifically described. A wide variety of product embodiments can be constructed using the abrasive meltblown web and method of this invention.
Nonwoven thermoplastic webs are well known for a wide variety of end-uses, such as for wipes, surgical gowns, dressings, etc. These products are generally made by either meltblowing or spunbonding, both of which are well known in the art. See, for example U.S. Patent No. 3,978,185 to Bunting et al. dated August 31, 1976, which describes meltblowing. Also see U.S. Patent No.
3,692,618 to Dorschner et al. dated September 19, 1972, which describes spunbonding.
Spunbonding entails extruding a multiplicity of continuous thermoplastic polymer strands through a multiplicity of die orifices in a downward direction onto a moving surface where the extruded strands are collected in randomly distributed fashion. The randomly deposited strands are then bonded together in a heated nip to provide sufficient integrity to the resulting nonwoven web of continuous fibers. Spunbonded webs are characterized by a high strength/weight ratio, isotropic strength, high porosity, and good abrasion resistance and are useful for a wide variety of product applications ranging from diaper liners to street repair fabrics.
Meltblowing differs from spunbonding in that the extruded polymer strands are broken up and dispersed into individual fibers by a forced air stream before being deposited onto the collecting surface. In addition, the fibers are substantially cooled by the air so that they do not significantly bond together.
Bonding of the web to retain integrity and strength occurs as a separate downstream operation. Meltblown webs are characterized by their softness, bulk, absorbency, low porosity and poor abrasion resistance and are useful for product applications such as surgical drapes and wipes.
Notwithstanding the fact that much nonwoven product development is directed toward products which provides enhanced softness and greater flexibility, there is also ~31~3 a need for an inexpensive nonwoven product which is sufficiently abrasive to serve as a cleaning wipe without using added abrasive materials, yet soft enough to reduce or eliminate scratching the surface being cleaned.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a layered abrasive web comprising a supporting layer and a meltblown abrasive layer thermally bonded together. The meltblown abrasive layer has a basis weight of from about 5 to about 25 grams per square meter and essentially consists of fibers having an average fiber diameter of at least 40 microns.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of making an abrasive web comprising meltblowing a polymer melt into fibers through a die tip in a semi-molten state onto a sùpporting web in other than a semi-molten state and composed of elements which are dimensionally distinct from the meltblown fibers state such that upon contact with the supporting web the meltblown fibers certainly bond to the supporting web.
More specifically, the method of the present invention includes meltblowing a polymer melt onto a supporting web such that the meltblown fibers are at a temperature at or above the polymer softening point and remain sufficiently semi-molten (hot and fusible) to thermally bond to the supporting web. By making a web in this manner, the resulting meltblown fibers, which are thicker than conventional meltblown fibers, intimately bond to the supporting web and harden into an abrasive surface. The resulting layered web thus exhibits the strength of the supporting web, which is preferably a spunbonded web, and the abrasiveness of the meltblown layer.
To achieve the desired product characteristics, a number of variables must be considered when practicing .
131~
- ~a -the method of this invention. These variables include the characteristics of the polymer, the temperature of the melt, the design of the meltblowing die tip, the denier of th~ extruded melt and resulting fibers, the melt flow rate, the meltblowing air temperature and flow rate, the distance between the die tip and the supporting web, the basis weight of the meltblown layer, and the nature of the supporting web. However, upon reading this specification those skilled in the art of manufacturing nonwoven webs will readily be able to manipulate these variables as necessary to achieve C
. f 1 3 ~
semi-molten meltblown fibers capable of bonding to the supporting web. In fact, in current commercial operations for making typical meltblown materials, such semi-molten fibers are occasionally made inadvertently and the resulting product is discarded as waste material.
In a further aspect, the invention resides in a layered abrasive web comprising a supporting layer and a meltblown abrasive layer intimately thermally bonded together, said meltblown abrasive layer having a basis weight of from about 5 to about 25 grams per square meter (gsm) and essentially consisting of fibers having an average fiber diameter of at least about 40 micrometers, preferably from about 40 to about 8~ micrometers, and most preferably about 50 micrometers. Such a web provides an abrasive wipe at very low materials costs. The meltblown layer is very thin, having a basis weight substantially lower than typical meltblown webs. The supporting layer, which is preferably a spunbonded web because of its high strength-to-weight ratio, provides the necessary product strength and integrity and, in some instances, absorbency.
In further aspects, the invention resides in various different product forms which utilize the layered abrasive web concept described above. One such embodiment is a single-ply two-layered abrasive meltblown/spunbonded wipe, which can be impregnated with a wide variety of chemical additives, for cleaning household surfaces or for bathing.
Another example of a product form of this invention is a single-ply three-layered abrasive wipe (meltblown/spun-bonded/meltblown) in which both outer surfaces are abrasive meltblown layers. A further example is a three-ply wiping product wherein a first outer ply comprises an abrasive meltblown/spunbonded layered web having the abrasive meltblown layer facing outwardly, an inner ply comprises a water-permeable nonwoven thermoplastic web, and a second outer ply comprises a water-permeable meltblown thermoplastic web. Each of the plies is bonded together 131~
along the periphery of the wipe and a detergent is contained between the inner ply and the second outer ply. A still S further example of a product form of this invention is a shower cloth comprising a two-layered meltblown/spunbonded web, constructed of two separate plies or one ply folded over on itself, such that the abrasive meltblown layer is the exposed layer on both outer surfaces.
These and other aspects of this invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the Drawing.
Brief DescriPtion of the Drawing Figure 1 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating the method of this invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the blowing head used for meltblowing in the method of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a product of this invention, illustrating a single-ply meltblown/spunbonded layered product.
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional representation of a single-ply meltblown/spunbonded/meltblown product form of this invention.
Pigure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a three-ply product form of this invention.
Detailed Description of the Drawing Referring to Figure 1, the method of this invention will be described in greater detail. Figure 1 illustrates the method of this invention wherein a layer of meltblown fibers is deposited upon a supporting web to form a layered abrasive composite web. More specifically, polymer feed pellets are introduced into an extruder 1 in which the polymer is melted and conveyed to the melt blowing head 2.
1~16~9~
The melt blowing head essentially comprises two forced hot air inlets 3 and 4 and a multiplicity of extrusion orifices through which the polymer melt is extruded. In a preferred embodiment, the blowing head contains about 30 orifices per inch having a diameter of about 0.0145 inch. As the polymer melt is extruded downwardly, the interaction of the extrudate with the forced hot air disrupts the extrudate to form discontinuous, semi-molten fiber fragments 5 which immediately begin to solidify. However, prior to solidification, while still in a bondable condition, the fibers are deposited onto a supporting web 6 and intimately thermally bond thereto as solidification is completed. The resulting layered web 7 is then calendered and wound onto a roll 8 for subsequent conversion into a particular product form.
As shown in Figure 1, the supporting web 6 of the product can be provided from a roll 9 which is simply unwound at the desired rate, or it can also be provided by forming it in line on the support fabric 11 prior to deposition of the meltblown fibers.
Suitable polymer feed materials for producing the meltblown abrasive layer of the layered web of this invention include, without limitation, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, polyethers, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyesters, and copolymers thereof.
However, polypropylene having a weight average molecular weight greater than about 200,000 is preferred because of its availability, ease of spinning, and abrasive properties. Suitable commercially available materials including *Exxon 3045 and Hercules *PR0-FAX
polypropylene pellets.
The meltblown abrasive layer preferably has a basis weight of from about 5 to about 25 grams per square meter (GSM~ and ess~ntially consists of fibers having an average fiber diameter of at least about 40 micrometers, preferably from about 40 to 85 micrometers, and most preferably about 50 micrometers.
* - Trade-marks 1~16~
- 5a -Suitable supporting web materials for the supporting layer of the layered web of this invention include spunbonded webs of various polymers as listed above, bonded carded webs, and meltblown webs of various polymers or combinations of polymers and other fibers such as cellulosic.
fibers. It is important that the substrate material have a softening point sufficiently lower than the temperature of the extruded polymer melt and that the melted substrate material be miscible with the extended polymer melt in order for thermal bonding to occur. Spunbonded polypropylene webs having a basis weight of at least about 5 gsm are preferred because of their uniform formation and relatively high isotropic strength per unit weight. Such a web is available commercially from Lutravil Corporation under the trademark LUTRICIL and has a basis weight of about 10 gsm.
Figure 2 illustrates in cross-section the configuration of the blowing head. Shown is a polymer melt supply passageway 16 which is stepped down in size to about 0.0145 inch at the die tip orifice 17. The die tip orifice 17 is recessed about 0.090 inch. The polymer melt temperature can be from about 540F. to about 600F. for polypropylene.
Converging hot air slots 21 and 22 have a slot opening of about 0.067 inch and extend the width of the blowing head.
The length of the channels 21 and 22 is about 1.75 inches.
In operation, hot air is supplied to the hot air channels, creating a downward hot air flow which disrupts the polymer extrudate as it leaves the die tip. The hot air flow serves to draw out the extruded fibers and the flow rate can be used to control the resulting fiber diameter and the abrasiveness of the resulting meltblown layer. The lower hot air flow rates provide thicker fibers and higher flow rates create thinner fibers. The resulting extrudate melt fragments (meltblown fibers) are blown downwardly onto the travelling supporting web before they have sufficient time to solidify. Hence the meltblown fibers are deposited while in a semi-molten state s~fficient to permit the fibers to intimately thermally bond to the fibers of the supporting web. To achieve deposition of the meltblown fibers while still in a semi-molten state, it is necessary to properly 1316~
balance the polymer flow rate, the hot air flow rate, the diameter of the die tip orifice, and the distance between the die tip and the supporting web. To some degree these conditions occasionally occur inadvertently during commercial meltblown fiber operations where the resulting nonwoven material is referred to as "shotty" material and is rejected as waste material. However, consistent formation of such semi-molten material is essential for purposes of this invention.
As an example, it has been found that the abrasive material of this invention can be produced from the abovesaid apparatus and process using a polymer (SgOF.) flow rate through the die tip of about 1.1 pounds per inch of die tip width per hour, a hot air (533F.) flow rate through the die tip of about 75 standard cubic feet per minute (pressure differential of about 3 psi), and a distance between the die tip and the supporting web of about 14 inches. These conditions result in the deposition of semi-molten fibers having an average fiber diameter of about 50.8 micrometers, which is substantially thicker than conventional meltblown fibers, which typically have fiber diameters of about 7 micrometers.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a representa-tive abrasive wiping product of this invention. Shown is a meltblown layer 31 thermally bonded to a spunbonded supporting layer 32.
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional representation of a modified product of this invention, which has an abrasive meltblown layer of fibers 31 on both outer sides. Such a product can be manufactured using a web as shown in Figure 3 as the supporting web in the method illustrated in Figure 1.
Such a product can be particularly useful if differing degrees of abrasiveness are desired in a single product.
1316~9~
Figure 5 illustrates yet another embodiment of this invention having three plies and containing a detergent. Shown is a first outer ply 51 which comprises an abrasive meltblown/spunbonded web as illustrated in Figure 3 and having the meltblown layer facing outwardly, an inner ply of water-permeable nonwoven thermoplastic 52, and a second outer ply 53 comprising a water-permeable meltblown web. The second outer ply 53 may be of the same structure as the first outer ply 51, ie. an abrasive meltblown/spunbonded web as illustrated in Figure 3 and having the meltblown layer facing outwardly. In between the inner ply and the second outer ply is entrapped detergent 54. All three plies are suitably bonded about the periphery of the composite web at bonded areas 56 to retain the detergent and the integrity of the composite web~
In all of the product forms of this invention, it can be advantageous to impregnate the product with various additives, such as detergents, surfactants, cleaners, bleaches, perfumes, disinfectants, germicides, virucides, etc.
It will be appreciated that the foregoing examples, shown for purposes of illustration, are not to be construed as limiting the scope of this invention to only those embodiments specifically described. A wide variety of product embodiments can be constructed using the abrasive meltblown web and method of this invention.
Claims (11)
1. A layered abrasive web comprising a supporting layer and a meltblown abrasive layer thermally bonded together, said meltblown abrasive layer having a basis weight of from about 5 to about 25 grams per square meter and essentially consisting of fibers having an average fiber diameter of at least about 40 micrometers.
2. The web of Claim 1 wherein the supporting layer is spunbonded polypropylene.
3. The web of Claim 2 wherein the average fiber diameter is from about 40 to about 85 micrometers.
4. The web of Claim 2 wherein the average fiber diameter is about 50 micrometers.
5. A method for making an abrasive web comprising meltblowing a polymer melt through a die tip onto a supporting web in a semi-molten state such that upon contact with the supporting web the meltblown fibers thermally bond to the supporting web.
6. A wiping product comprising a first outer ply, an inner ply, and a second outer ply, said first outer ply comprising the layered abrasive web of Claim 2, the inner ply comprising a water-permeable nonwoven thermoplastic web, and the second outer ply comprising a water-permeable meltblown thermoplastic web, wherein each of said plies is commonly bonded together around the periphery of the wiping product and wherein a detergent is contained between said inner ply and said second outer ply.
7. The wiping product of claim 6 wherein the meltblown abrasive layer of the first outer ply comprises a polypropylene meltblown layer having fibers having an average diameter of from about 40 to 85 micrometers.
8. The wiping product of claim 6 or 7 wherein the second outer ply is the same as the first outer ply.
9. A wiping product comprising first and second outer plies, wherein each of the outer plies consists of the layered abrasive web of claim 1 having the abrasive layer of the web facing outwardly.
10. A method for making an abrasive web comprising meltblowing a polymer melt into fibers through a die tip in a semi-molten state onto a supporting web in other than a semi-molten state and composed of elements which are dimensionally distinct from the meltblown fibers state such that upon contact with the supporting web the meltblown fibers thermally bond to the supporting web.
11. A layered abrasive web comprising a supporting layer and a pair of outer meltblown abrasive layers firmly bonded to the supporting layer, each meltblown abrasive layer having a basis weight of from about 5 to about 25 grams per square meter and essentially consisting of fibers having an average fiber diameter of at least about 40 micrometers.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/859,172 US4659609A (en) | 1986-05-02 | 1986-05-02 | Abrasive web and method of making same |
US859,172 | 1992-03-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CA1316693C true CA1316693C (en) | 1993-04-27 |
Family
ID=25330246
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA 534769 Expired - Fee Related CA1316693C (en) | 1986-05-02 | 1987-04-15 | Abrasive web and method of making same |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4659609A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0244934A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6328570A (en) |
KR (1) | KR870011304A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1316693C (en) |
FI (1) | FI871193A0 (en) |
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- 1987-03-13 EP EP19870302174 patent/EP0244934A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-03-18 FI FI871193A patent/FI871193A0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1987-04-15 CA CA 534769 patent/CA1316693C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-05-01 JP JP62108781A patent/JPS6328570A/en active Pending
- 1987-05-01 KR KR870004270A patent/KR870011304A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4659609A (en) | 1987-04-21 |
EP0244934A2 (en) | 1987-11-11 |
JPS6328570A (en) | 1988-02-06 |
KR870011304A (en) | 1987-12-22 |
FI871193A0 (en) | 1987-03-18 |
EP0244934A3 (en) | 1989-11-02 |
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MKLA | Lapsed |