CA1328519C

CA1328519C - Spunbonded fabric of polyethylene blends

Info

Publication number: CA1328519C
Application number: CA 581277
Authority: CA
Inventors: John O. Bieser; Stephen P. Krupp; Edward N. Knickerbocker
Original assignee: Dow Chemical Co
Current assignee: Dow Chemical Co
Priority date: 1987-10-27
Filing date: 1988-10-26
Publication date: 1994-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2011-04-12
Also published as: FI893134A; EP0314151A2; US4842922A; DE3887630D1; FI97971B; FI893134A0; ATE101209T1; NO901855L; EP0314151A3; NO307709B1; FI97971C; KR0138657B1; ES2050137T3; WO1989003856A1; NO901855D0; KR890701686A; EP0314151B1; DE3887630T2

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Blends of high molecular weight linear poly-ethylene and low molecular weight linear polyethylene provide improved fiber-forming capabilities over that found with either polymer taken alone. Preferably at least one of the polymers used in the blend is a linear low density polyethylene, LLDPE, which is a linear polyethylene comprising ethylene copolymerized with an amount of a higher alpha-olefin which causes the density of the copolymer to be less than that of a homopoly-mer made using the same process and catalyst.
The higher alpha-olefin can be at least one in the C3-C12 range, preferably in the C4-C8 range.

Description

SPUNBONDED FABRIC OF POLYETHYLENE BLENDS

Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) is an ethylene polymer prepared using a coordination catalyst in the same manner used in preparing linear high density polyethylene (HDPE), and is actually a copolymer of ethylene and at least one higher alpha-olefin. The expression "linear polyethylene" includes those polyethylenes which have from 0 percent to about 30 percent of at least one higher alpha-olefin of 3 to 12 O carbon atoms copolymerized with the ethylene. Linear polyethylenes which contain a positive amount of at least one higher alpha-olefin will, because of the presence of the higher alpha-olefin in the polymer chain, have a lower density than those which contains none of the comonomer.
It i 9 known from EP 154~197 published September 11, 1985 that linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) can be made into fibers by melt-spinning and that even very fine fibers can be produced.
It is known from U-S- Patent 4,578,414 that wettable fibers of polyethylene, including LLDPE, can i ., ~ 36,260-F _1_ , P,~

, -2- 1 32 ~ 51 q be prepared from polyethylene having incorporated therein certain wetting agents.
The manufacture of LLDPE is disclosed, e. g., in U.S. Patent 4,076,698, which discloses that the LLDPE can be extruded as a monofilament and then cold drawn. It is shown as being a copolymer of ethylene and at least one other higher alpha-olefin. The density of the LLDPE is dependent on the chain length and amount of the higher alpha-olefin in the copolymer.
Whereas LLDPE has been introduced in the market place as a polymer suitable for making fibers, it is known that not all versionq and varietie~ of LLDPE are entirely adequate for commercial production of spun-bonded fibers and the fabric strength of spun-bonded ; fabrics has generally been significantly less than fabrics made from spun-bonded polypropylene fibers.
U.S. Patent 4,644,045 discloses that there is a very narrow critical range of LLDPE properties which is ; suitable for making spun-bonded webs and discloses ways of measuring various polymer properties.
It is recognized in the art of making LLDPE
polymers that the density of the LLDPE is affected by the amount and kind of olefin comonomer which is copolymerized with the ethylene and, to some extent, by the process conditions and catalyst used. A given mole per¢ent of, e.g., propylene in the copolymer will reduce the density o~ the polyethylene less than the ~ame mole percent of a higher olefin comonomer. The MFR (melt flow rate) is also affected to some degree by ' the kind and amount of ole~in comonomer in the copolymer, and is also af~ected to some extent by the coordination catalyst used, the polymerization y 36,260-F -2-i :, ~ . .

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. ~3~ 1328519 conditions, and/or by any telogens or chain regulators or other reactants which may be present during polymerization.
It i9 al~o recognized in the art that there are important distinctions between linear polyethylenes (which includes LLDPE polymers), and branched-chain ethylene polymers, which are made using a free-radical catalyst and are generally referred to as LDPE (low density polyethylene), and were also known in the past as ICI-type polyethlyene and as HPPE (high pressure polyethylene). This disclosure deals with linear polyethylenes.
We have now found that blends of linear polyethylene, especially LLDPE, having certain properties, are surprisingly well suited for making spun-bonded webs and yield products having strengths more competitive with those attalnable in spun-bonded webs of polypropylene, and furthermore the blends are also particularly well suited for making other forms of fibers such as staple fibers and products made from suah other fibers.
In one aspect, the invention is perceived as a means for lmproving the fiber-making capability of high molecular weight linear polyethylene, especially LLDPE
polymers, by blending it wlth a low molecular weight linear polyethylene, ~ In another aspect it i~ perceived as a blend of :' high and low moleoular weight linear polyethylenes, especially LLDPE, said blend being particularly well sulted i70r spunbondlng ln oommer~lal operations.

36,260-F _3_ '.' f~-~3 .

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~ ~2851 9 In yet another aspect, it is perceived as a means for improving the strength of spunbonded webs and fabrics of linear polyethylene, by using a blend of high molecular welght linear polyethylene and low molecular weight linear polyethylene, e~pecially where either one or both of the polymers are of the LLDPE variety. Most preferably, both of the linear polymers are of the LLDPE variety.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provide a spunbonded fabric or web prepared from a blend of linear polyethylenes suitable for spunbonding to produce fiber sizes of smaller than 3 denier/filament, wherein said blend comprises (A) hlgh molecular weight linear polyethylene having a melt index measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238, Condition E
(190 /2.16) within the range between 0.5 to 25 g/10 minutes and a density above 0.91 g/cm3, and (B) low molecular weight linear polyethylene having a melt index measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238, Conditlon E
(190C/2.16) greater than 25 g/10 mlnutes and a density above 0.91 g/cm , sald fabric or web being prepared therefrom and I exhibiting improved properties over that prepared from the high j molecular weight llnear polyethylene alone.
Accordlng to a further aspect o the pre~ent lnventlon there 18 provlded a method $or lmproving the spunbondlng capablllty of a high molecular weight linear polyethylene in a spunbonded proce~s, said method comprising J, (A) blending wlth the high molecular weight llnear j polyethylene a sufflcient amount of low molecular weight linear :, ~
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- , 1 32851 ~
- 4a - 64693-4304 polyethylene to produce a blend which is spunbondable at a throughput rate and a linear spinning velocity suitable to produce a fiber size of smaller than 3 denier/filament ln commercial operations, said high molecular weight linear polyethylene having a melt index measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238, Condition E
(190C/2.16) within the range between 0.5 to 25 g/10 minutes, and said low molecular weight linear polyethylene having a melt index measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238, Condition E (190/2.16J
greater than 25 g/10 minutes, and (B) spunbonding said blend to a fiber size of smaller than 3 denier/filament.
Blends wherein a high molecular weight linear polyethylene, especially LLDPE, and a low molecular weight linear polyethylene, especially LLDPE, are uniformly blended and used in making fibers, are found to exhibit not only the good hand, softness, and drape which one might expect of a linear poly-ethylene, especially the LLDPE variety, but a spunbonded web (fabric) of surprisingly high strength iB produced at spinning rates whlch are very suitable for commercial operations.
The LLDPE resin used for the high molecular weight portion of the blend of the present invention can be any which contains an amount of a C3 to C12 olefln comonomer, aopolymerlzed wlth the ethylene, sufficient to yield a density in the range of 0.91 g/cm3 to 0.96 g/cm3, and ha~ a MFR of less than 25 g/10 min., preferably less than 20 g/10 min. Preferably, the comonomer is a C4 to C8 olefln, 6uch as butene-l, hexene-l, 4-methyl pentene-l, octene-l, and the like, e~peclally octene-l, and can be a mixture , . .
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1 32851 q - 4b - 64693-4304 of olefins such as butene/octene or hexene/octene. The above stated MFR ranges also apply to linear polyethylenes which contain no comonomer.

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~5- 132~519 The LLDPE resin used for the low molecular weight portion of the present blend can be any which contains an amount of C3 to C12 olefin comonomer, copolymerized with the ethylene, sufficient to yield a density in the range of 0.91 g/cm3 to 0.96 g/cm3, and has a MFR of greater than 25 g/10 min. preferably greater than 40 g/10 min. Preferably, the comonomer is a C4 to Cg olefin, such as butene-1, hexene-1, 4-methyl pentene-1, octene-1 or the like, especially octene-1, and can be a mixture of olefins such as butene/octene or hexene/octene. The above stated MFR ranges also apply to linear polyethylenes which contain no comonomer.
The melt flow rate (MFR) of the polymers is measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238 using Condition E (aka 190/2.16) unless otherwise specified and is a measurement of the amount (grams) of melted polymer which is extruded from the orifice of the melt index barrel in 10 minutes. The MFR, often referred to as melt index (MI), is an indication o~ relative molecular ; weight, with a given MFR numerical value indicating a 3 higher molecular weight than a greater MFR numerical value.
Cone die melt flow (here called "CDMF") is a measurement made in a similar manner a~ MFR except that ` the melt indexer i9 modi~ied so that the "barrel"
j 30 through which the polymer is extruded is that of a 90 angle conical die and has a smaller orifice, and the weight applied to the polymer to extrude it through the ori~ice is le~s than the 2.16 kilograms of Condition E
of ASTM D-1238. The mea~urement of cone die melt flow is di~closed in the '045 patent discussed above; the patent discloses that a cone die melt flow of between 36,260-F _5_ :' ,.
~, . . . .

-6- 1 32~519 about 65 and 85 grams/ten minues is one of the critical properties required of a LLDPE polymer in order to be spunbonded.
The tensile strength of thermally bonded webs (fabrics) is measured on 1-inch by 4-inch (2.54 cm by 10.16 cm) samples normalized to 1-ounce/yard2 (about 33.9 gm/m2) as "grams force at break". The tenacity of fibers is measured as "grams/denier".

It has been found to be difficult to make spun-bonded webs (fabrics) of linear polyethylene (including LLDPE), especially at the high production rates normally desired in commercial operations, which have more than about 50 percent of the tensile strength (tenacity) of fabrics obtained in spunbonded polypropylene. Greater strength of spun-bonded linear polyethylene, including LLDPE, i9 desirable in various products, such as, for example, diaper cover stock, medical garments and feminine hygiene products.
Since spun-bonded fabrics have continuous filaments splayed down over a substrate, such as a moving belt, using a melt drawn system with air as the motive force, the requirements for a resin which can undergo this melt draw are quite demandlng. These , include, e. g., (a) 1.0 to 1.2 grams/minute/hole throughput rates, (b) linear spinning velocities of at least 3500, preferably as much as 4000 or more, meters per minute, (c) fine diameter fibers corresponding to a denier/fil-ament size o~ less than 3.0, preferably as small as 2.5 or smaller, (larger denier/filament sizes - are more easily obtained by many polymers), and (d) air pressure sufficient to assure random fiber distribution.
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~7~ l 32 8~1 9 This rapid draw-down of the filaments into fine diameter fiber~ under these desirable conditions makes spunbonding with a relatively high molecular weight resin very difficult. While it is already realized that increasing molecular weight of a polymer results in an increased tenacity of articles formed from that resin, the increased molecular weight also results in much greater spunbonded processing problems. That is, the higher molecular weight linear polyethylenes ~ (including LLDPE) resins are not well suited for spunbonding at commercially viable and economical rates. What has not been known, other than the selection of a very narrow range of properties of the LLDPE shown in the '045 patent discussed above, is that there are unexpected benefits obtained by blending a low molecular weight LLDPE with a high molecular weight LLDPE, especially in spunbonding of the polymers.

For purposes of describing the present invention, a linear polyethylene, tincluding LLDPE) having a MFR value of less than 25, preferably less than 20, especially less than 5, and as low as 0.5, is considered to be in the high molecular weight range;
the lower the MFR value, the higher i9 the molecular weight. Linear polyethylene having a MFR value in the range of 25-40 may, in some aspects, be considered to be an "intermediate" molecular weight range, but in relating the present invention, it i9 considered as 3 being on the "high" end of the low molecular weight range. Llnear polyethylene having a MFR in the range above 40, especially above 45, iq considered to be in the low molecular weight range and i9 not conqidered (in relating the present invention) to be in an "intermediate" molecular weight range. Whereas MFR

; 36,260-F _7_ :;

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-8- 1 32~51 q values e~ceeding 300 can be used as the low molecular weight resin, especially if the high molecular weight portion of the present blend has a MFR value below 1 or 2, it is preferred that the MFR values of the low molecular weight resin be not more than 300, preferably not more than 250. Above 250-300 MFR, one might encounter problems such as diminished melt strength properties. In a general sense, one should consider that the lower the MFR value of the high molecular 0 weight resin, the greater the need to blend it with an ofP-setting amount of a linear polyethylene having a high MFR value as the low molecular weight resin.
One can calculate the MFR values and the density values of the polymers used in the blends of the present invention and obtain values which are reasonably close to the actual values obtained by actual measurement of the blend.
The following formula may be used to calculate the melt index of polymer blends:

ln blend = (fraction A)ln A + (Praction B) ln B
; 25 The following formula may be used to calculate the density of polymer blends:
pblend = (fraction A)pA ~ (fraction B)p8 The present invention (which employs, in a blend, an amount of low molecular weight llnear polyethylene whi¢h is effective in overcoming the deficiences of high molecular weight linear polyethylene in the making of spunbonded webs or Pabrics) enables one to utilize the high molecular weight linear polyethylene in the demanding processing , 36,260-F -8-.

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1 3285 1 ~

conditions oP spunbonding while ~ubstantially maintaining the inherent strength of the resin. This strength, when evaluated in fiber form and in bonded fabric ~orm, improves by as much as 60 percent. The strengths of thermally bonded fabric made from these higher molecular weight blended resins, approach the strength of typical commercial polypropylene-based fabrics by as much as 60 percent or more.
The spunbonded webs or fabrics prepared using the blends of the present invention can be made wettable by incorporating into one or both of the polymers certain additives such as in U.S. 4,578,414.
Furthermore, the addition of minor amounts of additive~, Quch as colorants and pigments is within the purview oP the present invention.
The webs or fabrics made using the present blends exhibit excellent softness, good gamma irradiation stability, high strength, and good thermal bondability to itself and to other thermoplastic films or webs, such as other polyolefins.
The ratio of high molecular weight linear polyethylene to low molecular weight linear poly-ethylene is largely dependent on the MFR of each.
Generally, the amount of low molecular weight polymer used in modiPying the high molecular weight polymer is desirably about the minimum amount needed to render the high molecular weight polymer procesqable at the desired splnning rate and denier size. Conversely, the amount of high molecular weight polymer added to the low molecular weight polymer is desirably an amount 36,260-F _9_ ,J...^ `
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~ . ~' ' ,' ' ~ ' -'- 1 3285 1 9 needed to render the low molecular polymer processable at the desired spinning rate and denier ~ize.
The following examples illustrate some embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1 A high molecular weight LLDPE copolymer (ethylene/1-octene) having a density of about 0.930 g/cm3 and a MFR o~ about 18 is dry blended, in particulate form, with a low molecular weight LLDPE
copolymer (also ethylene/1-octene) having a density of about 0.930 and a MFR of about 205, with the latter comprising about 10 percent by weight of the blend.
The blend is fed into an extruder for melt-mixing and conveyed to the spin unit where the polymer melt blend i~ spun into fine filaments and melt drawn at high velocitieq typically used in spunbonding. The apparatus is specifically designed for this kind of operation and enables the polymer to undergo rapid draw down (from 600 micrometers to about 20 micrometers filament diameter) and rapid acceleration to about 4000 meters/min. in the space of about 3 meters.

The blend i9 spun at a throughput of about 1.2 g/min/hole, a linear spinning velocity of 4045 m/min, and a polymer melt temperature of about 195C. The measured titer oP the filaments formed under these condltlons is about 2.7 denier per filament. The physical properties include a tenacity of about 1.49 g/denier and elongation at break o~ about 163 peroent.
Optimized bonded ~abric strips exhibit tensiles (tenacity) of about 2400 grams at break (normalized to one ounce per square yard (gm/m~) fabric weight). The ~ , ~ 36,260-F -10-. j .
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- - 132g519 fabric tenacity is about 52 percent of the tenacity of the polypropylene tenacity, 4699, shown in Examples 8 and 11 below. In contrast to this the above-described LLDPE, with MFR of 18, when unblended exhibits a linear spinning velocity of only up to 3205 meters/min before excessive fiber breakage occurs and the fiber denier is above 3.
A test on the above polymer blend is performed as follows:
Fibers are collected continuously onto spools using a throughput rate necessary to achieve about the same ` denier per filament. Polymer temperature stays the same ; as above. The air gun is not used in this test because of the randomization of the filament splay and the difficulty in separation of individual filaments. After collection of sufficient sample size, ~he fibers are cut off of the collection spool and cut into 1.5-inch (3.81 cm) staple fibers. One and one quarter gram samples of these staple fibers are weighed out and formed into slivers using a Rotoringtm (manufactured by and a trademark of Spinlab, Inc., now Zellweger Uster, lnc.);
a sliver is an ordered collection of fibers such that the fiber ends are randomized while the fibers themselves are all paralleled. The structure is about 10 cm wide by about 25.4 cm long after gently opening the sliver tow. This opened sliver tow is then fed into a Beloit Wheeler calender bonder for thermal tie down of the filaments where pressure and temperature are adjusted for optimal honding conditions and fabric strength.
The fibers produced from the blend described above are found to have optimum bonding conditions at a top roll (or embossed roll with about 20 percent land area) temperature of about 1140C and a bottom roll .1 .
~ 36,260 F
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(smooth roll) temperature of about 117C. The bonding pressure is found to be optimal at about 700 psig (4927.9 kPa) or about 199 pli (pounds per linear inch) (90.3 kgs/linear 2.54 cm or 35.6 kgq/linear cm). After forming a sufficient number of thermally bonded fabrics under the same bonding conditions, a single sample is cut out of each bonded strip which measures 2.54 by 10.16 cm inches. These samples are individually weighed and then tensiled by use of an Instron tensile tester affixed with a data systems adapter for measuring and recording load and displacement. The mean value of the force required to break this fabric strip, normalized to one ounce per square yard weight, is about 2397 grams (bonded fabric tenacity), with a standard deviation of about 8.7 percent. The percent strain at peak (elongation) of these fabrics average 41 percent with a standard deviation of 4 percent.

Examples 2-11 which follow are done in substantially the same manner as Example 1.
Exam~le 2 tFor Comparison With The Present Invention) A commercially available LLDPE (eth/octene) having a MFR value of about 30 and a density of about 0.940 g/cm3 is spunbondable using throughputs of about , 1.2 gm/min./hole on a spinneret, at a linear velocity ; oP about 4481 meters/min., and high air pressure to produce Pilaments o~ about 2.4-denier. Fabric made from resulting ~iber has 1" (2.54 cm) strip tensile strength of 1531 grams-to-break, which is less than 35 percent of the tenacity (about 4700) of a fabric from a commercially available fiber-grade polypropylene.
, 35 1, 36,260-F -12-', ;
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, Example 3 A blend comprising 50 percent by weight of HDPE
(52 MFR, 0.953 density) and 50 percent by weight of LLDPE (eth/octene, 12 MFR, 0.936 density) is found to have a bonded web peak strip tensile of about 2400 gms.
Example 4 (for comparison; not claimed invention) A LLDPE (ethylene/octene) having a MFR of 105 and a density of 0.953 is found to have a maximum - bonded web tensile strength of 1450 gms. The bonded web is formed using an embossing roll at 236F (about 113C) and a smooth roll at 240F (about 116C) at a bonding pressure of 75 PLI (pounds per linear inch) (13.4 kgs/linear cm).
ExamDle 5 (for comparison; not claimed invention) A LLDPE (ethylene/octene) having a MFR of 105 and density of 0.93 is ~ound to have a maximum bonded web tensile strength of 1066 gms. The bonded web is formed using an embossing roll at 224F tabout 107C) and a smooth roll at 228F (about 109C) at a bonding presqure of 75 PLI (13.4 kgs/linar cm).
ExamDle 6 A blend comprising 90 percent by weight of LLDPE (ethylene/octene, 18 MFR, 0.93 density) and 10 3 percent by weight of LLDPE (ethylene/octene, 105 MFR, 0.93 density) is found to have a peak bonded fabric tenacity of 2061 gms. By calculation the blend has 22 MFR and 0.93 density.

36,260-F _13_ .
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, . .. ~ , -14- 1 3~8519 Exam~le 7 A blend commprising 90 percent by weight of LLDPE (ethylene/octene, 18 MFR, 0.93 density) and 10 percent by weight LLDPE (ethylene/octene, 205 MFR, 0.93 density) is used in making a bonded web (fabric) at 236F (embossed roll) and 240F (smooth roll) at 200 PLI
(35.7 kgs/linear cm) bonding pressure is found to have a gms force at break of 2073. The same blend is used in making a bonded fabric (web) at 238F (embossed roll) and 242F (smooth roll) at 200 PLI (35.7 kgs/linear cm) and is found to have a gms. force at break of 2398.
Exam~le 8 (for comparison; not claimed invention) A commercially available fiber-grade polypropylene (PP) is spun into fibers and made into a heat-bonded fabric. The PP had a 15.6 MFR (~190C) and ; 0.91 den-qity. The following data indicates tenacity and temperature for 5 tests:
:, _ __~L~ ~

Bonding Temp.C 138 138 140 288 144 25(embossed/smooth) ~ 140 142 144 1~7 ., _ . . .,_ ._ _ PLI (kgs/linearcm) 75 224 200 200 200 (13.4) (40) (35-7) (35 7) (35-7) . . ._ ._ _ Gms. Force at Break 2980 34854699 4307 3881 (normalized) _ _ _ _ 3 ~stick point ~ .
36,260-F -14-~.~
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Example 9 A blend comprising 50 percent by weight of LLDPE (12 MFR, 0.935 density) and 50 percent by weight of LLDPE (105 MFR, 0.953 density) is spun into fibers and a bonded web (fabric) is obtained. The blend has a calculated MFR of 35.5 and density of 0.944. Bonding temperature and tenacity is shown below at different bonding pressures.

8Onding Temp.~C I118 1 l 18 ~embossed/smooth) 120 120 PLI (kgs/linear cm) 75 200 (13.4) (35.7) Gms. Force at Break 2355 2297 (normal ized) Exam~le 10 A blend comprising 70 percent by weight ofLLDPE (18 MFR, 0.93 density) and 30 percent by weight of LLDPE (105 MFR, 0.953 density) and having a calculated MFR o~ 30.5 and density of 0.937, iQ spun into fibers and bonded a~ a fabrlc in 3 tests; data i9 shown below:

36,260-F _15_ j:"
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1 ~2851 9 ¦Bonding Temp.C 1 2 117 (embossed/smooth) 117 118 119 PLI (kg/linearcm) 200 200 200 (35 7) (35 7) (35 7) Gms. Force at Break 2190 2243 2586 ~normalized) ExamPle 11 The following blends of LLDPE prepared for use 15 in accordance with the present invention: .
_ _ . _ _ ._ Calc. for Blend Resin Blend Components _ _ _ _ M FRDensity A 90% (18 MFR,0.93 dens.) 23 0 93 10% (205 MFR,0.93 dens.) .
B 95% (13 MFR,0.93 dens ) 20 0 93 4.75% (205 MFR,0.93 dens.) 0.25% 5wetting agent)*
C 90% (18 MFR, 0.93 dens.) 22 4 0 93 9.5% (205 MFR,0.93 dens.) .
0.5% (wetting agent)*
D 90iO (18 MFR,0.93 dens.) 21.5 0.932 10% (105 MFR,0.953 dens.) . __ *The wetting agent is of the type disclosed in U.S. 4,578,114.
The above blends are compared with a commercially available fiber-grade polypropylene (PP) and with 3 different unblended LLDPE's, identified in the following Table as PE-l, PE-2, and PE-3. PE-l is ' 36,260-F -16-, - . ~, . .. , ~ . :

~ 17- 1 3~85 1 9 an LLDPE (30 MFR, 0.94 density). PE-2 is an LL~PE (26 MFR, 0.94 density). PE-3 i~ an LLDPE (18 MFR, 0.93 density). The "Target" denote~ the range or quantity sought to be reached, or surpassed, in a commercially-acceptable re~in to compete well with the fabricstrength attainable with Piber-grade polypropylene, or with the speed of draw and the fiber denier.
.

10 3~M VelocitY¦ Min Denier ¦ FabrlC

Target 1 1.2 ~3500 3.0 s >2000 PE- 1 1.2 4481 2.41 1531 PE-2 1.2 4900 2.2 1855 PE-3 1.2 3200-3600 3-3.4 2327 PP 1.2 4150 2.6 4699*
A 1.2 4045 2.7 2400 q ,~ , _ _ ~, B 1.2 3576 3 0 N.M.**
C 1.2 4090 2.64 N.M.
! D 1.2 3900 2.75 ~2400 , ,, * Optimized bonding temperature (see Ex.8 where range is **NM means not measured.

;~ Note ln the above Table that PE-l and PE-2 met the "target" except for the tenaclty. PE-3 met the tenacity target, but not the denier target and was marglnal with respect to the velocity target. Resins A
and D (blends oP the present invention) met all the targets and were closer to the PP tenacity target than any oP the others. Reqin~ A, B, C, and D met or ex¢eeded the fiber-forming requirement~ of the target.

36,260-F _17_ ~. , : - .
.~ -- , In the foregoing examples, all the blend~
involved were dry-blended and then fed directly into the fiber spinning extruder. However the blend of Example 13 below was melt-blended before being fed to the fiber spinning extruder. ThiA illustrate~ the versatility of the polymers uqed in the present invention.
ExamPle 12. (for comparison; not example of claimed invention) A LLDPE (ethylene/octene copolymer) having a MFR of about 30 gm/10 min. and a density of about 0.94 gm/oc is spun-bonded on large (commercial -qize) equipment at a rate of 1.2 gm/min./hole, and 3900 m/min. to obtain fibers at 2.75 denier, and an optimized fabric of tenacity (MD) of about 1370 grams.
Example 13.
A blend comprised of 90 percent LLDPE (18 MFR, 0.930 density) and 10 percent LLDPE (105 MFR, 0.953 density) is prepared which exhibits a MFR of about 21.5 and a density of about 0.932. It i9 spunbonded on large (commercial size) equipment at a throughput of 1.2 gm/min./hole, and velocity of 3900 m/min., to obtain fibers of about 2.75 denler, and an unoptimized fabric tenacity o~ about 1600, which is about 15 percent improvement over the optimized fabric tenacity of the unblended 30 MFR, 0.940 density LLDPE of Example 12 above which is alqo spun on oommercial size equipment. The fabrio made from the blend rebonded to simulate optimized bonding, resulted in a Pabrio tenaoity of about 2081 gm~.

36,260-F -18-j ;.

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Claims

1. A spunbonded fabric or web prepared from a blend of linear polyethylenes suitable for spunbonding to produce fiber sizes of smaller than 3 denier/filament, wherein said blend comprises (A) high molecular weight linear polyethylene having a melt index measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238, Condition E (190°C/2.16) within the range between 0.5 to 25 g/10 minutes and a density above 0.91 g/cm3, and (B) low molecular weight linear polyethylene having a melt index measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238, Condition E (190°C/2.16) greater than 25 g/10 minutes and a density above 0.91 g/cm3, said fabric or web being prepared therefrom and exhibiting improved properties over that prepared from the high molecular weight linear polyethylene alone.

2. The spunbonded fabric or web of Claim 1 wherein the ratio of the high molecular weight linear polyethylene and low molecular weight linear polyethylene is sufficient to provide a blend having a MFR in the range of 25 to 100 g/10 minutes and a density of 0.91 g/cm3 to 0.96 g/cm3.

3. The spunbonded fabric or web of Claim 1 wherein at least one of the linear polyethylenes comprises a copolymer of ethylene with at least one C3 to C12 olefin.

4. The spunbonded fabric or web of Claim 1 wherein each of the linear polyethylenes comprises a copolymer of ethylene with at least one C4 to C8 olefin.

5. The spunbonded fabric or web of Claim 1 wherein at least one of the linear polyethylenes is LLDPE comprising a copolymer of ethylene and octene-1.

6. The spunbonded fabric or web of Claim 1 wherein at least one of the linear polyethylenes is LLDPE comprising a copolymer of ethylene and butene.

7. The spunbonded fabric or web of Claim 1 wherein each of the linear polyethylenes is LLDPE
comprising a copolymer of ethylene and octene.

8. A method for improving the spunbonding capability of a high molecular weight linear polyethylene in a spunbonded process, said method comprising (A) blending with the high molecular weight linear polyethylene a sufficient amount of low molecular weight linear polyethylene to produce a blend which is spunbondable at a throughput rate and a linear spinning velocity suitable to produce a fiber size of smaller than 3 denier/filament in commercial operations, said high molecular weight linear polyethylene having a melt index measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238, Condition E (190°C/2.16) within the range between 0.5 to 25 g/10 minutes and a density above 0.91 g/cm3, and said low molecular weight linear polyethylene having a melt index measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238, Condition E
(190°C/2.16) greater than 25 g/10 minutes and a density above 0.91 g/cm3.
(B) spunbonding said blend to a fiber size of smaller than 3 denier/filament.

9. The method of Claim 8 wherein said throughput rate is a commercial rate of about 1.0 to about 1.2 grams/minute/hole.

10. The method of Claim 8 wherein said linear spinning velocity is at least about 3500 meters per minute.