CA2075018A1 - Waste disposal landfill having subsurface impermeable sheets which can be monitored with respect to their impermeability - Google Patents
Waste disposal landfill having subsurface impermeable sheets which can be monitored with respect to their impermeabilityInfo
- Publication number
- CA2075018A1 CA2075018A1 CA002075018A CA2075018A CA2075018A1 CA 2075018 A1 CA2075018 A1 CA 2075018A1 CA 002075018 A CA002075018 A CA 002075018A CA 2075018 A CA2075018 A CA 2075018A CA 2075018 A1 CA2075018 A1 CA 2075018A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- impermeable
- monitoring
- waste disposal
- landfill
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002633 protecting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOACKFBJUYNSLK-XRKIENNPSA-N Estradiol Cypionate Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H](C4=CC=C(O)C=C4CC3)CC[C@@]21C)C(=O)CCC1CCCC1 UOACKFBJUYNSLK-XRKIENNPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N (2s)-2-[(s)-(2-iodophenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1O[C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H]1OCCNC1 BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSMXQKNUPPXBRG-SECBINFHSA-N (R)-lisofylline Chemical compound O=C1N(CCCC[C@H](O)C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 NSMXQKNUPPXBRG-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000001324 CD59 Antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010055167 CD59 Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000736839 Chara Species 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000950314 Figura Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100340610 Mus musculus Igdcc3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000018734 Sambucus australis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000180577 Sambucus australis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013367 dietary fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoate Chemical compound CNC(=O)CSP(=S)(OC)OC MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010520 ghee Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/40—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using electric means, e.g. by observing electric discharges
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A WASTE DISPOSAL LANDFILL HAVING SUBSURFACE IMPERMEABLE
SHEETS WHICH CAN BE MONITORED WITH RESPECT TO THEIR IMPERMEABILITY
A waste disposal landfill has at least one subsurface impermeable sheet for containing and directing fluid runoff from the site. This impermeable sheet can be remotely monitored with respect to its impermeability to verify that there are no breaks in the sheet and that no waste is passing therethrough.
A WASTE DISPOSAL LANDFILL HAVING SUBSURFACE IMPERMEABLE
SHEETS WHICH CAN BE MONITORED WITH RESPECT TO THEIR IMPERMEABILITY
A waste disposal landfill has at least one subsurface impermeable sheet for containing and directing fluid runoff from the site. This impermeable sheet can be remotely monitored with respect to its impermeability to verify that there are no breaks in the sheet and that no waste is passing therethrough.
Description
2075~8 A WASTE DISPOS~L l.ANDFILL HAVING SU~SURFACE IMp~RMEAsLE
SHE~TS WHICH CAN BE MO~ITOR~;D WITH RESPECT ~O TH~IR IMPERMEABILITY
BAGKG~OUND OF THE I~VE~TIO~
1. Field of the Invention:
_ The in~ention relate~ to a waste di~posal landfill having at least one subsurface impermeable ~heet ~o contain and direc~ fluid runoff from ~he ~i~e, which impermeable sheet can be remotely monitored wieh respect to its impermeability to verif~ ~hat no waste ~s pa~ing ~herethrough. ~ore par~icularly, ~he lnven~ion relates to an impermeable ~hee~l such a~ tho~e used ln a waste dispo6al landfill, the impermeability of which 6heet can be re-motely monitored to verify the integrity o the ~heet.
SHE~TS WHICH CAN BE MO~ITOR~;D WITH RESPECT ~O TH~IR IMPERMEABILITY
BAGKG~OUND OF THE I~VE~TIO~
1. Field of the Invention:
_ The in~ention relate~ to a waste di~posal landfill having at least one subsurface impermeable ~heet ~o contain and direc~ fluid runoff from ~he ~i~e, which impermeable sheet can be remotely monitored wieh respect to its impermeability to verif~ ~hat no waste ~s pa~ing ~herethrough. ~ore par~icularly, ~he lnven~ion relates to an impermeable ~hee~l such a~ tho~e used ln a waste dispo6al landfill, the impermeability of which 6heet can be re-motely monitored to verify the integrity o the ~heet.
2. Background Information:
In order eo keep pollutants from seeping into deeper layerg of the ground under a wa~te dlspo~al landfill, a multilayer struc-~ure of impermeable sheet~ of pla6~ic are typically used. Each of these layers can drain into ~eparate drain~ge tube~, and ~he drainage tubes themselves can drain into in~pection pits, Thu~, one method of monitoring the integrity of the sheets i~ to analyze ~he drainage in the in~pection pi~9 for pollutant8. Such a de~ign of wa6te disposal landfill including mean~ ~or monitorlng ~he drainage, however, is expenslve and thus not always fe~3ible. In addition, t~e conte~t of the seepage water discharged from the tubes into the in6pection pit~ eanno~ be easily moni~ored ~t a remo~e site, and generally must be in~pected on ~i~e at least by ~nIL-SS~10 CA
2~75018 collecting a runoff sample and taking it to be analyzed by an analys~ laboratory.
OBJECT OF TH~ INVENTION
The object of the present inventlon 1~ therefore to overcome the moni~oring problems of landfill ~ites by providing 2 double layer impermeable pla~tic 6hee~ which i~ easy to manufacture and which offer~ a ~eans of monitoring the impermeability of the ~wo plastic sheet6l which monitoring is both effective and can be performed automatically at a remoee ~ite.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This task i~ ~olved according to ehe present inventlon by providing waste dispo~al landfills wieh an arrangement of impermeable 8heets, preferably of a plastic materi~l, which ~heets preferably have embedded therebetween a moni~orin~ layer made of an elecerlcally conduc~ve sub~tance. One embodiment of the ~heets therefose can compri~e ~ double layer impermeable plas~ic sheet having an electricall~ conductive pla6tic layer therebetween, W~ uch an arrangemen~, the electric conductivity o the monitoring layer may be monitored, including remote moni-toring, to detect the penetration of moi~ture on~o the monitoring layer throu~h one of the a~tached imper~eable pla8tic ~heet~. ~ny such penetration of moisture into the monieoring layer would es-sentially change ~he electrieal conductivity of the conductive sub3tsnce in the monitoring layer, thereby providing a mean~ for monitoring the integrity of the sheet~ with respec~ to the;r impermeability, 207~018 One type of ghee~ which h~s been used in landfill sites in^
cluded a three layer impermeable shee~ having two outer plastic layers and an aluminum layer embedded therebet~een. Howe~er, the overall 3tructure of this ~hree layer impermeable sheet was in-tended to actively pre~ent the seepage of various pollutants therethrough by providin~ the ma~erial with added punc~ure strength. Therefore, due to the high electrical cond~ctivity of t~e aluminum, (resistivity ~ 2.6548 mic~oohm-cm, or conductivi~y 37.667 X 106 S/m) whic~ conductivity would be changed by leakage only to a minor degree~ the ~luminum sheet ls not con~enlen~ly suited to be used to monitor ~he impermeability of the adjoinin~
plas~ic 8heets by ~ensing the conductlvity.
In contrast thereto, the double layer impermeable pla~tic sheet of the pre~ent invention, whose outer layers are preferably made of impermeable pla6tic, or polymer, such ~s high density polyethylene, or PE~D, can be excellently 3uited for a simple connece~on with ~he monitoring layer. The monitoring layer can preferably be embedded between the two outer P~D layers, a~d the ~onitoring layer can also preferably be made from PEHD, however, preferably of the electrically conductive type of P~HD. Typical cond~ctive polymers can have low conductivities, or conductivitle6 on the oxder of about 1 to aboue 10 16 SJcm a~ 25~C.
Many waste deposit sites have been buil~ with tubings and molded parts for tubing systems manufactured from an electrically conducti~e pla~tic, o~ polyethylene, which can simply be referred to a~ PE-el. The same applies to plate material, for example for ~07~8 pl. linings, where an electrically conductlve outer su~face s required for safety reasons to prevent a statlc charging and thus avoid an explosive rlsk.
The inventive arrangemen~ of ~he present inventlon, ~hat is, a plastic, or pol~mer, of the elec~rically conductive type ~and-wiched be~ween two outer lay~rs, may be used in a number of dif-ferent types of construction. For example, the conducti~e layer may be placed between two ~mooth impermeable shee~ as well as bet~een two impermea~le sheet~ having ~tructure outside, or exterior surfaces. I~ i8 also po~sible ~o employ the plas~i~
conductive layer of PEHD, in an electrically conductive m~nner, in so-cslled protecting plates o concrete for the protection of concrete layers. Such concrete protection plates can also utilize the two outer layers of PEHD. A further use of the arrangament o~
the present invention consi~t~ in the posslbility o~ usin~ the double layer imper~eable plastic 6heet with the embedded monitoring layer of electrically conductive PEHD the~ein a~ compo-nents of a double wall for container and pit construction~
A device for monitorlng conductlvl~y of ~he sheet9 which device could include a resistivity meter that measures resi~tivity chan~es, can be connected to the moni~orin~ layer of electrically conductive PEHD to mea~ure resisti~ity changes of the electrically conductive PE~D-layer. Thus, when the conductive PEH~ layer come~
into cot~tacC with seepage water passing ~hrough one of t~e pla~ic layer~, a resi6tivity change can be detected and read on the meter.
2~75018 An ~lternative ~eans of monitoring can lnclude a device for moni~or~ng a current which is driven ~hrough the monltorlng layer by means of a voltage uni~. Such a current would al80 be depen-dent on the electric conductivity and thu~ also on the seepage waSer getting ~nto, or coming in con~ac~ with, the elec~rically conductive PEHD-layer.
In summary, one aspect of the invention reside~ broadly in a waste disposal landfill for containing fLuid runo~f from wastes depo~ited in ~he land~ill. T~e w~te dlgposal l~ndfill compri3es at least one moisture impermeable sheet for being disposed under the l~ndfill. The at least one mois~ure impermeable sheet com-prisea: at least a fir8t and a second layer of a moisture impermea~le m~terial, a moisture-sensitive conducti~e ~aterial disposed between the at least a fir3c and a ~eeond layer, and apparatus for monitoring conduc~ivity o~ the conduc~ive mater~al.
Another aspec~ of the inven~ion re~ides broadly in an ~r-rangement of impermeable sheet6 of plastic material which ~re suited to be monitored with respect to impermeability, in particu-lar in waste depo81ts, characteriæed in thak a monl~o~ing layer of electrically conductive high density polyethylene i~ embedded within a double layer impermeabl~ pla~ic sheet.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
~ orking examples of the invention and details thereof re illustrated in the following drawing~, ln which:
Figure la shows a cut away view of a wa~te dispo~al s~te using imperme~ble sheets to control water penetration into che esrth~
NHL-Sg-10 CA
2~7~8 ~ igure 1 ~how , in ~Pction, an arrangement for ~ plastlc sheet in which the monitoring layer i~ emhedd~d within a doubla l~yer, 3moQth-sur~ed impermeable pla~ti~ ~heet;
~ igure 2 show~, ~n ~çtion, an arr~ngem~t in which th~ moni-torlng l~yer i9 embedd~d within a dou~le layor, structured-~urf~c~
impermea~le 8heet; ~nd Figure 3 show~, in 3e~tion, a monitoring layer which i8 ~m-bedded within a concrete protecting plate m~de from PEHD.
DESCRIPTION OF T~ PRE~ERRED EM~ODIMEN~S
~ igure la shows o~a example of the construction of a wa~te disposal l~ndfill in whlch ~ev~ral impermea~le ~hee~ are first placed at-varying depths in the gro~nd below the site where the waste will be deposited. Such impermeable ~heet~ are g~er~lly dispo~ed below tho ground below the entire l~ndfill site ~o that any pollutantæ which might get into the w~ter ~rom tha w~te can not move int~ the neLghbo~ing ground ~round the land~ill. Such land~ill sites al80 typically will have drai~age mean~ ~o collect any runoff that doe~ sather in tha impermeable she~ts. ~he water collected ~n tho drainage ares can, i~ found to contain pollu-tants, be treated by treat~ant ~acilit~a~ (not ~hown) before let-t~ng the water into the environment.
~ owever, over ti~e, the integrity of ~he lmpermeable eheets, with regard to not permittlng pa~age of w~ter th~r~through, may decre~e and eventually seepage ~hrough the ~hcet may 1narea~e to a point where the ~its would hav~ to be reoon~tructed. In ~ypical in9tallations, the draiAage wat~r would normally be ~hecked ~o ~ee 207~18 i~ any pollutants passed through any of the lQyers. In general, presence of a pollutant in a lower layer would indicate ~hat a sheet i5 no longer i~permeable 9 tha~ i~, a hole ~ay h~ve developed in the sheet.
The present invention, as ~ho~n ~n ~he rem~inin8 figures, provides a means for monitoring the impermeability of the shee~s.
In Figure 1, the numerals 1 and 2 represent ~wo smooth layers of a double layer lmperme~ble plastic ~heet preferably made ~rom high densi~y polyethylene (PEHD). A monltoring layer 3 of PE~D of the electrically conductive type i9 preferably embedded between these two outer lsyers 1 and 2, and all three layers can be firmly adhered to each o~her.
Figura l also shows one manner in which the elec~ric conduc~ivity of the moni~oring layer can be moni~ored. F.lectrical con~ac~s 14 and 15 can be ~ade ~t at leagt two different site8 in the monitorlng layer, and d pending on the ~ize of the ~heet, several sets o~ contact6 may be desirable. An electric resistivity meter 4 can then be conneoted between a~y pair of contsct6 in the layer to measure the conduct~vity of the l~yer between the two contscts of ~he p~ir. As dlscu~sed previously, the electric conductivity of the monitoring layer will typically ~ary when the lstter come~ into contact with seepage wa~e~ or ocher moisture passing through either of layers 1,2 when the dou-ble imperme~ble msterial i8 built into the site of use.
Such a conductive polyethylene sheet 3 can be at least par-~ally porous, and thereby, when mois~ure penetrates one of the ~L-SS-10 2C~375018 o~ er layers 1 or 2, from ei~cher ~ide of -~he barrier, the moisture could po~sibly wiclc ~hrough the conduc~lve layer over ~
substantial por~ion of the distance between 14 and 15, thereby, when the conductlvity i9 mea~ured, an increa~e in conductivity~
due to the moisture, would be detected.
It i~ ~e~erally known ~hat conduc~ive polymer~, such as polyethylene have a molecular character that makes electron motion along individual macromoleculeg one-directlonal. Specific~lly, high densi~y polye~hylene i~ generally characterized by ~in~
unbranched chalns of e~hylene units forming a long s~rand, and can be represented by:
In order eo keep pollutants from seeping into deeper layerg of the ground under a wa~te dlspo~al landfill, a multilayer struc-~ure of impermeable sheet~ of pla6~ic are typically used. Each of these layers can drain into ~eparate drain~ge tube~, and ~he drainage tubes themselves can drain into in~pection pits, Thu~, one method of monitoring the integrity of the sheets i~ to analyze ~he drainage in the in~pection pi~9 for pollutant8. Such a de~ign of wa6te disposal landfill including mean~ ~or monitorlng ~he drainage, however, is expenslve and thus not always fe~3ible. In addition, t~e conte~t of the seepage water discharged from the tubes into the in6pection pit~ eanno~ be easily moni~ored ~t a remo~e site, and generally must be in~pected on ~i~e at least by ~nIL-SS~10 CA
2~75018 collecting a runoff sample and taking it to be analyzed by an analys~ laboratory.
OBJECT OF TH~ INVENTION
The object of the present inventlon 1~ therefore to overcome the moni~oring problems of landfill ~ites by providing 2 double layer impermeable pla~tic 6hee~ which i~ easy to manufacture and which offer~ a ~eans of monitoring the impermeability of the ~wo plastic sheet6l which monitoring is both effective and can be performed automatically at a remoee ~ite.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This task i~ ~olved according to ehe present inventlon by providing waste dispo~al landfills wieh an arrangement of impermeable 8heets, preferably of a plastic materi~l, which ~heets preferably have embedded therebetween a moni~orin~ layer made of an elecerlcally conduc~ve sub~tance. One embodiment of the ~heets therefose can compri~e ~ double layer impermeable plas~ic sheet having an electricall~ conductive pla6tic layer therebetween, W~ uch an arrangemen~, the electric conductivity o the monitoring layer may be monitored, including remote moni-toring, to detect the penetration of moi~ture on~o the monitoring layer throu~h one of the a~tached imper~eable pla8tic ~heet~. ~ny such penetration of moisture into the monieoring layer would es-sentially change ~he electrieal conductivity of the conductive sub3tsnce in the monitoring layer, thereby providing a mean~ for monitoring the integrity of the sheet~ with respec~ to the;r impermeability, 207~018 One type of ghee~ which h~s been used in landfill sites in^
cluded a three layer impermeable shee~ having two outer plastic layers and an aluminum layer embedded therebet~een. Howe~er, the overall 3tructure of this ~hree layer impermeable sheet was in-tended to actively pre~ent the seepage of various pollutants therethrough by providin~ the ma~erial with added punc~ure strength. Therefore, due to the high electrical cond~ctivity of t~e aluminum, (resistivity ~ 2.6548 mic~oohm-cm, or conductivi~y 37.667 X 106 S/m) whic~ conductivity would be changed by leakage only to a minor degree~ the ~luminum sheet ls not con~enlen~ly suited to be used to monitor ~he impermeability of the adjoinin~
plas~ic 8heets by ~ensing the conductlvity.
In contrast thereto, the double layer impermeable pla~tic sheet of the pre~ent invention, whose outer layers are preferably made of impermeable pla6tic, or polymer, such ~s high density polyethylene, or PE~D, can be excellently 3uited for a simple connece~on with ~he monitoring layer. The monitoring layer can preferably be embedded between the two outer P~D layers, a~d the ~onitoring layer can also preferably be made from PEHD, however, preferably of the electrically conductive type of P~HD. Typical cond~ctive polymers can have low conductivities, or conductivitle6 on the oxder of about 1 to aboue 10 16 SJcm a~ 25~C.
Many waste deposit sites have been buil~ with tubings and molded parts for tubing systems manufactured from an electrically conducti~e pla~tic, o~ polyethylene, which can simply be referred to a~ PE-el. The same applies to plate material, for example for ~07~8 pl. linings, where an electrically conductlve outer su~face s required for safety reasons to prevent a statlc charging and thus avoid an explosive rlsk.
The inventive arrangemen~ of ~he present inventlon, ~hat is, a plastic, or pol~mer, of the elec~rically conductive type ~and-wiched be~ween two outer lay~rs, may be used in a number of dif-ferent types of construction. For example, the conducti~e layer may be placed between two ~mooth impermeable shee~ as well as bet~een two impermea~le sheet~ having ~tructure outside, or exterior surfaces. I~ i8 also po~sible ~o employ the plas~i~
conductive layer of PEHD, in an electrically conductive m~nner, in so-cslled protecting plates o concrete for the protection of concrete layers. Such concrete protection plates can also utilize the two outer layers of PEHD. A further use of the arrangament o~
the present invention consi~t~ in the posslbility o~ usin~ the double layer imper~eable plastic 6heet with the embedded monitoring layer of electrically conductive PEHD the~ein a~ compo-nents of a double wall for container and pit construction~
A device for monitorlng conductlvl~y of ~he sheet9 which device could include a resistivity meter that measures resi~tivity chan~es, can be connected to the moni~orin~ layer of electrically conductive PEHD to mea~ure resisti~ity changes of the electrically conductive PE~D-layer. Thus, when the conductive PEH~ layer come~
into cot~tacC with seepage water passing ~hrough one of t~e pla~ic layer~, a resi6tivity change can be detected and read on the meter.
2~75018 An ~lternative ~eans of monitoring can lnclude a device for moni~or~ng a current which is driven ~hrough the monltorlng layer by means of a voltage uni~. Such a current would al80 be depen-dent on the electric conductivity and thu~ also on the seepage waSer getting ~nto, or coming in con~ac~ with, the elec~rically conductive PEHD-layer.
In summary, one aspect of the invention reside~ broadly in a waste disposal landfill for containing fLuid runo~f from wastes depo~ited in ~he land~ill. T~e w~te dlgposal l~ndfill compri3es at least one moisture impermeable sheet for being disposed under the l~ndfill. The at least one mois~ure impermeable sheet com-prisea: at least a fir8t and a second layer of a moisture impermea~le m~terial, a moisture-sensitive conducti~e ~aterial disposed between the at least a fir3c and a ~eeond layer, and apparatus for monitoring conduc~ivity o~ the conduc~ive mater~al.
Another aspec~ of the inven~ion re~ides broadly in an ~r-rangement of impermeable sheet6 of plastic material which ~re suited to be monitored with respect to impermeability, in particu-lar in waste depo81ts, characteriæed in thak a monl~o~ing layer of electrically conductive high density polyethylene i~ embedded within a double layer impermeabl~ pla~ic sheet.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
~ orking examples of the invention and details thereof re illustrated in the following drawing~, ln which:
Figure la shows a cut away view of a wa~te dispo~al s~te using imperme~ble sheets to control water penetration into che esrth~
NHL-Sg-10 CA
2~7~8 ~ igure 1 ~how , in ~Pction, an arrangement for ~ plastlc sheet in which the monitoring layer i~ emhedd~d within a doubla l~yer, 3moQth-sur~ed impermeable pla~ti~ ~heet;
~ igure 2 show~, ~n ~çtion, an arr~ngem~t in which th~ moni-torlng l~yer i9 embedd~d within a dou~le layor, structured-~urf~c~
impermea~le 8heet; ~nd Figure 3 show~, in 3e~tion, a monitoring layer which i8 ~m-bedded within a concrete protecting plate m~de from PEHD.
DESCRIPTION OF T~ PRE~ERRED EM~ODIMEN~S
~ igure la shows o~a example of the construction of a wa~te disposal l~ndfill in whlch ~ev~ral impermea~le ~hee~ are first placed at-varying depths in the gro~nd below the site where the waste will be deposited. Such impermeable ~heet~ are g~er~lly dispo~ed below tho ground below the entire l~ndfill site ~o that any pollutantæ which might get into the w~ter ~rom tha w~te can not move int~ the neLghbo~ing ground ~round the land~ill. Such land~ill sites al80 typically will have drai~age mean~ ~o collect any runoff that doe~ sather in tha impermeable she~ts. ~he water collected ~n tho drainage ares can, i~ found to contain pollu-tants, be treated by treat~ant ~acilit~a~ (not ~hown) before let-t~ng the water into the environment.
~ owever, over ti~e, the integrity of ~he lmpermeable eheets, with regard to not permittlng pa~age of w~ter th~r~through, may decre~e and eventually seepage ~hrough the ~hcet may 1narea~e to a point where the ~its would hav~ to be reoon~tructed. In ~ypical in9tallations, the draiAage wat~r would normally be ~hecked ~o ~ee 207~18 i~ any pollutants passed through any of the lQyers. In general, presence of a pollutant in a lower layer would indicate ~hat a sheet i5 no longer i~permeable 9 tha~ i~, a hole ~ay h~ve developed in the sheet.
The present invention, as ~ho~n ~n ~he rem~inin8 figures, provides a means for monitoring the impermeability of the shee~s.
In Figure 1, the numerals 1 and 2 represent ~wo smooth layers of a double layer lmperme~ble plastic ~heet preferably made ~rom high densi~y polyethylene (PEHD). A monltoring layer 3 of PE~D of the electrically conductive type i9 preferably embedded between these two outer lsyers 1 and 2, and all three layers can be firmly adhered to each o~her.
Figura l also shows one manner in which the elec~ric conduc~ivity of the moni~oring layer can be moni~ored. F.lectrical con~ac~s 14 and 15 can be ~ade ~t at leagt two different site8 in the monitorlng layer, and d pending on the ~ize of the ~heet, several sets o~ contact6 may be desirable. An electric resistivity meter 4 can then be conneoted between a~y pair of contsct6 in the layer to measure the conduct~vity of the l~yer between the two contscts of ~he p~ir. As dlscu~sed previously, the electric conductivity of the monitoring layer will typically ~ary when the lstter come~ into contact with seepage wa~e~ or ocher moisture passing through either of layers 1,2 when the dou-ble imperme~ble msterial i8 built into the site of use.
Such a conductive polyethylene sheet 3 can be at least par-~ally porous, and thereby, when mois~ure penetrates one of the ~L-SS-10 2C~375018 o~ er layers 1 or 2, from ei~cher ~ide of -~he barrier, the moisture could po~sibly wiclc ~hrough the conduc~lve layer over ~
substantial por~ion of the distance between 14 and 15, thereby, when the conductlvity i9 mea~ured, an increa~e in conductivity~
due to the moisture, would be detected.
It i~ ~e~erally known ~hat conduc~ive polymer~, such as polyethylene have a molecular character that makes electron motion along individual macromoleculeg one-directlonal. Specific~lly, high densi~y polye~hylene i~ generally characterized by ~in~
unbranched chalns of e~hylene units forming a long s~rand, and can be represented by:
3 2 2 2 2~2cR~cH2 cH2cH2c~2cH2cH2cH2cH2c~2cH2cH3 Thus, an arrangement of such strands, side by ~ide, presents a one-dimension~l direction of electron movement along the length of the strand The reduced dimensionality of such polymers im-plies that their electronic propertie~ can be ~overned by the occurrence~ of certain type~ of groun~ states. Thus, when a ch~rge is in~ected into 6uch a sy~tem, the charge can induce a chsnge in the electronic ch~rge density and atomic po~ition~ both on ~he molecular 8ite o~ the in~ection, 8S well as on neighboring 8i~e~. A presence of moi~ture ~hlch could es8entially wick be-tween individual strands of the polymer8 c~n therefore ~acilitate electron transfer between strand~ ~nd thus alter ~he overall conductivity acro6s a ~heet o~ such materials.
~HL~SS-10 CA
20750~
The arrangement o~ Flgure 2 1~ similar to that of the arrangement of Figure 1 except in thi~ ~econd embodiment th~
imperme~ble sheets 5 and 6 are ghown having a gtruc~ured surface on the ou~side surface~, lnstead of a smooth 6urface. Like ~he previous embodimen~, there i~ a monitoring layer 7, preferably of an electrically conductive PEHD, between the two outer im~ermeable ~heet~ 5 and 6, which t~o outer sheets 5 and 6 are also preferably constructed from PEHD.
Figure 2 also depicts a seco~d manner in which the impermeability can be monitored. In this embodiment, to monitor the electrlc conductivity between ~wo contac~s 17 and 18 in the ~onitoring layer, an electric monitoring device 8 a~ well a6 a voltage unlt 9 for drivin~ an electric current through ~he moni-~oring layes ase provided. The amount of current, which would be dependent on any moisture leakage through layers 5 and 6, can be monitored by an electric ~onitoring device 8 which can pre~erably operate a remote reading device (not ~hown).
The third embodlment according ~o Figure 3 show6 a concrete proeec~ing plate 10 protectin~ concrete device6 16. Thi~ pro-tecting plate 10 preferably has outer layers 11 and 12 ~hich con-sl~t of PEHD. Between the~e outer layer~ a monitoring layer 13, also preferably of PEHD but of the electrically conduc~ive type can be e~bedded. Once again the conductivity, dependent upon even~ual leakage in the outer layers 11 and 12 may be monitored as illu~trated in Figure~ 1 and 2.
NH~-SS-10 ~0 ~ 8 In summ~ry, one feature of ~he ln~entlon reside~ broadly in an arrangement of impermeable sheet~ of pla6~ic material which shee~ are sulted tO be monitored with re~pect to impermeabillty, in particular in waste depo~its, ch~rac~erized ln that a monitor~
ing layer 3 of electr~cally conduc~i~e P~HD i~ embedded within a double layer impermeable pla~tic sheet 1,2.
Another feature of the invention re6ide~ broadly in an ~r-rangement of impermeable ~heet~ of pla~tic material, characterized in that the two outer impermeable ~heets 1,2 of the double layer impermeable plastic shee~ consist of PEHD.
Yet another feature of the lnvention resides broadly in an arran8ement of lmpermeable sheets of pla6tic ~aterl~l, character-12ed in that the impermeable 6heet~ 1,2 of the dol~ble layer impermeable plastic ~heet are ~mooth.
A yet another fea~re of the invention refiide~ broadly in ~n arrangement of impermeable ~heet~ of plss~ic material, character-ized in that the impermeable ~heet~ 5,6 of the double layer impermeable plastic sheet are 6~ructured~
A yet further feature o~ the in~en~ion reside~ ~roadly in an ~rrangemen~ of impenmeable sheets of plastic material~ charac~er ized in ~hat ~he double layer impermeable pla~t~.c ~heet 11,12 ~ith the embedded monitoring layer 13 of electrically conduc~ive PEHD therein forms component6 of a concrete protec~ing plate 10.
A further ~eature o~ the invention re~ides broadly in an arrangeme~t of impermeable sheets of plastic material, chara~ter-iz~d în th~t the double layer impermeable pla6clc sheet with the `' 10 ~07~18 e. edded monitoring layer of electrically conduc~ive PEHD ~her~in fOrlr)8 components of a double wall for cont~iner and pit con~truc-tions.
A ~till further feature of ~he in~Jention reside~ broadly in an ~rran~ement of impermeable sheets of pl8~ic material, char~c-terlzed in ~hat an electric resis~ivl~y meter 4 is connected ~o the moni~oring l~yer 3 of electricQlly conductive PE;HD.
A yet further feature of ~he invention resides brondly in an arrangement of impermeable ~he~ts of plas~lc materi~l, character-lzed in that a voltage unit 9 and ~ monitoring device 8 to mea~re the current, which i~ driven through the monitoring layer by the ~oltage unit, are connected ~o the moni~oring layer 7. A monitor-ing layer 3 o~ elec~rically conductlve PEHD i9 embedded with~n an arrangement of imperme~ble sheet~ from plastic ma~erial 1,2 wh~ch are suited to be monitored ~ith respect to im~e~meabili~y, to ensble ea~y monitor~ng of the presence o~ seepage wa~er ln deeper layer6. Monitoring is effected by registering the electrical conductivity of the conductiYe monitoring layer made of P~HD.
Some examples of landfills and devices for controlling ground water runo~ are disclosed in the following Uni~ed S~ates patent~:
Pacent No. 5,054,961 to Lynn Sherman, enti~led "Onsite Soil Treat-men~ Process"; Paten~ No. 5,022,786 to Kenneth Philo, entltled "Method and Apparatus for the Recovery and Treatment of Ground ~ter Contaminated by Hazardou~ Wa~te"; Patent No. 4,921,279 to ~lliam Simpson, entitled "~eak Prevention Structure, Me~hod ~nd Apparatus", Patent No. 4,810,131 to Dennis Turner, en~itled "L~ndo NH~-SS-l~ CA
207501~
f: . Leachate Collectlon and Leak Detec~ion Sump Sy~tem"~ and Patent No. 4,790,688 to Trevor Castor, enti~led "Landfill Leach~e Control Process and Productl'.
Some example~ of electrically conduc~lve pla~ics, elec-trically conductive polyethylenes, and high den8ity pol~ethylen~s which could pos8ibly be used ~or the pre6en~ invention ~re dis-closed in the followin2 United S~ate~ patent~: Patent No.
~HL~SS-10 CA
20750~
The arrangement o~ Flgure 2 1~ similar to that of the arrangement of Figure 1 except in thi~ ~econd embodiment th~
imperme~ble sheets 5 and 6 are ghown having a gtruc~ured surface on the ou~side surface~, lnstead of a smooth 6urface. Like ~he previous embodimen~, there i~ a monitoring layer 7, preferably of an electrically conductive PEHD, between the two outer im~ermeable ~heet~ 5 and 6, which t~o outer sheets 5 and 6 are also preferably constructed from PEHD.
Figure 2 also depicts a seco~d manner in which the impermeability can be monitored. In this embodiment, to monitor the electrlc conductivity between ~wo contac~s 17 and 18 in the ~onitoring layer, an electric monitoring device 8 a~ well a6 a voltage unlt 9 for drivin~ an electric current through ~he moni-~oring layes ase provided. The amount of current, which would be dependent on any moisture leakage through layers 5 and 6, can be monitored by an electric ~onitoring device 8 which can pre~erably operate a remote reading device (not ~hown).
The third embodlment according ~o Figure 3 show6 a concrete proeec~ing plate 10 protectin~ concrete device6 16. Thi~ pro-tecting plate 10 preferably has outer layers 11 and 12 ~hich con-sl~t of PEHD. Between the~e outer layer~ a monitoring layer 13, also preferably of PEHD but of the electrically conduc~ive type can be e~bedded. Once again the conductivity, dependent upon even~ual leakage in the outer layers 11 and 12 may be monitored as illu~trated in Figure~ 1 and 2.
NH~-SS-10 ~0 ~ 8 In summ~ry, one feature of ~he ln~entlon reside~ broadly in an arrangement of impermeable sheet~ of pla6~ic material which shee~ are sulted tO be monitored with re~pect to impermeabillty, in particular in waste depo~its, ch~rac~erized ln that a monitor~
ing layer 3 of electr~cally conduc~i~e P~HD i~ embedded within a double layer impermeable pla~tic sheet 1,2.
Another feature of the invention re6ide~ broadly in an ~r-rangement of impermeable ~heet~ of pla~tic material, characterized in that the two outer impermeable ~heets 1,2 of the double layer impermeable plastic shee~ consist of PEHD.
Yet another feature of the lnvention resides broadly in an arran8ement of lmpermeable sheets of pla6tic ~aterl~l, character-12ed in that the impermeable 6heet~ 1,2 of the dol~ble layer impermeable plastic ~heet are ~mooth.
A yet another fea~re of the invention refiide~ broadly in ~n arrangement of impermeable ~heet~ of plss~ic material, character-ized in that the impermeable ~heet~ 5,6 of the double layer impermeable plastic sheet are 6~ructured~
A yet further feature o~ the in~en~ion reside~ ~roadly in an ~rrangemen~ of impenmeable sheets of plastic material~ charac~er ized in ~hat ~he double layer impermeable pla~t~.c ~heet 11,12 ~ith the embedded monitoring layer 13 of electrically conduc~ive PEHD therein forms component6 of a concrete protec~ing plate 10.
A further ~eature o~ the invention re~ides broadly in an arrangeme~t of impermeable sheets of plastic material, chara~ter-iz~d în th~t the double layer impermeable pla6clc sheet with the `' 10 ~07~18 e. edded monitoring layer of electrically conduc~ive PEHD ~her~in fOrlr)8 components of a double wall for cont~iner and pit con~truc-tions.
A ~till further feature of ~he in~Jention reside~ broadly in an ~rran~ement of impermeable sheets of pl8~ic material, char~c-terlzed in ~hat an electric resis~ivl~y meter 4 is connected ~o the moni~oring l~yer 3 of electricQlly conductive PE;HD.
A yet further feature of ~he invention resides brondly in an arrangement of impermeable ~he~ts of plas~lc materi~l, character-lzed in that a voltage unit 9 and ~ monitoring device 8 to mea~re the current, which i~ driven through the monitoring layer by the ~oltage unit, are connected ~o the moni~oring layer 7. A monitor-ing layer 3 o~ elec~rically conductlve PEHD i9 embedded with~n an arrangement of imperme~ble sheet~ from plastic ma~erial 1,2 wh~ch are suited to be monitored ~ith respect to im~e~meabili~y, to ensble ea~y monitor~ng of the presence o~ seepage wa~er ln deeper layer6. Monitoring is effected by registering the electrical conductivity of the conductiYe monitoring layer made of P~HD.
Some examples of landfills and devices for controlling ground water runo~ are disclosed in the following Uni~ed S~ates patent~:
Pacent No. 5,054,961 to Lynn Sherman, enti~led "Onsite Soil Treat-men~ Process"; Paten~ No. 5,022,786 to Kenneth Philo, entltled "Method and Apparatus for the Recovery and Treatment of Ground ~ter Contaminated by Hazardou~ Wa~te"; Patent No. 4,921,279 to ~lliam Simpson, entitled "~eak Prevention Structure, Me~hod ~nd Apparatus", Patent No. 4,810,131 to Dennis Turner, en~itled "L~ndo NH~-SS-l~ CA
207501~
f: . Leachate Collectlon and Leak Detec~ion Sump Sy~tem"~ and Patent No. 4,790,688 to Trevor Castor, enti~led "Landfill Leach~e Control Process and Productl'.
Some example~ of electrically conduc~lve pla~ics, elec-trically conductive polyethylenes, and high den8ity pol~ethylen~s which could pos8ibly be used ~or the pre6en~ invention ~re dis-closed in the followin2 United S~ate~ patent~: Patent No.
4,803,597 to Watanabe et al., entitled "Electric Double ~ayer Capacitor"~ Patent~ Nos. 4,800,126 and 4,719,039 tD Nichola~
Leonardi, both entltled "Electrically Conductive Polyethylene Foam"~ Patent No. S,0g8,610 to Okamura et al., entitled "Conduc~ive Thermoplastic ~e~in Compo~ition" and P~tent No. 4,~51,536 to Ba~low and Mee~s, en~i~led "Heat Dis~ortion Re8is~an~ Thermoplastic Semi-Conductive Compo3ition".
Other types of conductive polymers which could possibly be used for the present in~ention can be found on page~ 935 and 936 of the "Concise ~ncyclopedia o~ Chemical Tec~nology", Kirk-Othmer, 1985.
Some types of devices whlch can be used to meR~ure conduetlv-ity are disclo~ed in the following U.S. patents: PPtent No.
4,6?9,332 to Luthi, entitled "Sensor Device for a Machine ~or Mea6uring Conductive Part8 Mounted on a Measurement Table"~ Patent No. 4,390,842 to ~ygant 6nd Jone~, ~ntitled "Fluid Conduc~ivity 9evice ~or ~ea~uring Fluid Volume6 and Method Therefor"1 Paten~
No. 4,160,946 to Frigato, entitled "Device for Mea~uring Conductiv~
i~y of a Solut~o~"; Pa~ent ~o. 5,068,619 to ~akano and Matsu8hit~, NHL-SS~10 CA
~7~018 e~ ~tled "Conductivity Measurin~ Device"; and Patent No. 4,926,116 ~o Tallsa, en~itled "WldP Band L2rge Dynamic Range C~rrent Sen60r and Method of Current Detectlon U~ing Same".
All, or substantially all, o~ the components and m~hods of the ~arious embodiments may be u~ed with at least one embodiment or all o~ the embodiments, i~ any, de~cribed hereln.
The details in the patents, patent applica~lon~ an~ publica-tions may be considered to be lncorporable, a~ applican~ ' ~ op-tion, into the claims during prosecution ~s further limitations in the claims to patentably dl~tingui~h any ~mended cl~ims rom any spplied prior art.
The appended drawings, in their entirety, including all di~
mensions, proportions and/or shapes in at lea3t one embodiment of the inventlon, are, if applicable, ~ccurate and to scale and are hereby incorporated by reference into this specification.
The invention as described hereinabo~e in the conte~t of the preferred emboti~ents is not to be take~ as limlted ~o all of ~he pro~ided details thereof, since modlflcations and variations ~hereof may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Leonardi, both entltled "Electrically Conductive Polyethylene Foam"~ Patent No. S,0g8,610 to Okamura et al., entitled "Conduc~ive Thermoplastic ~e~in Compo~ition" and P~tent No. 4,~51,536 to Ba~low and Mee~s, en~i~led "Heat Dis~ortion Re8is~an~ Thermoplastic Semi-Conductive Compo3ition".
Other types of conductive polymers which could possibly be used for the present in~ention can be found on page~ 935 and 936 of the "Concise ~ncyclopedia o~ Chemical Tec~nology", Kirk-Othmer, 1985.
Some types of devices whlch can be used to meR~ure conduetlv-ity are disclo~ed in the following U.S. patents: PPtent No.
4,6?9,332 to Luthi, entitled "Sensor Device for a Machine ~or Mea6uring Conductive Part8 Mounted on a Measurement Table"~ Patent No. 4,390,842 to ~ygant 6nd Jone~, ~ntitled "Fluid Conduc~ivity 9evice ~or ~ea~uring Fluid Volume6 and Method Therefor"1 Paten~
No. 4,160,946 to Frigato, entitled "Device for Mea~uring Conductiv~
i~y of a Solut~o~"; Pa~ent ~o. 5,068,619 to ~akano and Matsu8hit~, NHL-SS~10 CA
~7~018 e~ ~tled "Conductivity Measurin~ Device"; and Patent No. 4,926,116 ~o Tallsa, en~itled "WldP Band L2rge Dynamic Range C~rrent Sen60r and Method of Current Detectlon U~ing Same".
All, or substantially all, o~ the components and m~hods of the ~arious embodiments may be u~ed with at least one embodiment or all o~ the embodiments, i~ any, de~cribed hereln.
The details in the patents, patent applica~lon~ an~ publica-tions may be considered to be lncorporable, a~ applican~ ' ~ op-tion, into the claims during prosecution ~s further limitations in the claims to patentably dl~tingui~h any ~mended cl~ims rom any spplied prior art.
The appended drawings, in their entirety, including all di~
mensions, proportions and/or shapes in at lea3t one embodiment of the inventlon, are, if applicable, ~ccurate and to scale and are hereby incorporated by reference into this specification.
The invention as described hereinabo~e in the conte~t of the preferred emboti~ents is not to be take~ as limlted ~o all of ~he pro~ided details thereof, since modlflcations and variations ~hereof may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (16)
1, A waste disposal landfill for containing fluid runoff from wastes deposited in the landfill, said waste disposal land-fill comprising:
at least one moisture impermeable sheet for being disposed under the landfill, the at least one moisture impermeable sheet comprising:
at least a first and a second layer of a moisture impermeable material;
a moisture-sensitive conductive material disposed between said at least a first and a second layer; and means for monitoring conductivity of said conductive material.
at least one moisture impermeable sheet for being disposed under the landfill, the at least one moisture impermeable sheet comprising:
at least a first and a second layer of a moisture impermeable material;
a moisture-sensitive conductive material disposed between said at least a first and a second layer; and means for monitoring conductivity of said conductive material.
2. The waste disposal landfill according to Claim 1, further including a monitoring station disposed a distance remote from said waste disposal landfill, and said remote monitoring station comprises said means for monitoring conductivity.
3. The waste disposal landfill according to Claim 1 wherein said first and second layers comprise plastic sheets.
4. The waste disposal landfill according to Claim 3, wherein said conductive material comprises an electrically conducive polymer.
5. The waste disposal landfill according to Claim 4, where-in:
said first and second layers comprise polyethylene; and said conductive material comprises electrically conductive polyethylene.
said first and second layers comprise polyethylene; and said conductive material comprises electrically conductive polyethylene.
6. The waste disposal landfill according to Claim 5, where-in:
said first and second layers comprise high density polyethylene; and said conductive material comprises conductive high density polyethylene.
said first and second layers comprise high density polyethylene; and said conductive material comprises conductive high density polyethylene.
7. The waste disposal landfill according to Claim 6, wherein said means for monitoring comprises an electric resistivity meter.
8. The waste disposal landfill according to Claim 6, wherein said means for monitoring comprises:
means for driving current through said conductive material;
and a current measuring device.
means for driving current through said conductive material;
and a current measuring device.
9. Arrangement of impermeable sheets from plastic material which are suited to be monitored with respect to impermeability, in particular in waste deposits, characterized in that a monitor-ing layer of electrically conductive hgih density polyethylene is embedded within a double layer impermeable plastic sheet.
10. Arrangement according to Claim 9, characterized in that the two outer impermeable sheets of the double layer impermeable plastic sheet consist of high density polyethylene.
11. Arrangement according to Claim 10, characterized in that the impermeable sheets of the double layer impermeable plastic sheet are smooth.
12. Arrangement according to Claim 11, characterized in that the impermeable sheets of the double layer impermeable plastic sheet are structured.
13. Arrangement according to Claim 12, characterized in that the double layer impermeable plastic sheet with the embedded moni-toring layer of electrically conductive high density polyethylene therein forms components of a concrete protecting plate.
14. Arrangement according to Claims 12, characterized in that the double layer impermeable plastic sheet with the embedded monitoring layer of electrically conductive high density polyethylene therein forms components of a double wall for con-tainer and pit constructions.
15. Arrangement according to Claim 14, characterized in that an electric resistivity meter is connected to the monitoring layer of electrically conductive high density polyethylene.
16. Arrangement according to Claim 14, characterized in that a voltage unit, and a monitoring device to measure the current, which is driven through the monitoring layer by the voltage unit, are connected to the monitoring layer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4125430A DE4125430C2 (en) | 1991-08-01 | 1991-08-01 | Arrangement of tightness controllable sealing sheets made of plastic, especially for landfills |
| DEP4125430.9 | 1991-08-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2075018A1 true CA2075018A1 (en) | 1993-02-02 |
Family
ID=6437446
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002075018A Abandoned CA2075018A1 (en) | 1991-08-01 | 1992-07-30 | Waste disposal landfill having subsurface impermeable sheets which can be monitored with respect to their impermeability |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5362182A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0525278B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE132401T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2075018A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4125430C2 (en) |
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| US7975556B2 (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2011-07-12 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma | Sensor-enabled geosynthetic material and method of making and using the same |
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| DE3544264A1 (en) * | 1985-12-14 | 1987-06-19 | Deutag Mischwerke Gmbh | Covering and sealing foil |
| US4725785A (en) * | 1985-12-17 | 1988-02-16 | Southwest Research Institute | Directional potential analyzer method and apparatus for detecting and locating leaks in geomembrane liners |
| DK145087A (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1988-09-21 | Renovadan System Transport A S | Traffic-barricading equipment |
| DE3731072C1 (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1988-09-22 | Willibald Luber | Device for the non-destructive determination of damage to seals of bridges, tubs and flat roofs |
| US4947470A (en) * | 1989-02-14 | 1990-08-07 | Southwest Research Institute | System for locating leaks in a geomembrane-lined impoundment or landfill filled with material |
| DE8902073U1 (en) * | 1989-02-22 | 1989-07-06 | Kabelwerke Reinshagen Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal, De | |
| BE1004301A3 (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1992-10-27 | Uco Nv Sa | Method for detection of leaks and fixes used geotextiles. |
| DE3924057C1 (en) * | 1989-07-21 | 1990-07-19 | Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden, De | |
| US5076728A (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1991-12-31 | Tracer Research Corporation | Landfill liner leak detection system and method |
-
1991
- 1991-08-01 DE DE4125430A patent/DE4125430C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-02-03 DE DE59204891T patent/DE59204891D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-02-03 EP EP92101749A patent/EP0525278B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-03 AT AT92101749T patent/ATE132401T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-28 US US07/920,870 patent/US5362182A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-07-30 CA CA002075018A patent/CA2075018A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0525278A2 (en) | 1993-02-03 |
| DE4125430A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 |
| ATE132401T1 (en) | 1996-01-15 |
| EP0525278A3 (en) | 1993-09-22 |
| US5362182A (en) | 1994-11-08 |
| EP0525278B1 (en) | 1996-01-03 |
| DE59204891D1 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
| DE4125430C2 (en) | 1997-01-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |