CA2212615A1 - Suppression of radiation damping in nmr - Google Patents
Suppression of radiation damping in nmrInfo
- Publication number
- CA2212615A1 CA2212615A1 CA002212615A CA2212615A CA2212615A1 CA 2212615 A1 CA2212615 A1 CA 2212615A1 CA 002212615 A CA002212615 A CA 002212615A CA 2212615 A CA2212615 A CA 2212615A CA 2212615 A1 CA2212615 A1 CA 2212615A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- sample
- coil
- probe
- feedback
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/32—Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
- G01R33/36—Electrical details, e.g. matching or coupling of the coil to the receiver
- G01R33/3628—Tuning/matching of the transmit/receive coil
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/32—Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
- G01R33/34—Constructional details, e.g. resonators, specially adapted to MR
- G01R33/34092—RF coils specially adapted for NMR spectrometers
Abstract
Radiation damping effects in NMR are compensated by splitting the amplified NMR signal induced in the main probe coil to obtain a correction signal, phase shifting the correction signal to obtain a feedback signal and impressing the feedback signal onto the sample through means independent of the main probe coil.
Description
CA 0221261~ 1997-08-06 ~lrPPP~F.~ ON OF RAT~-AT~(3N T)AMP~N(~ TN NMR
by Weston A. Anderson T~ f t~l~ Tnvention The present invention is in the area of NMR probe technology and relates primarily to the reduction of radiation damping effects upon NMR measurements.
R~.k~rnlln(l nf tlle Tnv~ntinn In an NMR experiment, coherent periodic collective motions of nuclear spins induce RF current in the surrounding probe coil. This current in the probecoil, in turn, applies an RF magnetic field upon those nuclear spins. This type of effect is known in the art as "radiation damping". A common manifestation of 10 radiation damping occurs in the case of liquids in the form of broadening of the solvent line. In the time domain, the time constant of the free induction decay signal is appreciably shortened by the radiation damping effect.
In the prior art, it is known to suppress radiation damping effects by 15 deriving a negative feedback signal from the output of the usual RF amplifier and applying that signal with suitable phase shi~, to the probe coil. In this manner, the signal induced in the coil by the periodic motions of the nuclear spins may be subst~nti tlly c~nc~ d One result of this prior art approach is the reduction of all signals and associated noise by a factor (related to the loop gain for the feedback 20 loop).
CA 0221261~ 1997-08-06 P~ri~.f n~ rirtinn ~If tll~ l)r~win~
Figure l illustrates a typical NMR instrument incorporating the present invention.
S Figure 2 is a schematicized illustration of an N~ probe of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a schematicized illustration of another embodiment of the invention.
n~.C(~rirtinn nf t~e PrPf~rr~(l F,mhl)(liment~
Turning now to figure 1, there is shown a typical NMR instrument forming the context for the operation of the present invention. Portions of a typical NMR data acquisition instrument are schematically illustrated in FIG. 1.An acquisition/control processor 10 communicates with an RF trancmitter 12, modulator 14 and receiver 16, including analog-to-digital convertor 18 and a furdler digital processor 20. The modulated RF power irradiates an object 23 in a magnetic field 21 through a probe assembly 22 and response of the object is in~ercept~d by probe assembly 22 communicating with receiver 16. The response typically takes the form of a transient time domain waveform or free induction decay. This transient waveform is sampled at regular intervals and samples are digitized in adc 18. The digitized time domain wave form is then subject to further processing in processor 20. The nature of such processing may include averaging the time domain waveform over a number of similar of such waveforms and transformation of the average time domain wave form to the frequency domain yields a spectral distribution function directed to output device 24.
Alternatively this procedure rnay thus be repeated with variation of some other parameter and the transformation(s) from the data set may take on any of a number of identities for display or further analysis.
CA 0221261~ 1997-08-06 The m~netic field 21 is directed parallel to the z axis, which polarizes the sample and defines the Larmor frequency thereof, is established by an appropriate means, not shown. Saddle coil(s) 19 are employed for imposing a desired spacial and time dependence of magnetic field.
Figure 2 shows a feedback arrangement of the present invention.
Resonant circuit 30 includes a probe coil 42 which is ordinarily disposed to surround sample 32 and which coil has a well defined axis, X. When resonance is excited in sample 32, a circulating cu~rent representing that signal is set up in resonant circuit 30 and this signal is coupled through output coupling circuit 34 to a pre-amplifier 36. An inductive coupled circuit is illustrated, but other - coupling is well known in the art. The amplified signal with the concomitant noise is split in network 38 and the major portion of the signal is directed toward the rf receiver. A portion defined by splitter network 38 is shifted in phase byphase shi~er 40 and the phase shifted resulting signal, the "feedback" signal isdirected toward inductance L3 which has an axis Y orthogonal to the X axis of coil 42. Coil 44 is loosely coupled to the sample 32, producing fields along theY axis within sample 32.
As a result of the precession of nuclear spins of the sample, a current is induced in the coil 42, which in turn produces a field B~ = Bx u,~ cos ~t, whereu~ is a unit vector) along the x axis 50 of sample 52 which is physically contained in the interior of coil 42.
The periodic field Bl acting on the sample spins may be decomposed into two contra-rotating fields, B(+)U2 = Bx (uy cos (I~t + uy sin ~t ) /2 CA 0221261~ 1997-08-06 B(-)V2 = Bx (u~ cos ~t - uy sin ~t ) /2 The precessing nuclear spins are physically responsive to one of the above field components, e.g., that component rotating in the same sense as the nuclearspin precession, for example, B(+)l,2 The other component B(-)l~2 has only a higher order effect upon the spins and may be safely neglected for the purposes of this explanation.
Consider now the portion of the signal output from preamplifier 36 which - 10 is directed through splitter network 38 to phase shifter 40. The amplitude of the portion is selectable through this splitter network and the phase is adjusted toproduce a signal from coil 46, -Bx sin ~t. This field can also be decomposed into two contra-rotating components:
B' (+)1/2 = -BX (u~ cos (~t + uy sin (I)t ) /2 B Ou2 = -Bx (-u,~ cos (I)t + uy sin (~)t ) /2 The first of the above expressions is in the same sense as the preces~ing nucleiand combined with B(+)V2 above produces a null while the other components have no effect upon the precessing nuclei. Thus the reactive effect of the spins uponthemselves is canceled. One observes that the feedback in the present invention is coupled back to the sample and not to the coil.
In the case of the present invention as well as the probe coil feedback arrangement of prior art, oscillation is avoided by careful attention to phase shifts around the loop. For this reason, a signal having the same sense with respect tothe signal processed through the splitter network) is avoided (positive feedback).
Phase shifter 40 provides an adequate range of phase shift to avoid the CA 0221261~ 1997-08-06 undesirable, and achieve the desirable phase shift to produce the optimum compçn.~tion In some in.ct~nces the cumulative effect of phase shifts occurring over the entire loop may suffice provide the requisite effect in lieu of a discrete phase shifter 40.
Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the invention wherein the feedback coupling to the resonating nuclei is isolated from the probe pickup coupling by frequency offset. This frequency offset embodiment incorporates a field modulation arrangement comprising oscillator 52 which provides an AC
10 filed for superposition onto DC polarizing field of the N~R apparatus. The signal path through the probe pickup coil 42, the coupling coil 44, the preamplifier 36 and splitter 38 and phase shifter 40 is identical with the previously described embodiment. The signal derived from the splitter network 38 contains (for low modulation index = yBm/(l)O << 1 ) frequency components at the Larmor frequency ~0, and at the sidebands ll)o+(l)m. A narrow band filter60 selects one ofthese sidebands, say II)o~(~m This sideband is then modulated by a balanced modulator 62 with the signal (I)m derived from the oscillator 52 The output of balanced modulator 62 contains outputs at lower sideband ~0 -2(1)mand upper ci~eban(l (I)o Let the upper sideband ( ~0 ) be selected by narrow band filter 64 and applied to feedback coil 66 which imposes a correcting field B2 on the resonating nuclei. The field B2 may be parallel to the axis of the probe coil 42 and oppositely directed to the nuclear magnetism to counter the damping ofthe free induction decay signal. Alternatively, with the appropriate phaseshift, the field B2 from coil 60 may be applied at an angle with respect to the axis ofcoil 42. With a 90~ phase shift the field B2 may be applied along the y axis as shown in figure 2.
Regenerative feedback is avoided since any signal from coil 66, after being detected by coil 42 and coil 34, will have its frequency shifted by $ ~1~m after CA 0221261~ 1997-08-06 passing through balanced modulator 62. The shifted frequencies will then be blocked by one of the narrow band filters 60 or 64. The small magnetic field modulation by coil 51 is capable of modulating only the nuclear resonance signals.
Many modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the invention. For example coil 42 could be coupled electrically to preamplifier 36 rather than magnetically as shown in figures 2 and 3. Although the invention is described as applied to a Fourier Transform (FT) NMR it can be applied to other types of N~ spectrometer. In FTNMR a short pulse from the transmitter is used to excite resonance. Other forms of excitation include wideband excitation using a random or pseudo-random pulse sequence, and continuous wave (CW) excitation. It is understood that all such variations and modifications will be apparent to one of average skill in the art and are within the scope of the lS invention.
The foregoing description has been limited to specific embodiments of the invention. It is apparent that variations and modifications may be made to the invention with the attainment of some or all of the advantages described.
Therefore, it is an object of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true scope and spirit of the claims.
by Weston A. Anderson T~ f t~l~ Tnvention The present invention is in the area of NMR probe technology and relates primarily to the reduction of radiation damping effects upon NMR measurements.
R~.k~rnlln(l nf tlle Tnv~ntinn In an NMR experiment, coherent periodic collective motions of nuclear spins induce RF current in the surrounding probe coil. This current in the probecoil, in turn, applies an RF magnetic field upon those nuclear spins. This type of effect is known in the art as "radiation damping". A common manifestation of 10 radiation damping occurs in the case of liquids in the form of broadening of the solvent line. In the time domain, the time constant of the free induction decay signal is appreciably shortened by the radiation damping effect.
In the prior art, it is known to suppress radiation damping effects by 15 deriving a negative feedback signal from the output of the usual RF amplifier and applying that signal with suitable phase shi~, to the probe coil. In this manner, the signal induced in the coil by the periodic motions of the nuclear spins may be subst~nti tlly c~nc~ d One result of this prior art approach is the reduction of all signals and associated noise by a factor (related to the loop gain for the feedback 20 loop).
CA 0221261~ 1997-08-06 P~ri~.f n~ rirtinn ~If tll~ l)r~win~
Figure l illustrates a typical NMR instrument incorporating the present invention.
S Figure 2 is a schematicized illustration of an N~ probe of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a schematicized illustration of another embodiment of the invention.
n~.C(~rirtinn nf t~e PrPf~rr~(l F,mhl)(liment~
Turning now to figure 1, there is shown a typical NMR instrument forming the context for the operation of the present invention. Portions of a typical NMR data acquisition instrument are schematically illustrated in FIG. 1.An acquisition/control processor 10 communicates with an RF trancmitter 12, modulator 14 and receiver 16, including analog-to-digital convertor 18 and a furdler digital processor 20. The modulated RF power irradiates an object 23 in a magnetic field 21 through a probe assembly 22 and response of the object is in~ercept~d by probe assembly 22 communicating with receiver 16. The response typically takes the form of a transient time domain waveform or free induction decay. This transient waveform is sampled at regular intervals and samples are digitized in adc 18. The digitized time domain wave form is then subject to further processing in processor 20. The nature of such processing may include averaging the time domain waveform over a number of similar of such waveforms and transformation of the average time domain wave form to the frequency domain yields a spectral distribution function directed to output device 24.
Alternatively this procedure rnay thus be repeated with variation of some other parameter and the transformation(s) from the data set may take on any of a number of identities for display or further analysis.
CA 0221261~ 1997-08-06 The m~netic field 21 is directed parallel to the z axis, which polarizes the sample and defines the Larmor frequency thereof, is established by an appropriate means, not shown. Saddle coil(s) 19 are employed for imposing a desired spacial and time dependence of magnetic field.
Figure 2 shows a feedback arrangement of the present invention.
Resonant circuit 30 includes a probe coil 42 which is ordinarily disposed to surround sample 32 and which coil has a well defined axis, X. When resonance is excited in sample 32, a circulating cu~rent representing that signal is set up in resonant circuit 30 and this signal is coupled through output coupling circuit 34 to a pre-amplifier 36. An inductive coupled circuit is illustrated, but other - coupling is well known in the art. The amplified signal with the concomitant noise is split in network 38 and the major portion of the signal is directed toward the rf receiver. A portion defined by splitter network 38 is shifted in phase byphase shi~er 40 and the phase shifted resulting signal, the "feedback" signal isdirected toward inductance L3 which has an axis Y orthogonal to the X axis of coil 42. Coil 44 is loosely coupled to the sample 32, producing fields along theY axis within sample 32.
As a result of the precession of nuclear spins of the sample, a current is induced in the coil 42, which in turn produces a field B~ = Bx u,~ cos ~t, whereu~ is a unit vector) along the x axis 50 of sample 52 which is physically contained in the interior of coil 42.
The periodic field Bl acting on the sample spins may be decomposed into two contra-rotating fields, B(+)U2 = Bx (uy cos (I~t + uy sin ~t ) /2 CA 0221261~ 1997-08-06 B(-)V2 = Bx (u~ cos ~t - uy sin ~t ) /2 The precessing nuclear spins are physically responsive to one of the above field components, e.g., that component rotating in the same sense as the nuclearspin precession, for example, B(+)l,2 The other component B(-)l~2 has only a higher order effect upon the spins and may be safely neglected for the purposes of this explanation.
Consider now the portion of the signal output from preamplifier 36 which - 10 is directed through splitter network 38 to phase shifter 40. The amplitude of the portion is selectable through this splitter network and the phase is adjusted toproduce a signal from coil 46, -Bx sin ~t. This field can also be decomposed into two contra-rotating components:
B' (+)1/2 = -BX (u~ cos (~t + uy sin (I)t ) /2 B Ou2 = -Bx (-u,~ cos (I)t + uy sin (~)t ) /2 The first of the above expressions is in the same sense as the preces~ing nucleiand combined with B(+)V2 above produces a null while the other components have no effect upon the precessing nuclei. Thus the reactive effect of the spins uponthemselves is canceled. One observes that the feedback in the present invention is coupled back to the sample and not to the coil.
In the case of the present invention as well as the probe coil feedback arrangement of prior art, oscillation is avoided by careful attention to phase shifts around the loop. For this reason, a signal having the same sense with respect tothe signal processed through the splitter network) is avoided (positive feedback).
Phase shifter 40 provides an adequate range of phase shift to avoid the CA 0221261~ 1997-08-06 undesirable, and achieve the desirable phase shift to produce the optimum compçn.~tion In some in.ct~nces the cumulative effect of phase shifts occurring over the entire loop may suffice provide the requisite effect in lieu of a discrete phase shifter 40.
Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the invention wherein the feedback coupling to the resonating nuclei is isolated from the probe pickup coupling by frequency offset. This frequency offset embodiment incorporates a field modulation arrangement comprising oscillator 52 which provides an AC
10 filed for superposition onto DC polarizing field of the N~R apparatus. The signal path through the probe pickup coil 42, the coupling coil 44, the preamplifier 36 and splitter 38 and phase shifter 40 is identical with the previously described embodiment. The signal derived from the splitter network 38 contains (for low modulation index = yBm/(l)O << 1 ) frequency components at the Larmor frequency ~0, and at the sidebands ll)o+(l)m. A narrow band filter60 selects one ofthese sidebands, say II)o~(~m This sideband is then modulated by a balanced modulator 62 with the signal (I)m derived from the oscillator 52 The output of balanced modulator 62 contains outputs at lower sideband ~0 -2(1)mand upper ci~eban(l (I)o Let the upper sideband ( ~0 ) be selected by narrow band filter 64 and applied to feedback coil 66 which imposes a correcting field B2 on the resonating nuclei. The field B2 may be parallel to the axis of the probe coil 42 and oppositely directed to the nuclear magnetism to counter the damping ofthe free induction decay signal. Alternatively, with the appropriate phaseshift, the field B2 from coil 60 may be applied at an angle with respect to the axis ofcoil 42. With a 90~ phase shift the field B2 may be applied along the y axis as shown in figure 2.
Regenerative feedback is avoided since any signal from coil 66, after being detected by coil 42 and coil 34, will have its frequency shifted by $ ~1~m after CA 0221261~ 1997-08-06 passing through balanced modulator 62. The shifted frequencies will then be blocked by one of the narrow band filters 60 or 64. The small magnetic field modulation by coil 51 is capable of modulating only the nuclear resonance signals.
Many modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the invention. For example coil 42 could be coupled electrically to preamplifier 36 rather than magnetically as shown in figures 2 and 3. Although the invention is described as applied to a Fourier Transform (FT) NMR it can be applied to other types of N~ spectrometer. In FTNMR a short pulse from the transmitter is used to excite resonance. Other forms of excitation include wideband excitation using a random or pseudo-random pulse sequence, and continuous wave (CW) excitation. It is understood that all such variations and modifications will be apparent to one of average skill in the art and are within the scope of the lS invention.
The foregoing description has been limited to specific embodiments of the invention. It is apparent that variations and modifications may be made to the invention with the attainment of some or all of the advantages described.
Therefore, it is an object of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true scope and spirit of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method of reduction of radiation damping phenomena in an NMR
instrument having an excitation coil for inducing resonance in a sample, a probecoil onto which a signal is induced from said resonating sample, comprising:
(a) supplying rf energy to the excitation coil to bring said sample to a resonant state, (b) inducing an rf signal originating from said resonant nuclei onto said probe coil and directing that rf signal to an amplifier, (c) amplifying said signal and splitting said signal to obtain a portion thereof to obtain a correction signal, (d) phase shifting said correction signal by a selected angle to obtain a feedback signal, (e) coupling said feedback signal to said sample without significant coupling of said feedback signal to said probe coil.
instrument having an excitation coil for inducing resonance in a sample, a probecoil onto which a signal is induced from said resonating sample, comprising:
(a) supplying rf energy to the excitation coil to bring said sample to a resonant state, (b) inducing an rf signal originating from said resonant nuclei onto said probe coil and directing that rf signal to an amplifier, (c) amplifying said signal and splitting said signal to obtain a portion thereof to obtain a correction signal, (d) phase shifting said correction signal by a selected angle to obtain a feedback signal, (e) coupling said feedback signal to said sample without significant coupling of said feedback signal to said probe coil.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of coupling said feedback signal to said sample comprises arranging a feedback coil orthogonal to the axisof said probe coil and connecting said feedback signal to said feedback coil.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said excitation coil also serves as said probe coil.
4. An NMR probe for compensating radiation damping effects on NMR
measurements of a selected sample, comprising, a probe coil having a first axis for receiving an rf signal from said sample, a splitting circuit for deriving from said rf signal a correction signal, a phase shifter for altering the phase angle of said correction signal to obtain a feedback signal, and a feedback coil connected to said phase shifter for coupling said feedback signal to said sample, said feedback coil having an axis orthogonal to the axis of said probe coil.
measurements of a selected sample, comprising, a probe coil having a first axis for receiving an rf signal from said sample, a splitting circuit for deriving from said rf signal a correction signal, a phase shifter for altering the phase angle of said correction signal to obtain a feedback signal, and a feedback coil connected to said phase shifter for coupling said feedback signal to said sample, said feedback coil having an axis orthogonal to the axis of said probe coil.
5. The NMR probe of claim 4 wherein said phase shifter comprises the accumulated phase shifts attendant to all components of said NMR probe.
6. The method of reduction of radiation damping phenomena in an NMR
instrument having an excitation coil for inducing resonance in a sample, a probecoil onto which a signal is induced from said resonating sample, comprising:
(a) supplying rf energy to the excitation coil to bring said sample to resonance, (b) modulating the polarizing field with an AF signal, (c) inducing an rf signal originating from said resonant nuclei onto said probe coil and directing that rf signal to an amplifier, (d) amplifying said signal and splitting said signal to obtain a portion thereof to obtain a correction signal, (e) phase shifting said correction signal by a selected angle to obtain a feedback signal, (f) selecting a component of said feedback signal and modulating said component with said AF signal to obtain a correction signal, (g) coupling said correction signal to said sample.
instrument having an excitation coil for inducing resonance in a sample, a probecoil onto which a signal is induced from said resonating sample, comprising:
(a) supplying rf energy to the excitation coil to bring said sample to resonance, (b) modulating the polarizing field with an AF signal, (c) inducing an rf signal originating from said resonant nuclei onto said probe coil and directing that rf signal to an amplifier, (d) amplifying said signal and splitting said signal to obtain a portion thereof to obtain a correction signal, (e) phase shifting said correction signal by a selected angle to obtain a feedback signal, (f) selecting a component of said feedback signal and modulating said component with said AF signal to obtain a correction signal, (g) coupling said correction signal to said sample.
7. The method of claim 6 said step of coupling is achieved without significant coupling of said feedback signal to said probe coil.
8. An NMR instrument comprising, a polarizing magnet, a source of RF excitation energy to excite resonance in a sample and an RF receiver for receiving resonant signals from said sample and a processor for deriving spectral information from said signals, an rf probe for applying said RF excitation energy to a sample to induce a resonant state therein, and for receiving the resonant RF signal emitted from said sample, said probe comprising a probe coil aligned along a first probe axis and arranged around said sample for receiving said signal from said sample, a coupling circuit disposed to pass said signal for subsequent processing and for dividing said signal to define a minor portion thereof as a correction signal, a phase shifter operating upon said correction signal to produce a feedback signal, a second probe coil aligned along an axis orthogonal to said first probe axis and surrounding said sample, said second probe coil connected to saidphase shifter thereby to impress said feedback signal on said sample.
9. The NMR instrument of claim 8 wherein said phase shifter is realized from the accumulated phase shifts of all components of said probe.
10. Each and every novel feature or novel combination of features herein disclosed.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/694,886 US5767677A (en) | 1996-08-09 | 1996-08-09 | Suppression of radiation damping in NMR |
| US08/694,886 | 1996-08-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2212615A1 true CA2212615A1 (en) | 1998-02-09 |
Family
ID=24790661
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002212615A Abandoned CA2212615A1 (en) | 1996-08-09 | 1997-08-06 | Suppression of radiation damping in nmr |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5767677A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0823640B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH1090384A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2212615A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69733451T2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005083458A1 (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2005-09-09 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method of effecting nuclear magnetic resonance experiments using cartesian feedback |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007003218A1 (en) * | 2005-07-05 | 2007-01-11 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Apparatus for high-resolution nmr spectroscopy and/or imaging with an improved filling factor and rf field amplitude |
| US20100090693A1 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2010-04-15 | Wald Lawrence L | Method and apparatus for controlling t1 recovery process in magnetic resonance measurements |
| US8217651B2 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2012-07-10 | General Electric Company | Amplified radiation damping for MR imaging and spectroscopy |
| US9714995B2 (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2017-07-25 | Millikelvin Technologies Llc | Techniques, systems and machine readable programs for magnetic resonance |
| JP2015528719A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2015-10-01 | ミリケルヴィン テクノロジーズ エルエルシーＭｉｌｌｉｋｅｌｖｉｎ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ Ｌｌｃ | Improved techniques, systems and machine readable programs for magnetic resonance |
| DE102019205114B4 (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2022-02-10 | Siemens Healthcare Gmbh | Single-stage amplifier with active feedback compensation |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4101481C2 (en) * | 1991-01-19 | 1994-01-13 | Bruker Analytische Messtechnik | Arrangement for compensating external magnetic field disturbances in a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer with a superconducting magnetic coil |
| US5457386A (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1995-10-10 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Multiple-coil adopting a quadrature detection method applied thereto and a signal processing circuit employing the same in an MRI apparatus in a vertical magnetic system |
-
1996
- 1996-08-09 US US08/694,886 patent/US5767677A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-08-01 EP EP97305819A patent/EP0823640B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-01 DE DE69733451T patent/DE69733451T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-06 CA CA002212615A patent/CA2212615A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-08-07 JP JP9224472A patent/JPH1090384A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005083458A1 (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2005-09-09 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method of effecting nuclear magnetic resonance experiments using cartesian feedback |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0823640A2 (en) | 1998-02-11 |
| US5767677A (en) | 1998-06-16 |
| JPH1090384A (en) | 1998-04-10 |
| DE69733451T2 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
| EP0823640A3 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
| DE69733451D1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
| EP0823640B1 (en) | 2005-06-08 |
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