CA2219663A1 - Rapid infusion system - Google Patents
Rapid infusion system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2219663A1 CA2219663A1 CA002219663A CA2219663A CA2219663A1 CA 2219663 A1 CA2219663 A1 CA 2219663A1 CA 002219663 A CA002219663 A CA 002219663A CA 2219663 A CA2219663 A CA 2219663A CA 2219663 A1 CA2219663 A1 CA 2219663A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- patient
- reservoir
- pump
- infusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/142—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
- F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
- F04B2203/02—Motor parameters of rotating electric motors
- F04B2203/0209—Rotational speed
Abstract
A rapid infusion system (10) for rapidly delivering blood and/or volume expanding fluid to patient, which includes a permanent portion and a removable portion, where the permanent portion includes adjustable drive means, and the removable portion includes sub-components that come into contact with blood.
Description
W O 97/32129 PCTrUS97/03408 ~PrD nNFUSIO N SYSTE M
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an al~pal~lus for the rapid infusion of circulatory supportive fluids such as blood into a patient. The system comprises pe-lllanellL co"~onents. The various components which physically come into contact with the fluid being infused can easily be removed and stprili7ed The p.;ncipal advantage achieved from this arr~n~Pmpnt resides in the s fact that it is small, lightweight, and portable. The system can be of a size to fit in a person's hand and is ideal for use by emergency personnel.
BACKGROUND OF T~ INVENTION
During ~u'ge,y or in the emergency room, it is frequently nçcç~ry to infuse blood or volume eYrRn-ling fluids rapidly into a patient, particularly when massive blood losses have occurred. Patients having inadequate blood volume can suffer serious consequences.
There are many c~ tic~n~ where large ~mollntc of blood can be lost in a very short period of time, for example, in cases of serious automobile ~c~ Pnt.~, gun shot wounds in critical areas of the body, and a variety of major surgery inr.lu(ling cancer surgery and heart and liver transplants.
In the past, the repl~cemrnt of large amounts of blood loss has been a major problem to the surgical teams ~ttPn-ling a :~u~lhlg patient. A common method of rapid infusion incl~dçs the use of a plurality of infusion sites ~imlllf~nPously. Infusion bags or bags of stored banked blood are interconnectPd by in~l~v~llous tubing. Frequently, a plurality of medical personnel are required to oversee the various infusion sites and to personally ensure the flow of blood fi om the blood bags.
~nçsth~P.ciologists are now regularly involved with cardiopulmonary res--~rit~ti~ n, trauma and organ transplantation procedures, and with m~ r~ ce of patient bodily functions during CA 022l9663 l997-l0-28 W O 97/32129 PCTnUS97/03408 trauma and organ tr~n~pl~nt~tion operations. During trauma and organ tr~n~pl~nt~tion operations, patient blood loss cannot, practically speaking, be contained by the operating surgeon and must be replaced by the anesthesiologists st~nrling in ~ten~l~nce It is not l.nr,c,.. oo for four to five ~nesthP.e;ologists or techni~ n~ to stand in ~tten~l~n~e during ~l~n:,~lanl operations s lasting more than twenty-four hours ~ ./ ;. .g to infuse massive ~uantities of blood through five or six venous catheters.
Clinical records obtained from actual operations involving trauma and liver transplantations reveal blood losses e~ e~l to be in excess of two hundred and fifty liters, a volume applox~ ely fifty times a normal adult's total blood volume. ~ltholl~h it is not lO l~nr.o~ for an an~the~iologist or trauma surgeon to encounter massive r~ n~-in~tion (ten liters and more) in a major trauma and ~.~..~lal.L~ion center, it is, however, unusual to s~lccre.cfillly res~sçit~te a patient ~,-vith such .l.as:,ive blood volume loss with traditional methods.
,Sterh~n.~, Jr., et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,061,241, disclose a rapid infusion device capable of high volume pumping composed of two units. A pe.lllanen~ unit comprising a base portion s which houses an AC/DC motor, a roller pump, and other associated gauges and switches. A
disposable unit inr,l~lde~ a filter reservoir, heat eY~h~nge colllponent, and associated tubing leading to the roller pump. The roller pump increases the volume of fluid being pumped by increasing the rpm of the pumping unit and inr.l~ldes a pressure control valve.
Sassano, U.S. Pat. No. 4,747,826, discloses a portable infusion app~l~Lus consisting of 20 supply sources, reservoirs, and associated tubes and valves leading to an infusion pump which can either be a roller head occlusive or centrifugal pump.
W O 97/32129 PCT~US97/03408 SUMMARY OF 1~ INVENTION
With knowledge of the shortcomings of present day blood infusion appa,~ ses noted above, applicant has developed the rapid infileinn system disclosed and claimed in the instant application.
s An object of the present invention is the provision of an al)pal~L~Is which would satisfy the various require,me~ of rapid infusion while at the same time redllçing the number of merlic~l and/or technical personnel required to monitor the equipment, a much desired improvement over presently known systems and practices used in critical life ll,re~t~
situations.
A further object ofthe present invention to provide an ~djllet~hle system which is capable of high volume infusion of blood and/or volume ~Yp~n~ling fluids into a patient. ~RIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring to the drawings:
FIGURE 1 is a front elevational view of the rapid infusion system.
S FIGllRE 2 is a sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention with a covering or container wall removed.
FIGURE 3 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention with a covering or container wall removed.
FIGURE 4 is a sectional view of a pump meçh~niem used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIGllRE 5 is a sectional view of a pump meçh~niem used in another embodiment of the present invention, FIGURE 6 is a side view of a pump m~. .h~ which connects to the rapid infusion unit.
W O 97/32129 PCTnUS97/03408 FIC~URE 7 is a frontal view ~huwing an I.V. pole, fluid bag and the rapid infusion system of the present invention.
FIGUR~ 8 is a sectional view of the present invention showing the optional C.V.P.
monitoring a~palaL-~s.
DESC~IPTION OF THE PREF~RRED EMBODlMENTS
The rapid infusion of IV fluids has proven to save lives in patients suL~Gling from blood loss. All rapid infusion devices pfeselllly available are large, heavy, prohibitively ~,~G-~siv-e, and e~L~ -el~ costly to operate because of special, e~Llelllely expensive, equipment that has to be discarded afLer each use. All of these devices include fluid warmers, adding to the unit's weight and size, and all operate using the same large, heavy, non-portable, roller pump me~h~ni~m The prior art rapid-infusion devices cannot be used with typical peripheral IV ç~nm7l~c but require large-bore central-line or venous cut-down catheters which can be inserted only by physicians.
Although rapid infusion, or hyp~o-rinfileinn, is a proven life saver, this technology is not cGllllllollly available to the public in most hospitals because of the aforementioned reasons.
The rapid infusion device of the present invention solves many problems present in prior art devices. It is small and portable, and if desired can be constructed so as to fit in the palm of your hand. It is inexpensive and can be potentially available to patients even in small rural h~ ~ ' It can be used with any IV tubing or other commonly available hospital equipment and can generate equivalent or greater flow rates than existing rapid infi~ n devices. The present illVGnLiVG device can be used with central lines, venous cut-down ~;aLhGLel~, or peripheral IV's that nurses and par~me~1ics can insert, therefore, it has potential application for use in ~mhlll~n-.ec, in the field, in emergency rooms, military applications, battlefield situations and the like.
W O 97/32129 PCTrUS97/03408 The present inventive device is cost effective and environm~nt~lly friendly since the actual pump mçchs~ni.cm can be removed and st~rili7e~ therefore nothing need be discarded or ~purchased. The device can be used for blood transfusions hllpal ~ing motion by a plessulc;
change, i.e., it can add fiuid to tubing which already contains the same or di~ele--L fluid and s thereby impart illcr~ased motion to the fluid already in the tubing without such fluid coming into contact with any portion of the device, therefore any pump me~ A ~ . . . can be used. The present invention also has excellent potential for military applications. Current hyperinfusion devices have no place in the military/battl~fi~ld areas. Their cost, size, lack of ~offit~i~ncy and lack of qualified field personnel preclude use of prior art hyperinfusion devices in such a setting.
o Therefore, the military has no access to hyperinfi-~it)n technology due to the size, cost and complexity of current devices. The present invention is small and portable. It can be sized to fit in a person's hand and can be powc;l~d by A.C. or D.C. current. If powered by D.C.
current, standard batteries can be used, in~ f1ing l~l.a.~eable batteries. Preferable when the infuser of the present invention is used in the field or in military applis~ti~ nc, it can be less than S about 5 inches by about 2.75 inches by about 2 inches, however the size is dependent upon the components used.
In patients cllff~ring blood loss, measuring the pressure in the large central veins, (central venous pl~s~ul~ or C.V.P.) is the best method for ~ssecsing the efficacy of volume repl~s~emçnt If the C.V.P. is low, the patient does not have adequate intravascular volume and thus further fiuid rec ~ccit~tion is n~c~cc~ry. A high C.V.P. is an indication of volume overload and can result in heart failure and p~llm~n~ry edema (or fiuid) in the lungs. Presently to measure C.V.P., a large catheter is placed in the patient's neck and connPcted to a pressure tr~nc~ cer which converts pl~S~iulc~ ~h~nges into an electrical signal displayed on an oscilloscope-type monitor. Intensive care units and operating rooms are usually the only hospital areas capable of measuring C.V.P.
W O 97/3212~ PCT~US97/03408 In the ER setting, fluid ~minictration is gauged empirically using only the patient's blood pressure and pulse to assess the ~leql1~cy of volume repl~cem~nt Hyperinfusion devices are best used while siml-lt~n~ously mon.~o.l.lg C.V.P. The volume and rate of flow into the patient can then be quickly and accurately adjusted to sustain an adequate C.V.P., but the complications s of heart failure and pulmonary edema from fluid overload are not çl;"~ ed due to human adjustm~nt error. The hyperinfuser of the present invention can optionally infuse fluids and measure C.V.P. ~imlllt~nsously through a single central venous catheter. The small device not only hyperinfuses fluid and monitors C.V.P., but can adjust the flow rate ~lltom~tic~lly to achieve any C.V.P. the physician desires. The present invention not only insures the ideal 10 infusion rate for any particular patient, but is an inexpensive alternative to large, expensive C.V.P monitors and obviates the need to place a second venous çs.~ çl~ dedicated only to C.V.P. readings. The present invention can include a dial to set the desired C.V.P., a screen that displays the actual C.V.P., and a m~ ni~", that stops the pump at pre-set time intervals in order to ~ l rly measure the C.V.P. The operator need only select how many times per minute the 5 pump should stop, read the C.V.P., and adiust the flow rate accol-lingly. A manual mode is provided to infuse at a simple fixed rate with a switch that will halt the pump and give the operator an in~t~nt~n~ous C.V.P. reading. A control means may be optionally used which 1.,~;,.1;1;.-~ the C.V.P. within a preset range. The adjustable pump means responds to signals from the control means and increases or decreases the fluid p.~s:iule and/or flow rate in response 20 thereto. Advantageously, the inventive device has an alarm inttir~ting when the IV fluid bag approaches empty.
The rapid infusion system is composed of two major portions. One portion inr.ludes pf'. IllA~ e~ ---c~ll, i.e., eql~ipm~nt which need not be sterilized and can be used over and over again, such as the pump motor and its related controls and optional e~uipment such as a C.V.P.
monitor and related controls, optionally a heating element and related controls and ~tt~hmf~nt means. The other portion in~ des the removable components of the system such as the pump and pump gears or rollers, blood or fluid reservoir, valves and tubing.
The disclosed rapid infusion system is an adjustable m~.h~nical pumping system for rapidly delivering blood and/or volume ~p~n~ing fluids to a patient suffering from acute hypovolemia. The principle of operation of the disclosed invention is one of mPch~nic~lly overcoming reei~t~n~e "~31Ood" is used herein to describe or refer to blood and/or volume çYp~n~in~ fluids delivered by the system since not only blood, but any other desired fluid may be delivered by the system. "Reservoir" as used herein in- llld~ one or more standard IV bags o or separate container(s) where more practical than an IV bag.
The subject invention pertains to a novel system for rapid, venous infusion of a physiologic fluid, such as blood, which can include in combination a reservoir for the physiologic fluid having an inlet port for receiving the physiologic fluid and an outlet port for dis~e~ g the physiologic fluid, an infusion pump to propel the physiologic fluid through the system, optional means for controlling the te~ el~LIlre ofthe physiologic fluid, optional means for filtering occlusive materials from the physiologic fluid, optional means for sensing the ples~u.~ of the physiologic fluid, means for infi-cing the physiologic fluid into a venous system and means for conveying the physiologic fluid to and from each of the components of the system.
In a plt;~ll~;d embodiment, the adjustable rapid infusion system colllplises a reservoir 20 having a capacity that can exceed several liters for holding a supply of physiologic fluid, the inventive infusion pump selected from the group C~ g of a gear pump, a turbine pump, a roller head occlusive pump, a nonocclusive centrifugal pump and the like; optional portions such as a pressure controlling means, a temperature controlling means; a filter to remove any occlusive material from the physiologic fluid; a sensor for detecting the presence of air bubbles CA 022l9663 l997-l0-28 W O 97/32129 . PCTrUS97/03408 in the physiologic fluid in conjunction with means for cutt~ng off the flow in the conduit in response to a detected air bubble. The pump advantageously is h-rlni~tly ~ s~ble and can provide fluid flow rates from less than about 10cc/minute to more than about 2000 cc~minute.
Optionally, the system may further include a Le~ ,el~LLIre sensor at the output of the s tel,.p~ re controlling means for ml?~euring and adjusting the physiologic temperature to the temperature within acceptable limits. The system may also have readout means, which display fluid temperature, line plt;S:iUI e, fluid flow rate, and total volume of fluid infused.
The inventive system has a variable speed pump motor so that the amount of volume being pumped in can be increased merely by increasing the rpm of the motor. The reservoir may 10 contain plural stages of filters and be provided with a pluraiity of inlets whereby volume ~om multiple sources can be fed into the reservoir to satis~,r any high df~m~n-l requirements of a patient. As set forth above, the system comprises a permanent portion and a removable and sterilizable portion. The removable portion in~.lucles pump gears and other components with which the volume comes into direct contact. The removable aspect of the invention provides an S extra measure of protection against co..~n..,;.~n~;nn to a subsequent patient.
Referring now in detail to Figure 1, the rapid infusion device 10 comprises an on/off switch 11, a C.V.P. f~lbac~ mode on/offswitch 12, a variable flow rate control 13 for use when C.V.P. is not being monitored and a liquid crystal display C.V.P. readout 14. Pump .~.e~
15 is driven by and removably connected to device 10 by ~tt~hm~nt to shaft 16. Optionally, 20 pump ...P~ 15 may be recessed within device 10 so that it does not extend outside device 10. Device 10 also in~hl~$ a C.V.P. input jack 17, a fluid flow meter 18, an A.C./D.C. selector switch 19, a C.V.P. setting 2û for use in the feedba-.~ mode and an external supply/charger port 21.
WO 97/3212g rCT/US97/03408 Figure 2 is a sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention wherein device 40 has a battery pack 41 cnnnPcted to a central venous pressure feeclbac~ regulator 42. A drive gear box 43 for driving a pump me~ (not shown) connected to a shaft 44 is driven by motor 45. Means to vary the ,~ e 46 is connPcted to battery pack 41 and motor 45 and can s vary the speed of motor 44 and thus the rotational speed input to gear box 43 and the pump m~rh~n-~m Figure 3 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention wherein device 60 has a battery pack 61, a C.V.P. regulator 62, a motor 63 with shaft 64, and a motor 65 with shaft 67. A means to vary the resi~t~nçe 66 is connected to battery pack 61, C.V.P.
o regulator 62, motor 65 and motor 63, and can vary the speed of motors 63, 65, thereby varying the rotational speed input to the single or multiple pump me-~h~nism(s) (not shown) which ~tt~çhes to the shafts 64, 67.
Figure 4 is a sectional view of one type of pump usable in an embodiment of the present invention. Pump 80 is ~tt~çh~d to shaft 16 of device 10 which drives pump means 82 and 83, thereby i-"pa,~--,g motion to fluid received from a reservoir through opening 81 and exiting through opening 84. As can be seen, the fluid goes through ~h~nnP.l~ around the .;i,.;u,.~rence of gear pump means 82 and 83.
Figure 5 is a sectional view of one type of pump usable in another embodiment of the present invention wherein ~ m 100 is ~tt~çhed to shaft 16 of device 10 which drives pump means lQ3 and 102, thereby imparting motion to a fluid from a reservoir received through opening 101 and exiting through opening 104. As can be seen the fluid goes between pump means 102 and 103.
Figure 6 is a side view of a pump mPrh~nicm usable with the present invention whereby shaft 122 is cnnn~cted to shaft 16 of unit 10, thereby driving gear 123 which imparts motion to W O 97/32129 PCTrUS97/03408 fluid received from a reservoir through opening lZ1 and exiting through opening 124. Raised shoulders 125 provides secure ~tt~rhmçnt to tubing or the like.
Figure 7 is a typical I.V. arr~ngrmentl40 for h~nging an I.V. bag 141 co~ g fluid which flows through tubing 143 to the rapid infusion device of the present invention 142.
Device 142 is ~tt~çhed to pole 147 by ~tt.qchm~nt means 146 and imparts motion to the fluid from bag 141 and directs it through tubing 144. Device 142 may be powered by an external power source through cord 145.
Figure 8 is a section~l view :~lWWilJ~ an optional C.V.P. monitc ring system for the present invention. Pumping mrf~h~niem 160 contains a pressure probe 161 connPctecl by a conduit 162 lO to the outlet 165 of the pllmring merh~nicm Fluid enters the ~ulllpillg mel.~ from a reservoir through inlet 164 whereby motion is imparted to the fluid by the pumping mer.h~niem gears 163. The fluid pressure as it exits the pump is directed through outlet 165 and tubing 162 which co~ llullicates with pressure probe 161.
Unlike standard or traditional methods of h~Ll~v~lous fluid ~tminietration~ the inventive rapid infusion system can provide continuous total repl~cPm~nt of adult human blood volume through any sort of hemorrhage, for an indpfinite period of time and can rapidly regulate fluid temperature with minim~l increase in reei.~t~nre to flow, easily and rapidly ~miniet~r massive qu~ntitiee of blood to a single patient during a single operation, ~-lmini~et~r physiologic fluid m~ ed at a predetermined temperature at flow rates in excess of 2000 cc per minute, and permit simlllt~np~ous display and control of fluid temperature, fiow rate, line pressure, and total volume of physiologic fluid ~rlminietPred. The system also is portable and able to be quickly and easily used in an emergency situation or by emergency personnel in the field. The blood delivered by the system can include clotting factors and can infuse an infinite amount of blood . - 10-W O97/32129 PCTrUS97/03408 over an i...l~ period of time based on the pump mec.h,...;~... employed, the tubing sizes, etc., employed.
If desired the present invention can consist of multiple pumps infil~ing blood or the like to a patient through multiple c~th~t~rs~ thereby providing such fluids in volumes to the patient which are far in excess of that possible by present infusers.
While the invention has been des~rihed in its ,ol ~rel I ed embodiment, it is to be understood that the words which have been used are words of description rather than limi~tion and that ch~nges may be made within the purview of the appended claims without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an al~pal~lus for the rapid infusion of circulatory supportive fluids such as blood into a patient. The system comprises pe-lllanellL co"~onents. The various components which physically come into contact with the fluid being infused can easily be removed and stprili7ed The p.;ncipal advantage achieved from this arr~n~Pmpnt resides in the s fact that it is small, lightweight, and portable. The system can be of a size to fit in a person's hand and is ideal for use by emergency personnel.
BACKGROUND OF T~ INVENTION
During ~u'ge,y or in the emergency room, it is frequently nçcç~ry to infuse blood or volume eYrRn-ling fluids rapidly into a patient, particularly when massive blood losses have occurred. Patients having inadequate blood volume can suffer serious consequences.
There are many c~ tic~n~ where large ~mollntc of blood can be lost in a very short period of time, for example, in cases of serious automobile ~c~ Pnt.~, gun shot wounds in critical areas of the body, and a variety of major surgery inr.lu(ling cancer surgery and heart and liver transplants.
In the past, the repl~cemrnt of large amounts of blood loss has been a major problem to the surgical teams ~ttPn-ling a :~u~lhlg patient. A common method of rapid infusion incl~dçs the use of a plurality of infusion sites ~imlllf~nPously. Infusion bags or bags of stored banked blood are interconnectPd by in~l~v~llous tubing. Frequently, a plurality of medical personnel are required to oversee the various infusion sites and to personally ensure the flow of blood fi om the blood bags.
~nçsth~P.ciologists are now regularly involved with cardiopulmonary res--~rit~ti~ n, trauma and organ transplantation procedures, and with m~ r~ ce of patient bodily functions during CA 022l9663 l997-l0-28 W O 97/32129 PCTnUS97/03408 trauma and organ tr~n~pl~nt~tion operations. During trauma and organ tr~n~pl~nt~tion operations, patient blood loss cannot, practically speaking, be contained by the operating surgeon and must be replaced by the anesthesiologists st~nrling in ~ten~l~nce It is not l.nr,c,.. oo for four to five ~nesthP.e;ologists or techni~ n~ to stand in ~tten~l~n~e during ~l~n:,~lanl operations s lasting more than twenty-four hours ~ ./ ;. .g to infuse massive ~uantities of blood through five or six venous catheters.
Clinical records obtained from actual operations involving trauma and liver transplantations reveal blood losses e~ e~l to be in excess of two hundred and fifty liters, a volume applox~ ely fifty times a normal adult's total blood volume. ~ltholl~h it is not lO l~nr.o~ for an an~the~iologist or trauma surgeon to encounter massive r~ n~-in~tion (ten liters and more) in a major trauma and ~.~..~lal.L~ion center, it is, however, unusual to s~lccre.cfillly res~sçit~te a patient ~,-vith such .l.as:,ive blood volume loss with traditional methods.
,Sterh~n.~, Jr., et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,061,241, disclose a rapid infusion device capable of high volume pumping composed of two units. A pe.lllanen~ unit comprising a base portion s which houses an AC/DC motor, a roller pump, and other associated gauges and switches. A
disposable unit inr,l~lde~ a filter reservoir, heat eY~h~nge colllponent, and associated tubing leading to the roller pump. The roller pump increases the volume of fluid being pumped by increasing the rpm of the pumping unit and inr.l~ldes a pressure control valve.
Sassano, U.S. Pat. No. 4,747,826, discloses a portable infusion app~l~Lus consisting of 20 supply sources, reservoirs, and associated tubes and valves leading to an infusion pump which can either be a roller head occlusive or centrifugal pump.
W O 97/32129 PCT~US97/03408 SUMMARY OF 1~ INVENTION
With knowledge of the shortcomings of present day blood infusion appa,~ ses noted above, applicant has developed the rapid infileinn system disclosed and claimed in the instant application.
s An object of the present invention is the provision of an al)pal~L~Is which would satisfy the various require,me~ of rapid infusion while at the same time redllçing the number of merlic~l and/or technical personnel required to monitor the equipment, a much desired improvement over presently known systems and practices used in critical life ll,re~t~
situations.
A further object ofthe present invention to provide an ~djllet~hle system which is capable of high volume infusion of blood and/or volume ~Yp~n~ling fluids into a patient. ~RIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring to the drawings:
FIGURE 1 is a front elevational view of the rapid infusion system.
S FIGllRE 2 is a sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention with a covering or container wall removed.
FIGURE 3 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention with a covering or container wall removed.
FIGURE 4 is a sectional view of a pump meçh~niem used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIGllRE 5 is a sectional view of a pump meçh~niem used in another embodiment of the present invention, FIGURE 6 is a side view of a pump m~. .h~ which connects to the rapid infusion unit.
W O 97/32129 PCTnUS97/03408 FIC~URE 7 is a frontal view ~huwing an I.V. pole, fluid bag and the rapid infusion system of the present invention.
FIGUR~ 8 is a sectional view of the present invention showing the optional C.V.P.
monitoring a~palaL-~s.
DESC~IPTION OF THE PREF~RRED EMBODlMENTS
The rapid infusion of IV fluids has proven to save lives in patients suL~Gling from blood loss. All rapid infusion devices pfeselllly available are large, heavy, prohibitively ~,~G-~siv-e, and e~L~ -el~ costly to operate because of special, e~Llelllely expensive, equipment that has to be discarded afLer each use. All of these devices include fluid warmers, adding to the unit's weight and size, and all operate using the same large, heavy, non-portable, roller pump me~h~ni~m The prior art rapid-infusion devices cannot be used with typical peripheral IV ç~nm7l~c but require large-bore central-line or venous cut-down catheters which can be inserted only by physicians.
Although rapid infusion, or hyp~o-rinfileinn, is a proven life saver, this technology is not cGllllllollly available to the public in most hospitals because of the aforementioned reasons.
The rapid infusion device of the present invention solves many problems present in prior art devices. It is small and portable, and if desired can be constructed so as to fit in the palm of your hand. It is inexpensive and can be potentially available to patients even in small rural h~ ~ ' It can be used with any IV tubing or other commonly available hospital equipment and can generate equivalent or greater flow rates than existing rapid infi~ n devices. The present illVGnLiVG device can be used with central lines, venous cut-down ~;aLhGLel~, or peripheral IV's that nurses and par~me~1ics can insert, therefore, it has potential application for use in ~mhlll~n-.ec, in the field, in emergency rooms, military applications, battlefield situations and the like.
W O 97/32129 PCTrUS97/03408 The present inventive device is cost effective and environm~nt~lly friendly since the actual pump mçchs~ni.cm can be removed and st~rili7e~ therefore nothing need be discarded or ~purchased. The device can be used for blood transfusions hllpal ~ing motion by a plessulc;
change, i.e., it can add fiuid to tubing which already contains the same or di~ele--L fluid and s thereby impart illcr~ased motion to the fluid already in the tubing without such fluid coming into contact with any portion of the device, therefore any pump me~ A ~ . . . can be used. The present invention also has excellent potential for military applications. Current hyperinfusion devices have no place in the military/battl~fi~ld areas. Their cost, size, lack of ~offit~i~ncy and lack of qualified field personnel preclude use of prior art hyperinfusion devices in such a setting.
o Therefore, the military has no access to hyperinfi-~it)n technology due to the size, cost and complexity of current devices. The present invention is small and portable. It can be sized to fit in a person's hand and can be powc;l~d by A.C. or D.C. current. If powered by D.C.
current, standard batteries can be used, in~ f1ing l~l.a.~eable batteries. Preferable when the infuser of the present invention is used in the field or in military applis~ti~ nc, it can be less than S about 5 inches by about 2.75 inches by about 2 inches, however the size is dependent upon the components used.
In patients cllff~ring blood loss, measuring the pressure in the large central veins, (central venous pl~s~ul~ or C.V.P.) is the best method for ~ssecsing the efficacy of volume repl~s~emçnt If the C.V.P. is low, the patient does not have adequate intravascular volume and thus further fiuid rec ~ccit~tion is n~c~cc~ry. A high C.V.P. is an indication of volume overload and can result in heart failure and p~llm~n~ry edema (or fiuid) in the lungs. Presently to measure C.V.P., a large catheter is placed in the patient's neck and connPcted to a pressure tr~nc~ cer which converts pl~S~iulc~ ~h~nges into an electrical signal displayed on an oscilloscope-type monitor. Intensive care units and operating rooms are usually the only hospital areas capable of measuring C.V.P.
W O 97/3212~ PCT~US97/03408 In the ER setting, fluid ~minictration is gauged empirically using only the patient's blood pressure and pulse to assess the ~leql1~cy of volume repl~cem~nt Hyperinfusion devices are best used while siml-lt~n~ously mon.~o.l.lg C.V.P. The volume and rate of flow into the patient can then be quickly and accurately adjusted to sustain an adequate C.V.P., but the complications s of heart failure and pulmonary edema from fluid overload are not çl;"~ ed due to human adjustm~nt error. The hyperinfuser of the present invention can optionally infuse fluids and measure C.V.P. ~imlllt~nsously through a single central venous catheter. The small device not only hyperinfuses fluid and monitors C.V.P., but can adjust the flow rate ~lltom~tic~lly to achieve any C.V.P. the physician desires. The present invention not only insures the ideal 10 infusion rate for any particular patient, but is an inexpensive alternative to large, expensive C.V.P monitors and obviates the need to place a second venous çs.~ çl~ dedicated only to C.V.P. readings. The present invention can include a dial to set the desired C.V.P., a screen that displays the actual C.V.P., and a m~ ni~", that stops the pump at pre-set time intervals in order to ~ l rly measure the C.V.P. The operator need only select how many times per minute the 5 pump should stop, read the C.V.P., and adiust the flow rate accol-lingly. A manual mode is provided to infuse at a simple fixed rate with a switch that will halt the pump and give the operator an in~t~nt~n~ous C.V.P. reading. A control means may be optionally used which 1.,~;,.1;1;.-~ the C.V.P. within a preset range. The adjustable pump means responds to signals from the control means and increases or decreases the fluid p.~s:iule and/or flow rate in response 20 thereto. Advantageously, the inventive device has an alarm inttir~ting when the IV fluid bag approaches empty.
The rapid infusion system is composed of two major portions. One portion inr.ludes pf'. IllA~ e~ ---c~ll, i.e., eql~ipm~nt which need not be sterilized and can be used over and over again, such as the pump motor and its related controls and optional e~uipment such as a C.V.P.
monitor and related controls, optionally a heating element and related controls and ~tt~hmf~nt means. The other portion in~ des the removable components of the system such as the pump and pump gears or rollers, blood or fluid reservoir, valves and tubing.
The disclosed rapid infusion system is an adjustable m~.h~nical pumping system for rapidly delivering blood and/or volume ~p~n~ing fluids to a patient suffering from acute hypovolemia. The principle of operation of the disclosed invention is one of mPch~nic~lly overcoming reei~t~n~e "~31Ood" is used herein to describe or refer to blood and/or volume çYp~n~in~ fluids delivered by the system since not only blood, but any other desired fluid may be delivered by the system. "Reservoir" as used herein in- llld~ one or more standard IV bags o or separate container(s) where more practical than an IV bag.
The subject invention pertains to a novel system for rapid, venous infusion of a physiologic fluid, such as blood, which can include in combination a reservoir for the physiologic fluid having an inlet port for receiving the physiologic fluid and an outlet port for dis~e~ g the physiologic fluid, an infusion pump to propel the physiologic fluid through the system, optional means for controlling the te~ el~LIlre ofthe physiologic fluid, optional means for filtering occlusive materials from the physiologic fluid, optional means for sensing the ples~u.~ of the physiologic fluid, means for infi-cing the physiologic fluid into a venous system and means for conveying the physiologic fluid to and from each of the components of the system.
In a plt;~ll~;d embodiment, the adjustable rapid infusion system colllplises a reservoir 20 having a capacity that can exceed several liters for holding a supply of physiologic fluid, the inventive infusion pump selected from the group C~ g of a gear pump, a turbine pump, a roller head occlusive pump, a nonocclusive centrifugal pump and the like; optional portions such as a pressure controlling means, a temperature controlling means; a filter to remove any occlusive material from the physiologic fluid; a sensor for detecting the presence of air bubbles CA 022l9663 l997-l0-28 W O 97/32129 . PCTrUS97/03408 in the physiologic fluid in conjunction with means for cutt~ng off the flow in the conduit in response to a detected air bubble. The pump advantageously is h-rlni~tly ~ s~ble and can provide fluid flow rates from less than about 10cc/minute to more than about 2000 cc~minute.
Optionally, the system may further include a Le~ ,el~LLIre sensor at the output of the s tel,.p~ re controlling means for ml?~euring and adjusting the physiologic temperature to the temperature within acceptable limits. The system may also have readout means, which display fluid temperature, line plt;S:iUI e, fluid flow rate, and total volume of fluid infused.
The inventive system has a variable speed pump motor so that the amount of volume being pumped in can be increased merely by increasing the rpm of the motor. The reservoir may 10 contain plural stages of filters and be provided with a pluraiity of inlets whereby volume ~om multiple sources can be fed into the reservoir to satis~,r any high df~m~n-l requirements of a patient. As set forth above, the system comprises a permanent portion and a removable and sterilizable portion. The removable portion in~.lucles pump gears and other components with which the volume comes into direct contact. The removable aspect of the invention provides an S extra measure of protection against co..~n..,;.~n~;nn to a subsequent patient.
Referring now in detail to Figure 1, the rapid infusion device 10 comprises an on/off switch 11, a C.V.P. f~lbac~ mode on/offswitch 12, a variable flow rate control 13 for use when C.V.P. is not being monitored and a liquid crystal display C.V.P. readout 14. Pump .~.e~
15 is driven by and removably connected to device 10 by ~tt~hm~nt to shaft 16. Optionally, 20 pump ...P~ 15 may be recessed within device 10 so that it does not extend outside device 10. Device 10 also in~hl~$ a C.V.P. input jack 17, a fluid flow meter 18, an A.C./D.C. selector switch 19, a C.V.P. setting 2û for use in the feedba-.~ mode and an external supply/charger port 21.
WO 97/3212g rCT/US97/03408 Figure 2 is a sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention wherein device 40 has a battery pack 41 cnnnPcted to a central venous pressure feeclbac~ regulator 42. A drive gear box 43 for driving a pump me~ (not shown) connected to a shaft 44 is driven by motor 45. Means to vary the ,~ e 46 is connPcted to battery pack 41 and motor 45 and can s vary the speed of motor 44 and thus the rotational speed input to gear box 43 and the pump m~rh~n-~m Figure 3 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention wherein device 60 has a battery pack 61, a C.V.P. regulator 62, a motor 63 with shaft 64, and a motor 65 with shaft 67. A means to vary the resi~t~nçe 66 is connected to battery pack 61, C.V.P.
o regulator 62, motor 65 and motor 63, and can vary the speed of motors 63, 65, thereby varying the rotational speed input to the single or multiple pump me-~h~nism(s) (not shown) which ~tt~çhes to the shafts 64, 67.
Figure 4 is a sectional view of one type of pump usable in an embodiment of the present invention. Pump 80 is ~tt~çh~d to shaft 16 of device 10 which drives pump means 82 and 83, thereby i-"pa,~--,g motion to fluid received from a reservoir through opening 81 and exiting through opening 84. As can be seen, the fluid goes through ~h~nnP.l~ around the .;i,.;u,.~rence of gear pump means 82 and 83.
Figure 5 is a sectional view of one type of pump usable in another embodiment of the present invention wherein ~ m 100 is ~tt~çhed to shaft 16 of device 10 which drives pump means lQ3 and 102, thereby imparting motion to a fluid from a reservoir received through opening 101 and exiting through opening 104. As can be seen the fluid goes between pump means 102 and 103.
Figure 6 is a side view of a pump mPrh~nicm usable with the present invention whereby shaft 122 is cnnn~cted to shaft 16 of unit 10, thereby driving gear 123 which imparts motion to W O 97/32129 PCTrUS97/03408 fluid received from a reservoir through opening lZ1 and exiting through opening 124. Raised shoulders 125 provides secure ~tt~rhmçnt to tubing or the like.
Figure 7 is a typical I.V. arr~ngrmentl40 for h~nging an I.V. bag 141 co~ g fluid which flows through tubing 143 to the rapid infusion device of the present invention 142.
Device 142 is ~tt~çhed to pole 147 by ~tt.qchm~nt means 146 and imparts motion to the fluid from bag 141 and directs it through tubing 144. Device 142 may be powered by an external power source through cord 145.
Figure 8 is a section~l view :~lWWilJ~ an optional C.V.P. monitc ring system for the present invention. Pumping mrf~h~niem 160 contains a pressure probe 161 connPctecl by a conduit 162 lO to the outlet 165 of the pllmring merh~nicm Fluid enters the ~ulllpillg mel.~ from a reservoir through inlet 164 whereby motion is imparted to the fluid by the pumping mer.h~niem gears 163. The fluid pressure as it exits the pump is directed through outlet 165 and tubing 162 which co~ llullicates with pressure probe 161.
Unlike standard or traditional methods of h~Ll~v~lous fluid ~tminietration~ the inventive rapid infusion system can provide continuous total repl~cPm~nt of adult human blood volume through any sort of hemorrhage, for an indpfinite period of time and can rapidly regulate fluid temperature with minim~l increase in reei.~t~nre to flow, easily and rapidly ~miniet~r massive qu~ntitiee of blood to a single patient during a single operation, ~-lmini~et~r physiologic fluid m~ ed at a predetermined temperature at flow rates in excess of 2000 cc per minute, and permit simlllt~np~ous display and control of fluid temperature, fiow rate, line pressure, and total volume of physiologic fluid ~rlminietPred. The system also is portable and able to be quickly and easily used in an emergency situation or by emergency personnel in the field. The blood delivered by the system can include clotting factors and can infuse an infinite amount of blood . - 10-W O97/32129 PCTrUS97/03408 over an i...l~ period of time based on the pump mec.h,...;~... employed, the tubing sizes, etc., employed.
If desired the present invention can consist of multiple pumps infil~ing blood or the like to a patient through multiple c~th~t~rs~ thereby providing such fluids in volumes to the patient which are far in excess of that possible by present infusers.
While the invention has been des~rihed in its ,ol ~rel I ed embodiment, it is to be understood that the words which have been used are words of description rather than limi~tion and that ch~nges may be made within the purview of the appended claims without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
Claims (27)
1. A rapid infusion system for rapidly delivering blood and/or volume expanding fluid to a patient, said rapid infusion device comprising in combination:
a. a permanent portion; and b. a removable portion;
wherein said permanent portion includes drive means and related control means therefor;
wherein said removable portion includes sub-components that come into contact with the fluid infused to the patient; and wherein said drive means provides for adjustable fluid flow rate.
a. a permanent portion; and b. a removable portion;
wherein said permanent portion includes drive means and related control means therefor;
wherein said removable portion includes sub-components that come into contact with the fluid infused to the patient; and wherein said drive means provides for adjustable fluid flow rate.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said removable portion included pump means operably connected to said drive means.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein said pump means is selected from the group consisting of a gear mechanism, a turbine mechanism, a centrifugal mechanism, and a roller mechanism.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein said pump means is a roller mechanism and includes a disposable flexible length of tubing serving as a pumping chamber.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein said removable portion is sterilizable and reusable.
6. The system of claim 1 which can provide fluid flow rates from less than about 10 cc/minute to more than about 2000 cc/minute.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the flow rate is infinitely adjustable.
8. A system for venous infusion of a physiologic fluid into a patient at an adjustable flow rate comprising in combination:
a. a reservoir for the physiologic fluid for dispensing the physiologic fluid;
b. a container for physiologic fluid not obtained directly from the patient to be furnished to the reservoir;
c. an adjustable flow rate pump means for propelling the physiologic fluid through the system;
wherein said pump means comprises a drive means and a removable fluid contacting portion.
a. a reservoir for the physiologic fluid for dispensing the physiologic fluid;
b. a container for physiologic fluid not obtained directly from the patient to be furnished to the reservoir;
c. an adjustable flow rate pump means for propelling the physiologic fluid through the system;
wherein said pump means comprises a drive means and a removable fluid contacting portion.
9. The system of claim 8 which can provide fluid flow rates from less than about 10 cc/minute to more than about 2000 cc/minute.
10. The system of claim 8 wherein the flow rate is infinitely adjustable.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein said removable portion is sterilizable and reusable.
12. A method for rapid infusion of a physiologic fluid into the venous system of a patient, comprising the steps of:
a. providing a reservoir of a physiologic fluid to be infused into a patient;
and b. propelling the physiologic fluid from the reservoir by an adjustable flow rate portable infusion mechanism having drive means and removable pump means into the venous system of the patient.
a. providing a reservoir of a physiologic fluid to be infused into a patient;
and b. propelling the physiologic fluid from the reservoir by an adjustable flow rate portable infusion mechanism having drive means and removable pump means into the venous system of the patient.
13. The method of claim 12 which can provide fluid flow rates from less than about 10 cc/minute to more than about 2000 cc/minute.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the flow rate is infinitely adjustable.
15. A power infuser comprising at least one fluid reservoir, fluid conduit means communicating with the reservoir, an adjustable propelling means downstream of the reservoir, means to control the pressure of the fluid, said fluid conduit means including tubing means in fluid communication with the reservoir, and separate means in fluid communication with the tubing means near the reservoir to selectably discharge fluid to a patient, wherein said propelling means comprises a drive means that does not contact the fluid and a pump means removably connected thereto which does contact and impart motion to the fluid.
16. The power infuser of claim 15 which can provide fluid flow rates from less than about 10 cc/minute to more than about 2000 cc/minute.
17. The power infuser of claim 15 wherein the flow rate is infinitely adjustable.
18. The power infusion of claim 15 including a Y-connector in the fluid conduit to the patient providing branched conduits to the patient, the branched conduits each including means to provide communication with a separate intravenous infusion system and means for access with a syringe.
19. The power infuser of claim 15 wherein the fluid reservoir is of sufficient capacity to transfuse the entire blood volume of an adult patient.
20. The power infuser of claim 15 being of a size and weight such that it can be easily held while in use by a person.
21. The power infuser of claim 15 wherein said pump means is energized by D.C. current.
22. The power infuser of claim 15 wherein said pump means is energized by A.C. current.
23. The power infuser of claim 15 having more than one pump means and the capability to infuse fluids into a person at multiple points and to infuse multiple types of fluids into a person.
24. The power infuser of claim 15 including means to measure the central venous pressure during infusion using a single venous catheter.
25. The power infuser of claim 24 including pump control means responsive to said central venous pressure measurement.
26. The rapid infusion system of claim 1 which is portable.
27. The power infuser of claim 21 wherein said pump means is energized by a battery selected from the group consisting of standard and rechargeable batteries.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/608,291 US5840068A (en) | 1996-02-28 | 1996-02-28 | Rapid infusion system |
| US08/608,291 | 1996-02-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2219663A1 true CA2219663A1 (en) | 1997-09-04 |
Family
ID=24435841
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002219663A Abandoned CA2219663A1 (en) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-02-27 | Rapid infusion system |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5840068A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0827570A4 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2219663A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9708299A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997032129A1 (en) |
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| US6328712B1 (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 2001-12-11 | Smisson-Cartledge Biomedical Corporation | Rapid infusion system |
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| CA2283321A1 (en) | 1997-03-03 | 1998-09-11 | O.R. Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for pressure infusion and temperature control of infused liquids |
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| US6471674B1 (en) * | 2000-04-21 | 2002-10-29 | Medrad, Inc. | Fluid delivery systems, injector systems and methods of fluid delivery |
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| US6730267B2 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2004-05-04 | Cardiovention, Inc. | Integrated blood handling system having active gas removal system and methods of use |
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| US6623470B2 (en) | 2001-06-27 | 2003-09-23 | Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Method and apparatus for controlling blood volume and hydration and for indicating resuscitation status of a patient using peripheral venous pressure as a hemodynamic parameter |
| US8226605B2 (en) | 2001-12-17 | 2012-07-24 | Medical Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for heating solutions within intravenous lines to desired temperatures during infusion |
| US20030130624A1 (en) * | 2002-01-07 | 2003-07-10 | Kowalik Francis C. | Medical infusion system with integrated power supply and pump therefor |
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| US4012177A (en) * | 1973-08-31 | 1977-03-15 | Yakich Sam S | Blood pump tube element |
| US4747826A (en) * | 1983-06-08 | 1988-05-31 | University Of Pittsburgh | Rapid venous infusion system |
| US4685902A (en) * | 1983-08-24 | 1987-08-11 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Disposable reservoir cassette |
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| US5061241A (en) * | 1989-01-19 | 1991-10-29 | Stephens Jr Harry W | Rapid infusion device |
| US4950136A (en) * | 1989-08-14 | 1990-08-21 | Hydro Systems Company | Peristaltic pump |
-
1996
- 1996-02-28 US US08/608,291 patent/US5840068A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-02-27 MX MX9708299A patent/MX9708299A/en unknown
- 1997-02-27 EP EP97908872A patent/EP0827570A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-02-27 CA CA002219663A patent/CA2219663A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-02-27 WO PCT/US1997/003408 patent/WO1997032129A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5840068A (en) | 1998-11-24 |
| MX9708299A (en) | 1998-04-30 |
| WO1997032129A1 (en) | 1997-09-04 |
| EP0827570A4 (en) | 2001-07-04 |
| EP0827570A1 (en) | 1998-03-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |