CA2273767C - Downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells - Google Patents
Downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2273767C CA2273767C CA002273767A CA2273767A CA2273767C CA 2273767 C CA2273767 C CA 2273767C CA 002273767 A CA002273767 A CA 002273767A CA 2273767 A CA2273767 A CA 2273767A CA 2273767 C CA2273767 C CA 2273767C
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- tool body
- valving member
- valve seat
- end portion
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B31/00—Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells
- E21B31/107—Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells using impact means for releasing stuck parts, e.g. jars
- E21B31/113—Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells using impact means for releasing stuck parts, e.g. jars hydraulically-operated
Abstract
A downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells provides an improved construction that features a movable piston that imparts upward blows to the tool body during use. The apparatus includes an elongated tool body having upper and lower end portions and a longitudinal flow bore for enabling fluid to pass from the upper end of the tool body to the lower end portion thereof. A
pair of pistons are slideably mounted within the tool body including an upper piston having a seat and a lower piston having a seat. A ball valving member is used to seal the upper piston, that ball valving member being pumped down through a work string such as a coiled tubing unit in order to reach the seat of the upper piston. A second valving member in the form of an elongated dart is disposed in between the two pistons. A trip mechanism separates the second valving member from the lower piston when a predetermined hydrostatic pressure value is overcome. Once the second valving member and lower piston are separated, the second piston is fired upwardly striking an anvil portion of the tool body to create the upward jar or blow.
pair of pistons are slideably mounted within the tool body including an upper piston having a seat and a lower piston having a seat. A ball valving member is used to seal the upper piston, that ball valving member being pumped down through a work string such as a coiled tubing unit in order to reach the seat of the upper piston. A second valving member in the form of an elongated dart is disposed in between the two pistons. A trip mechanism separates the second valving member from the lower piston when a predetermined hydrostatic pressure value is overcome. Once the second valving member and lower piston are separated, the second piston is fired upwardly striking an anvil portion of the tool body to create the upward jar or blow.
Description
"DOWNHOLE JAR APPARATUS FOR USE IN OIL AND GAS WELLS"
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to oil and gas well drilling, and more particularly to an improved downhole jar apparatus that delivers upward blows and which is activated by pumping a valuing member or activator ball downhole through a tubing string or work string. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to an improved downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells that includes upper and lower pistons that are each movable between upper and lower positions, the lower piston having a valve seat and a valuing member that can be moved to seal the valve seat wherein a trip mechanism separates the second valuing member from the lower piston seat when a predetermined pressure value is overcome and a return mechanism returns the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valuing member from the lower piston seat to deliver an upward jar to the tool body.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to oil and gas well drilling, and more particularly to an improved downhole jar apparatus that delivers upward blows and which is activated by pumping a valuing member or activator ball downhole through a tubing string or work string. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to an improved downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells that includes upper and lower pistons that are each movable between upper and lower positions, the lower piston having a valve seat and a valuing member that can be moved to seal the valve seat wherein a trip mechanism separates the second valuing member from the lower piston seat when a predetermined pressure value is overcome and a return mechanism returns the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valuing member from the lower piston seat to deliver an upward jar to the tool body.
2. General Background of the Invention In downhole well operation, there is often a need for jarring or impact devices. For example, such a "jar" is often used in work over operations using a pipe string or work string such as a coil tubing unit or a snubbing equipment. It is sometimes necessary to provide downward jarring impact at the bottom of the work string to enable the string to pass obstructions or otherwise enter the well. During fishing operations or other operations, such as opening restriction (i.e., collapsed tubing) it is sometimes necessary to apply upward jarring or impact forces at the bottom of the string if the fishing tool or the like becomes stuck.
In prior U.S. Patent 3,946,819, naming the applicant herein as patentee, there is disclosed a fluid operated well tool adapted to deliver downward jarring forces when the tool encounters obstructions. The tool of my prior U.S. Patent 3,946,819, generally includes a housing with a tubular stem member telescopically received in the housing for relative reciprocal movement between a first terminal position and a second terminal position in response to fluid pressure in the housing. The lower portion of the housing is formed to define a downwardly facing hammer and the stem member includes an upwardly facing anvil which is positioned to be struck by the hammer. The tool includes a valve assembly that is responsive to predetermined movement of the stem member toward the second terminal position to relieve fluid pressure and permit the stem member to return to the first terminal position. When the valve assembly relieves fluid pressure, the hammer moves into abrupt striking contact with the anvil. The tool of prior U.S. Patent 3,946,819, is effective in providing downward repetitive blows. The tool of the '819 patent will not produce upwardly directed blows.
In prior U.S. Patent 4,462,471, naming the applicant herein as patentee, there is provided a bidirectional fluid operated jarring apparatus that produces jarring forces in either the upward or downward direction. The jarring apparatus was used to provide upward or downward impact forces as desired downhole without removing the tool from the well bore for modification. The device provides downward jarring forces when the tool is in compression, as when pipe weight is being applied downwardly on the tool, and produces strong upward forces when is in tension, as when the tool is being pulled upwardly.
In U.S. Patent 4,462,471, there is disclosed a jarring or drilling mechanism that may be adapted to provide upward and downward blows. The mechanism of the '471 patent includes a housing having opposed axially spaced apart hammer surfaces slidingly mounted within the housing between the anvil surfaces.
A spring is provided for urging the hammer upwardly.
In general, the mechanism of the '471 patent operates by fluid pressure acting on the valve and hammer to urge the valve and hammer axially downwardly until the downward movement of the valve is stopped, preferably by the full compression of the valve spring.
When the downward movement of the valve stops, the seal between the valve and the hammer is broken and the valve moves axially upwardly. The direction jarring of the mechanism of the '471 patent is determined by the relationship between the fluid pressure and the strength of the spring that urges the hammer upwardly.
Normally, the mechanism is adapted for upward jarring. When the valve opens, the hammer moves upwardly to strike the downwardly facing anvil surface of the housing.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells provides an improved construction that delivers upward blows only.
The apparatus can be activated by pumping a valuing member (e. g., ball) downhole via a coil tubing unit, work string, or the like.
The present invention thus provides an improved downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells that includes an elongated tool body that is supportable by an elongated work string such as a coil tubing unit. The tool body provides an upper end portion that attaches to the coil tubing unit with a commercially available sub for an example, and a lower end portion that carries a working member. Such a working member can include for example, a pulling tool to extract a fish, down hole retrievable controls, a gravel pack or a safety jar, a motor or directional steering tool.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells, comprising:
a) an elongated tool body having an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and a longitudinal flow bore that enables fluid to flow through the tool body from the upper end to the lower end;
b) an upper piston mounted at the upper end portion of the tool body, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
c) a lower piston mounted below the upper piston, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
d) a first valuing member for sealing the valve seat of the upper piston so that hydrostatic pressure can build up above the upper piston;
e) a second valuing member disposed in between the upper and lower piston and having a lower valuing end portion that forms a seat with the lower piston valve seat, the second valuing member being movable downwardly in the tool body bore responsive to a pressure increase above the upper piston;
f) a trip mechanism for separating the second valuing member from the lower piston valve seat when a predetermined pressure value is overcome;
g) a return mechanism for returning the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valuing member from the lower piston valve seat; and h) wherein the tool body has an anvil portion positioned above the lower piston for receiving force from the lower piston when it is returned to its upper position by the return mechanism.
The tool body can include upper and lower tool body sections attached together end to end with a slip joint.
This allows the force of upward blows delivered by the piston to exceed the tension applied from the surface through the tubing string.
A tappet can be provided above the first piston, the tappet and first upper piston being separately movable members with a beveled seat interface provided at the connection between the bottom of the upper piston and the top of the tappet.
The tappet is used to momentarily interrupt fluid flow when the second or dart valving member fires upwardly. This interruption of fluid flow contributes to the rapid upward movement of the lower piston so that it can impact the tool body providing an upward jar.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells, comprising:
a) an elongated tool body supportable by a work string and having an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and a longitudinal flow bore that enables pressurized fluid to flow through the tool body from the upper end to the lower end;
b) an upper piston mounted at the upper end portion of the tool body, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
c) a lower piston mounted below the upper piston, movable between upper and lower positions in the tool body and having a valve seat;
In prior U.S. Patent 3,946,819, naming the applicant herein as patentee, there is disclosed a fluid operated well tool adapted to deliver downward jarring forces when the tool encounters obstructions. The tool of my prior U.S. Patent 3,946,819, generally includes a housing with a tubular stem member telescopically received in the housing for relative reciprocal movement between a first terminal position and a second terminal position in response to fluid pressure in the housing. The lower portion of the housing is formed to define a downwardly facing hammer and the stem member includes an upwardly facing anvil which is positioned to be struck by the hammer. The tool includes a valve assembly that is responsive to predetermined movement of the stem member toward the second terminal position to relieve fluid pressure and permit the stem member to return to the first terminal position. When the valve assembly relieves fluid pressure, the hammer moves into abrupt striking contact with the anvil. The tool of prior U.S. Patent 3,946,819, is effective in providing downward repetitive blows. The tool of the '819 patent will not produce upwardly directed blows.
In prior U.S. Patent 4,462,471, naming the applicant herein as patentee, there is provided a bidirectional fluid operated jarring apparatus that produces jarring forces in either the upward or downward direction. The jarring apparatus was used to provide upward or downward impact forces as desired downhole without removing the tool from the well bore for modification. The device provides downward jarring forces when the tool is in compression, as when pipe weight is being applied downwardly on the tool, and produces strong upward forces when is in tension, as when the tool is being pulled upwardly.
In U.S. Patent 4,462,471, there is disclosed a jarring or drilling mechanism that may be adapted to provide upward and downward blows. The mechanism of the '471 patent includes a housing having opposed axially spaced apart hammer surfaces slidingly mounted within the housing between the anvil surfaces.
A spring is provided for urging the hammer upwardly.
In general, the mechanism of the '471 patent operates by fluid pressure acting on the valve and hammer to urge the valve and hammer axially downwardly until the downward movement of the valve is stopped, preferably by the full compression of the valve spring.
When the downward movement of the valve stops, the seal between the valve and the hammer is broken and the valve moves axially upwardly. The direction jarring of the mechanism of the '471 patent is determined by the relationship between the fluid pressure and the strength of the spring that urges the hammer upwardly.
Normally, the mechanism is adapted for upward jarring. When the valve opens, the hammer moves upwardly to strike the downwardly facing anvil surface of the housing.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells provides an improved construction that delivers upward blows only.
The apparatus can be activated by pumping a valuing member (e. g., ball) downhole via a coil tubing unit, work string, or the like.
The present invention thus provides an improved downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells that includes an elongated tool body that is supportable by an elongated work string such as a coil tubing unit. The tool body provides an upper end portion that attaches to the coil tubing unit with a commercially available sub for an example, and a lower end portion that carries a working member. Such a working member can include for example, a pulling tool to extract a fish, down hole retrievable controls, a gravel pack or a safety jar, a motor or directional steering tool.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells, comprising:
a) an elongated tool body having an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and a longitudinal flow bore that enables fluid to flow through the tool body from the upper end to the lower end;
b) an upper piston mounted at the upper end portion of the tool body, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
c) a lower piston mounted below the upper piston, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
d) a first valuing member for sealing the valve seat of the upper piston so that hydrostatic pressure can build up above the upper piston;
e) a second valuing member disposed in between the upper and lower piston and having a lower valuing end portion that forms a seat with the lower piston valve seat, the second valuing member being movable downwardly in the tool body bore responsive to a pressure increase above the upper piston;
f) a trip mechanism for separating the second valuing member from the lower piston valve seat when a predetermined pressure value is overcome;
g) a return mechanism for returning the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valuing member from the lower piston valve seat; and h) wherein the tool body has an anvil portion positioned above the lower piston for receiving force from the lower piston when it is returned to its upper position by the return mechanism.
The tool body can include upper and lower tool body sections attached together end to end with a slip joint.
This allows the force of upward blows delivered by the piston to exceed the tension applied from the surface through the tubing string.
A tappet can be provided above the first piston, the tappet and first upper piston being separately movable members with a beveled seat interface provided at the connection between the bottom of the upper piston and the top of the tappet.
The tappet is used to momentarily interrupt fluid flow when the second or dart valving member fires upwardly. This interruption of fluid flow contributes to the rapid upward movement of the lower piston so that it can impact the tool body providing an upward jar.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells, comprising:
a) an elongated tool body supportable by a work string and having an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and a longitudinal flow bore that enables pressurized fluid to flow through the tool body from the upper end to the lower end;
b) an upper piston mounted at the upper end portion of the tool body, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
c) a lower piston mounted below the upper piston, movable between upper and lower positions in the tool body and having a valve seat;
d) a first valuing member for sealing the valve seat of the upper piston so that pressurized fluid can build hydrostatic pressure above the first valuing member and upper piston;
e) wherein the upper piston is an assembly that includes an upper piston member and a tappet that carries the upper piston seat, the tappet and upper piston member being separable members that move downwardly together when the first valuing member seals upon the valve seat of the upper piston assembly;
f) a second valuing member disposed in between the upper and lower pistons and having a lower valuing end portion that forms a seat with the lower piston valve seat;
g) a trip mechanism for separating the second valuing member from the lower piston valve seat when a predetermined pressure value in the tool body flow bore above the upper piston and first valuing member is overcome;
h) a return mechanism for returning the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valuing member from the lower piston valve seat; and i) wherein the tool body has an anvil portion positioned above the lower piston for receiving force from the lower piston when it is returned to its upper position by the return mechanism.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells, comprising:
a) an elongated tool body supportable by a work string and having an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and a longitudinal flow bore that enables - 5a -pressurized fluid to flow through the tool body from the upper end to the lower end;
b) an upper piston mounted at the upper end portion of the tool body, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
c) a lower piston mounted below the upper piston, movable between upper and lower positions in the tool body and having a valve seat;
d) a first valuing member for sealing the valve seat of the upper piston so that pressurized fluid can build hydrostatic pressure above the first valuing member and upper piston;
e) a second valuing member disposed in between the upper and lower pistons and having a lower valuing end portion that forms a seat with the lower piston valve seat;
f) a trip mechanism for separating the second valuing member from the lower piston valve seat when a predetermined pressure value in the tool body flow bore above the upper piston and first valuing member is overcome;
g) a return mechanism for returning the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valuing member from the lower piston valve seat; and h) an anvil carried by the tool body for receiving blows from the lower piston when the lower piston travels upwardly in the tool body.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a further understanding of the nature, objects, and advantages of the present invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description, read in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements and wherein:
- 5b -Figure lA is a sectional elevational view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the upper portion thereof;
Figure 1B is a sectional elevational view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the central portion thereof; and Figure 1C is a sectional elevational view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the lower end portion thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Figures lA, 1B, and 1C show generally the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention designated generally by the numeral 10. Jar apparatus 10 is comprised of an elongated tool - 5c -body 11 having an upper end portion 12 and a lower end portion 13.
The tool body 11 includes an upper tool body section 14 and a lower tool body section 15. The upper tool body section 14 is attached to the lower tool body section 15 through slip joint 46.
The tool body 11 has an elongated open ended flow bore 16 so that fluids can be pumped through the tool body 11 from the upper end 12 to the lower end 13.
At the upper end 12 of tool body 11, there is provided a first piston 17 having an O-ring 18 for forming a seal with tool body bore 16. Piston 17 sits upon tappet 23. The tappet 23 has a seat 19 that receives a ball valuing member 20 that is dropped from the surface through a work string, coil tubing unit, or the like, so that the ball can be pumped down to the tool body 11 and into the bore 16 so that it registers upon the seat 19.
The upper end 12 of the tool body 11 provides internal threads 21 for forming a connection with a work string, coil tubing string, or the like. A commercially available connecting member or sub can be used to form an interface in between the tool body 11 and the coil tubing unit, work string, or the like. At its lower end portion, tappet 23 provides a generally flat surface 24 that receives a correspondingly shaped flat surface of dart valuing member 31. Bore 16 enlarges below tappet 23 at 26. Annular shoulder 25A limits downward movement of piston 17 at shoulder 25B.
Flow channel 27 enables fluid to flow through the center of tappet 23 and around the tappet 23 as shown by arrows 29 in Figure lA. The center of the tappet 23 thus provides a tappet channel 28 through which fluid can flow when the seat 19 is not occupied by ball valuing member 20. Annular seat 30 can include beveled surfaces on piston 17 and tappet 23 to form a sealing interface in between the bottom of upper piston 17 and the top of tappet 23.
Dart valuing member 31 has an upper end portion 32 and a lower end portion 38. A flat surface 39 at lower end 38 can form a seal with seat 37 of second, lower piston 36.
To begin operation of the device, a shear pin or shear pins 34 (Figure 1B) affix the position of dart valuing member 31 in a fixed position relative to tool body 11. The ball valuing member 20 is dropped from the surface via the flow bore of a coil tubing unit, work string, or the like. The ball valuing member 20 is transmitted to the bore 16 using fluid flow. The ball valuing member enters bore 16 at upper chamber 35 immediately above tappet 23 and piston 17. The ball valuing member then registers upon seat 19 as shown by the phantom lines indicating the position of ball valuing member 20 in Figure lA when it is forming a seal upon seat 19.
When the dart valuing member 31 is pinned in place with shear pins 34, pumping fluid can pass through the tappet channel 28 and into flow channel 27 along the path indicated by arrows 29 in Figure lA. To activate the tool, the ball valuing member 20 is pumped down from the surface via a coil tubing unit, work string or the like to the bore 16 and above piston 17 into upper chamber 35.
The ball valuing member 20 seats upon seat 19 sealing the upper chamber and thus discontinuing the flow of fluid through the tool body 11. Hydrostatic pressure then builds up in upper chamber 35 above piston 17 due to the ball valuing member 20 sealing upon seat 19. Upper piston 17 has O-ring 18 that also contributes to the seal.
When pressure differential builds up sufficiently across piston 17, valve 31 is pressured down and the shear pin (or pins) 34 shear, allowing the dart valuing member 31 with its flat valve surface 39 to move downwardly in tool body 11, and seal upon seat 37 of lower piston 36. Once this seal occurs at seat 37, pressure builds up in bore 16 of tool body 11 above seat 37 and above piston 36. Seals 40 are provided on piston 36.
e) wherein the upper piston is an assembly that includes an upper piston member and a tappet that carries the upper piston seat, the tappet and upper piston member being separable members that move downwardly together when the first valuing member seals upon the valve seat of the upper piston assembly;
f) a second valuing member disposed in between the upper and lower pistons and having a lower valuing end portion that forms a seat with the lower piston valve seat;
g) a trip mechanism for separating the second valuing member from the lower piston valve seat when a predetermined pressure value in the tool body flow bore above the upper piston and first valuing member is overcome;
h) a return mechanism for returning the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valuing member from the lower piston valve seat; and i) wherein the tool body has an anvil portion positioned above the lower piston for receiving force from the lower piston when it is returned to its upper position by the return mechanism.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells, comprising:
a) an elongated tool body supportable by a work string and having an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and a longitudinal flow bore that enables - 5a -pressurized fluid to flow through the tool body from the upper end to the lower end;
b) an upper piston mounted at the upper end portion of the tool body, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
c) a lower piston mounted below the upper piston, movable between upper and lower positions in the tool body and having a valve seat;
d) a first valuing member for sealing the valve seat of the upper piston so that pressurized fluid can build hydrostatic pressure above the first valuing member and upper piston;
e) a second valuing member disposed in between the upper and lower pistons and having a lower valuing end portion that forms a seat with the lower piston valve seat;
f) a trip mechanism for separating the second valuing member from the lower piston valve seat when a predetermined pressure value in the tool body flow bore above the upper piston and first valuing member is overcome;
g) a return mechanism for returning the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valuing member from the lower piston valve seat; and h) an anvil carried by the tool body for receiving blows from the lower piston when the lower piston travels upwardly in the tool body.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a further understanding of the nature, objects, and advantages of the present invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description, read in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements and wherein:
- 5b -Figure lA is a sectional elevational view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the upper portion thereof;
Figure 1B is a sectional elevational view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the central portion thereof; and Figure 1C is a sectional elevational view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the lower end portion thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Figures lA, 1B, and 1C show generally the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention designated generally by the numeral 10. Jar apparatus 10 is comprised of an elongated tool - 5c -body 11 having an upper end portion 12 and a lower end portion 13.
The tool body 11 includes an upper tool body section 14 and a lower tool body section 15. The upper tool body section 14 is attached to the lower tool body section 15 through slip joint 46.
The tool body 11 has an elongated open ended flow bore 16 so that fluids can be pumped through the tool body 11 from the upper end 12 to the lower end 13.
At the upper end 12 of tool body 11, there is provided a first piston 17 having an O-ring 18 for forming a seal with tool body bore 16. Piston 17 sits upon tappet 23. The tappet 23 has a seat 19 that receives a ball valuing member 20 that is dropped from the surface through a work string, coil tubing unit, or the like, so that the ball can be pumped down to the tool body 11 and into the bore 16 so that it registers upon the seat 19.
The upper end 12 of the tool body 11 provides internal threads 21 for forming a connection with a work string, coil tubing string, or the like. A commercially available connecting member or sub can be used to form an interface in between the tool body 11 and the coil tubing unit, work string, or the like. At its lower end portion, tappet 23 provides a generally flat surface 24 that receives a correspondingly shaped flat surface of dart valuing member 31. Bore 16 enlarges below tappet 23 at 26. Annular shoulder 25A limits downward movement of piston 17 at shoulder 25B.
Flow channel 27 enables fluid to flow through the center of tappet 23 and around the tappet 23 as shown by arrows 29 in Figure lA. The center of the tappet 23 thus provides a tappet channel 28 through which fluid can flow when the seat 19 is not occupied by ball valuing member 20. Annular seat 30 can include beveled surfaces on piston 17 and tappet 23 to form a sealing interface in between the bottom of upper piston 17 and the top of tappet 23.
Dart valuing member 31 has an upper end portion 32 and a lower end portion 38. A flat surface 39 at lower end 38 can form a seal with seat 37 of second, lower piston 36.
To begin operation of the device, a shear pin or shear pins 34 (Figure 1B) affix the position of dart valuing member 31 in a fixed position relative to tool body 11. The ball valuing member 20 is dropped from the surface via the flow bore of a coil tubing unit, work string, or the like. The ball valuing member 20 is transmitted to the bore 16 using fluid flow. The ball valuing member enters bore 16 at upper chamber 35 immediately above tappet 23 and piston 17. The ball valuing member then registers upon seat 19 as shown by the phantom lines indicating the position of ball valuing member 20 in Figure lA when it is forming a seal upon seat 19.
When the dart valuing member 31 is pinned in place with shear pins 34, pumping fluid can pass through the tappet channel 28 and into flow channel 27 along the path indicated by arrows 29 in Figure lA. To activate the tool, the ball valuing member 20 is pumped down from the surface via a coil tubing unit, work string or the like to the bore 16 and above piston 17 into upper chamber 35.
The ball valuing member 20 seats upon seat 19 sealing the upper chamber and thus discontinuing the flow of fluid through the tool body 11. Hydrostatic pressure then builds up in upper chamber 35 above piston 17 due to the ball valuing member 20 sealing upon seat 19. Upper piston 17 has O-ring 18 that also contributes to the seal.
When pressure differential builds up sufficiently across piston 17, valve 31 is pressured down and the shear pin (or pins) 34 shear, allowing the dart valuing member 31 with its flat valve surface 39 to move downwardly in tool body 11, and seal upon seat 37 of lower piston 36. Once this seal occurs at seat 37, pressure builds up in bore 16 of tool body 11 above seat 37 and above piston 36. Seals 40 are provided on piston 36.
7 _ The combination of the seals 40, the piston 36, and the seal of flat valuing surface 39 upon seat 37 causes the lower piston 36 to move downwardly, gradually compressing and storing more and more energy in spring 43. At this time, the dart valuing member 31 is held in position upon seat 37 by pressure differential above seat 37, thus pulling the dart valuing member 31 downwardly, also storing energy in trip spring 50. The upper end 32 of dart valuing member 31 provides a beveled annular surface 51 that corresponds in shape to the beveled annular surface 52 of trip washer 49.
When the dart valuing member 31 and trip washer 49 move down as trip spring 50 is collapsed, the trip washer 49 encounters annual shoulder 47, breaking the seal at seat 37 between valuing member 31 and piston 36. The trip spring 50 then causes the valuing member to rapidly fly upwardly, its flat surface 33 striking the correspondingly shaped flat surface 24 of tappet 23.
This action of valuing member 31 striking tappet 23 creates a momentary seal at seat 30, interrupting incoming fluid flow. This flow interruption also allows the piston 36 to move upwardly in the tool body 11 very rapidly, striking an impact ledge or anvil in the form of an annular shoulder 53 (see Figure 1B).
The tool upper body section 14 is attached to the lower tool body section 15 through slip joint 46. This allows the force of the upper blow delivered by piston 36 to exceed the tension applied from the surface through the coil tubing unit, work string or tubing string. The tension is transmitted from upper tool body section 14 to lower tool body section 15 through annular shoulders 54, 55. The slip joint can be attached to the lower tool body section 15 using threaded connection 56 and set screws 57.
The following table lists the parts numbers and parts descriptions as used herein and in the drawings attached hereto.
_ g _ PARTS LIST
Part Number Description apparatus 11 tool body 5 12 upper end 13 lower end 14 upper tool body section lower tool body section 16 longitudinal flow bore 10 17 piston 18 O-ring 19 seat ball valuing member 21 internal threads 15 22 external threads 23 tappet 24 flat surface 25A annular shoulder 25B annular shoulder 20 26 bore 2~ flow channel 28 tappet channel 29 arrow seat 25 31 dart valuing member 32 upper end 33 flat surface 34 shear pin upper chamber 30 36 piston 3~ seat 38 lower end g _ 39 flat surface 40 seal 41 flow bore 42 rib 43 spring 44 annular shoulder 45 annular shoulder 46 slip joint 4~ annular shoulder 48 annular shoulder 49 trip washer 50 trip spring 51 beveled annular surface 52 beveled annular surface 53 impact ledge 54 annular shoulder 55 annular shoulder 56 threaded connection 5~ set screw The foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only; the scope of the present invention is to be limited only by the following claims.
- l0 -
When the dart valuing member 31 and trip washer 49 move down as trip spring 50 is collapsed, the trip washer 49 encounters annual shoulder 47, breaking the seal at seat 37 between valuing member 31 and piston 36. The trip spring 50 then causes the valuing member to rapidly fly upwardly, its flat surface 33 striking the correspondingly shaped flat surface 24 of tappet 23.
This action of valuing member 31 striking tappet 23 creates a momentary seal at seat 30, interrupting incoming fluid flow. This flow interruption also allows the piston 36 to move upwardly in the tool body 11 very rapidly, striking an impact ledge or anvil in the form of an annular shoulder 53 (see Figure 1B).
The tool upper body section 14 is attached to the lower tool body section 15 through slip joint 46. This allows the force of the upper blow delivered by piston 36 to exceed the tension applied from the surface through the coil tubing unit, work string or tubing string. The tension is transmitted from upper tool body section 14 to lower tool body section 15 through annular shoulders 54, 55. The slip joint can be attached to the lower tool body section 15 using threaded connection 56 and set screws 57.
The following table lists the parts numbers and parts descriptions as used herein and in the drawings attached hereto.
_ g _ PARTS LIST
Part Number Description apparatus 11 tool body 5 12 upper end 13 lower end 14 upper tool body section lower tool body section 16 longitudinal flow bore 10 17 piston 18 O-ring 19 seat ball valuing member 21 internal threads 15 22 external threads 23 tappet 24 flat surface 25A annular shoulder 25B annular shoulder 20 26 bore 2~ flow channel 28 tappet channel 29 arrow seat 25 31 dart valuing member 32 upper end 33 flat surface 34 shear pin upper chamber 30 36 piston 3~ seat 38 lower end g _ 39 flat surface 40 seal 41 flow bore 42 rib 43 spring 44 annular shoulder 45 annular shoulder 46 slip joint 4~ annular shoulder 48 annular shoulder 49 trip washer 50 trip spring 51 beveled annular surface 52 beveled annular surface 53 impact ledge 54 annular shoulder 55 annular shoulder 56 threaded connection 5~ set screw The foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only; the scope of the present invention is to be limited only by the following claims.
- l0 -
Claims (16)
1. A downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells, comprising:
a) an elongated tool body having an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and a longitudinal flow bore that enables fluid to flow through the tool body from the upper end to the lower end;
b) an upper piston mounted at the upper end portion of the tool body, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
c) a lower piston mounted below the upper piston, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
d) a first valving member for sealing the valve seat of the upper piston so that hydrostatic pressure can build up above the upper piston;
e) a second valving member disposed in between the upper and lower piston and having a lower valving end portion that forms a seat with the lower piston valve seat, the second valving member being movable downwardly in the tool body bore responsive to a pressure increase above the upper piston;
f) a trip mechanism for separating the second valving member from the lower piston valve seat when a predetermined pressure value is overcome;
g) a return mechanism for returning the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valving member from the lower piston valve seat; and h) wherein the tool body has an anvil portion positioned above the lower piston for receiving force from the lower piston when it is returned to its upper position by the return mechanism.
a) an elongated tool body having an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and a longitudinal flow bore that enables fluid to flow through the tool body from the upper end to the lower end;
b) an upper piston mounted at the upper end portion of the tool body, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
c) a lower piston mounted below the upper piston, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
d) a first valving member for sealing the valve seat of the upper piston so that hydrostatic pressure can build up above the upper piston;
e) a second valving member disposed in between the upper and lower piston and having a lower valving end portion that forms a seat with the lower piston valve seat, the second valving member being movable downwardly in the tool body bore responsive to a pressure increase above the upper piston;
f) a trip mechanism for separating the second valving member from the lower piston valve seat when a predetermined pressure value is overcome;
g) a return mechanism for returning the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valving member from the lower piston valve seat; and h) wherein the tool body has an anvil portion positioned above the lower piston for receiving force from the lower piston when it is returned to its upper position by the return mechanism.
2. The jar apparatus of claim 1 wherein the tool body includes upper and lower tool body sections attached together end to end with a slip joint.
3. The jar apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first valving member is a member that can be transmitted to the tool body via a work string.
4. The jar apparatus of claim 3 wherein the first valving member is a ball shaped valving member.
5. The jar apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a tappet that is positioned below the upper piston and above the second valving member.
6. The jar apparatus of claim 5 wherein the tappet and upper piston are separately movable members, and a seat interface is provided at the interface between the bottom of the upper piston at top of the tappet.
7. The jar apparatus of claim 1 wherein the second valving member has a generally flat upper end.
8. The jar apparatus of claim 1 wherein the second valving member has a generally flat lower end.
9. The jar apparatus of claim 1 wherein the trip mechanism includes a compressible member.
10. The jar apparatus of claim 9 wherein the compressible member is a spring.
11. The jar apparatus of claim 9 wherein the trip mechanism includes a compressible spring and a trip washer that cooperates with an annular shoulder on the tool body to separate the second valving member from the lower piston as the second valving member moves downwardly in the tool body.
12. The jar apparatus of claim 1 wherein the return mechanism includes a compressible member.
13. The jar apparatus of claim 12 wherein the compressible member is a spring.
14. The jar apparatus of claim 1 wherein the valving member is preliminarily secured to the tool body with one or more shear pins that shear as hydrostatic fluid pressure is increased.
15. A downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells, comprising:
a) an elongated tool body supportable by a work string and having an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and a longitudinal flow bore that enables pressurized fluid to flow through the tool body from the upper end to the lower end;
b) an upper piston mounted at the upper end portion of the tool body, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
c) a lower piston mounted below the upper piston, movable between upper and lower positions in the tool body and having a valve seat;
d) a first valuing member for sealing the valve seat of the upper piston so that pressurized fluid can build hydrostatic pressure above the first valving member and upper piston;
e) wherein the upper piston is an assembly that includes an upper piston member and a tappet that carries the upper piston seat, the tappet and upper piston member being separable members that move downwardly together when the first valving member seals upon the valve seat of the upper piston assembly;
f) a second valving member disposed in between the upper and lower pistons and having a lower valving end portion that forms a seat with the lower piston valve seat;
g) a trip mechanism for separating the second valving member from the lower piston valve seat when a predetermined pressure value in the tool body flow bore above the upper piston and first valving member is overcome;
h) a return mechanism for returning the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valving member from the lower piston valve seat; and i) wherein the tool body has an anvil portion positioned above the lower piston for receiving force from the lower piston when it is returned to its upper position by the return mechanism.
a) an elongated tool body supportable by a work string and having an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and a longitudinal flow bore that enables pressurized fluid to flow through the tool body from the upper end to the lower end;
b) an upper piston mounted at the upper end portion of the tool body, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
c) a lower piston mounted below the upper piston, movable between upper and lower positions in the tool body and having a valve seat;
d) a first valuing member for sealing the valve seat of the upper piston so that pressurized fluid can build hydrostatic pressure above the first valving member and upper piston;
e) wherein the upper piston is an assembly that includes an upper piston member and a tappet that carries the upper piston seat, the tappet and upper piston member being separable members that move downwardly together when the first valving member seals upon the valve seat of the upper piston assembly;
f) a second valving member disposed in between the upper and lower pistons and having a lower valving end portion that forms a seat with the lower piston valve seat;
g) a trip mechanism for separating the second valving member from the lower piston valve seat when a predetermined pressure value in the tool body flow bore above the upper piston and first valving member is overcome;
h) a return mechanism for returning the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valving member from the lower piston valve seat; and i) wherein the tool body has an anvil portion positioned above the lower piston for receiving force from the lower piston when it is returned to its upper position by the return mechanism.
16. A downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells, comprising:
a) an elongated tool body supportable by a work string and having an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and a longitudinal flow bore that enables pressurized fluid to flow through the tool body from the upper end to the lower end;
b) an upper piston mounted at the upper end portion of the tool body, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
c) a lower piston mounted below the upper piston, movable between upper and lower positions in the tool body and having a valve seat;
d) a first valuing member for sealing the valve seat of the upper piston so that pressurized fluid can build hydrostatic pressure above the first valving member and upper piston;
e) a second valving member disposed in between the upper and lower pistons and having a lower valving end portion that forms a seat with the lower piston valve seat;
f) a trip mechanism for separating the second valving member from the lower piston valve seat when a predetermined pressure value in the tool body flow bore above the upper piston and first valving member is overcome;
g) a return mechanism for returning the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valving member from the lower piston valve seat; and h) an anvil carried by the tool body for receiving blows from the lower piston when the lower piston travels upwardly in the tool body.
a) an elongated tool body supportable by a work string and having an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and a longitudinal flow bore that enables pressurized fluid to flow through the tool body from the upper end to the lower end;
b) an upper piston mounted at the upper end portion of the tool body, movable between upper and lower positions and having a valve seat;
c) a lower piston mounted below the upper piston, movable between upper and lower positions in the tool body and having a valve seat;
d) a first valuing member for sealing the valve seat of the upper piston so that pressurized fluid can build hydrostatic pressure above the first valving member and upper piston;
e) a second valving member disposed in between the upper and lower pistons and having a lower valving end portion that forms a seat with the lower piston valve seat;
f) a trip mechanism for separating the second valving member from the lower piston valve seat when a predetermined pressure value in the tool body flow bore above the upper piston and first valving member is overcome;
g) a return mechanism for returning the first piston to its upper position when the trip mechanism separates the second valving member from the lower piston valve seat; and h) an anvil carried by the tool body for receiving blows from the lower piston when the lower piston travels upwardly in the tool body.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/095,389 | 1998-06-10 | ||
| US09/095,389 US6182775B1 (en) | 1998-06-10 | 1998-06-10 | Downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2273767A1 CA2273767A1 (en) | 1999-12-10 |
| CA2273767C true CA2273767C (en) | 2005-01-04 |
Family
ID=22251757
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002273767A Expired - Lifetime CA2273767C (en) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-09 | Downhole jar apparatus for use in oil and gas wells |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6182775B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU746579B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2273767C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2338255B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO317513B1 (en) |
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-
1998
- 1998-06-10 US US09/095,389 patent/US6182775B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-06-08 AU AU33922/99A patent/AU746579B2/en not_active Expired
- 1999-06-09 NO NO19992809A patent/NO317513B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-09 CA CA002273767A patent/CA2273767C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-10 GB GB9913417A patent/GB2338255B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2338255A (en) | 1999-12-15 |
| NO992809D0 (en) | 1999-06-09 |
| CA2273767A1 (en) | 1999-12-10 |
| NO317513B1 (en) | 2004-11-08 |
| GB9913417D0 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
| NO992809L (en) | 1999-12-13 |
| AU746579B2 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
| GB2338255B (en) | 2002-06-19 |
| AU3392299A (en) | 1999-12-23 |
| US6182775B1 (en) | 2001-02-06 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20190610 |