CA2351191C - Hydrogen separation membrane - Google Patents
Hydrogen separation membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CA2351191C CA2351191C CA002351191A CA2351191A CA2351191C CA 2351191 C CA2351191 C CA 2351191C CA 002351191 A CA002351191 A CA 002351191A CA 2351191 A CA2351191 A CA 2351191A CA 2351191 C CA2351191 C CA 2351191C
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- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- membrane
- separation assembly
- wire mesh
- fluid separation
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 273
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 title description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000951 Aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OANFWJQPUHQWDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron manganese nickel Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe].[Ni].[Cu] OANFWJQPUHQWDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000934 Monel 400 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000269627 Amphiuma means Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000018199 S phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
- B01D63/081—Manufacturing thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
- B01D63/082—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes
- B01D63/084—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes at least one flow duct intersecting the membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/022—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
- C01B3/503—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion characterised by the membrane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/14—Specific spacers
Abstract
Fluid separation assemblies that can operate successfully in the environments present in hydrogen production, as well as being suitable for separation of hydrogen from gas steams containing hydrogen produced by any means, are provided. On embodiment of the invention provides a fluid separation assembly (110) that can reliably withstand high operating pressures and temperatures, the fluid separation assembly comprising fluid permeable membranes (138 and 162) supported by wire mesh membrane supports (118 and 128), wherein each of the wire mesh membrane supports has a coating that is an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier thereon.
Description
HYDROGEN SEPARATION MEMBRANE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention 'Che present invention relates to apparatuses and methods for separation of a desired :fluid from a fluid mixture. More particularly, the present invention is generally directed to a fluid separation assembly having a membrane permeable to a desired :fluid and a wire mesh membrane support that supports the permeable 1 o membrane and has a barrier that prevents intermetallic diffusion bonding.
This invention relates to metal membranes used for separating hydrogen gas from a mixture of gases.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention 'Che present invention relates to apparatuses and methods for separation of a desired :fluid from a fluid mixture. More particularly, the present invention is generally directed to a fluid separation assembly having a membrane permeable to a desired :fluid and a wire mesh membrane support that supports the permeable 1 o membrane and has a barrier that prevents intermetallic diffusion bonding.
This invention relates to metal membranes used for separating hydrogen gas from a mixture of gases.
2. Description of the Invention Backkground ~5 Several metal foils have been shown to be suitable for the separation of hydrogen gas from a gas mixture by a mechanism of difl"usion or transfer of hydrogen ions or protons through the normally non-porous metal foil with molecular hydrogen being recoverable on the: opposite side of the foil from the side contacting the gas mixture. Many workers in this field have employed different metals, metal alloys and 20 different structures to optimize the separation of the hydrogen component of a gas mixture or to purify hydrogen under the wide variety of conditions that can be present in a hydrogen containing gas stream at or near the conditions for hydrogen production.
The U.S. Patents to Johann G.E. Cohn 3,238,700 and Leonard R. Rubin 3,172,742 are exemplary of the early work in this field which employed alloys of palladium to 25 overcome some of the detrimental changes which can occur in the metal foil when subjected to substantial temperature changes in the presence of hydrogen, when produced typically by g~~s phase reactions such as the water gas shift reaction (steam over heated carbon or carbon containing materials), or the decomposition of hydrogen containing compounds. (Canadian Patent No. 579,535).
3o Lt is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide a supported hydrogen permeable metal or metal alloy foil-containing structure which can operate successfully in the environments present in hydrogen production as well as being suitable for separation of hydrogen from gas streams containing hydrogen produced by any means.
~ienerally, when separating a gas from a mixture of gases by diffusion, the gas mixture is typically brought into contact with a nonporous membrane which is selectively permeable to the gas that is desired to be separated from the gas mixture.
The desired gas diffuses through the permeable membrane and is separated from the other gas mixture. A pressure differential between opposite sides of the permeable membrane is usually created such that the diffusion process proceeds more effectively, wherein a higher partial pressure of the gas to be separated is maintained on the gas mixture side of the permeable membrane. It is also desireable for the gas mixture and the selectively permeable membrane to be maintained at elevated temperatures to facilitate; the separation of the desired gas from the gas mixture. This type of process can be used to separate hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen. Thus, in this application, the permeable membrane is permeable to hydrogen and is commonly constructed from palladium or a palladium alloy. The exposure to high temperatures and mechanical stresses created by the pressure differential dictates that 'the permeable membrane be supported in such a way that does nol: obstruct passage of the desired gas through the membrane.
One type of conventional apparatus used for the separation of hydrogen from a 2o gas mixture employs a woven refractory-type cloth for supporting the permeable membrane during the separation process. The disadvantage of this type of conventional membrane support is that the cloth support is susceptible to failure when it is exposed to high mechanical stresses associated with the differential pressure required to effect diffusion through the membrane material.
25 Another conventiional permeable membrane support is a metal gauze structure placed adjacent to the permeable membrane. The disadvantage of this type of support is that intermetallic diffusion bonding occurs between the membrane support and the permeable membrane when they are exposed to high pressures and high temperatures.
The high pressure tends 'to compress the permeable membrane and the metal gauze 30 together and the high temperatures tend to deteriorate the chemical bonds of those materials. Such undesirable condition results in migration of the molecules of the permeable membrane to the metal gauze membrane and the migration of molecules of the metal gauze membrane to the permeable membrane until a bond is formed between those two structures. This intermetallic diffusion bonding results in a composite material that is no longer permeable by the hydrogen gas.
Thus, the need exists for a method and apparatus for separating a desired fluid from a fluid mixture that can reliably withstand high operating pressures and temperatures.
Another need exists for a permeable membrane and support arrangement for separating a desired fluid from a fluid mixture, wherein the permeable membrane is not sus<;eptible to breakage or intermetallic diffusion bonding.
to Yet another need exists for a method of supporting a membrane that is permeable to a fluid, wherein the fluid penmeable membrane is exposed to high temperatures and high pressures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For the present invention to be readily understood and practiced, preferred embodiments will be described in conjunction with the following figures wherein:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a membrane assembly according to the present invention before welding;
2o FIG. 2 is a top view of the membrane assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 2A is a sectional view of the membrane assembly of FIG. 2 taken along the lines and arrows 2A;
FIG. 3 is a partia sectional view in perspective of the edge detail of the membrane of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a parti~a cut away view of the membrane assembly of the present invention;
FIG. S is a top isometric view of a fluid separation assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exploded isometric view of the fluid separation assembly of the 3o present invention shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an exploded isometric view of the female permeable membrane subassembly of the present invention shown in FIG. 5;
The U.S. Patents to Johann G.E. Cohn 3,238,700 and Leonard R. Rubin 3,172,742 are exemplary of the early work in this field which employed alloys of palladium to 25 overcome some of the detrimental changes which can occur in the metal foil when subjected to substantial temperature changes in the presence of hydrogen, when produced typically by g~~s phase reactions such as the water gas shift reaction (steam over heated carbon or carbon containing materials), or the decomposition of hydrogen containing compounds. (Canadian Patent No. 579,535).
3o Lt is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide a supported hydrogen permeable metal or metal alloy foil-containing structure which can operate successfully in the environments present in hydrogen production as well as being suitable for separation of hydrogen from gas streams containing hydrogen produced by any means.
~ienerally, when separating a gas from a mixture of gases by diffusion, the gas mixture is typically brought into contact with a nonporous membrane which is selectively permeable to the gas that is desired to be separated from the gas mixture.
The desired gas diffuses through the permeable membrane and is separated from the other gas mixture. A pressure differential between opposite sides of the permeable membrane is usually created such that the diffusion process proceeds more effectively, wherein a higher partial pressure of the gas to be separated is maintained on the gas mixture side of the permeable membrane. It is also desireable for the gas mixture and the selectively permeable membrane to be maintained at elevated temperatures to facilitate; the separation of the desired gas from the gas mixture. This type of process can be used to separate hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen. Thus, in this application, the permeable membrane is permeable to hydrogen and is commonly constructed from palladium or a palladium alloy. The exposure to high temperatures and mechanical stresses created by the pressure differential dictates that 'the permeable membrane be supported in such a way that does nol: obstruct passage of the desired gas through the membrane.
One type of conventional apparatus used for the separation of hydrogen from a 2o gas mixture employs a woven refractory-type cloth for supporting the permeable membrane during the separation process. The disadvantage of this type of conventional membrane support is that the cloth support is susceptible to failure when it is exposed to high mechanical stresses associated with the differential pressure required to effect diffusion through the membrane material.
25 Another conventiional permeable membrane support is a metal gauze structure placed adjacent to the permeable membrane. The disadvantage of this type of support is that intermetallic diffusion bonding occurs between the membrane support and the permeable membrane when they are exposed to high pressures and high temperatures.
The high pressure tends 'to compress the permeable membrane and the metal gauze 30 together and the high temperatures tend to deteriorate the chemical bonds of those materials. Such undesirable condition results in migration of the molecules of the permeable membrane to the metal gauze membrane and the migration of molecules of the metal gauze membrane to the permeable membrane until a bond is formed between those two structures. This intermetallic diffusion bonding results in a composite material that is no longer permeable by the hydrogen gas.
Thus, the need exists for a method and apparatus for separating a desired fluid from a fluid mixture that can reliably withstand high operating pressures and temperatures.
Another need exists for a permeable membrane and support arrangement for separating a desired fluid from a fluid mixture, wherein the permeable membrane is not sus<;eptible to breakage or intermetallic diffusion bonding.
to Yet another need exists for a method of supporting a membrane that is permeable to a fluid, wherein the fluid penmeable membrane is exposed to high temperatures and high pressures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For the present invention to be readily understood and practiced, preferred embodiments will be described in conjunction with the following figures wherein:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a membrane assembly according to the present invention before welding;
2o FIG. 2 is a top view of the membrane assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 2A is a sectional view of the membrane assembly of FIG. 2 taken along the lines and arrows 2A;
FIG. 3 is a partia sectional view in perspective of the edge detail of the membrane of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a parti~a cut away view of the membrane assembly of the present invention;
FIG. S is a top isometric view of a fluid separation assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exploded isometric view of the fluid separation assembly of the 3o present invention shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an exploded isometric view of the female permeable membrane subassembly of the present invention shown in FIG. 5;
3 FIG. 8 is an exploded isometric view of the :male permeable membrane subassembly of the present invention shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 is a sectional isometric view of the fluid separation assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of section A of the fluid separation assembly shown in FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid. separation assembly of the present invention shown in FIG. 5 taken along line 11-11;
FIG. 12 is an isometric sectional diagrammatical view of a module employing several fluid separation assemblies of the present invention; and FIG. 13 is an enlarged section B of the module shown in FIG. 12.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The hydrogen permeable membrane structure of the present invention comprises a disc shaped supported metal foil sized to overlap a support plate or disc capable of passing product gases diffused or transferred through the metal foil, which disc terminates at its periphery with a pair of beveled sheet metal support rings overlying the support plate and a pair of beveled sheet metal capture rings matched in shape to the beveled support rings to capture the hydrogen permeable membrane foil there between, the assembly terminating in an edge formed by the edges of the capture rings and support rings with the captured foil, which edge is then hermetically sealed by a weld bead joining all of the rings together. The assembly includes means for centrally removing the separated hydrogen from the support plate.
The present invention provides a fluid separation assembly having a Fluid permeable membrane and a wire mesh membrane support adjacent the fluid permeable membrane, wherein the wire mesh membrane support has an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier.
The present invention further provides a fluid separation assembly comprising a permeate plate having a first surface, a second surface, a fluid outlet and fluid passageways extending from said first surface and said second surface to said fluid outlet; first and second
FIG. 9 is a sectional isometric view of the fluid separation assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of section A of the fluid separation assembly shown in FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid. separation assembly of the present invention shown in FIG. 5 taken along line 11-11;
FIG. 12 is an isometric sectional diagrammatical view of a module employing several fluid separation assemblies of the present invention; and FIG. 13 is an enlarged section B of the module shown in FIG. 12.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The hydrogen permeable membrane structure of the present invention comprises a disc shaped supported metal foil sized to overlap a support plate or disc capable of passing product gases diffused or transferred through the metal foil, which disc terminates at its periphery with a pair of beveled sheet metal support rings overlying the support plate and a pair of beveled sheet metal capture rings matched in shape to the beveled support rings to capture the hydrogen permeable membrane foil there between, the assembly terminating in an edge formed by the edges of the capture rings and support rings with the captured foil, which edge is then hermetically sealed by a weld bead joining all of the rings together. The assembly includes means for centrally removing the separated hydrogen from the support plate.
The present invention provides a fluid separation assembly having a Fluid permeable membrane and a wire mesh membrane support adjacent the fluid permeable membrane, wherein the wire mesh membrane support has an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier.
The present invention further provides a fluid separation assembly comprising a permeate plate having a first surface, a second surface, a fluid outlet and fluid passageways extending from said first surface and said second surface to said fluid outlet; first and second
4 wire mesh membrane supports adjacent said first surface and said second surface of said permeate plate, respectively, each of said first and second wire mesh membrane supports comprising a wire mesh having a coating that is an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier and having an opening aligned with said fluid outlet of said permeate plate; and first and second fluid permeable membranes, said first fluid permeable membrane adjacent a surface of said first wire mesh membrane support opposite said permeate plate, said second fluid permeable membrane adjacent a surface of said second wire mesh membrane opposite said permeate plate, each of said first and second permeable membranes having an opening aligned with said fluid outlet.
The present invention further provides a fluid separation assembly comprising a permeate plate having opposing faces; first and second wire mesh membrane supports, each of said wire mesh membrane supports having a first surface and a second surface, wherein said first surface of each of said wire mesh membrane supports is adjacent said slotted permeate plate; first and second membranes permeable to a desired fluid, each said permeable membrane adjacent a said second surface of each said wire mesh membrane support; a permeate rim surrounding said permeate plate; first retainers adjacent each of said permeable membranes; second retainers adjacent said permeate plate and said wire mesh membrane supports; and gaskets between each of said wire mesh membrane supports and said permeable membranes, wherein said permeate rim, said first retainers, said second retainers, said permeable membranes and said gaskets are joined together at their peripheries, and wherein a gap is defined between the said slotted permeate plate and said permeate rim.
The present invention further provides a fluid separation module comprising a plurality of fluid separation assemblies, wherein each of said fluid separation assemblies comprises a permeate plate having opposing faces; first and second wire mesh membrane supports, each of said wire mesh membrane supports having a first surface and a second surface, wherein said first surface of each of said wire mesh membrane support is adjacent said slotted permeate plate; first and second membranes permeable to a desired fluid, each of said permeable membranes adjacent a said second surface of a said wire mesh membrane support; a permeate rim surrounding said permeate plate; first retainers adjacent each of said permeable membranes; second retainers between said permeate plate and each of said wire
The present invention further provides a fluid separation assembly comprising a permeate plate having opposing faces; first and second wire mesh membrane supports, each of said wire mesh membrane supports having a first surface and a second surface, wherein said first surface of each of said wire mesh membrane supports is adjacent said slotted permeate plate; first and second membranes permeable to a desired fluid, each said permeable membrane adjacent a said second surface of each said wire mesh membrane support; a permeate rim surrounding said permeate plate; first retainers adjacent each of said permeable membranes; second retainers adjacent said permeate plate and said wire mesh membrane supports; and gaskets between each of said wire mesh membrane supports and said permeable membranes, wherein said permeate rim, said first retainers, said second retainers, said permeable membranes and said gaskets are joined together at their peripheries, and wherein a gap is defined between the said slotted permeate plate and said permeate rim.
The present invention further provides a fluid separation module comprising a plurality of fluid separation assemblies, wherein each of said fluid separation assemblies comprises a permeate plate having opposing faces; first and second wire mesh membrane supports, each of said wire mesh membrane supports having a first surface and a second surface, wherein said first surface of each of said wire mesh membrane support is adjacent said slotted permeate plate; first and second membranes permeable to a desired fluid, each of said permeable membranes adjacent a said second surface of a said wire mesh membrane support; a permeate rim surrounding said permeate plate; first retainers adjacent each of said permeable membranes; second retainers between said permeate plate and each of said wire
5 mesh membrane supports; and gaskets between each of said wire mesh membrane supports said permeable membranes, wherein said permeate rim, said first retainers, said second retainers and said gaskets are joined together at their peripheries, and wherein a gap is defined between said permeate plate and said permeate rim.
The present invention further provides a method for separating a desired fluid from a fluid mixture comprising a membrane that is permeable by the desired fluid, providing a wire mesh membrane support with an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier, wherein the wire mesh membrane support is adjacent to the fluid permeable membrane, contacting the fluid permeable membrane support with the fluid mixture and contacting the wire mesh membrane support with the desired fluid permeating the fluid permeable membrane.
The present invention further provides for a method of making a fluid separation assembly comprising providing a membrane permeable to a desired fluid, providing a first retainer, providing a wire mesh membrane support having an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier and placing it adjacent the fluid permeable membrane, providing a 1 S permeate member adjacent the wire mesh membrane support, providing a gasket adjacent the fluid permeable membrane, providing a second retainer adjacent the wire mesh membrane support and joining the first retainer, the gasket and the second retainer at their peripheries.
The present invention provides for a method for supporting a fluid permeable membrane comprising providing a membrane that is permeable by a desired fluid, and providing a wire mesh membrane support with an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier, wherein the wire mesh membrane support is adjacent and supports the fluid permeable membrane.
The present invention further provides a method for separating a desired fluid from a fluid mixture comprising the step of providing a fluid separation assembly as described in the paragraph bridging pages 4 and 5; and contacting the fluid permeable membranes of the fluid separation assembly with the fluid mixture.
The present invention further provides a method of making a fluid separation assembly comprising the steps of providing a fluid separation assembly as described in the paragraph at page 5, lines 10 to 21; and hermetically sealing the first retainer, the gasket and the second retainer at their peripheries.
Sa Other details, objects and advantages of the; present invention will become more apparent with the following description of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention will be described below in terms of apparatuses and methods for separation of hydrogen from a mixture of gases. It should be noted that describing the present invention in terms of a hydrogen separation assembly is for illustrative purposes and the advantages of the present invention may be realized using other structures and technologies that have a need for such apparatuses and methods for separation of a desired fluid from a fluid mixture containing the desired fluid.
It is to be further understood that the Figures and descriptions of the present invention have been simplified to illustrate elements that are relevant for a clear understanding of the present invention, while eliminating, for purposes of clarity, other elements and/or descriptions thereof found in a hydrogen separation assembly.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other elements may be desirable Sb in order to implement the present invention. However, because such elements are well known in the art, and because they do not facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, a discussion of such elements is not provided herein.
In the manufacture of a metal membrane based gas separation device, it is necessary to eliminate all possible leak paths between the feed side of the membrane arid the product or permeate side of the membrane. This is done to maintain the highest possible purity of the product stream. Typically, a membrane used in this type of a device is very thin and consequently of low mechanical strength. A mechanical support, placed under the membrane on the product side, allows the membrane to function under high differential pressures at elevated temperatures. If membrane material is placed on both sides of the mechanical support, then the support itself is loaded under compressive stress during operation. Using this type of a design, the mechanical support can be less robust than would be necessary if it were loaded from one side only.
The present invention provides a way of sealing each membrane "half' independent of the mechanical support so that all possible leak paths are eliminated. If both membrane sheets are joined at their periphery using a single seam type weld to join parts, the probability of a leak through a welded seam is substantially reduced.
Many methods of the joining of thin metal foils used for hydrogen permeable 20 membranes are known. Efforts to achieve a hermetic seal of thin foil type membranes with welding, brazing or diffusion bonding are described in U.S. Patent No.
5,645,626. The problems with a brazed type joint occur because of the possibility of the brazing alloy contaminating the membrane surface during the brazing operation with metals, flux compounds, or other substances that would interfere with the membranes ability to transport hydrogen during operation. Diffusion bonding of membrane foils as a. means of attachment to fabricated support members is limited by the requirement that a hermetic seal in a bonded joint can only occur when the material in the bonding zone enters into the liquid stage at some time 30 during the bonding process The present invention involves the joining of two thin foil membranes (approx.
micron/0.001 inch) using commercially available welding technology. A
The present invention further provides a method for separating a desired fluid from a fluid mixture comprising a membrane that is permeable by the desired fluid, providing a wire mesh membrane support with an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier, wherein the wire mesh membrane support is adjacent to the fluid permeable membrane, contacting the fluid permeable membrane support with the fluid mixture and contacting the wire mesh membrane support with the desired fluid permeating the fluid permeable membrane.
The present invention further provides for a method of making a fluid separation assembly comprising providing a membrane permeable to a desired fluid, providing a first retainer, providing a wire mesh membrane support having an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier and placing it adjacent the fluid permeable membrane, providing a 1 S permeate member adjacent the wire mesh membrane support, providing a gasket adjacent the fluid permeable membrane, providing a second retainer adjacent the wire mesh membrane support and joining the first retainer, the gasket and the second retainer at their peripheries.
The present invention provides for a method for supporting a fluid permeable membrane comprising providing a membrane that is permeable by a desired fluid, and providing a wire mesh membrane support with an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier, wherein the wire mesh membrane support is adjacent and supports the fluid permeable membrane.
The present invention further provides a method for separating a desired fluid from a fluid mixture comprising the step of providing a fluid separation assembly as described in the paragraph bridging pages 4 and 5; and contacting the fluid permeable membranes of the fluid separation assembly with the fluid mixture.
The present invention further provides a method of making a fluid separation assembly comprising the steps of providing a fluid separation assembly as described in the paragraph at page 5, lines 10 to 21; and hermetically sealing the first retainer, the gasket and the second retainer at their peripheries.
Sa Other details, objects and advantages of the; present invention will become more apparent with the following description of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention will be described below in terms of apparatuses and methods for separation of hydrogen from a mixture of gases. It should be noted that describing the present invention in terms of a hydrogen separation assembly is for illustrative purposes and the advantages of the present invention may be realized using other structures and technologies that have a need for such apparatuses and methods for separation of a desired fluid from a fluid mixture containing the desired fluid.
It is to be further understood that the Figures and descriptions of the present invention have been simplified to illustrate elements that are relevant for a clear understanding of the present invention, while eliminating, for purposes of clarity, other elements and/or descriptions thereof found in a hydrogen separation assembly.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other elements may be desirable Sb in order to implement the present invention. However, because such elements are well known in the art, and because they do not facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, a discussion of such elements is not provided herein.
In the manufacture of a metal membrane based gas separation device, it is necessary to eliminate all possible leak paths between the feed side of the membrane arid the product or permeate side of the membrane. This is done to maintain the highest possible purity of the product stream. Typically, a membrane used in this type of a device is very thin and consequently of low mechanical strength. A mechanical support, placed under the membrane on the product side, allows the membrane to function under high differential pressures at elevated temperatures. If membrane material is placed on both sides of the mechanical support, then the support itself is loaded under compressive stress during operation. Using this type of a design, the mechanical support can be less robust than would be necessary if it were loaded from one side only.
The present invention provides a way of sealing each membrane "half' independent of the mechanical support so that all possible leak paths are eliminated. If both membrane sheets are joined at their periphery using a single seam type weld to join parts, the probability of a leak through a welded seam is substantially reduced.
Many methods of the joining of thin metal foils used for hydrogen permeable 20 membranes are known. Efforts to achieve a hermetic seal of thin foil type membranes with welding, brazing or diffusion bonding are described in U.S. Patent No.
5,645,626. The problems with a brazed type joint occur because of the possibility of the brazing alloy contaminating the membrane surface during the brazing operation with metals, flux compounds, or other substances that would interfere with the membranes ability to transport hydrogen during operation. Diffusion bonding of membrane foils as a. means of attachment to fabricated support members is limited by the requirement that a hermetic seal in a bonded joint can only occur when the material in the bonding zone enters into the liquid stage at some time 30 during the bonding process The present invention involves the joining of two thin foil membranes (approx.
micron/0.001 inch) using commercially available welding technology. A
6 single weld joint hermetically seals both membranes in one pass, reducing the probability of a failed weld joint due to weld induced stress, contamination present in the base metals, and of porosity in the finished weld by approximately 50%. The completed joint has advantages over present technology in the areas of reliability and ease of manufacturing.
The hydrogen separation membrane of the present invention is therefore an improvement over the membrane structure described in U.S. Patent No.
5,139,541.
The membrane support structure 10 of the present invention is, as shown in Fig. 1, a disc shaped member designed to contact the hydrogen containing gas with both of its exterior surfaces. The exposed exterior surface 12 of the foil is sandwiched under the outer ring 13 in a manner more fully described hereinafter. The central hole communicates with the interior space of the disc for removal of the hydrogen. The reverse side of the disc (not shown) is identical as can be seen on Figs. 2 and 2A. The internal support disc has a hole corresponding to the interior of the central support structure 21. The disc 20 has a solid perimeter which is shown in section at 25. Slots are provided in the disc which, radiate radially outward from its central hole to terminate at the edge of the outer perimeter. The edges of the slots are shown schematically at 27, 28 and 29 for example. The foil 30 is received on both faces of the disc 10. Hydrogen will be transported from the exterior of the disc 10 through the foil 30 arid into a slot 3~ in the support disc from where it can be removed through a central conduit (not shown) since the edges of the slots (for example 27, 28 and 29) communicate with the opening (hole 15) and the central conduit. Other means for permitting the exhaust of the hydrogen can be provided i.e. such as grooves instead of as slots or surface texturing or the like.
As previously described, the edge structure for the disc is critical for achieving a gas tight seal. Likewise, the foil preferably will be supported on an inert fabric such as woven fiberglass or a woven or non-woven ceramic material. Referring now to Fig. 3, the support disc 20 is covered on both sides with a layer of inert fabric 31. The 30 hydrogen permeable metal membrane foil 30 is received over the fabric 31. A pair of sheet metal support rings 36 and 37 are affixed to the support disc 20 around its periphery so as not to occlude the slots.
The beveled support rings 36 and 37 are
The hydrogen separation membrane of the present invention is therefore an improvement over the membrane structure described in U.S. Patent No.
5,139,541.
The membrane support structure 10 of the present invention is, as shown in Fig. 1, a disc shaped member designed to contact the hydrogen containing gas with both of its exterior surfaces. The exposed exterior surface 12 of the foil is sandwiched under the outer ring 13 in a manner more fully described hereinafter. The central hole communicates with the interior space of the disc for removal of the hydrogen. The reverse side of the disc (not shown) is identical as can be seen on Figs. 2 and 2A. The internal support disc has a hole corresponding to the interior of the central support structure 21. The disc 20 has a solid perimeter which is shown in section at 25. Slots are provided in the disc which, radiate radially outward from its central hole to terminate at the edge of the outer perimeter. The edges of the slots are shown schematically at 27, 28 and 29 for example. The foil 30 is received on both faces of the disc 10. Hydrogen will be transported from the exterior of the disc 10 through the foil 30 arid into a slot 3~ in the support disc from where it can be removed through a central conduit (not shown) since the edges of the slots (for example 27, 28 and 29) communicate with the opening (hole 15) and the central conduit. Other means for permitting the exhaust of the hydrogen can be provided i.e. such as grooves instead of as slots or surface texturing or the like.
As previously described, the edge structure for the disc is critical for achieving a gas tight seal. Likewise, the foil preferably will be supported on an inert fabric such as woven fiberglass or a woven or non-woven ceramic material. Referring now to Fig. 3, the support disc 20 is covered on both sides with a layer of inert fabric 31. The 30 hydrogen permeable metal membrane foil 30 is received over the fabric 31. A pair of sheet metal support rings 36 and 37 are affixed to the support disc 20 around its periphery so as not to occlude the slots.
The beveled support rings 36 and 37 are
7 dimensional to meet and form an edge. The foil 30 and 32 are positioned to overlay the fabric 31 received on the fabric 31 supported by the support disc 20. A
pair of sheet metal capture rings 40 and 41 are sized to mate with the support rings 36 and 37 respectively and capture the foil 30 and 32 between the support rings 36 and 37 and s the mel;al capture rings 40 and 41. A weld bead 50 joins all of the rings together. The disc 20, capture rings 40 and 41, and support rings 36 and 37 are all made from materials which are compatible with the end use environment for the membrane discs.
This invention differs from the present technology by reducing the total length of welded or sealed joints for a given pair of membranes with comparable outside 1o diameters. The invention also allows dimensional changes due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion used in the materials of the welded joint and dimensional changes encountered when the membrane material is saturated with hydrogen which occurs independently of other components in the assembly. This has the effect of further reducing stress on the membrane under operating conditions.
15 Additionally, this type of joint allows for the selection of lower cost materials of construction that are not physically a part of the welded joint further reducing the cost of manufacture.
The fabrication of these parts into a completed assembly is accomplished by assembly into a welding fixture that clamps the parts together. The membrane 2o material is mechanically forced between the bottom membrane support and the membrane cover rings during clamping into the weld fixture so that the outer edges are held tightly together in tight contact with the membrane. This clamped assembly is then seam welded at the outer perimeter. The single weld bead fuses the outer edges of the upper and lower bottom membrane support rings, the upper and lower 25 membranes, and the upper and lower membrane cover rings into a leak proof unit.
The actual seam. weld can be effected by a number of commercially available technologies, including but not limited to laser, electron beam, and tungsten inert gas (TIG) vvelding. 'The welded seam can be achieved with or without the addition of filler material to the weld zone. This type of weld may have other applications 3o requiring welding of thin metal foils for other uses outside the membrane application described.
pair of sheet metal capture rings 40 and 41 are sized to mate with the support rings 36 and 37 respectively and capture the foil 30 and 32 between the support rings 36 and 37 and s the mel;al capture rings 40 and 41. A weld bead 50 joins all of the rings together. The disc 20, capture rings 40 and 41, and support rings 36 and 37 are all made from materials which are compatible with the end use environment for the membrane discs.
This invention differs from the present technology by reducing the total length of welded or sealed joints for a given pair of membranes with comparable outside 1o diameters. The invention also allows dimensional changes due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion used in the materials of the welded joint and dimensional changes encountered when the membrane material is saturated with hydrogen which occurs independently of other components in the assembly. This has the effect of further reducing stress on the membrane under operating conditions.
15 Additionally, this type of joint allows for the selection of lower cost materials of construction that are not physically a part of the welded joint further reducing the cost of manufacture.
The fabrication of these parts into a completed assembly is accomplished by assembly into a welding fixture that clamps the parts together. The membrane 2o material is mechanically forced between the bottom membrane support and the membrane cover rings during clamping into the weld fixture so that the outer edges are held tightly together in tight contact with the membrane. This clamped assembly is then seam welded at the outer perimeter. The single weld bead fuses the outer edges of the upper and lower bottom membrane support rings, the upper and lower 25 membranes, and the upper and lower membrane cover rings into a leak proof unit.
The actual seam. weld can be effected by a number of commercially available technologies, including but not limited to laser, electron beam, and tungsten inert gas (TIG) vvelding. 'The welded seam can be achieved with or without the addition of filler material to the weld zone. This type of weld may have other applications 3o requiring welding of thin metal foils for other uses outside the membrane application described.
8 An assembly of forty-three individual discs prepared as described herein, containing approximately twenty square feet of total membrane area were operated at 300° C and 600 psig for a total of 200 hours with no noticeable decline in hydrogen separation function. The permeate side of the assembly was operated at a pressure of from about I 5 to 30 prig subjecting the assembly to a differential pressure across each membrane of 570-585 psig. The assembly was also subjected to about 30 cycles of operation from ambient conditions of temperature and pressure to the operating temperatures and pressures described without failure of the welded joint.
The limitations to maintaining weld integrity and thus a hermetically sealed weld joint are primarily in the selection of materials for the bottom support and top cover rings that are cozr ~ ~v ~'. ' - ~ ' a to be welded and selecting the proper weld parameters of ~'"'' - . ..: '. ' :v;hodiment of the fluid separation assembly I 10 of the present ~.;~s.:;'.:vn, wherein FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the fluid separation assembly 110 ~ ~~~ ~ " "' ~ ~ ~'°paration assembly 110 comprises first membrane retainers I 12, a female m~murarw ~uua~~~rWly 114, a first membrane gasket 116, a first wire mesh membrane support 118, second membrane retainers 120, a slotted permeate plate 122, a permeate rim 124, a second wire mesh membrane support 128, a second membrane gasket 130 and a male membrane subassembly 132. In one embodiment, the first retainers 112 may be substantially flat ring members having an outside diameter equal to the diameter of the female and male membrane subassemblies 114 and 132 and a thickness of between approximately 0.001 inches and 0.060 inches. The first membrane retainers 112 each have a centrally disposed opening 113 and 135. The first membrane retainers 112 may be made from Monel~ alloy 400 (UNS N
04400); however, other materials that are compatible with the welding process, discussed below, may also be used. It will also be appreciated that while first retainers 112 are shown as comprising substantially annular members they may have other desired shapes and other thicknesses without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a female permeable membrane subassembly 114. In this embodiment, female membrane subassembly 114, comprises a female gasket seat 136, a hydrogen permeable membrane 138, an inner diameter membrane
The limitations to maintaining weld integrity and thus a hermetically sealed weld joint are primarily in the selection of materials for the bottom support and top cover rings that are cozr ~ ~v ~'. ' - ~ ' a to be welded and selecting the proper weld parameters of ~'"'' - . ..: '. ' :v;hodiment of the fluid separation assembly I 10 of the present ~.;~s.:;'.:vn, wherein FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the fluid separation assembly 110 ~ ~~~ ~ " "' ~ ~ ~'°paration assembly 110 comprises first membrane retainers I 12, a female m~murarw ~uua~~~rWly 114, a first membrane gasket 116, a first wire mesh membrane support 118, second membrane retainers 120, a slotted permeate plate 122, a permeate rim 124, a second wire mesh membrane support 128, a second membrane gasket 130 and a male membrane subassembly 132. In one embodiment, the first retainers 112 may be substantially flat ring members having an outside diameter equal to the diameter of the female and male membrane subassemblies 114 and 132 and a thickness of between approximately 0.001 inches and 0.060 inches. The first membrane retainers 112 each have a centrally disposed opening 113 and 135. The first membrane retainers 112 may be made from Monel~ alloy 400 (UNS N
04400); however, other materials that are compatible with the welding process, discussed below, may also be used. It will also be appreciated that while first retainers 112 are shown as comprising substantially annular members they may have other desired shapes and other thicknesses without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a female permeable membrane subassembly 114. In this embodiment, female membrane subassembly 114, comprises a female gasket seat 136, a hydrogen permeable membrane 138, an inner diameter membrane
9 gasket 1140 and a center support washer 142. In this embodiment, the female gasket seat l3ti is a substantially flat ring member 144 having a raised face 146 extending around the ring member 144 and a centrally disposed opening 145. It will be appreciated that while this embodiment is shown with gasket seats with this configuration, there may be other geometries of gasket seats specific to other gasket configurations or materials that may be used without departing from the spirit and the scope of the present invention. The female gasket seat 136 may be made from Monel 400; however, other materials such as nickel, copper, nickel alloys, copper alloys, or other alloys that provide for compatible fusion with the chosen permeable membrane 1 o material. during welding may be used. In this embodiment, the hydrogen permeable membrane 13$ is a substantially planar member having a circular configuration, opposing sides 148 and a centrally disposed circular opening 150. The inner diameter membrane gasket 140 is also a flat ring member having a centrally disposed opening 151. Also in this embodiment, the inner diameter membrane gasket 140 may be made from Monel 400 (LJNS N 04400); however, other materials such as nickel, copper, nickel alloys, copper alloys, or other alloys that provide for compatible fusion with the chosen permeable membrane material during welding may be used. The center support 'washer 142 is a flat ring member having a centrally disposed opening 153.
The center support washer 142 may be made of Monel 400 (LJNS N 04400);
however, other materials such as nickel, copper, nickel alloys, copper alloys, or other alloys that provide for compatible fusion with the chosen permeable membrarxe material or alloy during welding may be used.
Referring back to~ FIG. 6, in this embodiment, the first and second membrane gaskets :l 16 and 130 are each a substantially flat ring member having a centrally-disposed opening 155 and 157, respectively. In this embodiment, the first and second membrane gaskets 116 and 130 may be made from Monel 400 alloy (UNS N 004400), nickel, copper, nickel alloys, copper alloys or other precious alloys or other alloys compatible with the weld that is used to join the components of the fluid separation assembl;r 110 and which is discussed below. The first and second membrane gaskets 116 and 130 may have a thickness of between approximately 0.0005 inches to 0.005 inches. however, other l;asket thicknesses could be employed.
suasmur~ sH~r Also in this embodiment, the first and second wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128 are planar, ring-shaped members having centrally disposed openings and 154., respectively. T'he wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128 may be made from 316L stainless steel alloy with a mesh count of between approximately 19 to 1,000 mesh per inch, wherein the mesh count is chosen to be adequate to support the hydrogen permeable membranes 138 and 162. The style of woven mesh may include a standard plain square vveave, twill square weave, rectangular plain or twill weave or trianguhtr plain or twill ~Neave. One example of a mesh count that may be used is 49 mesh per inch. The wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128 may be made of steel 1 o alloys, stainless steel alloys, nickel alloys or copper alloys. The wire mesh may be coated with a thin film treat prevents intermetallic diffusion bonding (i.e., an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier). The intermetallic diffusion bonding barner may be a thin film containing at least one of an oxide, a nitride, a boride, a silicide, a carbide, or an aluminide and may be applied using a number of conventional methods, including but not limited to, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor disposition, and plasma enhanced vapor deposition. For example, the method of reactive sputtering, a form of PVD, can be used to apply a thin oxide film of between approximately 600-700 angstroms to the wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128.
A variety of oxides, nitrides, borides, silicides, carbides and aluminides may also be 2o used for the thin film as well as any thin films that will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Using this form of PVD results in a dense amorphous thin film having approximately the same mechanical strength as the bulk thin film material.
Also in this embodiment, the second membrane retainers 120 each are a substantially flat ring member. One retainer 120 has a centrally disposed opening 159 and retainer 120 has a centrally disposed opening 161. See FIG. 6. These retainers 120 may be the same thickness as the first and second wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128. The second membrane retainers 120 may be made from a material that is compatible with the wE;ld, discussed below, such as Monel 400 (UNS N
004400) 3o and nickel, copper, nickel alloys, copper alloys, precious metals or alloys, or other alloys that provide for compatible fusion with the chosen membrane material or alloy during welding may be used.
In this embodiment, the slotted permeate plLate 122 is a steel plate having a plurality of slots 156 extending radially and outwardly from a central opening 158 in. the direction of the periphery of the slotted permeate plate 122. The number of slots 156 in a slotted permeate plate 122 may range from approximately 10 to 72. However, other suitable slot densities could conceivably be employed. The permeate plate rim 124 is a substantially flat ring member having a centrally disposed opening 163 and an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the slotted permeate plate 122. The permeate plate rim 124 is made from Monel 400 (LTNS N 04400); however, other materials can also be used such as nickel, copper, nickel alloys, copper alloys, precious metals or alloys or other alloys that provide for compatible fusion with the chosen membrane material or ailloy during welding.
FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the male permeable membrane subassembly I32. The male membrane subassembly 132 comprises a male gasket seat 160, a hydrogen permeable membrane 162, an inner diameter membrane gasket 164, and a center support washer 166. The hydrogen permeable membranes 138 and i62 may be made from at least one hydrogen permeable metal or an alloy containing at least one hydrogen permeable metal, preferably selected from the transition metals of groups VIIB or VIIIB of the Periodic Table.
The hydrogen permeable membrane 162, the inner diameter membrane gasket 164, and the center support washer 166 are similar in structure to the hydrogen permeable membrane 138, the inner diameter membrane gasket 140 and the center support washer 142, respectively, discussed above. The male gasket seat 160 is a substantially planar ring member 168 having a circular protuberance 170 extending around a centrally disposed opening 172.
In this embodiment, the female gasket seat 136 and the male gasket seat 160 are made of a high strength alloy material that is compatible with the weld such as Monel 400.
The inner diameter member gaskets 140 and 164 are made from the same materials as the first and second outer diameter membrane gaskets 116 and 130, discussed above.
FIGS. 9 through 11 are various cross-sectional views of the assembled fluid separation assembly 110 of the present invention, wherein fIG. 10 is an enlarged view of section A of the fluid separation assembly 110 shown in FI<J. 9, and FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional plan view of the assembled fluid separation assembly 110. When assembling the components of the fluid separation assembly 110 shown in FIGS. 6-8, the female membrane subassembly 114 and the male membrane subassembly 132 are initially assembled. The female gasket seat 136, the permeable membrane 138, the inner diameter membrane gasket 140 and the center support washer 142 are placed adjacent one another, as shown in FIG. 11, such that their central disposed openings 145, 150, 151 and 153, respectively, are coaxially aligned. A first weld 171, shown in FIG- 11, is placed at the openings thereof The first weld 171 takes the form. of a weld bead creating a hermetic seal between the female gasket seat 136, the permeable membrane 138, the inner diameter membrane gasket 140 and the center support washer 142. The weld 171 can be effected by a number of commercially available 10 technologies, including but not limited to, lasers, electron beam and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. Alternative joining technologies such as brazing or soldering may also be employed with the desired result being a gas tight bond between the gasket seat 136 and the permeable membrane 138- Likewise, the components of the male membrane subassembly 132, which include the male gasket seat 160, the permeable membrane 162, the inner diameter membrane gasket 164 and the center support washer 166 are also placed adjacent one another, as shown in FIG- 11, such that their centrally disposed openings 172, 181, 183 and 184 are coaxidly aligned with each other and a second weld bead 1?3, shown in FIG, 1 l, is placed around the .J circumference of the openings 1?2, 181, 183 and 184 thereof As stated above, the 20 weld 173 can be effected by a number of commercially available technologies, including but not limited to, laser, electron beam, and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding.
After the components of the female membrane subassembly 11.4 and the components of the male membrane subassembly 132 have each been connected by the welds 171 and 173, respectively, they are assembled with the other components described above to form the fluid separation assembly 110. As shown in FIG. 6, the first and second retainer members 11.2 and 120, the female and male membrane subassemblies I 14 and 132, the first and second outer diameter gaskets 116 and 130, the first and second wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128, the slotted permeate plate 122 and the permeate rim 124 are aligned such that their centrally disposed openings are coaxially aligned. As shown in FIG. 11, these components are retained in that configuration by placing a weld 174 at the outer periphery of the first and ~: ~~S 99/2b527 ~~$? 4 DEC 2000 second retainer members 1 I 2 and 120, the female and male membrane subassemblies 114 and 132, the first and second outer diameter membrane gaskets 116 and 130, and the slotted ~>ermeate rim 124. Alternatively, these parts could be assembled such that their centrally disposed openings are coaxially aligned, as shown in FIG. 11, and connected to one another by performing a brazing or soldering operation at the outer periphery of the first and second retainer members 112 and 120, the female and male membrane subassemblies 114 and I 32, the first and second outer diameter membrane gaskets 116 and 130 and the slotted permeate rim 124. As seen in FIG. 10, a space 175 is provided between the slotted permeate plate 122 and the permeate rim o which permits expansion and contraction of the components of the fluid separation assembly 1 ll 0 resulting from the change in temperature. Assembled, the fluid separation assembly 1 I 0 may have a thickness ranging from 0.010 inches to 0.125 inches, depending upon the thicknesses of the components employed.
Whew separating the hydrogen from a mixture of gas that includes hydrogen, the gas mixture is directed towards the permeable membranes 138 and 162 of the female membrane subassembly 114 and the male membrane subassembly 132, respectively, in the directions D and E, as shown in FIG. 11. For clarity, the permeable membranes 138 and 162 of the female and male membrane subassemblies 114 and 132, respectively are shown in FIG. l 1 as being spaced from the first and 2o second wire mesh membrane supports I 18 and 128; however, in use, the permeable membranes 138 and 162 are in contact with the first and second wire mesh membrane supports 11.8 and 128 and are supported thereby. When the gas mixture containing hydrogen contacts the hydrogen permeable membranes 138 and 162, the hydrogen permeates through the permeable membranes 138 and 162, passes through the first and second wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128 and enters the slotted permeate plate 122 where the hydrogen enters a specific slot 156 and to be directed toward the central axis C by the passageways formed by the slots 156. The central openings of the components of the fluid separation assembly 110, shown in FIG.
6, form a conduit 180 wherein the purified hydrogen is collected and transported to a 3o desired location. The conduit 180 may have a diameter of between approximately 0.25 inches and 1 inch.- T'he diameter is determined by the components of the fluid separation assembly 110 <~nd by the desire that the hydrogen flow be substantially AMENDED SHEET
unimpeded. The non-hydrogen gases in the gas mixture are prevented from entering the fluid separation assembly 110 by the fluid permeable membranes 138 and 162.
The rerrtainder of the hydrogen depleted gas mixture is directed around the exterior of the fluid separation assembly 110 in this embodiment.
FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate a module 185 employing several fluid separation assemblies 110 of the present invention, wherein FIG. 13 is an enlarged section B of the module 185. Each of the fluid separation assemblies 110 are shown as a solid body for clarity. However, each of the fluid separation assemblies 110 are the same as the fluid separation assemblies 110 shown in FIGS. 5-11. The module 185 has a feed 1o gas inlet: 191, a permeate outlet 190 and a discharge gas outlet 193. The fluid separation assemblies 110 are coaxially aligned. Distribution plates 187 are sandwiched between and separate the fluid separation assemblies 110. The distribution plates 187 are positioned on a shoulder of the gasket seats 136 in such a manner 'that they are positioned equidistant from the planar surface of the permeable 15 membrane assemblies 114 and 132 in successive fluid separation assemblies 110. The distribution plates 187 a~~e not fixedly connected to the gasket seats 136 and 160, but rather rest on a shoulder of the gasket seat 136. There is sufficient clearance between the centc~ai opening of the redistribution plate 187 and the shoulder on the female gasket seat 136 that the redistribution plates 187 and the fluid separation assemblies 20 110 are allowed to position themselves inside the wall of the membrane housing independently of the position of the fluid separation assemblies 110. Each distribution plate 187 has openings 189 therein. The fluid separation assemblies 110 are aligned one with the .other such that each of the conduits 180 of the fluid separation assemblies 110 form a larger conduit 190. The path of the gas mixture 25 containing hydrogen, represented by arrow G, enters the opening 189 and travels along thE: outer surface of the fluid separation assembly 110, wherein some of the hydrogen of the gas mixture is free to enter the fluid separation assembly 110 by the permeable membranes 1:38 and 162 and is directed along path F into the larger conduit 1190 and the remaining gas mixture follows arrow G and serpentines through 3o the passageway, formed by the distribution plates 187, the fluid separation assemblies 110 and 'the interior wall 192 of the module 185. As the gas mixture travels through the passageway, it contacts the outer surfaces of several other fluid separation SUBSTITUTE SHEET (Rltt.E26~
assemblies 110, wherein more of the hydrogen remaining in the gas mixture permeates the permeable; membrane 138 and 162 and follows the path F resulting in this purified hydrogen entering the larger conduit 190. The remainder of the hydrogen depleted gas mixture exits through a port 193 located at the opposite end of the module 185 after flowing over the entire stack of fluid separation membrane assemblies 110.
Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with the above described embodiments thereof, it is expected that many modifications and variations will be developed. This disclosure and the following claims are intended to to cover all such modifications and variations suasmvrE sH~r
The center support washer 142 may be made of Monel 400 (LJNS N 04400);
however, other materials such as nickel, copper, nickel alloys, copper alloys, or other alloys that provide for compatible fusion with the chosen permeable membrarxe material or alloy during welding may be used.
Referring back to~ FIG. 6, in this embodiment, the first and second membrane gaskets :l 16 and 130 are each a substantially flat ring member having a centrally-disposed opening 155 and 157, respectively. In this embodiment, the first and second membrane gaskets 116 and 130 may be made from Monel 400 alloy (UNS N 004400), nickel, copper, nickel alloys, copper alloys or other precious alloys or other alloys compatible with the weld that is used to join the components of the fluid separation assembl;r 110 and which is discussed below. The first and second membrane gaskets 116 and 130 may have a thickness of between approximately 0.0005 inches to 0.005 inches. however, other l;asket thicknesses could be employed.
suasmur~ sH~r Also in this embodiment, the first and second wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128 are planar, ring-shaped members having centrally disposed openings and 154., respectively. T'he wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128 may be made from 316L stainless steel alloy with a mesh count of between approximately 19 to 1,000 mesh per inch, wherein the mesh count is chosen to be adequate to support the hydrogen permeable membranes 138 and 162. The style of woven mesh may include a standard plain square vveave, twill square weave, rectangular plain or twill weave or trianguhtr plain or twill ~Neave. One example of a mesh count that may be used is 49 mesh per inch. The wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128 may be made of steel 1 o alloys, stainless steel alloys, nickel alloys or copper alloys. The wire mesh may be coated with a thin film treat prevents intermetallic diffusion bonding (i.e., an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier). The intermetallic diffusion bonding barner may be a thin film containing at least one of an oxide, a nitride, a boride, a silicide, a carbide, or an aluminide and may be applied using a number of conventional methods, including but not limited to, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor disposition, and plasma enhanced vapor deposition. For example, the method of reactive sputtering, a form of PVD, can be used to apply a thin oxide film of between approximately 600-700 angstroms to the wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128.
A variety of oxides, nitrides, borides, silicides, carbides and aluminides may also be 2o used for the thin film as well as any thin films that will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Using this form of PVD results in a dense amorphous thin film having approximately the same mechanical strength as the bulk thin film material.
Also in this embodiment, the second membrane retainers 120 each are a substantially flat ring member. One retainer 120 has a centrally disposed opening 159 and retainer 120 has a centrally disposed opening 161. See FIG. 6. These retainers 120 may be the same thickness as the first and second wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128. The second membrane retainers 120 may be made from a material that is compatible with the wE;ld, discussed below, such as Monel 400 (UNS N
004400) 3o and nickel, copper, nickel alloys, copper alloys, precious metals or alloys, or other alloys that provide for compatible fusion with the chosen membrane material or alloy during welding may be used.
In this embodiment, the slotted permeate plLate 122 is a steel plate having a plurality of slots 156 extending radially and outwardly from a central opening 158 in. the direction of the periphery of the slotted permeate plate 122. The number of slots 156 in a slotted permeate plate 122 may range from approximately 10 to 72. However, other suitable slot densities could conceivably be employed. The permeate plate rim 124 is a substantially flat ring member having a centrally disposed opening 163 and an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the slotted permeate plate 122. The permeate plate rim 124 is made from Monel 400 (LTNS N 04400); however, other materials can also be used such as nickel, copper, nickel alloys, copper alloys, precious metals or alloys or other alloys that provide for compatible fusion with the chosen membrane material or ailloy during welding.
FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the male permeable membrane subassembly I32. The male membrane subassembly 132 comprises a male gasket seat 160, a hydrogen permeable membrane 162, an inner diameter membrane gasket 164, and a center support washer 166. The hydrogen permeable membranes 138 and i62 may be made from at least one hydrogen permeable metal or an alloy containing at least one hydrogen permeable metal, preferably selected from the transition metals of groups VIIB or VIIIB of the Periodic Table.
The hydrogen permeable membrane 162, the inner diameter membrane gasket 164, and the center support washer 166 are similar in structure to the hydrogen permeable membrane 138, the inner diameter membrane gasket 140 and the center support washer 142, respectively, discussed above. The male gasket seat 160 is a substantially planar ring member 168 having a circular protuberance 170 extending around a centrally disposed opening 172.
In this embodiment, the female gasket seat 136 and the male gasket seat 160 are made of a high strength alloy material that is compatible with the weld such as Monel 400.
The inner diameter member gaskets 140 and 164 are made from the same materials as the first and second outer diameter membrane gaskets 116 and 130, discussed above.
FIGS. 9 through 11 are various cross-sectional views of the assembled fluid separation assembly 110 of the present invention, wherein fIG. 10 is an enlarged view of section A of the fluid separation assembly 110 shown in FI<J. 9, and FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional plan view of the assembled fluid separation assembly 110. When assembling the components of the fluid separation assembly 110 shown in FIGS. 6-8, the female membrane subassembly 114 and the male membrane subassembly 132 are initially assembled. The female gasket seat 136, the permeable membrane 138, the inner diameter membrane gasket 140 and the center support washer 142 are placed adjacent one another, as shown in FIG. 11, such that their central disposed openings 145, 150, 151 and 153, respectively, are coaxially aligned. A first weld 171, shown in FIG- 11, is placed at the openings thereof The first weld 171 takes the form. of a weld bead creating a hermetic seal between the female gasket seat 136, the permeable membrane 138, the inner diameter membrane gasket 140 and the center support washer 142. The weld 171 can be effected by a number of commercially available 10 technologies, including but not limited to, lasers, electron beam and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. Alternative joining technologies such as brazing or soldering may also be employed with the desired result being a gas tight bond between the gasket seat 136 and the permeable membrane 138- Likewise, the components of the male membrane subassembly 132, which include the male gasket seat 160, the permeable membrane 162, the inner diameter membrane gasket 164 and the center support washer 166 are also placed adjacent one another, as shown in FIG- 11, such that their centrally disposed openings 172, 181, 183 and 184 are coaxidly aligned with each other and a second weld bead 1?3, shown in FIG, 1 l, is placed around the .J circumference of the openings 1?2, 181, 183 and 184 thereof As stated above, the 20 weld 173 can be effected by a number of commercially available technologies, including but not limited to, laser, electron beam, and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding.
After the components of the female membrane subassembly 11.4 and the components of the male membrane subassembly 132 have each been connected by the welds 171 and 173, respectively, they are assembled with the other components described above to form the fluid separation assembly 110. As shown in FIG. 6, the first and second retainer members 11.2 and 120, the female and male membrane subassemblies I 14 and 132, the first and second outer diameter gaskets 116 and 130, the first and second wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128, the slotted permeate plate 122 and the permeate rim 124 are aligned such that their centrally disposed openings are coaxially aligned. As shown in FIG. 11, these components are retained in that configuration by placing a weld 174 at the outer periphery of the first and ~: ~~S 99/2b527 ~~$? 4 DEC 2000 second retainer members 1 I 2 and 120, the female and male membrane subassemblies 114 and 132, the first and second outer diameter membrane gaskets 116 and 130, and the slotted ~>ermeate rim 124. Alternatively, these parts could be assembled such that their centrally disposed openings are coaxially aligned, as shown in FIG. 11, and connected to one another by performing a brazing or soldering operation at the outer periphery of the first and second retainer members 112 and 120, the female and male membrane subassemblies 114 and I 32, the first and second outer diameter membrane gaskets 116 and 130 and the slotted permeate rim 124. As seen in FIG. 10, a space 175 is provided between the slotted permeate plate 122 and the permeate rim o which permits expansion and contraction of the components of the fluid separation assembly 1 ll 0 resulting from the change in temperature. Assembled, the fluid separation assembly 1 I 0 may have a thickness ranging from 0.010 inches to 0.125 inches, depending upon the thicknesses of the components employed.
Whew separating the hydrogen from a mixture of gas that includes hydrogen, the gas mixture is directed towards the permeable membranes 138 and 162 of the female membrane subassembly 114 and the male membrane subassembly 132, respectively, in the directions D and E, as shown in FIG. 11. For clarity, the permeable membranes 138 and 162 of the female and male membrane subassemblies 114 and 132, respectively are shown in FIG. l 1 as being spaced from the first and 2o second wire mesh membrane supports I 18 and 128; however, in use, the permeable membranes 138 and 162 are in contact with the first and second wire mesh membrane supports 11.8 and 128 and are supported thereby. When the gas mixture containing hydrogen contacts the hydrogen permeable membranes 138 and 162, the hydrogen permeates through the permeable membranes 138 and 162, passes through the first and second wire mesh membrane supports 118 and 128 and enters the slotted permeate plate 122 where the hydrogen enters a specific slot 156 and to be directed toward the central axis C by the passageways formed by the slots 156. The central openings of the components of the fluid separation assembly 110, shown in FIG.
6, form a conduit 180 wherein the purified hydrogen is collected and transported to a 3o desired location. The conduit 180 may have a diameter of between approximately 0.25 inches and 1 inch.- T'he diameter is determined by the components of the fluid separation assembly 110 <~nd by the desire that the hydrogen flow be substantially AMENDED SHEET
unimpeded. The non-hydrogen gases in the gas mixture are prevented from entering the fluid separation assembly 110 by the fluid permeable membranes 138 and 162.
The rerrtainder of the hydrogen depleted gas mixture is directed around the exterior of the fluid separation assembly 110 in this embodiment.
FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate a module 185 employing several fluid separation assemblies 110 of the present invention, wherein FIG. 13 is an enlarged section B of the module 185. Each of the fluid separation assemblies 110 are shown as a solid body for clarity. However, each of the fluid separation assemblies 110 are the same as the fluid separation assemblies 110 shown in FIGS. 5-11. The module 185 has a feed 1o gas inlet: 191, a permeate outlet 190 and a discharge gas outlet 193. The fluid separation assemblies 110 are coaxially aligned. Distribution plates 187 are sandwiched between and separate the fluid separation assemblies 110. The distribution plates 187 are positioned on a shoulder of the gasket seats 136 in such a manner 'that they are positioned equidistant from the planar surface of the permeable 15 membrane assemblies 114 and 132 in successive fluid separation assemblies 110. The distribution plates 187 a~~e not fixedly connected to the gasket seats 136 and 160, but rather rest on a shoulder of the gasket seat 136. There is sufficient clearance between the centc~ai opening of the redistribution plate 187 and the shoulder on the female gasket seat 136 that the redistribution plates 187 and the fluid separation assemblies 20 110 are allowed to position themselves inside the wall of the membrane housing independently of the position of the fluid separation assemblies 110. Each distribution plate 187 has openings 189 therein. The fluid separation assemblies 110 are aligned one with the .other such that each of the conduits 180 of the fluid separation assemblies 110 form a larger conduit 190. The path of the gas mixture 25 containing hydrogen, represented by arrow G, enters the opening 189 and travels along thE: outer surface of the fluid separation assembly 110, wherein some of the hydrogen of the gas mixture is free to enter the fluid separation assembly 110 by the permeable membranes 1:38 and 162 and is directed along path F into the larger conduit 1190 and the remaining gas mixture follows arrow G and serpentines through 3o the passageway, formed by the distribution plates 187, the fluid separation assemblies 110 and 'the interior wall 192 of the module 185. As the gas mixture travels through the passageway, it contacts the outer surfaces of several other fluid separation SUBSTITUTE SHEET (Rltt.E26~
assemblies 110, wherein more of the hydrogen remaining in the gas mixture permeates the permeable; membrane 138 and 162 and follows the path F resulting in this purified hydrogen entering the larger conduit 190. The remainder of the hydrogen depleted gas mixture exits through a port 193 located at the opposite end of the module 185 after flowing over the entire stack of fluid separation membrane assemblies 110.
Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with the above described embodiments thereof, it is expected that many modifications and variations will be developed. This disclosure and the following claims are intended to to cover all such modifications and variations suasmvrE sH~r
Claims (36)
1. A fluid separation assembly comprising:
a. a permeate plate having a first surface, a second surface, a fluid outlet and fluid passageways extending from said first surface and said second surface to said fluid outlet;
b. first and second wire mesh membrane supports adjacent said first surface and said second surface of said permeate plate, respectively, each of said first and second wire mesh membrane supports comprising a wire mesh having a coating that is an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier and having an opening aligned with said fluid outlet of said permeate plate; and c. first and second fluid permeable membranes, said first fluid permeable membrane adjacent a surface of said first wire mesh membrane support opposite said permeate plate, said second fluid permeable membrane adjacent a surface of said second wire mesh membrane opposite said permeate plate, each of said first and second permeable membranes having an opening aligned with said fluid outlet.
a. a permeate plate having a first surface, a second surface, a fluid outlet and fluid passageways extending from said first surface and said second surface to said fluid outlet;
b. first and second wire mesh membrane supports adjacent said first surface and said second surface of said permeate plate, respectively, each of said first and second wire mesh membrane supports comprising a wire mesh having a coating that is an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier and having an opening aligned with said fluid outlet of said permeate plate; and c. first and second fluid permeable membranes, said first fluid permeable membrane adjacent a surface of said first wire mesh membrane support opposite said permeate plate, said second fluid permeable membrane adjacent a surface of said second wire mesh membrane opposite said permeate plate, each of said first and second permeable membranes having an opening aligned with said fluid outlet.
2. The fluid separation assembly of claim 1, wherein said openings of said fluid permeable membranes and said membrane supports and said outlet of said permeate plate are centrally disposed and coaxially aligned to form a central conduit.
3. The fluid separation assembly of claim 2, wherein said fluid permeable membranes, said membrane supports and said permeate plate are substantially flat and ring-shaped, said permeate plate includes slots defining said fluid passageways, and said slots are radially disposed.
4. The fluid separation assembly of claim 1, further comprising a hermetic seal peripheral to said membranes, said membrane supports, and said permeate plate.
5. The fluid separation assembly of claim 4, wherein each of said fluid permeable membranes further comprises a gasket seat, a membrane gasket, and a washer disposed about said opening to form a first and second membrane subassembly, wherein said gasket seats, said membrane gaskets and said washers are connected to said fluid permeable membranes.
6. The fluid separation assembly of claim 5, wherein said hermetic seal comprises a weld bead connected to each of said first and second membrane subassemblies.
7. The fluid separation assembly of claim 1, further comprising first retainers, one of said first retainers connected to each of said fluid permeable membranes.
8. The fluid separation assembly of claim 7, further comprising second retainers adjacent said permeate plate.
9. The fluid separation assembly of claim 1, further comprising first retainers, one of said first retainers adjacent each of said fluid permeable membranes.
10. The fluid separation assembly of claim 1, further comprising gaskets, one of said gaskets adjacent each of said first and second wire mesh membrane supports.
11. The fluid separation assembly of claim 1, wherein said fluid permeable membranes are selectively permeable to hydrogen.
12. The fluid separation assembly of claim 1, wherein said fluid permeable membranes comprise palladium or a palladium alloy.
13. The fluid separation assembly of claim 1, wherein said wire mesh membrane supports comprise stainless steel.
14. The fluid separation assembly of claim 1, wherein the intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier contains a compound selected from the group consisting of oxides, nitrides, borides, silicides, carbides and aluminides.
15. The fluid separation assembly of claim 1, wherein the intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier contains one of an oxide and a nitride.
16. A fluid separation assembly, comprising:
a permeate plate having opposing faces;
first and second wire mesh membrane supports, each of said wire mesh membrane supports having a first surface and a second surface, wherein said first surface of each of said wire mesh membrane supports is adjacent said permeate plate;
first and second membranes permeable to a desired fluid, each said permeable membrane adjacent a said second surface of each said wire mesh membrane support;
a permeate rim surrounding said permeate plate;
first retainers adjacent each of said permeable membranes;
second retainers adjacent said permeate plate and said wire mesh membrane supports; and gaskets between each of said wire mesh membrane supports and said permeable membranes, wherein said permeate rim, said first retainers, said second retainers, said permeable membranes and said gaskets are joined together at their peripheries, and wherein a gap is defined between the said permeate plate and said permeate rim.
a permeate plate having opposing faces;
first and second wire mesh membrane supports, each of said wire mesh membrane supports having a first surface and a second surface, wherein said first surface of each of said wire mesh membrane supports is adjacent said permeate plate;
first and second membranes permeable to a desired fluid, each said permeable membrane adjacent a said second surface of each said wire mesh membrane support;
a permeate rim surrounding said permeate plate;
first retainers adjacent each of said permeable membranes;
second retainers adjacent said permeate plate and said wire mesh membrane supports; and gaskets between each of said wire mesh membrane supports and said permeable membranes, wherein said permeate rim, said first retainers, said second retainers, said permeable membranes and said gaskets are joined together at their peripheries, and wherein a gap is defined between the said permeate plate and said permeate rim.
17. The fluid separation assembly according to claim 16, wherein said permeate rim, said first retainers, said second retainers, said permeable membranes and said gaskets are joined together by a weld bead at their peripheries.
18. The fluid separation assembly according to claim 16, further comprising a female gasket seat, a membrane gasket and a washer, wherein said female gasket seat, said membrane gasket and said washer are connected to one of said permeable membranes and comprise a female membrane subassembly.
19. The fluid separation assembly according to claim 18, further comprising a male gasket seat, a second membrane gasket, and a second washer, wherein said male gasket seat, said second membrane gasket and said second washer are connected to the other of said fluid permeable membranes and comprises a male membrane subassembly.
20. The fluid separation assembly according to claim 19, wherein each of said gasket seats, said membrane gaskets, said washers and said permeable membranes have a centrally disposed opening and said openings are coaxially aligned and first and second weld beads connect the components of each subassembly.
21. The fluid separation assembly according to claim 16, wherein each of said first and second wire mesh membrane supports comprises a wire mesh having a coating that is an intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier.
22. The fluid separation assembly according to claim 21, wherein said intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier is a thin film containing a compound selected from the group consisting of oxides, nitrides, borides, silicides, carbides and aluminides.
23. The fluid separation assembly according to claim 16, wherein said first retainers, said second retainers, said gaskets, said permeate rim and said first and second wire mesh membrane supports are connected at their peripheries.
24. The fluid separation assembly according to claim 23, wherein a weld bead is located at said peripheries of each of said first retainers, said second retainers, said gaskets, said permeate rim and said first and second wire mesh membrane supports.
25. The fluid separation assembly according to claim 16, wherein each of said first and second wire mesh membrane supports is stainless steel.
26. The fluid separation assembly according to claim 16, wherein each of said first and second wire mesh membrane supports have mesh counts ranging from approximately 19 to 1000 mesh per inch.
27. The fluid separation assembly according to claim 16, wherein each of said first and second wire mesh membrane supports has a mesh count ranging from 49 to mesh per inch.
28. The fluid separation assembly according to claim 16, wherein each of said permeable membranes and said permeate plate has a centrally disposed opening that form a conduit.
29. The fluid separation assembly according to claim 16, wherein the permeate plate is a slotted permeate plate.
30. A fluid separation module, comprising:
a plurality of fluid separation assemblies, wherein each of said fluid separation assemblies comprises:
a permeate plate having opposing faces;
first and second wire mesh membrane supports, each of said wire mesh membrane supports having a first surface and a second surface, wherein said first surface of each of said wire mesh membrane support is adjacent said permeate plate;
first and second membranes permeable to a desired fluid, each of said permeable membranes adjacent a said second surface of a said wire mesh membrane support;
a permeate rim surrounding said permeate plate;
first retainers adjacent each of said permeable membranes;
second retainers between said permeate plate and each of said wire mesh membrane supports; and gaskets between each of said wire mesh membrane supports said permeable membranes, wherein said permeate rim, said first retainers, said second retainers and said gaskets are joined together at their peripheries, and wherein a gap is defined between said permeate plate and said permeate rim.
a plurality of fluid separation assemblies, wherein each of said fluid separation assemblies comprises:
a permeate plate having opposing faces;
first and second wire mesh membrane supports, each of said wire mesh membrane supports having a first surface and a second surface, wherein said first surface of each of said wire mesh membrane support is adjacent said permeate plate;
first and second membranes permeable to a desired fluid, each of said permeable membranes adjacent a said second surface of a said wire mesh membrane support;
a permeate rim surrounding said permeate plate;
first retainers adjacent each of said permeable membranes;
second retainers between said permeate plate and each of said wire mesh membrane supports; and gaskets between each of said wire mesh membrane supports said permeable membranes, wherein said permeate rim, said first retainers, said second retainers and said gaskets are joined together at their peripheries, and wherein a gap is defined between said permeate plate and said permeate rim.
31. A method for separating a desired fluid from a fluid mixture, comprising:
providing a fluid separation assembly as recited in claim 1; and contacting the fluid permeable membranes of the fluid separation assembly with the fluid mixture.
providing a fluid separation assembly as recited in claim 1; and contacting the fluid permeable membranes of the fluid separation assembly with the fluid mixture.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier is a thin film containing a compound selected from the group consisting of oxides, nitrides, borides, silicides, carbides and aluminides.
33. The method of claim 31, wherein the wire mesh membrane support is a stainless steel screen having a mesh count ranging from approximately 19 to 1000 mesh per inch.
34. A method of making a fluid separation assembly, comprising the steps of:
a. providing a fluid separation assembly as recited in claim 16; and b. hermetically sealing the first retainer, the gasket and the second retainer at their peripheries.
a. providing a fluid separation assembly as recited in claim 16; and b. hermetically sealing the first retainer, the gasket and the second retainer at their peripheries.
35. The method according to claim 34, wherein the intermetallic diffusion bonding barrier comprises a thin film containing a compound selected from the group consisting of oxides, borides, silicides, aluminides and nitrides.
36. The method according to claim 34, wherein the wire mesh membrane support is a stainless steel screen with a mesh count ranging from 19 to 1000 mesh per inch.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
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| US10778498P | 1998-11-10 | 1998-11-10 | |
| US60/107,784 | 1998-11-10 | ||
| US09/422,505 US6602325B1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 1999-10-21 | Fluid separation assembly |
| US09/422,505 | 1999-10-21 | ||
| PCT/US1999/026527 WO2000027507A1 (en) | 1998-11-10 | 1999-11-10 | Hydrogen separation membrane |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2351191A1 CA2351191A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 |
| CA2351191C true CA2351191C (en) | 2005-02-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002351191A Expired - Lifetime CA2351191C (en) | 1998-11-10 | 1999-11-10 | Hydrogen separation membrane |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6582499B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1137477B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002529220A (en) |
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| DK (2) | DK177264B1 (en) |
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| FI (1) | FI122170B (en) |
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-
1999
- 1999-11-10 CH CH00854/01A patent/CH694150A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-11-10 EP EP99961621A patent/EP1137477B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-10 ES ES200150043A patent/ES2199663B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-10 DE DE19983751T patent/DE19983751B4/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-10 CA CA002351191A patent/CA2351191C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-10 JP JP2000580728A patent/JP2002529220A/en active Pending
- 1999-11-10 AU AU18158/00A patent/AU767080B2/en not_active Expired
- 1999-11-10 WO PCT/US1999/026527 patent/WO2000027507A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-11-10 KR KR1020017005881A patent/KR100592625B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-05-10 SE SE0101634A patent/SE526425C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-10 DK DKPA200100737A patent/DK177264B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-10 FI FI20010984A patent/FI122170B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-09-13 US US10/243,018 patent/US6582499B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2010
- 2010-12-17 DK DKPA201070550A patent/DK178650B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1137477A1 (en) | 2001-10-04 |
| AU1815800A (en) | 2000-05-29 |
| KR100592625B1 (en) | 2006-06-23 |
| DK178650B1 (en) | 2016-10-17 |
| DK177264B1 (en) | 2012-09-10 |
| ES2199663B1 (en) | 2005-05-01 |
| DK200100737A (en) | 2001-07-10 |
| DK201070550A (en) | 2010-12-17 |
| CH694150A5 (en) | 2004-08-13 |
| ES2199663A1 (en) | 2004-02-16 |
| CA2351191A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 |
| EP1137477B1 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
| KR20010086015A (en) | 2001-09-07 |
| JP2002529220A (en) | 2002-09-10 |
| DE19983751B4 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
| US6582499B2 (en) | 2003-06-24 |
| DE19983751T1 (en) | 2001-11-29 |
| SE526425C2 (en) | 2005-09-13 |
| US20030033933A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
| SE0101634D0 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
| SE0101634L (en) | 2001-06-26 |
| FI122170B (en) | 2011-09-30 |
| WO2000027507A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 |
| FI20010984A (en) | 2001-05-10 |
| AU767080B2 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
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