CA2449484A1 - Intravascular stent with increasing coating retaining capacity - Google Patents
Intravascular stent with increasing coating retaining capacity Download PDFInfo
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- CA2449484A1 CA2449484A1 CA002449484A CA2449484A CA2449484A1 CA 2449484 A1 CA2449484 A1 CA 2449484A1 CA 002449484 A CA002449484 A CA 002449484A CA 2449484 A CA2449484 A CA 2449484A CA 2449484 A1 CA2449484 A1 CA 2449484A1
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- Prior art keywords
- stent
- micro
- tubular structure
- cavities
- slits
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91525—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other within the whole structure different bands showing different meander characteristics, e.g. frequency or amplitude
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91533—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other characterised by the phase between adjacent bands
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91558—Adjacent bands being connected to each other connected peak to peak
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0067—Means for introducing or releasing pharmaceutical products into the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0067—Means for introducing or releasing pharmaceutical products into the body
- A61F2250/0068—Means for introducing or releasing pharmaceutical products into the body the pharmaceutical product being in a reservoir
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/04—Processes
Abstract
An expandable stent includes a tubular structure with an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall and an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway. The tubular structure further includes a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells. The tubular structure has a first diameter which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway, and a second expanded and deformed diameter which is achieved upon the application of a radially, outwardly extending force. A
plurality of cavities are formed in the outer surface of the stent.
plurality of cavities are formed in the outer surface of the stent.
Description
INTRAVASCULAR STENT WITH INCREASING
COATING RETAINING CAPACITY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of Invention:
This invention relates generally to intravascular stems, and more particularly to intravascular stems that include a plurality of cavities formed on a surface of the stmt and are coated with a restenosis inhibiting agent.
Description of the Related Art:
By 1999, the percutaneous balloon angioplasty and stmt implant procedures have become the dominant non-surgical revascularization method of the atherosclerotic stenosis, or obstruction, of the vascular lumen, and particularly in the coronary vascular system in the heart. With balloon angioplasty alone, without use of stmt, the restenosis rate after angioplasty has been as high as 25-45% in the first time clinical cases. With use of stems after balloon angioplasty, the restenosis has been reduced significantly.
Even so, the restenosis rate after stmt implant is reported as 10-25% range depending on the condition of the vessel stented or what specific stmt was used, requiring a need for further restenosis reducing measures after intravascular stenting.
To further reduce the restenosis rate after stmt implant, numerous means has been tried, including laser, atherectomy, high frequency ultrasound, radiation device, local drug delivery, etc. Although the brachytherapy (radiation treatment) has proved to be reasonably effective in further reducing restenosis after stmt implant, using brachytherpy is very cumbersome, inconvenient and costly. Mainly because it is radioactive device and radiation therapy specialist from another department has to be involved with the interventional cardiologist in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
The laser and atherectomy devices proved to be marginally useful in this purpose with added costs.
The local drug therapy appears be a very promising method for the future, as better pharmaceutical, chemical or biogenetic agents are developed and became available. Some research data, both from animal tests and human clinical studies, indicate that there are evidences of suppressing restenosis after stmt implant when certain growth blocking pharmaceutical agents available today are used to coat the stmt.
In another instances, it has been speculated that certain surface modifying materials coated on the surface of the stmt may be beneficial by it alone or in combination with growth suppressing agent, in reducing restenosis rate. In either instance, the drug or substance should be locally attached or coated on the stmt and in sufficient amounts.
However, attaching or coating a sufficient amount of a substance or drug on the coronary stmt is not so easy a proposition.
Coating a drug or an agent on the surface of the stmt has a demanding problem of enough volume of such substance coated on the small surface areas of stmt struts, without increasing the physical width or thickness of stmt struts. This demand directly conflicts with the metal fraction issue of the stmt. If the width (and lesser degree the thickness) of stmt struts is increased in order to widen drug coating surface areas, it would have an elevated deleterious foreign body effect of the increased metal fraction of the stmt, which would promote restenosis.
Designing an ideal stmt, particularly the coronary stmt, is a very demanding balance of a numerous conflicting factors. An ideal stmt requires an ideal balance of numerous different stmt features built into the stmt. One of the many requirements of a coronary, or any vascular stmt, is to keep the metal fraction of the stmt low.
This means that drug coating is a very demanding task. Enough amounts of a drug or agent should be coated on the miniscule surface areas of the stmt struts, in order to have the desired drug results of reducing restenosis. An average stmt, particularly a coronary stmt, will have problem of providing desired amount of drug-retaining capacity on the surface areas of the stmt struts.
The main invention of this application is not an invention of the stmt itself.
The present invention is the particular measures designed to increase drug coating or attachment capacity of a stmt by adding exposed surface areas or reservoir capacity of the stmt, without increasing the width or thickness of the stmt struts or without increasing the metal fraction of the stmt. These special measures of present invention will enhance the coating substances to a stmt. Further, the present invention will enhance the reservoir capacity of the stmt for different forms of restenosis reducing proteins, chemicals or drugs, and will prolong the releasing time duration of the substances.
U.S. Patent No. 6,190,404 discloses an intravascular stmt with an outer surface, an inner surface and grooves formed in the inner surface of the stmt. The grooves are positioned and provided to increase the rate of migration of endothelial cells upon the inner surface of the stmt.
There is a need for a stmt with a geometry that provides for an increased amount of a coating substance. There is a further need for a stmt that includes reservoirs for retaining coatings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an intravascular stmt with a geometry that provides for an increased amount of a coating substance.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an intravascular stmt with cavities 1o formed in the stmt that serve as reservoirs of coatings applied to the stem.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an intravascular stmt with cavities formed in the body of the stmt and with a restenosis inhibiting agent applied to the stmt.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an intravascular stmt with 15 micro-holes or micro-slits that provide reservoirs for stmt coatings. These and other objects of the present invention are achieved in an expandable stmt. A tubular structure includes an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall and an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway. The tubular structure further includes a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells. The tubular structure has a first diameter 2o which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway, and a second expanded and deformed diameter which is achieved upon the application of a radially, outwardly extending force. A plurality of cavities are formed in the outer surface of the stmt.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an expandable stmt, includes a 25 tubular structure with an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall, an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway, a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells. The tubular structure has a first diameter which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway, and a second expanded and deformed diameter that is achieved upon the application of a radially, outwardly 30 extending force. A plurality of cavities formed in the outer surface of the stmt. A
coating substance is on at least a portion of outer surface of the stmt including and extends into at least a portion of the cavities.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a stmt assembly includes a balloon and an expandable stmt positioned at an exterior of the balloon. The stmt includes a tubular structure with an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall, an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway, a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells. The tubular structure has a first diameter which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway, and a second expanded and deformed diameter that is achieved upon the application of a radially, outwardly extending force applied by the balloon. A plurality of cavities are formed in the outer surface of the stmt. A coating substance is on at least a portion of outer l0 surface of the stmt including and extending into at least a portion of the cavities.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method of manufacturing an intravascular stmt is provided. The intravascular stmt has an inner surface and an outer surface. A plurality of cavities are formed on the outer surface. A coating substance that inhibits restenosis is formed on at least a portion of the outer surface and on at least 15 a portion of the plurality of cavities BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a flat cut-open, two-dimensional, schematic view of one embodiment of a stmt of the present invention that includes cavities formed in the body of the stmt.
Figure 2 is a close-up view of the stmt from Figure 1 with cavities that extend 2o from the outer surface of the stmt into an interior of the stmt.
Figure 3 is a cross-section, side view of a stmt of the pre~~ent invention with cavities that extend from the outer surface through the inner surface.
Figure 3(b) is a cross-sectional, magnified, side view of one embodiment of the stmt of the present invention illustrating that cavities can be closed and serve as 25 reservoirs for coating substance applied to the stmt.
Figure 3(c) is a cross-sectional, magnified view of another embodiment of the present invention illustrating a stmt that includes cavities that extent at a slant angle from the outer surface through the inner surface.
Figure 3(d) is a cross-sectional, magnified, side view of one embodiment of the 30 present invention with cavities that extend at a slant, non-perpendicular angle from the outer surface to an interior of the stmt.
Figure 4 is a flat cut-open, two-dimensional, schematic view of a stmt seen from the outer surface of the stmt cavities distributed in an even pattern Figure 5 is a close-up, magnified, view of the expansion and connector struts from Figure 4 with micro-slits and micro-holes that extend from the outer surface of the stmt struts.
Figure 6(a) is a cross-sectional, magnified, side view of a stmt strut of the present invention illustrating micro slits that extend through both the outer and inner surfaces and the entire thickness of the stem strut.
Figure 6(b) is a cross-sectional, magnified, side view of the stmt strut of the present invention illustrating perpendicularly extending open micro slits on one side and closed micro-slits on the opposite site of the strut.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to Figure l, one embodiment of an expandable stmt 10 of the present invention is illustrated. A tubular structure includes an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall and an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway. The tubular structure further includes a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells. The tubular structure has a first diameter which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway, and a second expanded and deformed diameter which is achieved upon the application of a radially, outwardly extending force.
A plurality of cavities are formed in the outer surface of the stmt. The cavities can be micro-holes or micro-slits and extend from the outer surface to an interior of the struts, or extend from the outer surface all the way through the inner surface. An example of a stmt design useful with the present invention is disclosed in US
Patent No. 5,954,743, incorporated herein by reference. In Figure-1, a two-dimensional view of the stmt 10 is illustrated and is seen from the outer surface of the cut-open, two-dimensional view.
Stent 10 includes expansion columns 12 and connector columns 14 in a continuous and alternating pattern to form a longitudinal dimension and a vertical 3o dimension. The vertical and longitudinal dimensions determine the circumference and the length respectively of stmt 10. Expansion columns 12 have expansion struts 16 in a vertical zigzag or corrugated pattern. One expansion column 12 is linked to an adjacent expansion column 12 by connector column 14 between two adjacent expansion 12 columns. Connector columns 14 have connector struts 18 that serve as linking arms between expansion struts 16 in two adjacent expansion columns 12. Stent 10 has a proximal end 20 and a truncated end 22 in the middle of stmt 10.
In one embodiment, stmt 10 is a tubular structure that includes patterned expansion struts 16 and connectors struts 18 continuously linked circumferentially and longitudinally with a predetermined length. The total surface areas of struts 16 and 18 are limited to a certain percent of the total cylindrical surface area of tubular stmt 10, particularly when stmt 10 is expanded in a vessel, with enlarged (by stmt expansion) t0 stmt cells 24 that make up the remainder of the total stmt surface area.
The amount of a coating substance applied to and retained by stmt 10 is determined by the total surface area of stmt struts 16 and 18. Coating substance is preferably a restenosis inhibiting agent that is a drug, polymer and bio-engineered material and combinations thereof. It will be appreciated that other types of coating 15 substances, well known to those skilled in the art, can be applied to stmt 10 of the present invention. Because the total stmt strut surface areas are limited in size, the amount of coating substance applied to stmt 10 is limited to a small volume.
When stmt 10 is expanded in a vessel the relative surface area of struts 16 and 18 decreases in relation to the areas of stmt cells 24. The total cylindrical surface area of stmt 10 when 20 it is implanted and expanded inside of a vessel is equal to the sum of the strut surface areas, which do not change, and stmt cells 24 areas. The size of stmt cells 24 areas changes when stmt 10 is expanded. The present invention increases the amount of the coating substance capacity of stmt 10 without increase the metal fraction of stmt 10.
In various embodiments, the present invention increases the coating substance 25 retaining capacity of stmt 10 by forming cavities that can be micro holes 26 which are made, punched, drilled or burned into the expansion and connector struts 16.
In Figure 1, micro holes 26 have openings 28 on outer surface of struts 16 and 18. Micro holes 26 are made and arranged in such a way so that they can be evenly distributed in struts 16 and 18. In this embodiment, micro holes 26 are evenly distributed through out 30 the entire body of stent 10. The number of micro holes 26 illustrated in Figure 1 is only by example.
The number of micro holes 26 created in stmt 10 can vary by increasing or decreasing the number according to the necessity and requirements when such stems are fabricated for clinical use. Additionally, the pattern of creating micro holes 26 in stmt struts 16 and 18 can be varied according to the clinical and protocol needs.
Although micro holes 26 in Figure 1 are made in straight lines, it will be appreciated that micro holes 26 can be made in any varied pattern or shape. Micro-holes 26 can be made to form any suitable shape or pattern as necessary, if they meet the structural or engineering requirements of stmt 10. Micro holes 26 can be made in single line or in multiple lines in struts 16 and 18 and arranged in any pattern.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, width 30 of expansion strut 16 is shown as being larger than width 32 of connector strut 18. It will be appreciated that the relative widths can change and that width 32 can be greater than width 30.
The size of micro holes 26 can be based on the physical dimensions of struts and 18. Micro holes 26 cannot have diameters or size as large as the width of struts 16 and 18. Micro holes 26 can have substantially smaller widths or diameters than widths 30 and 32 in order to maintain the structural integrity and radial strength of stmt 10. In one embodiment, micro holes 26 have an effective size or diameter to provide an optimal retaining capacity of substances or drugs that are coated or deposited on stmt 10. Similarly, the distance between micro holes 26 is selected to maintain the integrity of stmt 10 while providing an optimal number of micro holes 26 to provide a sufficient coating substance retaining capacity. Micro holes 26 in struts 18 can be made smaller than micro holes 26 in expansion struts 16 and visa versa.
Micro holes 26 and opening 28 can have more than one shape including but not limited to circular, square, oval, oblong, irregular, polygonal or a combination thereof, depending on the method used to create micro holes 26. The tools to create micro holes 26 can be mechanical, photochemical, laser, EDM and the like. The shape or configuration of micro holes 26 and openings 28 in stmt struts 16 and 18 can be influenced by the size or diameter of the micro hole 26 made, as well as by other manufacturing factors such as a laser beam size, photochemical resolution or EDM
cathode and the like.
In the embodiment of Figure 3(a), micro holes 26 penetrate the entire widths and 32 of struts 16 and 18 at a perpendicular angle with opening 28 on both outer surface 34 and inner surface 36. Shaded areas 38 show the cross-sectional cut surface of struts 16 and 18. Micro holes 26 are created in a regular interval with the uninterrupted segment 28 between micro holes 26. Micro holes 26 communicate freely between outer surface 34 and inner surface 36. As can be seen, micro holes 26 increase the contact surface areas of stent struts 16 or 18 for the purpose of increasing the capacity of retaining the intended coating substance added to stmt 10. The bore space of micro holes 26 also serve as micro reservoir chambers for the substance to be added, attached or coated to stmt 10. When stmt 10 is electropolished, the shape or dimension of micro holes 26 can be slightly changed.
Figure 3(b) illustrates an embodiment where micro holes 36 are blind and extend from outer surface 34 but not do not continue to inner surface 36. Shaded areas 38 indicate cross-sectioned stmt struts 16 and 18. In Figure 3(b), micro holes 26 have cul de sac geometry's 40 that terminate in an interior of struts 16 and 18. Cul-de-sacs 40 serve as reservoirs for coating substances applied to stmt 10. Cul-de-sacs 40 can be created at regular or irregular intervals with uninterrupted segments 42 between that are formed between micro holes 26.
Refernng now to Figure 3(c), micro holes 26 are shown with their axes at a slant angle relative to stmt struts 16 and 18. In this embodiment, micro holes 26 extend from outer surface 34 to inner surface 36. Because micro holes 26 have a slant angle through in this embodiment, the length and reservoir capacity of the micro holes 26 is increased compared to the capacity of the Figure 3(a) micro holes 26.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3(d), micro holes 26 have openings 28 on outer surface 34 and cul de sacs 40 on inner surface 36, all formed at a slant angle.
Outer surface 34 has uninterrupted segments 42 between slant angled micro holes 26 and inner surface 36 is smooth without openings 28. Again, cul-de-sac 40 provides a reservoir for a coating substance applied to stmt 10. Because the bore space of micro holes is at a slant angle there is an increased reservoir capacity.
In contrast to Figure 1, the cavities formed in Figure 4 are micro slits, groves, and the like, collectively denoted as 40, which have widths 44 that are larger than openings 36. Compared to micro holes 26 of Figure 1, the micro slits 40 shown in Figure 4 provide a larger reservoir capacity for the coating substance.
Micro slits 40 can be evenly or unevenly distributed in struts 16 and 18. The number of micro slits 40 illustrated in Figure 4 is only by way of example.
Increasing or decreasing the number of micro slits 40 created in stmt 10 may vary according to the clinical and pharmcodynamic necessity and requirements. Additionally, the pattern of creating micro slits 40 in struts 16 and 18 can vary according to the clinical and engineering needs. Although micro slits 40 illustrated in Figure 4 are in straight lines, micro slits 40 can be made in curvilinear, square-angles, slant angled and the like with or without radius of curvature. Micro slits 40 can be made in any suitable pattern or shape as required, if they meet the structural or engineering requirements of stmt 10.
Micro slits 40 can be made in single line or in multiple lines in struts 16 and 18 and arranged in any other pattern. The Figure 4 embodiment illustrates that micro holes 26 can also be included in the same stmt 10.
The magnified view of stmt 10 illustrated in Figure 5 shows struts 16 and 18 with micro slits 40 and openings 46 on outer surface 34 of stmt 10. Width 34 of 1o expansion strut 16 is larger than width 32 of strut 18 in this embodiment.
However, widths 34 and 32 can be the same in size or even reversed.
Width 44 of micro slit 40 is determined by the physical dimensions and limits of struts 16 and 18. Width 44 can not be made as large as widths 34 and 32. Width 44 is substantially smaller than width 34 in order to maintain the structural integrity and radial 15 strength of stmt 10. The length of micro slit 40 can be made as long as stmt struts 16 and 18. The length of micro slit 40 can be shorter or longer than the width of struts 16 and 18. Similarly, the uninterrupted distance 42 between micro slits 40 is selected so that the structural integrity of stmt 10 is not compromised. Within the allowable limits, micro slits 40 can be made in different sizes or dimensions in same or differing patterns.
20 Micro slits 40 in struts 18 can be made smaller than, the same as or greater than micro-slits 40 formed in struts 16.
The shape of micro slits 40 and opening 46 can be different than that illustrated in Figure 5. The geometry of micro slits 40 can be straight linear, curvilinear, angled, squared or any other shape, depending on the design of stmt 10 and the method used to 25 make micro slits 40 during the manufacturing process. The tools to create the micro slits 40 can be the same as those used for micro-holes 26. Different shapes, sizes and positions of micro slits 40 can be included in an individual stmt 10.
Referring now to Figure 6(a), micro slits 40 can extend through struts 16 and with openings 50 on both outer and inner surfaces 34 and 36. Micro slits 40 can be 30 created in a regular interval with uninterrupted segment 42 between micro slits 40.
Additionally, in this embodiment micro slits 40 can communicate freely between outer surface 34 inner surface 36. Micro slits 40 increase coating substance contact surface areas of struts 16 and 18 for the purpose of increasing the reservoir capacity of intended coating substances.
Figure 6(b) illustrates that blind micro slits 40 partially extend into struts 16 and 18 from outer surface 34. Blind micro slits 40 end in cul-de-sacs 48 which can be of any desired geometric configuration. Cul-de-sacs 48 create micro reservoirs 50 for coating substances and can be formed at regular or irregular intervals with uninterrupted segments 42 between blind micro slits 48. Generally, the reservoir capacity of blind micro slits 40 is greater than that of blind micro holes 26. Additionally, micro slits 40 can also be made in slant angles.
to The foregoing description of a preferred embodiment of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
COATING RETAINING CAPACITY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of Invention:
This invention relates generally to intravascular stems, and more particularly to intravascular stems that include a plurality of cavities formed on a surface of the stmt and are coated with a restenosis inhibiting agent.
Description of the Related Art:
By 1999, the percutaneous balloon angioplasty and stmt implant procedures have become the dominant non-surgical revascularization method of the atherosclerotic stenosis, or obstruction, of the vascular lumen, and particularly in the coronary vascular system in the heart. With balloon angioplasty alone, without use of stmt, the restenosis rate after angioplasty has been as high as 25-45% in the first time clinical cases. With use of stems after balloon angioplasty, the restenosis has been reduced significantly.
Even so, the restenosis rate after stmt implant is reported as 10-25% range depending on the condition of the vessel stented or what specific stmt was used, requiring a need for further restenosis reducing measures after intravascular stenting.
To further reduce the restenosis rate after stmt implant, numerous means has been tried, including laser, atherectomy, high frequency ultrasound, radiation device, local drug delivery, etc. Although the brachytherapy (radiation treatment) has proved to be reasonably effective in further reducing restenosis after stmt implant, using brachytherpy is very cumbersome, inconvenient and costly. Mainly because it is radioactive device and radiation therapy specialist from another department has to be involved with the interventional cardiologist in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
The laser and atherectomy devices proved to be marginally useful in this purpose with added costs.
The local drug therapy appears be a very promising method for the future, as better pharmaceutical, chemical or biogenetic agents are developed and became available. Some research data, both from animal tests and human clinical studies, indicate that there are evidences of suppressing restenosis after stmt implant when certain growth blocking pharmaceutical agents available today are used to coat the stmt.
In another instances, it has been speculated that certain surface modifying materials coated on the surface of the stmt may be beneficial by it alone or in combination with growth suppressing agent, in reducing restenosis rate. In either instance, the drug or substance should be locally attached or coated on the stmt and in sufficient amounts.
However, attaching or coating a sufficient amount of a substance or drug on the coronary stmt is not so easy a proposition.
Coating a drug or an agent on the surface of the stmt has a demanding problem of enough volume of such substance coated on the small surface areas of stmt struts, without increasing the physical width or thickness of stmt struts. This demand directly conflicts with the metal fraction issue of the stmt. If the width (and lesser degree the thickness) of stmt struts is increased in order to widen drug coating surface areas, it would have an elevated deleterious foreign body effect of the increased metal fraction of the stmt, which would promote restenosis.
Designing an ideal stmt, particularly the coronary stmt, is a very demanding balance of a numerous conflicting factors. An ideal stmt requires an ideal balance of numerous different stmt features built into the stmt. One of the many requirements of a coronary, or any vascular stmt, is to keep the metal fraction of the stmt low.
This means that drug coating is a very demanding task. Enough amounts of a drug or agent should be coated on the miniscule surface areas of the stmt struts, in order to have the desired drug results of reducing restenosis. An average stmt, particularly a coronary stmt, will have problem of providing desired amount of drug-retaining capacity on the surface areas of the stmt struts.
The main invention of this application is not an invention of the stmt itself.
The present invention is the particular measures designed to increase drug coating or attachment capacity of a stmt by adding exposed surface areas or reservoir capacity of the stmt, without increasing the width or thickness of the stmt struts or without increasing the metal fraction of the stmt. These special measures of present invention will enhance the coating substances to a stmt. Further, the present invention will enhance the reservoir capacity of the stmt for different forms of restenosis reducing proteins, chemicals or drugs, and will prolong the releasing time duration of the substances.
U.S. Patent No. 6,190,404 discloses an intravascular stmt with an outer surface, an inner surface and grooves formed in the inner surface of the stmt. The grooves are positioned and provided to increase the rate of migration of endothelial cells upon the inner surface of the stmt.
There is a need for a stmt with a geometry that provides for an increased amount of a coating substance. There is a further need for a stmt that includes reservoirs for retaining coatings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an intravascular stmt with a geometry that provides for an increased amount of a coating substance.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an intravascular stmt with cavities 1o formed in the stmt that serve as reservoirs of coatings applied to the stem.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an intravascular stmt with cavities formed in the body of the stmt and with a restenosis inhibiting agent applied to the stmt.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an intravascular stmt with 15 micro-holes or micro-slits that provide reservoirs for stmt coatings. These and other objects of the present invention are achieved in an expandable stmt. A tubular structure includes an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall and an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway. The tubular structure further includes a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells. The tubular structure has a first diameter 2o which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway, and a second expanded and deformed diameter which is achieved upon the application of a radially, outwardly extending force. A plurality of cavities are formed in the outer surface of the stmt.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an expandable stmt, includes a 25 tubular structure with an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall, an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway, a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells. The tubular structure has a first diameter which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway, and a second expanded and deformed diameter that is achieved upon the application of a radially, outwardly 30 extending force. A plurality of cavities formed in the outer surface of the stmt. A
coating substance is on at least a portion of outer surface of the stmt including and extends into at least a portion of the cavities.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a stmt assembly includes a balloon and an expandable stmt positioned at an exterior of the balloon. The stmt includes a tubular structure with an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall, an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway, a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells. The tubular structure has a first diameter which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway, and a second expanded and deformed diameter that is achieved upon the application of a radially, outwardly extending force applied by the balloon. A plurality of cavities are formed in the outer surface of the stmt. A coating substance is on at least a portion of outer l0 surface of the stmt including and extending into at least a portion of the cavities.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method of manufacturing an intravascular stmt is provided. The intravascular stmt has an inner surface and an outer surface. A plurality of cavities are formed on the outer surface. A coating substance that inhibits restenosis is formed on at least a portion of the outer surface and on at least 15 a portion of the plurality of cavities BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a flat cut-open, two-dimensional, schematic view of one embodiment of a stmt of the present invention that includes cavities formed in the body of the stmt.
Figure 2 is a close-up view of the stmt from Figure 1 with cavities that extend 2o from the outer surface of the stmt into an interior of the stmt.
Figure 3 is a cross-section, side view of a stmt of the pre~~ent invention with cavities that extend from the outer surface through the inner surface.
Figure 3(b) is a cross-sectional, magnified, side view of one embodiment of the stmt of the present invention illustrating that cavities can be closed and serve as 25 reservoirs for coating substance applied to the stmt.
Figure 3(c) is a cross-sectional, magnified view of another embodiment of the present invention illustrating a stmt that includes cavities that extent at a slant angle from the outer surface through the inner surface.
Figure 3(d) is a cross-sectional, magnified, side view of one embodiment of the 30 present invention with cavities that extend at a slant, non-perpendicular angle from the outer surface to an interior of the stmt.
Figure 4 is a flat cut-open, two-dimensional, schematic view of a stmt seen from the outer surface of the stmt cavities distributed in an even pattern Figure 5 is a close-up, magnified, view of the expansion and connector struts from Figure 4 with micro-slits and micro-holes that extend from the outer surface of the stmt struts.
Figure 6(a) is a cross-sectional, magnified, side view of a stmt strut of the present invention illustrating micro slits that extend through both the outer and inner surfaces and the entire thickness of the stem strut.
Figure 6(b) is a cross-sectional, magnified, side view of the stmt strut of the present invention illustrating perpendicularly extending open micro slits on one side and closed micro-slits on the opposite site of the strut.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to Figure l, one embodiment of an expandable stmt 10 of the present invention is illustrated. A tubular structure includes an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall and an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway. The tubular structure further includes a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells. The tubular structure has a first diameter which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway, and a second expanded and deformed diameter which is achieved upon the application of a radially, outwardly extending force.
A plurality of cavities are formed in the outer surface of the stmt. The cavities can be micro-holes or micro-slits and extend from the outer surface to an interior of the struts, or extend from the outer surface all the way through the inner surface. An example of a stmt design useful with the present invention is disclosed in US
Patent No. 5,954,743, incorporated herein by reference. In Figure-1, a two-dimensional view of the stmt 10 is illustrated and is seen from the outer surface of the cut-open, two-dimensional view.
Stent 10 includes expansion columns 12 and connector columns 14 in a continuous and alternating pattern to form a longitudinal dimension and a vertical 3o dimension. The vertical and longitudinal dimensions determine the circumference and the length respectively of stmt 10. Expansion columns 12 have expansion struts 16 in a vertical zigzag or corrugated pattern. One expansion column 12 is linked to an adjacent expansion column 12 by connector column 14 between two adjacent expansion 12 columns. Connector columns 14 have connector struts 18 that serve as linking arms between expansion struts 16 in two adjacent expansion columns 12. Stent 10 has a proximal end 20 and a truncated end 22 in the middle of stmt 10.
In one embodiment, stmt 10 is a tubular structure that includes patterned expansion struts 16 and connectors struts 18 continuously linked circumferentially and longitudinally with a predetermined length. The total surface areas of struts 16 and 18 are limited to a certain percent of the total cylindrical surface area of tubular stmt 10, particularly when stmt 10 is expanded in a vessel, with enlarged (by stmt expansion) t0 stmt cells 24 that make up the remainder of the total stmt surface area.
The amount of a coating substance applied to and retained by stmt 10 is determined by the total surface area of stmt struts 16 and 18. Coating substance is preferably a restenosis inhibiting agent that is a drug, polymer and bio-engineered material and combinations thereof. It will be appreciated that other types of coating 15 substances, well known to those skilled in the art, can be applied to stmt 10 of the present invention. Because the total stmt strut surface areas are limited in size, the amount of coating substance applied to stmt 10 is limited to a small volume.
When stmt 10 is expanded in a vessel the relative surface area of struts 16 and 18 decreases in relation to the areas of stmt cells 24. The total cylindrical surface area of stmt 10 when 20 it is implanted and expanded inside of a vessel is equal to the sum of the strut surface areas, which do not change, and stmt cells 24 areas. The size of stmt cells 24 areas changes when stmt 10 is expanded. The present invention increases the amount of the coating substance capacity of stmt 10 without increase the metal fraction of stmt 10.
In various embodiments, the present invention increases the coating substance 25 retaining capacity of stmt 10 by forming cavities that can be micro holes 26 which are made, punched, drilled or burned into the expansion and connector struts 16.
In Figure 1, micro holes 26 have openings 28 on outer surface of struts 16 and 18. Micro holes 26 are made and arranged in such a way so that they can be evenly distributed in struts 16 and 18. In this embodiment, micro holes 26 are evenly distributed through out 30 the entire body of stent 10. The number of micro holes 26 illustrated in Figure 1 is only by example.
The number of micro holes 26 created in stmt 10 can vary by increasing or decreasing the number according to the necessity and requirements when such stems are fabricated for clinical use. Additionally, the pattern of creating micro holes 26 in stmt struts 16 and 18 can be varied according to the clinical and protocol needs.
Although micro holes 26 in Figure 1 are made in straight lines, it will be appreciated that micro holes 26 can be made in any varied pattern or shape. Micro-holes 26 can be made to form any suitable shape or pattern as necessary, if they meet the structural or engineering requirements of stmt 10. Micro holes 26 can be made in single line or in multiple lines in struts 16 and 18 and arranged in any pattern.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, width 30 of expansion strut 16 is shown as being larger than width 32 of connector strut 18. It will be appreciated that the relative widths can change and that width 32 can be greater than width 30.
The size of micro holes 26 can be based on the physical dimensions of struts and 18. Micro holes 26 cannot have diameters or size as large as the width of struts 16 and 18. Micro holes 26 can have substantially smaller widths or diameters than widths 30 and 32 in order to maintain the structural integrity and radial strength of stmt 10. In one embodiment, micro holes 26 have an effective size or diameter to provide an optimal retaining capacity of substances or drugs that are coated or deposited on stmt 10. Similarly, the distance between micro holes 26 is selected to maintain the integrity of stmt 10 while providing an optimal number of micro holes 26 to provide a sufficient coating substance retaining capacity. Micro holes 26 in struts 18 can be made smaller than micro holes 26 in expansion struts 16 and visa versa.
Micro holes 26 and opening 28 can have more than one shape including but not limited to circular, square, oval, oblong, irregular, polygonal or a combination thereof, depending on the method used to create micro holes 26. The tools to create micro holes 26 can be mechanical, photochemical, laser, EDM and the like. The shape or configuration of micro holes 26 and openings 28 in stmt struts 16 and 18 can be influenced by the size or diameter of the micro hole 26 made, as well as by other manufacturing factors such as a laser beam size, photochemical resolution or EDM
cathode and the like.
In the embodiment of Figure 3(a), micro holes 26 penetrate the entire widths and 32 of struts 16 and 18 at a perpendicular angle with opening 28 on both outer surface 34 and inner surface 36. Shaded areas 38 show the cross-sectional cut surface of struts 16 and 18. Micro holes 26 are created in a regular interval with the uninterrupted segment 28 between micro holes 26. Micro holes 26 communicate freely between outer surface 34 and inner surface 36. As can be seen, micro holes 26 increase the contact surface areas of stent struts 16 or 18 for the purpose of increasing the capacity of retaining the intended coating substance added to stmt 10. The bore space of micro holes 26 also serve as micro reservoir chambers for the substance to be added, attached or coated to stmt 10. When stmt 10 is electropolished, the shape or dimension of micro holes 26 can be slightly changed.
Figure 3(b) illustrates an embodiment where micro holes 36 are blind and extend from outer surface 34 but not do not continue to inner surface 36. Shaded areas 38 indicate cross-sectioned stmt struts 16 and 18. In Figure 3(b), micro holes 26 have cul de sac geometry's 40 that terminate in an interior of struts 16 and 18. Cul-de-sacs 40 serve as reservoirs for coating substances applied to stmt 10. Cul-de-sacs 40 can be created at regular or irregular intervals with uninterrupted segments 42 between that are formed between micro holes 26.
Refernng now to Figure 3(c), micro holes 26 are shown with their axes at a slant angle relative to stmt struts 16 and 18. In this embodiment, micro holes 26 extend from outer surface 34 to inner surface 36. Because micro holes 26 have a slant angle through in this embodiment, the length and reservoir capacity of the micro holes 26 is increased compared to the capacity of the Figure 3(a) micro holes 26.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3(d), micro holes 26 have openings 28 on outer surface 34 and cul de sacs 40 on inner surface 36, all formed at a slant angle.
Outer surface 34 has uninterrupted segments 42 between slant angled micro holes 26 and inner surface 36 is smooth without openings 28. Again, cul-de-sac 40 provides a reservoir for a coating substance applied to stmt 10. Because the bore space of micro holes is at a slant angle there is an increased reservoir capacity.
In contrast to Figure 1, the cavities formed in Figure 4 are micro slits, groves, and the like, collectively denoted as 40, which have widths 44 that are larger than openings 36. Compared to micro holes 26 of Figure 1, the micro slits 40 shown in Figure 4 provide a larger reservoir capacity for the coating substance.
Micro slits 40 can be evenly or unevenly distributed in struts 16 and 18. The number of micro slits 40 illustrated in Figure 4 is only by way of example.
Increasing or decreasing the number of micro slits 40 created in stmt 10 may vary according to the clinical and pharmcodynamic necessity and requirements. Additionally, the pattern of creating micro slits 40 in struts 16 and 18 can vary according to the clinical and engineering needs. Although micro slits 40 illustrated in Figure 4 are in straight lines, micro slits 40 can be made in curvilinear, square-angles, slant angled and the like with or without radius of curvature. Micro slits 40 can be made in any suitable pattern or shape as required, if they meet the structural or engineering requirements of stmt 10.
Micro slits 40 can be made in single line or in multiple lines in struts 16 and 18 and arranged in any other pattern. The Figure 4 embodiment illustrates that micro holes 26 can also be included in the same stmt 10.
The magnified view of stmt 10 illustrated in Figure 5 shows struts 16 and 18 with micro slits 40 and openings 46 on outer surface 34 of stmt 10. Width 34 of 1o expansion strut 16 is larger than width 32 of strut 18 in this embodiment.
However, widths 34 and 32 can be the same in size or even reversed.
Width 44 of micro slit 40 is determined by the physical dimensions and limits of struts 16 and 18. Width 44 can not be made as large as widths 34 and 32. Width 44 is substantially smaller than width 34 in order to maintain the structural integrity and radial 15 strength of stmt 10. The length of micro slit 40 can be made as long as stmt struts 16 and 18. The length of micro slit 40 can be shorter or longer than the width of struts 16 and 18. Similarly, the uninterrupted distance 42 between micro slits 40 is selected so that the structural integrity of stmt 10 is not compromised. Within the allowable limits, micro slits 40 can be made in different sizes or dimensions in same or differing patterns.
20 Micro slits 40 in struts 18 can be made smaller than, the same as or greater than micro-slits 40 formed in struts 16.
The shape of micro slits 40 and opening 46 can be different than that illustrated in Figure 5. The geometry of micro slits 40 can be straight linear, curvilinear, angled, squared or any other shape, depending on the design of stmt 10 and the method used to 25 make micro slits 40 during the manufacturing process. The tools to create the micro slits 40 can be the same as those used for micro-holes 26. Different shapes, sizes and positions of micro slits 40 can be included in an individual stmt 10.
Referring now to Figure 6(a), micro slits 40 can extend through struts 16 and with openings 50 on both outer and inner surfaces 34 and 36. Micro slits 40 can be 30 created in a regular interval with uninterrupted segment 42 between micro slits 40.
Additionally, in this embodiment micro slits 40 can communicate freely between outer surface 34 inner surface 36. Micro slits 40 increase coating substance contact surface areas of struts 16 and 18 for the purpose of increasing the reservoir capacity of intended coating substances.
Figure 6(b) illustrates that blind micro slits 40 partially extend into struts 16 and 18 from outer surface 34. Blind micro slits 40 end in cul-de-sacs 48 which can be of any desired geometric configuration. Cul-de-sacs 48 create micro reservoirs 50 for coating substances and can be formed at regular or irregular intervals with uninterrupted segments 42 between blind micro slits 48. Generally, the reservoir capacity of blind micro slits 40 is greater than that of blind micro holes 26. Additionally, micro slits 40 can also be made in slant angles.
to The foregoing description of a preferred embodiment of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (64)
1. ~An expandable stent, comprising:
a tubular structure including an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall, an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway, a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells, the tubular structure having a first diameter which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway having a lumen, and a second expanded and deformed diameter upon the application from the interior of the tubular member of a radially, outwardly extending force; and a plurality of cavities formed in the outer surface of the stent.
a tubular structure including an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall, an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway, a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells, the tubular structure having a first diameter which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway having a lumen, and a second expanded and deformed diameter upon the application from the interior of the tubular member of a radially, outwardly extending force; and a plurality of cavities formed in the outer surface of the stent.
2. ~The stent of claim 1, wherein the tubular structure is balloon expandable.
3. ~The stent of claim 1, wherein the tubular structure is self-expandable.
4. ~The stent of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the tubular structure is made of a shape memory alloy.
5. ~The stent of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cavities are substantially evenly positioned on the tubular structure.
6. ~The stent of claim 1 wherein the plurality of cavities increase a flexibility of the stent without substantially reducing a radial strength of the stent in a deployed state.
7. ~The stent of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cavities are micro-holes that extend from the outer surface.
8. ~The stent of claim 7, wherein the micro-holes have a cross-section that is smaller than a cross section of a strut.
9. ~The stent of claim 7, wherein the micro-holes extend from the outer surface through the inner surface.
10. ~The stent of claim 7, wherein the micro-holes extend from the outer surface to an interior of the tubular structure without extending through the inner surface.
11. The stent of claim 7, wherein at least a portion of the micro-holes extend from the outer surface through the inner surface and at least a portion extend from the outer surface to an interior of the tubular structure without extending through the inner surface.
12. The stent of claim 7, wherein at least a portion of the micro-holes have geometry's that are configured to provide a reservoir for a coating substance applied to the tubular structure.
13. The stent of claim 7, wherein at least a portion of the micro-holes have a diameter of at least 0.0007 inch.
14. The stent of claim 7, wherein at least a portion of the micro-holes extend perpendicular from the outer surface to an interior of the tubular structure.
15. The stent of claim 7, wherein at least a portion of the micro-holes extend at a non-perpendicular slant angle from the outer surface to an interior of the tubular structure.
16. The stent of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cavities are micro-slits that extend from the outer surface.
17. The stent of claim 16, wherein the micro-slits have a cross-section that is smaller than a cross section of a strut.
18. The stent of claim 16, wherein the micro-slits extend from the outer surface through the inner surface.
19. The stent of claim 16, wherein the micro-slits extend from the outer surface to an interior of the tubular structure without extending through the inner surface.
20. The stent of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the micro-slits extend from the outer surface through the inner surface and at least a portion extend from the outer surface to an interior of the tubular structure without extending through the inner surface.
21. The stent of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the micro-slits have geometry's that are configured to provide a reservoir for a coating substance applied to the tubular structure.
22. The stent of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the micro-slits have a width of at least 0.0007 inch.
23. The stent of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the micro slits have a width greater than 0.0007 inch.
24. The stent of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the micro slits have a length of at least .001 inch.
25. The stent of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the micro slits have a length greater than .001 inch.
26. The stent of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the micro-slits extend perpendicular from the outer surface to an interior of the tubular structure.
27. The stent of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the micro-slits extend at a non-perpendicular slant angle from the outer surface to an interior of the tubular structure.
28. The stent of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the micro-slits have a linear geometric shape.
29. The stent of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the micro-slits have a curved geometric shape.
30. The stent of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the micro-slits have a bottom surface formed in an interior of the tubular structure.
31. The stent of claim 30, further including at least one aperture that extends from the bottom surface of a micro-slit through the inner surface.
32. The stent of claim 30, further including a plurality of apertures that extend from the bottom surface of the micro-slit through the inner surface.
33. The stent of claim 1, further comprising:
a coating substance on at least a portion of outer surface of the stent including at least a portion of the plurality of cavities.
a coating substance on at least a portion of outer surface of the stent including at least a portion of the plurality of cavities.
34. The stent of claim 33, wherein the coating substance is a restenosis inhibiting agent.
35. The stent of claim 34, wherein the restenonis inhibiting agent is selected from a drug, polymer and bio-engineered material.
36. The stent of claim 34, wherein the restenonis inhibiting agent is a combination of two agents selected from a drug, polymer and bio-engineered material.
37. The stent of claim 34, wherein each of a cavity of the plurality of cavities is configured to have a shape adapted to increase an amount of restenosis inhibiting agent coated on the stent.
38. The stent of claim 33, wherein each of a cavity of the plurality of cavities is configured to have a shape adapted to provide reservoir of the coated substance on the stent.
39. An expandable stent, comprising:
a tubular structure including an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall, an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway, a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells, the tubular structure having a first diameter which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway having a lumen, and a second expanded and deformed diameter upon the application from the interior of the tubular member of a radially, outwardly extending force;
a plurality of cavities formed in the outer surface of the stent; and a coating substance on at least a portion of outer surface of the stent including and extending into at least a portion of the cavities.
a tubular structure including an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall, an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway, a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells, the tubular structure having a first diameter which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway having a lumen, and a second expanded and deformed diameter upon the application from the interior of the tubular member of a radially, outwardly extending force;
a plurality of cavities formed in the outer surface of the stent; and a coating substance on at least a portion of outer surface of the stent including and extending into at least a portion of the cavities.
40. The stent of claim 39, wherein the coating substance is on at least a portion of the inner surface of the stent.
41. The stent of claim 39, wherein the coating substance is a restenosis inhibiting agent.
42. The stent of claim 41, wherein the restenonis inhibiting agent is selected from a drug, polymer and bio-engineered material.
43. The stent of claim 34, wherein the restenonis inhibiting agent is a combination of two agents selected from a drug, polymer and bio-engineered material.
44. The stent of claim 40, wherein each of a cavity of the plurality of cavities is configured to have a shape adapted to increase an amount of restenosis inhibiting agent coated on the stent.
45. The stent of claim 39, wherein each of a cavity of the plurality of cavities is configured to have a shape adapted to provide a reservoir of the coated substance on the stent.
46. The stent of claim 39, wherein the tubular structure is balloon expandable.
47. The stent of claim 39, wherein the tubular structure is self expandable.
48. The stent of claim 39, wherein at least a portion of the tubular structure is made of a shape memory alloy.
49. The stent of claim 39, wherein the plurality of cavities are substantially evenly positioned on the tubular structure.
50. The stent of claim 39, wherein the plurality of cavities increase a flexibility of the stent without substantially reducing a radial strength of the stent in a deployed state.
51. The stent of claim 39, wherein the plurality of cavities are micro-holes that extend from the outer surface.
52. The stent of claim 51, wherein the micro-holes have a cross-section that is smaller than a cross section of a strut.
53. The stent of claim 39, wherein the plurality of cavities are micro-slits that extend from the outer surface.
54. The stent of claim 55, wherein the micro-slits have a cross-section that is smaller than a cross section of a strut.
55. A stent assembly, comprising:
a balloon; and an expandable stent positioned at an exterior of the balloon, the stent including, a tubular structure including an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall, an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway, a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells, the tubular structure having a first diameter which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway having a lumen, and a second expanded and deformed diameter upon the application from the interior of the tubular member of a radially, outwardly extending force applied by the balloon;
a plurality of cavities formed in the outer surface of the stent; and a coating substance on at least a portion of outer surface of the stent including and extending into at least a portion of the cavities.
a balloon; and an expandable stent positioned at an exterior of the balloon, the stent including, a tubular structure including an outer surface positionable adjacent to a vessel wall, an inner surface facing a lumen of a body passageway, a plurality of expansion struts, connector struts and cells, the tubular structure having a first diameter which permits intraluminal delivery of the tubular structure into the body passageway having a lumen, and a second expanded and deformed diameter upon the application from the interior of the tubular member of a radially, outwardly extending force applied by the balloon;
a plurality of cavities formed in the outer surface of the stent; and a coating substance on at least a portion of outer surface of the stent including and extending into at least a portion of the cavities.
56. The stent of claim 55, wherein the coating substance is on at least a portion of the inner surface of the stent.
57. The stent of claim 55, wherein the coating substance is a restenosis inhibiting agent.
58. The stent of claim 55, wherein the restenonis inhibiting agent is selected from a drug, polymer and bio-engineered material.
59. The stent of claim 55, wherein each of a cavity of the plurality of cavities is configured to have a shape adapted to increase an amount of restenosis inhibiting agent coated on the stent.
60. The stent of claim 55, wherein each of a cavity of the plurality of cavities is configured to have a shape adapted to provide a reservoir of the coated substance on the stent.
61. A method of manufacturing an intravascular stent, comprising:
forming an intravascular stent having an inner surface and an outer surface;
and forming a plurality of cavities on the outer surface of the intravascular stent; and disposing on at least a portion of the outer surface and at least a portion of the plurality of cavities a coating substance that inhibits restenosis.
forming an intravascular stent having an inner surface and an outer surface;
and forming a plurality of cavities on the outer surface of the intravascular stent; and disposing on at least a portion of the outer surface and at least a portion of the plurality of cavities a coating substance that inhibits restenosis.
62. The method of claim 61, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of cavities is formed on the outer surface of the intravascular stent by a laser.
63. The method of claim 61, wherein the at least a portion of the plurality of cavities is formed on the outer surface of the intravascular stent by EDM.
64. The method of claim 61, wherein the at least a portion of the plurality of cavities is photochemically formed on the outer surface of the intravascular stent.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/874,349 US6783543B2 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2001-06-04 | Intravascular stent with increasing coating retaining capacity |
| US09/874,349 | 2001-06-04 | ||
| PCT/US2002/017626 WO2002098326A1 (en) | 2001-06-04 | 2002-06-03 | Intravascular stent with increasing coating retaining capacity |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2449484A1 true CA2449484A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002449484A Abandoned CA2449484A1 (en) | 2001-06-04 | 2002-06-03 | Intravascular stent with increasing coating retaining capacity |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6783543B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1397091A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2004528928A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2449484A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002098326A1 (en) |
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- 2002-06-03 EP EP20020739660 patent/EP1397091A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2002-06-03 JP JP2003501371A patent/JP2004528928A/en active Pending
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2003
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2011
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| JP2004528928A (en) | 2004-09-24 |
| US20040093071A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
| US20040148012A9 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
| US20020038145A1 (en) | 2002-03-28 |
| US20120085734A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
| EP1397091A1 (en) | 2004-03-17 |
| US6783543B2 (en) | 2004-08-31 |
| WO2002098326A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |