CA2610721A1 - Method and apparatus for adaptive tranforms for compressing data streams - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for adaptive tranforms for compressing data streams Download PDFInfo
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- CA2610721A1 CA2610721A1 CA002610721A CA2610721A CA2610721A1 CA 2610721 A1 CA2610721 A1 CA 2610721A1 CA 002610721 A CA002610721 A CA 002610721A CA 2610721 A CA2610721 A CA 2610721A CA 2610721 A1 CA2610721 A1 CA 2610721A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
- H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
Abstract
A method and apparatus for data encoding and compression is disclosed. For each data block being encoded, a particular encoding transform is selected among a baseline transform, like discrete cosine transform (DCT), and a transorm tailored to the block itself, like a sigular value decomposition (SVD) based transform, depending on a criterion of best reconstruction.
Claims (35)
1. An encoding method comprising:
inputting data to encode;
selecting a particular encoding transform from one or more encoding transforms;
encoding said data with said selected particular encoding transform;
outputting an identification of said selected particular encoding transform;
and outputting said encoded data.
inputting data to encode;
selecting a particular encoding transform from one or more encoding transforms;
encoding said data with said selected particular encoding transform;
outputting an identification of said selected particular encoding transform;
and outputting said encoded data.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said selected particular encoding transform is a most efficient encoding transform for said data from said one or more encoding transforms.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein inputting data comprises inputting a plurality of blocks of data to encode and said selected particular encoding transform is a most efficient encoding transform over entire said plurality of blocks of data from said one or more encoding transforms.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said most efficient encoding transform is one that will keep a decoder's resources maximally utilized.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said one or more transforms have a property selected from the group consisting of not dynamically updateable, one or more pre-specified baseline transforms, and dynamically updateable based on said received data.
6. A machine-readable medium having stored thereon instructions, which when executed performs the method of claim 1.
7. A system comprising a processor coupled to a memory, which when executing a set of instructions performs the method of claim 1.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein one or more of said one or more encoding transforms are not prespecified and are one or more new transforms created over time based upon said inputted data.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein said one or more new transforms are discarded over time and replaced by one or more newer transforms based upon said inputted data.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein said one or more new transforms' bases and said one or more newer transforms' bases are not communicated to a decoder.
11. A decoding method comprising:
receiving an identification of a most efficient encoding transform;
receiving encoded data;
determining if said received identification of said most efficient transform identifies one or more transforms; and if said received identification does identify one or more transforms then;
decoding said received encoded data using said one or more transforms; and outputting said decoded data;
if said received identification does not identify one or more transforms then;
creating a new transform;
decoding said received encoded data with said created new transform; and outputting said decoded data.
receiving an identification of a most efficient encoding transform;
receiving encoded data;
determining if said received identification of said most efficient transform identifies one or more transforms; and if said received identification does identify one or more transforms then;
decoding said received encoded data using said one or more transforms; and outputting said decoded data;
if said received identification does not identify one or more transforms then;
creating a new transform;
decoding said received encoded data with said created new transform; and outputting said decoded data.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein said created new transform becomes one of said one or more transforms.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said one or more transforms are correspondingly identical to one or more transforms for an encoder sending said received encoded data.
14. A machine-readable medium having stored thereon instructions, which when executed performs the method of claim 11.
15. A system comprising a processor coupled to a memory, which when executing a set of instructions performs the method of claim 11.
16. The method of claim 11 wherein said new transform is one or more new transforms are discarded over time and replaced by one or more newer transforms based upon said inputted data.
17. The method of claim 11 wherein said one or more new transforms are discarded over time and replaced by one or more newer transforms based upon said received encoded data.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein said one or more new transforms' bases and said one or more newer transforms' bases are derived.
19. An encoding method comprising:
(a) setting up a cache of N lines, wherein each cache line is capable of storing a transform, a corresponding inverse transform, a profile for which a similarity of a block can be measured against an implied basis of said transform, one or more indicators for invalid, valid, active, pending, locked, and unlocked, and a cache line number indicating which of said N cache lines it is;
(b) initializing said N cache lines by setting each N cache line indicator to invalid;
(c) loading one of said N cache lines with a baseline transform, a corresponding inverse baseline transform, and indictors to valid and locked, and its cache line number;
(dx) inputting a block of data to be encoded;
(d) for each of said N cache lines with an indicator of valid;
(d1) computing a corresponding similarity profile based on said Nth cache line's transform and;
(d2) placing said computed similarity profile into said Nth cache's profile;
(e) for each of said N cache lines with an indicator of valid finding which profile is most similar to said data block to be encoded; and (f) if said most similar profile is from said baseline transform then;
(f1) encoding said block of data using said baseline transform;
(f2) outputting said encoded block of data; and (f3) outputting said baseline cache line number;
(g) if said most similar profile is not from said baseline transform then;
(g1) encoding said block of data using said most similar profile transform;
and (g2) outputting said encoded block of data; and (g3) outputting said most similar profile's corresponding cache line number.
(a) setting up a cache of N lines, wherein each cache line is capable of storing a transform, a corresponding inverse transform, a profile for which a similarity of a block can be measured against an implied basis of said transform, one or more indicators for invalid, valid, active, pending, locked, and unlocked, and a cache line number indicating which of said N cache lines it is;
(b) initializing said N cache lines by setting each N cache line indicator to invalid;
(c) loading one of said N cache lines with a baseline transform, a corresponding inverse baseline transform, and indictors to valid and locked, and its cache line number;
(dx) inputting a block of data to be encoded;
(d) for each of said N cache lines with an indicator of valid;
(d1) computing a corresponding similarity profile based on said Nth cache line's transform and;
(d2) placing said computed similarity profile into said Nth cache's profile;
(e) for each of said N cache lines with an indicator of valid finding which profile is most similar to said data block to be encoded; and (f) if said most similar profile is from said baseline transform then;
(f1) encoding said block of data using said baseline transform;
(f2) outputting said encoded block of data; and (f3) outputting said baseline cache line number;
(g) if said most similar profile is not from said baseline transform then;
(g1) encoding said block of data using said most similar profile transform;
and (g2) outputting said encoded block of data; and (g3) outputting said most similar profile's corresponding cache line number.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein, (f) if said most similar profile is from said baseline transform, then the method further comprising:
(f4) decoding said encoded block of data using said baseline inverse transform;
(f5) searching said N cache lines for an indicator of pending; and (f5a) if a pending cache line is not found then selecting a cache line and setting its indicator to pending;
(f6) adding said decoded block of data to said pending cache line; and (f7) if said pending cache line has equal to or greater than m blocks of data then;
(f7a) computing a transform and an inverse transform based on said m blocks;
(f7b) storing said transform in said pending cache line transform;
(f7c) storing said inverse transform in said pending cache line inverse transform; and (f7d) setting said pending cache line indicators to valid and unlocked.
(f4) decoding said encoded block of data using said baseline inverse transform;
(f5) searching said N cache lines for an indicator of pending; and (f5a) if a pending cache line is not found then selecting a cache line and setting its indicator to pending;
(f6) adding said decoded block of data to said pending cache line; and (f7) if said pending cache line has equal to or greater than m blocks of data then;
(f7a) computing a transform and an inverse transform based on said m blocks;
(f7b) storing said transform in said pending cache line transform;
(f7c) storing said inverse transform in said pending cache line inverse transform; and (f7d) setting said pending cache line indicators to valid and unlocked.
21. The method of claim 19 further comprising:
if said most similar profile's corresponding cache indicator is unlocked then;
updating said most similar profile's corresponding transform and inverse transform based on said decoded block of data; and determining if want to lock said most similar profile cache line and if so then;
locking said most similar profile cache line; and outputting a lock directive.
if said most similar profile's corresponding cache indicator is unlocked then;
updating said most similar profile's corresponding transform and inverse transform based on said decoded block of data; and determining if want to lock said most similar profile cache line and if so then;
locking said most similar profile cache line; and outputting a lock directive.
22. The method of claim 21 comprising:
encoding a first group of data blocks according to the method of claim 3;
locking all N cache lines;
encoding a second group of data blocks according to the method of claim 3 with said N locked cache lines;
calculating a similarity measure between said first group of data blocks and said second group of data blocks by;
(a) comparing each encoded block of data in said second group against each locked cache line from said first group;
(b) selecting a closest match;
(c) calculating a difference between said closet match locked cache and said encoded block of data in said second group;
(d) summing up a total;
(e) repeating (a)-(d) until all blocks of data in said second group are done;
and outputting said total as a similarity measure.
encoding a first group of data blocks according to the method of claim 3;
locking all N cache lines;
encoding a second group of data blocks according to the method of claim 3 with said N locked cache lines;
calculating a similarity measure between said first group of data blocks and said second group of data blocks by;
(a) comparing each encoded block of data in said second group against each locked cache line from said first group;
(b) selecting a closest match;
(c) calculating a difference between said closet match locked cache and said encoded block of data in said second group;
(d) summing up a total;
(e) repeating (a)-(d) until all blocks of data in said second group are done;
and outputting said total as a similarity measure.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein said groups of data are video images.
24. The method of claim 23 further comprising applying the method of claim 5 based on a hierarchical decomposition of a data stream into a plurality of groups based on one or more levels of image resolution.
25. The method of claim 22 further comprising applying the method of claim 4 based on a decomposition of a data stream into a plurality of tokens.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein said tokens are selected from the group consisting of words, sentences, paragraphs, entire writings, dates, times, places, emails, stock prices, stock volumes, voce data, sound patterns, musical notes, and musical passages.
27. The method of claim 19 further comprising sending one or more of said one or more indicators.
28. A decoding method comprising:
(a) setting up a cache of N lines, wherein each cache line is capable of storing a transform, a corresponding inverse transform, a profile for which a similarity of a block can be measured against an implied basis of said transform, one or more indicators for invalid, valid, active, pending, locked, and unlocked and a cache line number indicating which of said N cache lines it is;
(b) initializing said N cache lines by setting each N cache line indicator to invalid;
(c) loading one of said N cache lines with a baseline transform, a corresponding inverse baseline transform, and indictors to valid and locked, and its cache line number;
(d) receiving a block of data to be decoded and a corresponding received cache line number;
(e) if said received cache line number corresponds to said baseline transform cache line number then;
(e1) decoding said block of data using said baseline inverse transform; and (e2) outputting said decoded data;
(f) if said received cache line number does not corresponds to said baseline transform cache line number then;
(f1) decoding said block of data using said received cache line number corresponding inverse transform; and (f2) outputting said decoded data;
(a) setting up a cache of N lines, wherein each cache line is capable of storing a transform, a corresponding inverse transform, a profile for which a similarity of a block can be measured against an implied basis of said transform, one or more indicators for invalid, valid, active, pending, locked, and unlocked and a cache line number indicating which of said N cache lines it is;
(b) initializing said N cache lines by setting each N cache line indicator to invalid;
(c) loading one of said N cache lines with a baseline transform, a corresponding inverse baseline transform, and indictors to valid and locked, and its cache line number;
(d) receiving a block of data to be decoded and a corresponding received cache line number;
(e) if said received cache line number corresponds to said baseline transform cache line number then;
(e1) decoding said block of data using said baseline inverse transform; and (e2) outputting said decoded data;
(f) if said received cache line number does not corresponds to said baseline transform cache line number then;
(f1) decoding said block of data using said received cache line number corresponding inverse transform; and (f2) outputting said decoded data;
29. The method of claim 28 wherein, (e) if said received cache line number corresponds to said baseline transform cache line number, then the method further comprising:
(e3) searching said N cache lines for an indicator of pending; and (e3a) if a pending cache line is not found then selecting a cache line and setting its indicator to pending;
(e4) adding said block of data to said pending cache line; and (e5) if said pending cache line has equal to or greater than m blocks of data then;
(e5a) computing a transform and an inverse transform based on said m blocks;
(e5b) storing said transform in said pending cache line transform;
(e5c) storing said inverse transform in said pending cache line inverse transform; and (e5d) setting said pending cache line indicators to valid and unlocked.
(e3) searching said N cache lines for an indicator of pending; and (e3a) if a pending cache line is not found then selecting a cache line and setting its indicator to pending;
(e4) adding said block of data to said pending cache line; and (e5) if said pending cache line has equal to or greater than m blocks of data then;
(e5a) computing a transform and an inverse transform based on said m blocks;
(e5b) storing said transform in said pending cache line transform;
(e5c) storing said inverse transform in said pending cache line inverse transform; and (e5d) setting said pending cache line indicators to valid and unlocked.
30. The method of claim 28 further comprising receiving a lock directive; and if said lock directive is true then setting said received cache line number corresponding indicator to locked;
if said lock directive is not true then;
if said received cache line number indictor is unlocked then;
updating said received cache line number corresponding transform and inverse transform based on said decoded block of data.
if said lock directive is not true then;
if said received cache line number indictor is unlocked then;
updating said received cache line number corresponding transform and inverse transform based on said decoded block of data.
31. The method of claim 30 further comprising receiving a lock directive to unlock and setting said received cache line number lock indicator to unlocked.
32. An apparatus comprising:
means for inputting data to encode;
means for selecting a particular encoding transform from one or more encoding transforms;
means for encoding said data with said selected particular encoding transform;
means for outputting an identifcation of said selected particular encoding transform; and means for outputting said encoded data.
means for inputting data to encode;
means for selecting a particular encoding transform from one or more encoding transforms;
means for encoding said data with said selected particular encoding transform;
means for outputting an identifcation of said selected particular encoding transform; and means for outputting said encoded data.
33. The apparatus of clam 32 further comprising:
means for inputting a group of data to be processed by the apparatus of claim 1; and means for determining one or more optimal one or more encoding transforms based on said group of data for a decoder's resources to be maximally utilized; and means for sending said encoded data encoded using said one or more optimal one or more encoding transforms.
means for inputting a group of data to be processed by the apparatus of claim 1; and means for determining one or more optimal one or more encoding transforms based on said group of data for a decoder's resources to be maximally utilized; and means for sending said encoded data encoded using said one or more optimal one or more encoding transforms.
34. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein means for sending said encoded data is means for sending said encoded data in a sequence not the same as said inputted data to encode.
35. An apparatus comprising:
means for receiving an identification of a most efficient encoding transform;
means for receiving encoded data;
means for determining if said received identification of said most efficient transform identifies one or more transforms; and if said received identification does identify one or more transforms then;
means for decoding said received encoded data using said one or more transforms; and means for outputting said decoded data;
if said received identification does not identify one or more transforms then;
means for creating a new transform;
means for decoding said received encoded data with said created new transform; and means for outputting said decoded data.
means for receiving an identification of a most efficient encoding transform;
means for receiving encoded data;
means for determining if said received identification of said most efficient transform identifies one or more transforms; and if said received identification does identify one or more transforms then;
means for decoding said received encoded data using said one or more transforms; and means for outputting said decoded data;
if said received identification does not identify one or more transforms then;
means for creating a new transform;
means for decoding said received encoded data with said created new transform; and means for outputting said decoded data.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
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US60/577869 | 2004-06-07 | ||
US11/146,380 US7664173B2 (en) | 2004-06-07 | 2005-06-06 | Method and apparatus for cached adaptive transforms for compressing data streams, computing similarity, and recognizing patterns |
US11/146,380 | 2005-06-06 | ||
PCT/US2005/019919 WO2005122589A1 (en) | 2004-06-07 | 2005-06-07 | Method and apparatus for adaptive tranforms for compressing streams |
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CA2610721A1 true CA2610721A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
CA2610721C CA2610721C (en) | 2011-09-13 |
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CA2610721A Active CA2610721C (en) | 2004-06-07 | 2005-06-07 | Method and apparatus for adaptive tranforms for compressing data streams |
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US20100098151A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
EP1766989A1 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
WO2005122589A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
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