CN101044726B - 高速光纤信道交换机元件 - Google Patents

高速光纤信道交换机元件 Download PDF

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CN101044726B
CN101044726B CN200580032888.6A CN200580032888A CN101044726B CN 101044726 B CN101044726 B CN 101044726B CN 200580032888 A CN200580032888 A CN 200580032888A CN 101044726 B CN101044726 B CN 101044726B
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port
fibre channel
switch element
speed
channel switch
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CN101044726A (zh
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弗兰克·R·德罗普斯
欧内斯特·G·科尔韦
马克·A·欧文
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QLogic LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/25—Routing or path finding in a switch fabric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/40—Wormhole routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/35—Switches specially adapted for specific applications
    • H04L49/356—Switches specially adapted for specific applications for storage area networks
    • H04L49/357—Fibre channel switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/10—Packet switching elements characterised by the switching fabric construction
    • H04L49/101—Packet switching elements characterised by the switching fabric construction using crossbar or matrix

Abstract

本发明提供一种处于光纤信道网络中的高速光纤信道交换机元件。所述光纤信道交换机元件包括速率选择模块(202)，速率选择模块(202)使光纤信道交换机元件中的端口能够以等于及/或高于10吉比特/秒(“G”)的速率运行。所述端口可以20G、40G或以大于40G的速率运行。此外，提供裁切状态以在以不同速度运行的端口之间进行切入式路由。使用多个传输及接收线(204-207)以在等于或高于10G的速率下进行端口运行。

Description

高速光纤信道交换机元件
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤信道网络，且更具体而言，涉及一种可高速运行的光纤信道交换机元件。
背景技术
光纤信道(Fiber Channel)是一组美国国家标准协会(ANSI)标准，其提供用于存储的串行传输协议及网络协议(例如HIPPI、SCSI、IP、ATM及其他协议)。光纤信道提供一种用于满足信道用户及网络用户二者的要求的输入/输出接口。
光纤信道支持三种不同的拓扑：点对点，仲裁环路及光纤信道架构。点对点拓扑直接附接两个装置。仲裁环路拓扑以环路形式附接各装置。光纤信道架构拓扑则将主机系统直接附接至一架构上，然后将各主机系统连接至多个装置上。光纤信道架构拓扑允许互连多种媒体类型。
在光纤信道中，在两个节点之间建立路径，其中路径的主要任务是以高的速度及低的等待时间将数据从一个点传输至另一个点，而只在硬件中执行简单的错误检测。
光纤信道架构装置包含用于管理架构连接的节点端口或″N_Port″。N_port建立与具有架构端口或″F_port″的架构元件(例如交换机)的连接。架构元件包含用于处理路由、错误检测、恢复、及类似管理功能的智能。
光纤信道开关是一种多端口装置，其中每一端口均管理其自身与其所附接的系统之间的简单的点对点连接。每一端口均可附接至服务器、外围设备、I/O子系统、桥接器、集线器、路由器或甚至另一交换机。交换机自一个端口接收消息并自动将其路由至另一端口。通过所述多端口光纤信道交换机同时进行多个呼叫或数据传送。
光纤信道交换机使用存储器缓冲器来保存在网络中所接收及发送的帧。与这些缓冲器相关联的是信用量，信用量是缓冲器可保存的每一架构端口的帧的数量。
当前的光纤信道标准规定交换机端口/链路操作以每秒1吉比特(“G”)、2G、4G及10G的速度进行交换机端口/链路操作。然而，随着带宽的提高，将需要进行20G、40G或更快的端口/链路操作。而传统标准及光纤信道交换机并不提供以如此高的速度工作的光纤信道交换机。
因此，需要一种其端口可经选择以例如以10G、20G或40G的高速工作的光纤信道交换机。
发明内容
在本发明的一个方面中，提供一种高速光纤信道交换机元件。所述光纤信道交换机元件包括速率选择模块，所述速率选择模块使光纤信道交换机元件中的端口能够以等于及/或高于每秒10吉比特(“G”)的速率工作。所述端口可以20G、40G或以大于40G的速率工作。
此外，提供裁切状态以在以不同速度运行的端口之间进行切入式路由。对以等于或高于10G的速率进行的端口工作使用多条传输及接收线。
在本发明的另一方面中，提供一种光纤信道网络。所述网络包括光纤信道交换机元件，所述光纤信道交换机元件包括速率选择模块，如上文所述，所述速率选择模块使光纤信道交换机元件中的端口能够以等于及/或高于10G的速率工作。
提供此简要说明旨在使人们可更快地理解本发明的性质。结合附图参阅下文对本发明较佳实施例的详细说明，可实现对本发明的更全面理解。
附图说明
现将参考较佳实施例的图式来阐述本发明的上述特征及其他特征。在图式中，相同组件具有相同参考编号。所显示的实施例仅旨在图解说明而非限定本发明。这些图式包含下列各图：
图1A显示光纤信道网络的一实例；
图1B显示根据本发明一个方面的光纤信道交换机元件的一实例；
图1C显示根据本发明一个方面的20信道交换机机壳的方块图；
图1D显示根据本发明一个方面的具有十六个GL_端口及四个XG端口的光纤信道交换机元件的方块图；
图2显示根据本发明一个方面的具有速率选择模块的光纤信道开关的方块图；及
图3显示根据本发明一个方面的切入式路由表。
具体实施方式
定义：
提供下述定义是因为其通常(但不具有排他性)在构建本发明各个自适应性方面的光纤信道环境中使用。
″E_端口″：一种架构扩展端口，其附接至另一互连端口，以形成交换机间链路。
″F_Port″：一种使非环路N_端口在上面附接至一架构的端口，其不包括FL_端口。
”光纤信道ANSI标准”：该标准(其以引用方式全文并入本文中)描述用于支持与IPI、SCSI、IP、ATM等相关联的其他高级协议的高性能串行链路的物理接口、传输及信令协议。
“架构”：交换机群组、目标及主机装置(NL_端口、N_端口等等)的结构或组织形式。
″N_端口″：直接架构附接端口，例如磁盘驱动器或HBA。
″NL_端口″：可执行N_端口的功能的L_端口。
″端口″：对N.附标.--端口或F.附标.--端口的通称。
″交换机″：符合光纤信道交换机标准的架构元件。
为便于理解该较佳实施例，本发明将阐述光纤信道交换机系统/元件的大体体系结构及操作。随后将参考该大体体系结构来阐述该较佳实施例的具体体系结构及操作。
光纤信道系统
图1A是执行根据本发明各自适应性方面的方法及系统的光纤信道系统100的方块图。系统100包括多个互连的装置。每一装置均包括一个或多个端口，这些端口分类为节点端口(N_端口)、架构端口(F_端口)、及扩展端口(E_端口)。节点端口可位于节点装置(例如服务器103、磁盘阵列105及存储装置104)中。架构端口位于例如交换机101及102等架构装置中。仲裁环路106可使用仲裁环路端口(FL_端口)在操作上耦合至交换机101。
图1A所示的各装置通过“链路”或“路径”在操作上相耦合。可在两个N_端口(例如，在服务器103与存储装置104)之间建立路径。可使用多个链路建立一分组交换路径，例如，服务器103中的N_端口可通过交换机102建立与磁盘阵列105之间的路径。
交换机元件
图1B为根据本发明一个方面的一20端口ASIC交换机元件的方块图。图1B提供一使用该20端口架构元件的20信道交换机机架的总体体系结构。架构元件包括在任何端口之间均具有无阻塞光纤信道2级(无连接，经确认)和3级(无连接，未经确认)服务的ASIC 20。值得注意的是，在本文所述的本发明范围及操作内，ASIC 20也可设计用于1级(面向连接的)服务。
本发明的架构元件目前实施为单CMOS ASIC，为此，术语“架构元件”与ASIC可通用地指代本说明书中的各较佳实施例。尽管图1B显示20个端口，但本发明并不仅限于任何具体数量的端口。
ASIC 20具有20个端口，其在图1B中标记为GL0至GL19。这些端口属于常见的光纤信道端口类型，例如F_端口、FL_端口和E_端口。换句话说，根据其所附接到的装置而定，每一GL_端口均可用作任一类型的端口。此外，如下文所述，GL_端口可用作适用于架构元件链接的特殊端口。
仅为便于图解说明起见，在图1B中将所有GL_端口绘制于ASIC 20的同一侧上。然而，如其他图中所示，所述端口也可位于ASIC 20的两侧上。此并不意味着端口或ASIC设计中存在任何差异。端口的实际物理布局将取决于ASIC的物理布局。
每一端口GL0-GL19均具有接至交换机纵横结构50的传输和接收连接。一个连接是通过接收缓冲器52，接收缓冲器52用于在路由操作期间接收并暂时保持帧。另一连接是通过传输缓冲器54。
交换机纵横结构50包括若干交换机纵横结构，以用于处理特定类型的数据及数据流控制信息。仅为便于图解说明起见，将交换机纵横结构50显示为单个纵横结构。交换机纵横结构50是具有已知的传统设计的无连接纵横结构(分组交换机)，其尺寸经设计以连接21×21个路径。这是为了容纳20个GL_端口加上一用于连接至架构控制器(其可处于ASIC 20外部)的端口。
在本文所述交换机机架的较佳实施例中，所述架构控制器为经固件编程的微处理器，也称作输入/输出处理器(“IOP”)。在图1C中显示IOP 66为一利用一个或多个ASIC 20的开关机架的一部分。如在图1B中所示，接至IOP 66的双向连接是通过端口67路由，端口67在内部连接至控制总线60。传输缓冲器56、接收缓冲器58、控制寄存器62及状态寄存器64连接至总线60。传输缓冲器56及接收缓冲器58将内部无连接交换机纵横结构50连接至IOP 66，以使其可发出或接收帧。
控制寄存器62接收并保持来自IOP 66的控制信息，以使IOP 66可通过将某些控制字置于寄存器62中来改变ASIC 20的特性或操作配置。IOP 66可通过由监控电路(未显示)监控放置在状态寄存器64中的各种代码来读取ASIC 20的状态。
图1C显示一使用ASIC 20和IOP 66的20信道交换机机架S2。S2还将包括其他元件，例如电源(未显示)。这20个GL_端口对应于信道C0-C19。每一GL_端口均具有一串行/反串行器(SERDES)，其标记为S0-S19。理想地，将所述SERDES功能构建于ASIC 20上以提高效率，但另一选择为，也可处于各GL_端口的外部。SERDES将并行数据转换成串行数据流以供传输，并将所接收的串行数据转换成并行数据。8位至10位编码使SERDES能够自所接收数据流产生时钟信号。
如在高性能交换机设计中众所周知，每一GL_端口均可具有一光电转换器(标记为OE0-OE19)，所述光电转换器通过串行线与其SERDES相连，以用于提供光纤光输入/输出连接。所述转换器连接至交换机信道C0-C19。值得注意的是，所述端口可通过铜路径或其他构件而非通过光-电转换器进行连接。
图1D显示ASIC 20的方块图，其具有十六个GL端口和四个标记为XG0-XG3的高速端口控制模块(例如10G、20G或40G)。ASIC 20包括通过PCI连接66A耦合至IOP 66的控制端口62A。
在2004年7月20日提出申请的第10/894,587号美国专利申请案中提供了关于交换机20如何工作的详情，该美国专利申请案的揭示内容以引用方式全文并入本文中。
图2显示根据本发明一个方面的交换机元件20的另一方块图。交换机元件20具有接收及传输管线202A，接收及传输管线202A使用多个数据缓冲器203以在上述专利申请案中所述的方式工作。
提供速率选择模块202，其根据自共用端口62A产生的选择速度信号201来为端口选择特定的速度。可使用交换机元件20的固件来产生信号201。模块202提供适当的时钟及配置信号，以实现10G、20G、40G或以任意速率进行的端口/链路运行。
一端口可与另一端口协商来以10G/20G/40G或任意速率运行。端口可以10G、20G、40G、10G与20G、20G与40G或任意其他组合来运行。所述协商过程可类似于在FC-FS光纤信道标准中所述的过程。如在FC-FS中所述，可使用”RF”基元来取代”NOS”基元。
SERDES 204、205、206及207将并行的10位字符在传输侧上转换成串行流(即发至网络的数据)，并将交换机元件20所接收的数据转换成10位字符。SERDES204-207从由端口所接收的数据中恢复时钟信息。
在本发明的一个方面中，为实现20G运行，可使用4个6.375G的串行流(即四个传输通道及四个接收通道)(如在图2中以SERDES 204-207所示)。每一通道均使用8B/10B代码对数据字节进行编码/解码。各20G端口可通过无源的铜路径、受到有源驱动的铜路径或处于相同或不同波长(每一通道一个波长)的光学路径(未显示)相连接。
为实现40G运行，可使用4个分别为12.75G的串行流。每一通道均使用8B/10B代码对数据字节进行编码/解码。如在前述专利申请案中所述，这四个通道同步且对齐。
值得注意的是，本发明并不仅限于任何特定数量的串行流；例如，也可使用单个流使端口以20G/40G或任意其他速率运行。此外，各串行流可以相同的光学波长或不同的波长运行；其中每一串行流一个波长。
对SERDES 204-207时钟速率加以操纵，以利于实现更高速度的运行。目前，XAUI接口(其以引用方式全文并入本文中)使用四个传输通道及四个接收通道来支持10G的运行；其中每一通道均使用8B/10B代码对数据进行编码，以实现差动串行传输，并以3.1875吉波特的速率运行。为以更高的速度运行，满速率将为12.75吉波特，半速率将为6.375吉波特。模块202根据信号201来选择满速率、半速率及四分之一速率。
更高速度的切入式路由：
”裁切”位是从接收缓冲器发送至传输缓冲器的状态信号，其用于通过保证传输端口的数据不会用光或者通过允许传输端口重新仲裁其标签以选择一具有“裁切”位置位组的帧源来保持传输缓冲器尽可能快地运行。在前述专利申请案中对在更低的速率(即1G、2G、4G及10G)下使用裁切位进行了说明。可将裁切位扩展至包括20G、40G或更高的传送速率。
为减小等待时间，在达到某一阈值之后，从接收缓冲器中释放一帧。然而，如果接收缓冲器槽变得几乎充满其他帧，则新到来的帧要等待帧的结尾(“EOF”)。此会减少对共享资源的竞争时间(如果接收缓冲器被占用，即可出现此种情形)，以便进行“切入式”路由。
根据接收缓冲器驻存于何种端口(例如，10G/20G/40G或任意其他速度)中而定，裁切状态存在不同的条件。对裁切状态的选择还取决于传输端口驻存在上面的端口类型。图3中的表I显示如何根据端口传送速率来实施某些切入式帧长度计算。
在本发明的一个方面中，端口可经配置以按不同的速率运行。允许进行高带宽运行，以获得更佳的性能。
尽管已参考特定实施例阐述了本发明，然而这些实施例只是例示性而非限定性实施例。根据此揭示内容及上文权利要求书，本发明的许多其他应用及实施例将显而易见。

Claims (22)

1.一种光纤信道交换机元件，其包括：
多个端口，用于发送和接收帧；其中，每个端口经配置以一种以上的操作速率进行操作且包括用于接收帧的接收缓冲器和用于发送帧的传输缓冲器；及
速率选择模块，其用于从所述交换机元件的公共端口接收由交换机元件处理器运行的固件产生的选择速度信号，所述速率选择模块根据所述选择速度信号提供时钟和配置信号，为多个串行/反串行器SERDES中的串行/反串行器SERDES选择工作速率，以使得所述多个端口中的一端口经配置能够以等于或高于10吉比特/每秒(“G”)的速率运行。
2.如权利要求1所述的光纤信道交换机元件，其中所述端口以20G(吉比特/每秒)运行。
3.如权利要求1所述的光纤信道交换机元件，其中所述端口以40G(吉比特/每秒)运行。
4.如权利要求1所述的光纤信道交换机元件，其中所述端口以大于40G(吉比特/每秒)的速率运行。
5.如权利要求1所述的光纤信道交换机元件，其中以等于或大于10G的速率运行的所述端口与其他端口协商传送速率。
6.如权利要求1所述的光纤信道交换机元件，其中使用裁切状态以在以不同速度运行的端口之间进行切入式路由。
7.如权利要求1所述的光纤信道交换机元件，其中使用多个传输及接收通道以在等于或高于10G的速率下进行端口运行。
8.如权利要求7所述的光纤信道交换机元件，其中为实现20G的运行，各通道以6.375吉波特运行。
9.如权利要求7所述的光纤信道交换机元件，其中为实现40G的运行，各通道以12.75吉波特运行。
10.如权利要求7所述的光纤信道交换机元件，其中使用无源的铜或受到有源驱动的铜路径来连接以20G和40G运行的端口。
11.如权利要求7所述的光纤信道交换机元件，其中当使用多个串行流时，使用处于相同或不同波长的光学传输来连接以20G和40G运行的端口。
12.一种光纤信道网络，其包括：
光纤信道交换机元件，其包括：
多个端口，用于发送和接收帧；其中，每个端口经配置以一种以上的操作速率进行操作且包括用于接收帧的接收缓冲器和用于发送帧的传输缓冲器；及
速率选择模块，其用于从所述交换机元件的公共端口接收由交换机元件处理器运行的固件产生的选择速度信号，所述速率选择模块根据所述选择速度信号提供时钟和配置信号，为多个串行/反串行器SERDES中的串行/反串行器SERDES选择工作速率，以使得所述多个端口中的一端口经配置能够以等于或高于10吉比特/每秒(“G”)的速率运行。
13.如权利要求12所述的光纤信道网络，其中所述端口以20G(吉比特/每秒)运行。
14.如权利要求12所述的光纤信道网络，其中所述端口以40G(吉比特/每秒)运行。
15.如权利要求12所述的光纤信道网络，其中所述端口以大于40G(吉比特/每秒)的速率运行。
16.如权利要求12所述的光纤信道网络，其中以等于或大于10G的速率运行的所述端口与其他端口协商传送速率。
17.如权利要求12所述的光纤信道网络，其中使用裁切状态以在以不同速度运行的端口之间进行切入式路由。
18.如权利要求12所述的光纤信道网络，其中使用多个传输及接收通道以在等于或高于10G的速率下进行端口运行。
19.如权利要求18所述的光纤信道网络，其中为实现20G的运行，各通道以6.375吉波特运行。
20.如权利要求18所述的光纤信道网络，其中为实现40G的运行，各通道以12.75吉波特运行。
21.如权利要求18所述的光纤信道网络，其中使用无源的铜或受到有源驱动的铜路径来连接以20G和40G运行的端口。
22.如权利要求18所述的光纤信道网络，其中当使用多个串行流时，使用处于相同或不同波长的光学传输来连接以20G和40G运行的端口。
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ATE474403T1 (de) 2010-07-15
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EP1794952B1 (en) 2010-07-14
US8295299B2 (en) 2012-10-23
US20130077637A1 (en) 2013-03-28
US8774206B2 (en) 2014-07-08
US20060072473A1 (en) 2006-04-06
EP1794952A1 (en) 2007-06-13
CN101044726A (zh) 2007-09-26

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