CN101120343B - Electronic device and method for selecting content items - Google Patents
Electronic device and method for selecting content items Download PDFInfo
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- CN101120343B CN101120343B CN2006800048517A CN200680004851A CN101120343B CN 101120343 B CN101120343 B CN 101120343B CN 2006800048517 A CN2006800048517 A CN 2006800048517A CN 200680004851 A CN200680004851 A CN 200680004851A CN 101120343 B CN101120343 B CN 101120343B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
- A63B71/0686—Timers, rhythm indicators or pacing apparatus using electric or electronic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/60—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of audio data
- G06F16/68—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/60—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of audio data
- G06F16/68—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
- G06F16/683—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/36—Accompaniment arrangements
- G10H1/40—Rhythm
- G10H1/42—Rhythm comprising tone forming circuits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
- A63B71/0619—Displays, user interfaces and indicating devices, specially adapted for sport equipment, e.g. display mounted on treadmills
- A63B71/0622—Visual, audio or audio-visual systems for entertaining, instructing or motivating the user
- A63B2071/0625—Emitting sound, noise or music
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
- A63B2225/50—Wireless data transmission, e.g. by radio transmitters or telemetry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2230/00—Measuring physiological parameters of the user
- A63B2230/04—Measuring physiological parameters of the user heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulations
- A63B2230/06—Measuring physiological parameters of the user heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulations heartbeat rate only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2210/00—Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
- G10H2210/375—Tempo or beat alterations; Music timing control
- G10H2210/385—Speed change, i.e. variations from preestablished tempo, tempo change, e.g. faster or slower, accelerando or ritardando, without change in pitch
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
- G10H2220/155—User input interfaces for electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H2220/371—Vital parameter control, i.e. musical instrument control based on body signals, e.g. brainwaves, pulsation, temperature, perspiration; biometric information
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2240/00—Data organisation or data communication aspects, specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
- G10H2240/121—Musical libraries, i.e. musical databases indexed by musical parameters, wavetables, indexing schemes using musical parameters, musical rule bases or knowledge bases, e.g. for automatic composing methods
- G10H2240/131—Library retrieval, i.e. searching a database or selecting a specific musical piece, segment, pattern, rule or parameter set
Abstract
The method of selecting content items of the invention comprises selecting (6) a subset of content items from a collection of content items in dependency of feedback gathered during a previous physical activity of a person (3). The subset is smaller than the collection of content items and the feedback comprises information regarding the previous physical activity. The electronic device of the invention comprises electronic circuitry operative to perform the method of the invention. The software of the invention enables a programmable device to perform the method of the invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electronic equipment that is used for the chosen content item, for example, a kind of music player or a kind of equipment that is used for being transferred to song music storage or music player.
The invention further relates to a kind of method that is used for the chosen content item.
The invention still further relates to a kind of software that can make programmable device carry out chosen content item method.
Background technology
From the known a kind of electronic equipment that is used to reproduce human perceptual signal of WO2004/072767.WO2004/072767 describes a kind of audio reproducing system, and the rhythm of this apparatus modifications sound signal (tempo) makes the rhythm of amended sound signal and the deviation between the selected rhythm be within the predefined tolerance interval.Selected rhythm can be based on the rhythm of people's heart rate, leg speed (pace) and/or user's appointment.One section audio can manually or by audio reproducing system self (based on selected rhythm) automatically be selected from audio-source by the user.The shortcoming of known audio reproducing system is that the audio section selected is not best for the ongoing body movement of user usually, particularly when the user must be before body movement begins prerequisite be transferred to music (player) storer to audio section and under the less relatively situation of storer.
Summary of the invention
First purpose of the present invention provides a kind of the sort of electronic equipment described in the introductory song paragraph, and this electronic equipment provides a kind of better content item to select, and is used for the reproduction in the body movement process.
Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of the sort of method described in the introductory song paragraph, and this method provides a kind of better content item to select, and is used for the reproduction in the body movement process.
First purpose according to the present invention realizes through said electronic equipment; This electronic equipment comprises an electronic circuit; This electronic circuit is selected the subclass of a content item according to the feedback of collecting in people's body movement process formerly from a collection of content items, this subclass comprises the information of relevant said previous body movement less than said collection of content items and this feedback.The feedback of the information through being utilized in the previous body movement that comprises relevant people in the content choice step, content item can be chosen, and the reproduction of said content item causes producing this people's the most useful performance.The characteristic of content item that its reproduction causes producing this people's the most useful performance is the part of said feedback or can from this feedback, draws.Even the user might manually select suitable content item, but this needs a large amount of effort.The subclass that must transmit content item before the body movement the user is during to music (player) storer, and the present invention is particularly advantageous.
For example, said content item can comprise audio frequency, video, light and/or tactile feedback.Said electronic equipment can be; For example; Be used to transmit personal computer or the portable reproducer of said subset of content items, this portable reproducer itself (for example mobile phone) or fixing reproducer (possibly be integrated in certain body-building equipment) to storer.This set possibly be private collection (private collection) or public's set (public collection) (for example set of content provider).For example, this electronic equipment can be in health club, family or outdoor use.The subclass of this content item can local or long-range (for example in content or service provider) storage.
Said feedback can comprise the condition in this person's body movement formerly.When this person must reach target pace, this was useful especially, but this content item and this person's condition (for example heart rate) is synchronous.This condition can comprise, for example, and people's heart rate.This condition can be, for example, and the average condition of this person in multiple exercise process, the perhaps average condition in each exercise process, the perhaps average condition in this person's each period process in a plurality of periods.
Said feedback can comprise the leg speed in this person's body movement process formerly.When the people must reach target physical state (for example heart rate), this was useful especially, but this content item and people's leg speed is synchronous.Said leg speed can comprise, for example, and the revolution of per minute or the step number of per minute when jogging in the time of by bike.Said leg speed can be, for example, and the average leg speed of this person in multiple exercise process, the perhaps average leg speed in each exercise process, the perhaps average leg speed in this person's each period process in a plurality of periods.
Said feedback can comprise with people's body movement process formerly in the leg speed that is associated of condition.When the rhythm of audio output signal not only depended on people's leg speed but also depends on people's condition, this was useful especially.Thereby health this person's condition of this person is dynamic when reaching a certain leg speed: it depends on the body movement amount that this person is nearest usually.
Said feedback can comprise the information which subclass in the tag content item subclass has been skipped in certain type body movement process.As if though a certain content item can be suitable for certain type physical exercise based on its rhythm or user's common preference, it is not suitable for the possibility of result proof said type physical exercise and in fact can produces harmful effect to this person's performance.This certain content item will can not be selected for this certain type exercise and perhaps even not be sent to music (player) storer.
Said feedback can comprise the information of influence of one or more conditions to the people of the said subset of content items of sign.Some content items possibly have unexpected useful influence to people's condition (being people's performance).These content items will preferentially be selected.
Said feedback can comprise the time span of certain type of physical exercise.Certain type exercise possibly be extended, because the target of this exercise also is not reached, perhaps this exercise of certain type possibly automatically prolonged because this person likes such exercise.When the user must be transferred to music (player) storer to the subclass of content item before beginning at body movement, and this storer is relatively hour, and the correct time length of said exercise is to be used for being directed against the important information that an amount of content item is selected in each exercise,
Second purpose according to the present invention realizes through a kind of method; This method comprises the step of from a collection of content items, select a subset of content items according to the feedback of collecting in people's body movement process formerly, and this subclass comprises the information about previous body movement less than said collection of content items and this feedback.
Description of drawings
With reference to these accompanying drawings, these aspects and other aspects of electronic equipment of the present invention and method will further be explained and explained, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows body-building scheme (workout scheme) instance of the embodiment that is used for method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of method embodiment of the present invention; And
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of electronic equipment of the present invention.
Corresponding elements is identified by identical Reference numeral in the accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
Use concert to cause the interest of physical training, especially can cause independent, that repeat and the interest permanance motion.Before taking exercise or exercise period listen to the music be considered to through mind separate, excitation and improve the motion output quantity through improving emotional state, and be considered to provide the control that improves and the technical ability of study Electric Machine Control.Therefore, music can be to catching up with the fabulous guidance of physical exertion (physical exertion), when this physical exertion especially true when being dull, that repeat and that be sick of situation.The runner has on earphone and listens to the music and become the situation that appears at the street every day.
Many pastime type persons taking exercise and persistent form sportsman/sports fan are with operating to their health and the individual training program of motion experience.These training programs have defined the sequence of exercises that need carry out basically, and the duration and the intensity of each individual's exercise.They are suitable for a complete plan and make amendment as time passes, or make great efforts to reach optimal representation, body weight control, or condition of the injury rehabilitation.
Method of the present invention is preferably used in the individualized music system that is used for physical training, and this individualized music system has realized the integrated of athletic training program, music selection and music playback (playback).It will make physical training more pleasant, and will help the user to catch up with the re-set target of setting in the training program.In brief, in body-building (work out) before, this system supports the user to select to be suitable for the preferred music of physical exertion in the training program in advance.During body-building, select playback of songs, and revise the rhythm of the character, particularly music of music playback, thereby reflection or guidance are with heart rate and the represented active user's performance of motion frequency.After body-building,, collect representation of data and playback of data for visual inspection, for the training program modification and for through learning the music in selected future.
Even when these physical exertion cause dullness, are weary of, pain, fatigue and exhausted sensation and when instant award was not provided, many independent endurance exercise exercises needed excitation make the people adhere to getting off.In motion with temper the psychology field, suppose the person taking exercise use multiple associating/inner (associative/internal) with separates/outside (dissociative/external) strategy deals with the actual demand of the health intensity that produces because of the consumption (sport exertion) of moving and required endurance.Under the situation of physical load that is lower than appropriateness, the person taking exercise can shift (that is, " separation ") automatically to the notice from the internal sensation of muscle, joint, cardiovascular and pulmonary system.Used separation strategy be image create (imagery production), positive mood development (positive mood development) (for example, through recalling fine in life thing), consideration work, cause or social relationships, establishment self efficacy (self-efficacy), self-respect and confidence, or the problem of carrying out such as mental arithmetic solve.Obviously, during the maximum heart rate deposit about 70% (maximal heartrate reserve (MHRR)), the person taking exercise is compelled to begin their notice is rotated back on the uncomfortable internal sensation from external prompt.When feeling extreme fatigue or exhausted physical load degree, (for example, be in 90%VO
2MAX), the person taking exercise can not be again with themselves and upcoming painful sensations " separation " mutually.Replace, the person taking exercise must be directly and misery carry out " fight ", thereby adhere to their exercise, this needs high-caliber excitation and tempers tolerance (exertion tolerance).
Except that making that physical exertion is more pleasant, music can also help the person taking exercise to break away from the sensation of effort, even become the motivator of ongoing effort.Research has shown that rapid music (up-tempo) can improve performance, but only to the physical tasks (that is, having inferior best endeavors) of low and appropriate level's exercise effectively.When tangible 70%MHRR critical level, doubling the music leg speed makes the person taking exercise can postpone their tired time; As if the change that seems music rhythm help them to prolong the cycle of use " separation " coping strategy.If it is synchronous with the music of playing that the person taking exercise is clearly indicated, performance will be improved so.Especially, when stepping on the speed of pedaling and music when synchronous, endurance is improved in static, constant-pace bicycle task.Opposite with the effect that does not have music, pedal inharmonic background music and can not demonstrate identical effect with stepping on.At high intensity exertions (for example, 90%VO
2MAX) time, the feeling of effort becomes irresistible and has no difference, reaches extreme fatigue and used-up degree then.As mentioning, under the degree of the sort of effort, the person taking exercise can not be more on one's own initiative with their diversion to environmental stimuli.Therefore, though music still can be brought bigger enjoyment for task than the situation that does not have music, music can not help them to improve to keep their effort.
The appropriate combination of single endurance exercise and music playback has produced the consumer goods.The commerce cooperation of Philips of electronic equipment company and the Nike of sportswear manufacturer creates a kind of unit equipment, is called MP3Run (PSA260), and this equipment shows and register system as portable music player and performance/training.This player is the flash memory device of 256MB, be used to play the music of about 4 to 8 hours MP3 or WMA format encoded, and this player comprises the FM radio.Can upgrade music through downloading.For track record, this equipment has the passometer that transmits (using Bluetooth) speed and range data to this equipment wireless, is used for showing and (on-demand) audible feedback as required.Representation of data can upload to personal computer so that inspection.Yet music playback or renewal do not combine with performance.
Training program is defined in the order of the physical exercise of schedule in the individual event training.The definition of taking exercise can comprise (referring to Fig. 1):
Exercise types, it refers in similar running, by bike, row the boat, the exercise in the motion of aerobic exercise and body-building and so on;
Temper the duration, the time period of said exercise is carried out in its appointment, and it possibly be in the intensity rank of regulation;
Exercise intensity, it specifies said exercise to carry out in what fatigue rank.It can represent that it can specify the heart rate range of wanting according to the number percent of HRmax deposit (MHRR).For example, the aerobic heart rate range that is used to improve endurance and best cardiovascular training is the MHRR of 70-80%;
Temper strict degree (exercise stringency), it informs how loose how strict or said exercise should aspect duration and intensity.
For specific exercise types, parameter is incoherent or inscrutable.For example, the heart rate during the warm-up or stretching is very little relevant, and supposition is in resting state.Can't learn also in advance how long be in tranquility from tired recovering state to heart rate need spend.
Notice, would rather " easily run across the park " and be reluctant to concentrate on for the people of training program that training program also can comprise such as the individual event of running a hour takes exercise for those.Typically; Training program is the part of the personalized training program of a complete sum; The personalized training program of complete sum is used to realize well-defined long-term objective, such as making great efforts in competitive sports, to reach optimal representation, prolong endurance, strengthen strength (strength and power), lose weight, become more healthy, keep fit or making physical rehabilitation.These plans are formulated by exercise physiologist, coach, trainer, motion and health consultation company or by people oneself with these training programs together, and they also maybe be by means of the help of The present computer technology.
In the embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 2, the music of liking 4 operational phase utilizations helps the user to catch up with the expectation target that is arranged in the training program.4 stages are installation phase (not shown), preparatory stage 1, exercise period 2 and feedback stage 4.Installation phase, preparatory stage 1 and feedback stage 4 are off-lines.In other words, before and after physical exertion, use personal computer to carry out the task of relating to these stages at home.Otherwise when the user carried out physical exercise, exercise period 2 was online.
Installation phase
Use for the first time this system to need the installation phase (not shown) with personalized this system.In a dialogue; The personal data that this system asks to be correlated with to the user (for example; Name, sex, age), exercise and physiological data (for example; Body weight, fat content, resting heart rate, maximum or peak value heart rate, step frequently, step-length) and motion experience level (that is beginner, medium, experienced).In addition, can change or increase the definition of taking exercise and to the taste of music.This system can be used by a plurality of users, but they all have its personal information.The user always can get back to this installation phase to reset their data.
Preparatory stage 1
Preparatory stage 1 is relevant with off-line training program creation and music pre-selection.Ready training plan can provide use, revise, and perhaps can start anew to create.Then, from the bigger collection of music that is fit to this training program, select the music of hobby.Before hands-on begins, carry out music pre-selection, thereby guarantee the motion and the music experience of comfortable (hassle-free).In addition, it overcomes current and limits based on the storage on the portable player of flash memory.Different training is taken exercise has significantly different characteristics aspect motion, leg speed, intensity and duration.For example, the warm-up clearance-type Training Practicing that is different from is not because it considers exercise intensity or user's performance.On the contrary, the warm-up whole notices that need the person taking exercise.These different physical exercise characteristics need be selected different preferred music.Music and training program all download in the portable portable player.In the music pre-selection strategy of system, require below the design:
In training program, consider the personal music preference relevant with exercise, this personal music preference relates to taste to song, musical genre, artist etc.
The music number of choosing is on the whole proportional and proportional with the duration of training program with the duration of each exercise.
Music is selected according to exercise intensity.Especially, exercise intensity is converted into the music rhythm characteristic.
Adopt user's performance indicator to learn and to comprise or to get rid of what song at pre-selecting of future.
The said preparatory stage 1 comprises step 6: as shown in Figure 2; According to the feedback of collecting in people 3 body movement formerly; From collection of content items, select the subclass of a content item, this subclass is less than said collection of content items, and said feedback comprises the information about said previous body movement.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, said feedback is processed in said feedback stage 4.In an optional embodiment, step 6 can be used as the part of a kind of exercise period of carrying out at the server place and carries out.A kind of (for example known) content reproducing device can be connected with that server during said body movement.In said optional embodiment, off-line phase is dispensable.
In order to make the music pre-selection process setting, we are defined as a limited vector s=(v with K property value with song
1... ν
K).The label of the internal characteristics of these attribute reflection catalogue datas or music, the music internal characteristics is such as being unique identifier, heading message, artist name, school, duration, music rhythm and time signature.The value that is used for these labels can be easily by providing from third-party online service or music signal Processing Algorithm.Whole probable values for each k attribute all concentrate on by D
kIn the Attribute domain of expression.
Finite set M=(the S of the first song of m
1..., S
m) expression user collection of music.Realize music pre-selection through producing a broadcast set, this broadcast set is defined as (unordered) set p=(p of the first song of n
1..., p
K), wherein for i=1 ..., n p
i∈ M.We use p
IkK property value of the first song of i in the set play in expression.In order to explain conveniently, we consider the size of broadcast set n that will be to be known.In fact, it is variable making the size of playing set.
For every independent exercise, define one group of constraint (constraint) C through producing the user or the system that play set.In addition, constraint is defined by being applicable to whole training program, for example, selects different songs so that guarantee to take exercise for these, and retrains and be defined by whole music and all be suitable for portable player.All playing set all is merged into a collection of pre-selected music of in exercise period, using.Constraint is to inform that in the statement item what song is what song should not be taken in the restriction of playing in the set in playing set.Constraint can reflect user's in the exercise music preferences or to the restriction of the music attribute that is fit to physical exertion.Satisfy restriction if play set, think that so playing set satisfies a constraint by constraint definition.Otherwise, think that it violates said constraint.
If the user dislikes having the music of particular community (for example, artist or school) when doing specific exercise, she can be through user interface to this fact of these notifications to prevent to select this type music.Then, this system illustrates an excluding restriction (excludeconstraint) with object lesson.In form, excluding restriction by four-dimensional number (k V) provides for p, n, wherein:
P plays to gather,
N is the size of p,
K is an attribute number, 1≤k≤K,
V is one group of property value,
Expression is for whole 1≤i≤n, and it must keep
On the other hand, if the user likes having the music of particular community, this system illustrates a counting (counting) constraint, the occurrence number that this count constraints limits and forces special property value with object lesson in playing set so.In form, count constraints by sextuple number (p, n, k, V, a b) provides, wherein:
P plays to gather,
N is the size of p,
K is an attribute number, 1≤k≤K,
V is one group of property value,
A and b are respectively the lower limit and the upper limit,
Represent it must keep a≤| { 1≤i≤n|p
Ik∈ V}|≤b.
If temper duration with restriction, need select one group of song so with similar total duration, can use the duration (duration) constraint to it.In form, duration constraints by five dimensions (p, n, k, a b) provides, wherein:
P plays to gather,
N is the size of p,
K is an attribute number, 1≤k≤K,
A and b are respectively the lower limit and the upper limit,
Represent that it must keep
An exercise is limited in the broadcast set that needs on the involved range of musical tempi and generates through its intensity and strict degree.If we suppose motion frequency will with music synchronously (or vice versa), only need have the music of specific range of musical tempi, to it range constraint can be provided.Need learn and temper the relevant accurate restriction on music rhythm for each specific user.In form, range constraint by five dimensions (p, n, k, v w) provides, wherein:
P plays to gather,
N is the size of p,
K is an attribute number, 1≤k≤K,
V and w are respectively the lower limit and the upper limit, v wherein, w ∈ D
k
Expression is for whole 1≤i≤n, and it must keep v≤p
Ik≤w.Likewise, as if it is the same to obtain k property value from statistical distribution (for example, normal distribution), can produce song for playing set.
Note, limit the not modeling of constraint of order of songs, because play the set that set is considered to out-of-order.
1) be achieved through Local Search: satisfying one group of constraint is a NP-hard combination difficult problem.Therefore unlikely there is the multinomial algorithm that calculates the broadcast set of satisfying any given constrain set.If constraint conflict, what for to there being the situation that does not have feasible solution.Therefore, not to seek exact solution, but through using Local Search to calculate approximate solution.In this local search approach, each constraint of playing in the set all is converted into standardized, intelligent connecting linear penalty (piece-wisely linear penalty functions).If satisfy constraint, then each penalty is defined as zero, if do not satisfy constraint, then each penalty is defined as greater than zero, and along with the numerical value of violating constraint increases and increases.For instance, the penalty that is used for duration constraints is defined as:
Wherein
And δ=max (a-nmin D
k, nmax D
k-b).If the summation of whole k property values (for example, total duration) is within the scope [a, b], punishment is zero so.Otherwise punishment is the normalized difference (normalized difference) between summation and the immediate lower limit or the upper limit.
Total punishment is defined as the weighting convex combination (weightedconvex combination) of the whole penalty that relate to.Weight representes that how serious so ungratified situation have if also do not satisfy constraint.Some constraints are very strict, and other constraint representation can partly be violated.With respect to selecting more than for the music that can be suitable for an exercise, the artistical song of selecting to be liked very little maybe be stricter.
In order to find the broadcast set that minimizes total punishment, Local Search considers to separate fully or play set.Pursue and separate stepping through in each iteration, using change at random, little.This change that can allow is: (i) increase song, (ii) delete song, and (iii) replace a first song with a first new song.Because the constraint on this and not mentioned sequence order does not make much difference so change order of songs.Select if the new music that produces selects to be superior to original music, accept new music so and select, and get into the next one circulation of Local Search.If new separating is poorer, then can accept this and separate according to a certain probability, this probability reduces along with deterioration (deterioration) amount, and in the process of algorithm, reduces.In other words, search procedure " cools down ", and this is called simulated annealing, thereby avoids being absorbed in local minimum.Simulated annealing need be used for temperature controlled predefined cooling planning chart (schedule); Normal linearity cooling planning chart is used.
Little modification to said method can not convert penalty into all retraining, and is easy to constraint but handled some through pre-service (that is, using constraint propagation principle (constraint propagation principles)).For example, all be rock song if the user wants whole songs, people come from the rock song in the music collections and do not consider that all the other whole songs can realize easily through only using so.
Referring to Fig. 2, exercise period 2 is online stages, wherein playback pre-selected music when the user takes exercise.Exercise instruction in training program is with what music of playback.System's (being portable player at present) utilizes with the wireless connections of heart rate sensor and keeps watch on and the user representation of data of record such as heart rate, utilizes with the wireless connections of passometer and keeps watch on and record motion frequency (that is, runner's step frequently) and running speed.According to required incentive mode, music playback is suitable for active user's performance or current training objective.Except that the linear playback of standard, realized following senior modes of music playback:
Constant tempo (constant tempo): with the constant tempo playback of music, thereby the excitation person taking exercise is synchronous with the music that is used to strengthen endurance with its leg speed.Its target is to help person taking exercise's its muscle power of mean allocation on a segment distance, and reduces because the restoration costs that of short duration high-intensity exercise causes.
Leg speed coupling (pace matching): the current step that music rhythm is adapted to the person taking exercise continuously frequently, thereby support run frequently with the different steps, and need not time of being absorbed in continuing.
Leg speed influence (pace influencing): paces and music through making the person taking exercise are synchronous, and the acceleration music rhythm is pressed the same manner acceleration with the excitation person taking exercise.In this case, purpose is to reach a performance level that defines in the training program.
Different playback modes is relevant with the different physical exercise mode, and the different physical exercise mode can have different type of sports (for example, run, by bike, the gap has a rest (interval), jogs), leg speed, intensity and duration.Suppose the performance of when taking exercise, measuring the user.User's performance can be expressed as the leg speed of running that uses in the passometer measurement step frequency, is expressed as to use the leg speed by bike that changes in the device measurement gyro frequency, perhaps is expressed as the heart rate that uses the heartbeat of cardiometer (cardiometer) measurement per minute.For running, the step can be taken as the unit of performance frequently.For by bike, half of frequency can be taken as the unit of performance to pedal.For rowing the boat, half of whole rowing phase can be taken as the unit of performance.For heart rate, individual heartbeat can be taken as the unit of performance.Can be for different movement definition different units of performance.Revise the characteristic (for example, rhythm, volume, sound position, equilibrium) of music playback then according to active user performance and current selected playback mode.For example, if necessary, the rhythm of music playback can pass through music transformation technologies (for example, time-stretching) and control.The pattern of playback is expanded how first song, and hint shows according to playback mode and active user and selects new song.
Obviously, the user controls playback; Utilize the interactive controls on the player can skip or prolong song and exercise.In addition, can select different playback modes.At last, keep watch on the duration and the intensity of current exercise, be used for sending the signal that carries out the next item down exercise to the user.According to active user's performance, current exercise purpose, modes of music playback and played songs history select song.
Different modes of music playback needs Different control and music selection strategy.Need not the linear playback of standard is further described in detail.This system has portable music player, heart rate monitor (generally include the pectoral girdle (chest belt) that has wireless launcher, and the receiver that is connected to player) and the step structure (set-up) of monitor (use is connected to the passometer of player) frequently.Used pectoral girdle transmits the pulse of each heartbeat.This system uses 5 moving averages of input pulse time interval as current heart rate.For the step frequency, also use 5 moving averages.
A) constant tempo: if the original tempo of song does not satisfy the rhythm of wanting, the music playback of constant tempo changes the rhythm of given song through time-stretching so.In brief, time-stretching is under the situation of not revising tone (pitch), shortens or prolong audio data file according to proportionality factor.Obviously, for for line drawing and playback, this need carry out faster than real time; Employing is based on the time domain technology of synchronous stack (synchronous overlap-and-add) standard (SOLA).Proportionality factor is represented the rhythm of wanting of song and the ratio between the original tempo.Sound quite unpleasant to hear because revise the music of too many (for example, surpassing 125%), so can not carry out time-stretching harmlessly to great proportionality factor (extreme scale factors).Therefore, (next) song that is used for playback is defined as rhythm that original tempo approaches to want most and recently also not by the song of playback.If want, then play the artistical song in same position discontinuously.
B) leg speed coupling: the person taking exercise receives the excitation with the music of its synchronized movement.The leg speed coupling makes music and user's step synchronous frequently.Step, frequently perhaps leg speed was the number of times that user's pin landed in the process at a minute, and representes (spm) with the step number of per minute.Music rhythm is represented (bpm) with the bat of per minute, and wherein a music measures in 4/4 beat comprises 4 bats.In order to make music rhythm coupling step frequently, need to stretch service time sooner or playing back music more slowly.The typical maximum value that relates to the scale factor of time-stretching is-15% to+25%.For the song with 100bpm rhythm, this causes range of stretch is [85,125].
Still can clap and be harmonious because pin impacts the moment on ground, so can also think when frequency is 150spm and mate with 75bpm rhythm playing back music when the step with a music.Notice that we suppose that music rhythm and user's stride is a homophase.It has been generally acknowledged that frequently multiple of step (2 times, 4 times, 8 times ...)) or whole mark (integral division) (1/2,1/4,1/8 ...) with the music rhythm coupling.
For example, if the rhythm of current song is 100bpm (meaning that song stretch range is [85,125]), and the step be 210spm frequently, system can broadcast rhythm with music and change into 105bpm so.If the step is 130spm frequently, then can not in song stretch range, find effective coupling.In this case, through the time-stretching song, music is broadcasted rhythm and is changed the stretch border that approaches to go on foot frequency most into.Then, play (for example 30 seconds) under the enough long situation, chosen first new a song so that the song that repeats along with time decreased changes in current song.In order to make transformation not have lofty tempo variation, this first new song requires to have the range of stretch that comprises current broadcast rhythm and frequency of current step.
Change broadcast rhythm with a kind of mode stably.When changing rhythm immediately, being interrupted in the music playback, (hick-up) was clearly.On the other hand, when change needed for a long time, system responses is slow (that is, above 10 seconds) too, and accurately the match user step frequently.The parameter of appointing system response time is T in the leg speed match pattern
m, it was specified by the maximum time that changes cost in the defined broadcast rhythm of song stretch range.Adopt a linear function to calculate the real time that is converted to new broadcast rhythm from given broadcast rhythm.This function is with t
mExpression, it has two points, t
mAnd t (0)=0
m(Δ
Max)=T
m, Δ wherein
MaxThe maximum that expression is broadcasted in the rhythm changes.Suppose linear, but as following expansion, can adopt square root relationship to compare and propagate little variation relatively quickly with bigger variation.
When considering the above-mentioned supposition T that has
mDuring=1000 milliseconds instance, the variation from 100bpm to 105bpm need
Millisecond.
C) leg speed influence: in order to encourage the person taking exercise within certain heart rate range, to reach and to keep its heart rate, this system adopts the method with 4 steps.
1) the coupling music is broadcasted rhythm and user's stride frequency, thereby guarantees the contact between them;
2) confirm heart rate goal, and confirm step frequency and music broadcast rhythm sub-goal from heart rate goal;
3) propagate the variation that music is broadcasted rhythm from current broadcast rhythm to the broadcast rhythm of wanting by definite sub-goal.
4) wait for heart rate stabilization.
These steps repeat in the circulation at one continuously, reach exercise goal up to.
Broadcast the rhythm matching step frequently through supposition music in step 1, the broadcast tempo variation in step 3 will produce synchronous effect to user's stride frequency.In other words, the person taking exercise will keep its motion to be in step with later music broadcast tempo variation in time automatically.Use aforementioned leg speed match pattern to mate and broadcast rhythm and step frequency.In case mated the step frequently, this system just advances to next step.
In second step, compare user's the current heart rate and the heart rate goal of current exercise, and definite difference percentage.Estimate that through directly heart rate difference percentage being applied to current step frequency the needed step frequently.According to athletic physiology, we know that heart rate will change along with exercise intensity and linear change takes place.In other words, 10% of heart rate increase means that the step frequently increases by 10%.The required then step is converted into required music frequently and broadcasts rhythm; Required broadcast rhythm can be multiple or whole mark frequently of required step.
As the leg speed match pattern, when current song can not further stretch when adapting to music and broadcast tempo variation, this system will broadcast rhythm and change into immediate probable value (that is, perhaps maximum song stretch border perhaps minimum song stretch border).Subsequently, select a head to have to comprise music that reached and required to broadcast the new song of the range of stretch of rhythm.
This system keeps the history of heart rate measurement.Thus, can predict next in 30 seconds heart rate (required thus broadcast rhythm) will how to make progress.If need to change song for playback, this prediction then preferably selects any song that valuable information is provided to next step.The number that needs song to change is minimized.
Because owing to ignore or fatigue, flip-flop broadcasts rhythm and will cause the user can't catch up with this variation,, music do not carry out immediately so broadcasting the variation of rhythm.Replace, system considers one period travel-time.As in the leg speed match pattern, adopt a linear function to calculate the real time that is converted to new broadcast rhythm from given broadcast rhythm.This function is with t
iExpression has two points, t
iAnd t (0)=0
i(Δ
Max)=T
m, Δ wherein
MaxThe maximum that rhythm is broadcasted in expression changes.
At last, when having propagated variation, before adding variation, system wait user heart rate reaches stable.Rule of thumb, when test, user's cardiovascular system needs a period of time to adapt to extra effort.System specifies the fixing stand-by period after each the change, but seeks the trend that the difference in the continuous heart rate with little derivative (derivative) value reduces.
In addition,, can put music more loud, can strengthen low frequency for encourage users is moved more consumingly, and/or can playback of music, the Buddhist music of walking back and forth is the same in face of the audience.Can select to have new song corresponding to the rhythm of the performance level that shows a little more than the active user.In addition, for encourage users is moved less intensely, can with music put littler sound, can weaken low frequency, and/or can playback of music, the Buddhist music of walking back and forth is the same after one's death the audience.Can select to have new song corresponding to the rhythm of the performance level that shows a little less than the active user.
Feedback stage 4
Feedback stage 4 is relevant with feedback with off-line performance storage.For customer inspection and systematic learning purpose, representation of data, the actual training program of carrying out and the list of songs of actual playback have been stored.For check, self-respect, excitation and in order to offer suggestions to revising current training method, can adopt graphics mode to show representation of data.System obtains and is used to learn the data what exercise types is what music be suitable for most.
Find the music that is suitable for training program
The most important characteristics of confirming the adaptability of song in the musical database that in specific exercise, uses is its rhythm.Other characteristics comprise: for example, and musical instrument that uses in number of taps (percussiveness) (quantity of the bat in the song), beat, tone, the recording or the like.Because the quantity of storage space is usually limited; Consider such as " during a training program, not playing identical song twice " the perhaps user preference " song of discontinuous broadcast similar artists "; Must find and a kind ofly guarantee that correct music is in the method on the portable set, so that can find suitable song.Produce the rhythm probability graph through each is taken exercise, then these figure are merged into the whole rhythm probability graph that is used for whole training program, can achieve this end.
In the embodiment of the inventive method, confirm the leg speed of coupling exercise heart rate range, so that find the music that is suitable for training program.Regrettably, this relation is not simple directly relation.Because the factor such as wherein endurance (how long running), fatigue, runner's health, weather condition and the time in one day, with certain leg speed run and the heart rate that causes because of the different of user and difference over time.Yet, can suppose certain mean tempo, its result such as following table:
HR sex age pace
50% man is below 30 90.2
50% male 30-40 88.6
60% man is below 30 110.1
70% man is below 30 116.5
70% woman is below 30 112.9
70% women 30-40 110.7
80% man is below 30 125.0
For tempering another importance of confirming mean tempo is to take exercise in the inner residing position of training program.For example, the leg speed that when beginning to take exercise, need reach heart rate 110 possibly be 90, and after 30 minutes, leg speed 80 just is enough to reach this heart rate.Therefore, can be according to sex and age supposition user's the curve of fatigue, the time of wherein having write down reaches the influence of the leg speed of a certain heart rate level to needs.The form that these are rough and the curve of fatigue with according to sex and the age colony the user be categorized as the basis.This information can be imported by user easier ground, and does not need many times to carry out system calibration.
Set up predicted value, from these average leg speeds, can suppose to be Gaussian distribution, the particular cadence in estimating to take exercise and the similarity of typical heart rate range for the leg speed of every kind of exercise in the training program:
Average μ in this simple Gaussian function is the average estimation leg speed for an exercise, the wherein width of standard deviation ecbatic figure.Consider the estimation rhythm of previous exercise (because this rhythm is likely the rhythm when current exercise will begin) and the estimation rhythm that the next item down is tempered (based on similar reason), deviation can settle the standard.Above considered statistical information all about class of subscriber (age and gender groups) performance.In addition, utilized information from training program.Yet, at exercise period, record (logged) down user representation of data and after taking exercise at feedback stage collection user's representation of data.This data can be used for making distribution personalized more.
At first, can confirm mean deviation, and this mean deviation can be used in combination with the available statistical information of the better standard deviation of this type of exercise that finds to certain exercise types.In addition, when considering user's performance, can be more accurate how confirm the mean tempo mu in the function.The effective ways that carry out this combination will be from user's performance, to produce true curve, and a curve of having created before utilizing comes average this curve.Identical processing can be used for user's fatigue curve.Like this, every of having accomplished for the user of the prediction of rhythm new take exercise more and more accurate.
Every has been taken exercise separately and created accurate distribution more or less, all these curves can be summarized as the overall distribution that (summed up to) is used for whole training program.Can consider the relative weighting of taking exercise.Temper definite this weight of duration through investigating these with respect to the length of whole training program.One of problem that produces is to represent some exercise duration with km or target heart replacement time.Continue to take exercise for distance, consider user's fatigue curve, this distance can multiply by average running velocity.For target heart, also can consider user's fatigue curve.
When setting up the overall distribution that is used for whole training program, thisly can be mapped to available total reproduction time on music (player) storer respectively.Preferably, total reproduction time depend on the storer the space size and to the average compression level of every first song.Referring to Fig. 2, can make one of this figure coupling constraint that song need satisfy in the preparatory stage 1.
User interface
In this system implementation example, system allows the user to stop, skipping, suspend or restarts the song and the modes of music playback of current broadcast in the exercise, playlist in the training program.Music player is tempered the music selected and is made music player itself strictly observe training program through the time that the duration of considering these exercises perhaps reaches predefined performance level and spent through only playing in advance to each.User's control of music playback realizes through the present invention who comprises the user interface system that is provided with the mutual control of visit.
It is first music of tempering preliminary election that this system starts from playing.Send exercise types to user through phonetic synthesis and/or text/display reminding.In addition, for example send song information to user through demonstration and/or phonetic synthesis.Exercise can have the predefined fixedly duration or can have the variable duration.Under latter instance, exercise will prolong, till reaching predefined user's performance level or needing only the predefined user's performance level of maintenance (referring to Fig. 1).
When taking exercise and listening to the music, for example, when when needing whole notice, the user can suspend music playback and exercise for other tasks (perhaps talking with passerby such as passing road).Can restart playing back music then and restart to take exercise.Reach or keep specific performance level if take exercise to relate to, restart so to mean to begin once more to take exercise.Through show and/or phonetic synthesis to the user report exercise state.
If dislike the particular songs of playback, the user can skip the song of current broadcast so.Next preliminary election song of playback then.The selection of this first new song can be depended on playback mode.Information about this first new song is transmitted to the user.Skip song repeatedly is till finding the song of liking.The selection of new song is a round-robin, the whole songs that allow user error to recover and navigate fully and temper preliminary election for.
In the time can finishing to take exercise, the user obtains notice.Finish exercise and mean that the predefined duration has expired, perhaps the user has successfully reached and has perhaps kept specific performance level.Can pass through auditory cues, vibration prompt, text/display reminding, the prompting of LED light, perhaps transmit this information through changing music playback characteristic (for example, slowly, softr).User's decision is skipped current exercise and is entered into the next item down exercise then.The user can also determine to continue to do current exercise; After one period short period, equipment will begin current exercise once more.Do not finish even should take exercise as yet, the user always can determine to skip current exercise.Entering into the next item down exercise is round-robin.If the exercise of last in the training program, the next item down exercise will be first exercise in this program so.This circulation characteristics allow user error to recover and full navigation.Other embodiment of system can only have the part of above-mentioned characteristic.
Referring to Fig. 3, electronic equipment 21 of the present invention comprises electronic circuit 23.Electronic circuit 23 is effectively according to the feedback of collecting in people's body movement formerly, from collection of content items, selects the subclass of a content item, and this subclass is less than said collection of content items, and said feedback comprises the information about said previous body movement.Said electronic equipment 21 can be fixed equipment or portable set.For example; Said electronic equipment 21 can be a kind of content reproducing device that when personnel carry out physical exertion, is used to reproduce content; Portable music player for example, said electronic equipment 21 or be used for content item is sent to the equipment of the storer that said content reproducing device or said content reproducing device use.Said electronic equipment 21 can comprise the input 25 that is used to receive said subset of content items, for example, and USB port or network connection.Said electronic equipment 21 can comprise the output 25 that is used for said subset of content items is sent to the storer that said content reproducing device or said content reproducing device use, for example, and USB port, network connection.Said electronic equipment 21 can comprise (fixing is perhaps removable) memory storage 31 (for example hard disk, solid-state memory and/or optical-disc reader).For example, said memory storage 31 can be stored the subclass of said collection of content items, said content item and/or collected feedback.Said electronic equipment 21 can comprise the transcriber 29 of the subclass that is used to reproduce said content item, for example, and loudspeaker, tactile feedback generator, display or lamp.Said electronic circuit 23 can be for example multi-usage processor or specialized application processor.Software can be used for making effectively electronic circuit 23 to carry out method of the present invention.
Although invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments; But should be appreciated that to those skilled in the art it is conspicuous in the principle scope of above-mentioned summary, it being made amendment; Therefore the invention is not restricted to preferred embodiment, but also comprised this modification.The invention reside in each novel feature and each combination of features.Reference numeral in the claim does not limit their protection domain.The use verb " comprises " and version is not got rid of the element that exists except that those elements described in the right requirement.Before element, use measure word " " perhaps " one " do not get rid of and have a plurality of this elements.
No matter " device " has simple function still is other functions; No matter " device " work independently or with other element collaborative works; To those skilled in the art, " device " clearly means hardware (such as that separate or integrated circuit or electronic component) or the software (such as the part of program or program) that comprises any executable operations or be designed to carry out appointed function.Can realize the present invention through the hardware that comprises some different elements, also can realize the present invention through suitable program-controlled computer." software " should be understood to the software product that means on any computer-readable medium that is stored in such as floppy disk, via the software product of the network download such as the Internet, the software product that perhaps can sell by any way.
Claims (4)
1. the electronic equipment of a chosen content item (21), this electronic equipment (21) comprising:
Be used for the feedback of collecting according to people (3) body movement formerly; Before the body movement of reality begins, from collection of content items, select the device of the subclass of (6) content item, this subclass is less than said collection of content items; And said feedback comprises the information about said previous body movement
Wherein said feedback comprises at least one in the following information:
-people's (3) condition and the leg speed that is associated with this condition in said previous body movement;
The information which content item in the said subset of content items of-sign has been skipped in the physical exercise of a certain type;
One or more content items in the said subset of content items of-sign are to the information of the influence of people's (3) condition.
2. according to the electronic equipment of claim 1, wherein, said feedback comprises the time span of the physical exercise of a certain type.
3. the method for a chosen content item may further comprise the steps:
According to the feedback of collecting in people (3) body movement formerly; Before the body movement of reality begins, from collection of content items, select the subclass of (6) content item, this subclass is less than said collection of content items; And said feedback comprises the information about said previous body movement
Wherein said feedback comprises at least one in the following information:
-people's (3) condition and the leg speed that is associated with this condition in said previous body movement;
The information which content item in the said subset of content items of-sign has been skipped in the physical exercise of a certain type;
One or more content items in the said subset of content items of-sign are to the information of the influence of people's (3) condition.
4. according to the method for claim 3, wherein, said feedback comprises the time span of the physical exercise of a certain type.
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| WO2006085237A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
| JP2008530678A (en) | 2008-08-07 |
| KR101333024B1 (en) | 2013-11-26 |
| EP1851661A1 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
| JP5149017B2 (en) | 2013-02-20 |
| US20080188354A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
| CN101120343A (en) | 2008-02-06 |
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