CN101193607A - 人工脊椎盘装置 - Google Patents

人工脊椎盘装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101193607A
CN101193607A CNA2004800374555A CN200480037455A CN101193607A CN 101193607 A CN101193607 A CN 101193607A CN A2004800374555 A CNA2004800374555 A CN A2004800374555A CN 200480037455 A CN200480037455 A CN 200480037455A CN 101193607 A CN101193607 A CN 101193607A
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China
Prior art keywords
implant
vertebra
housing
fibrous ring
spinal disc
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Granted
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CNA2004800374555A
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CN101193607B (zh
Inventor
鲍其滨
杰弗里·L·特吕迪
布赖恩·P·亚诺夫斯基
马修·N·松格
袁汉森
托马斯·S·基尔佩莱
格雷戈里·贝雷沃茨
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Pioneer Laboratories Inc
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Pioneer Laboratories Inc
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    • A61F2310/00185Ceramics or ceramic-like structures based on metal oxides
    • A61F2310/00203Ceramics or ceramic-like structures based on metal oxides containing alumina or aluminium oxide
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00179Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
    • A61F2310/00185Ceramics or ceramic-like structures based on metal oxides
    • A61F2310/00239Ceramics or ceramic-like structures based on metal oxides containing zirconia or zirconium oxide ZrO2
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00574Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of carbon, e.g. of pyrocarbon

Abstract

公开了一种用于置换受损的髓核的人工脊椎盘装置。在一种形式中,该装置可分部件插入,使得该装置可在天然纤维环内组装并被天然纤维环保持在其内。在另一形式中,所述装置可以塌瘪或压缩状态(或布置)插入天然纤维环内,然后在其内扩展并被纤维环保持在其内。在再一形式中,所述装置可设有可释放连接,使得该装置可在插入构造中被连接,并在可手术构造中被释放。还公开了插入工具和插入方法。

Description

人工脊椎盘装置
相关申请的交叉参引
本申请是2002年10月29日提交的题为“人工椎间盘装置”的美国专利申请,系列号10/282,620的继续申请,并且是2003年10月22日提交的名为“人工脊椎盘装置”的美国专利申请,系列号10/692,468的继续申请,将这些申请的说明完整结合于此。
技术领域
本申请涉及人工椎间植入物,并且更具体地涉及一种多部件植入物,其允许所述多个部件的相对关节连接和/或移动。
背景技术
专业医疗探求的最常见矫形状况是下背疼痛。尽管导致下背疼痛的因素有很多,但主要因素是椎间脊椎盘的损伤或退化对神经系统尤其是脊椎内的脊髓造成冲击。这种冲击可能导致例如丧失活动能力、大小便失禁、以及极度坐骨神经疼或极度疼痛。
脊椎盘的损伤或退化可能由多种因素(例如,使用不当或年龄)造成。脊椎盘本身主要由环和包含在该环内的髓核构成。所述环是纤维环片,其与附近的椎骨相连并包含髓核,髓核是胶状粘性物质,能够吸震并可流动从而允许多轴线转动并抵抗椎骨和脊骨的弹性挤压。最常见的是,脊椎盘退化是由于纤维环发生损伤使得可流动的髓核物质泄漏或渗出该环造成的。脊椎盘退化还可以以其它方式发生,例如丧失营养流从而导致脊椎盘干燥且易受损伤。由于髓核物质是可流动的,纤维环不必受到过度损伤就会发生泄漏。
目前,治疗直接影响脊髓的脊椎问题的方法有很多种。例如,可采用制动术和高剂量皮质类固醇。治疗这些问题的主要手术方法是脊椎融合术和脊椎盘切除术(discectomy)。融合术是这样一种方法,其中通过使骨骼在椎骨之间或在椎骨上生长将相邻椎骨制动,从而使它们彼此永久固定,而脊椎盘切除术要将脊椎盘的一部分或全部移除。
然而,这些手术方法中的每种方法的现行实践通常都具有某些局限。对于融合术,由于使脊柱的一部分大致僵直,降低了活动性并极大改变了沿脊柱的正常载荷分布。由于这些因素,正常生理运动时,脊椎的未融合部分承受显著增大的应力和应变。作用在未融合部分上的增大的应力和应变会导致未融合部分(特别是相邻层次的脊椎)的脊椎盘退化加速。
脊椎盘切除术通过移除挤压脊椎神经的受损或突出的脊椎盘组织有效缓解了坐骨神经痛。然而,现行的脊椎盘切除术通常会导致相邻椎骨间的脊椎盘空间减小,并使脊椎受影响的部分不稳定。现行脊椎盘切除术的这种长期影响常常导致初次脊椎盘切除手术几年后要进行进一步手术。
这种类型的脊椎手术的最近进展(尽管不是新进展)是一种称为脊椎盘关节成形术(disc arthroplasty)的方法,这种方法用于利用假体恢复或重建脊椎盘以置换受损的脊椎盘的一部分或全部。脊椎盘关节成形术的主要目的在于恢复或维持正常脊椎盘的结构和功能,同时解决和治疗引起疼痛的原因。然而,由于天然脊椎盘结构和天然脊椎盘的生物力学特性的复杂性,假体脊椎盘植入已取得的成就较小。当在这里使用时,术语天然是指包括脊椎和脊椎盘的部分在内的正常组织。
医学科学和研究目前认为有两种用于脊椎盘关节成形术的假体是值得进一步研究的。一种是全部脊椎盘假体(或TDP),其中在彻底的脊椎盘切除后置换整个脊椎盘。典型的TDP包括共同模拟天然脊椎盘特性的结构。
另一种是脊椎盘髓核假体(或DNP),其用于在髓核切割(nucleotomy)后仅置换脊椎盘的髓核,同时不碰触该脊椎盘的纤维环并尽可能不碰触端板(end plate)。如上所述,天然脊椎盘的失效无需过度损伤纤维环,而纤维环通常能够保持不流动的假体髓核。DNP的植入涉及通过称为髓核切割的方法将天然髓核从纤维环中清除,并将DNP插入该环内。因此,与TDP要做的相比,脊椎盘髓核假体(DNP)通常较小并需要的手术较小。
在脊椎盘植入物的使用中,目前已知的这些试图模拟天然脊椎盘的生物力学特性的TDP和DNP存在很多问题。一些植入物设计成了提供与天然脊椎盘类似的吸震功能。然而,通常发现这些脊椎盘在脊椎盘使用20年或更多年的所需周期载荷寿命期间不能维持结构的完整性。提供脊椎的多轴线运动和转动的早期尝试包括用金属球置换脊椎盘。不如意的是,该球和端板之间的载荷高度集中,使得骨骼下沉,致使椎骨在球周围断裂。
另一问题是植入物突出,其定义为植入物不保持固定的趋势以及植入物退出其预定位置的趋势。为防止该问题,许多脊椎盘植入物的设计试图通过在植入物上提供固定部件而固定到椎骨的端板上。所述固定部件通常是一套叉或钉或其它物理突起,用于埋入椎骨中。这本身就妨碍了端板的完整性,从而使修正手术可能被限制为脊椎融合,即用于通过后椎弓根仪器制动脊椎碎片并融合椎骨。通过固定而对椎骨造成的妨碍可引起出血或端板钙化,其中任一项都可导致疼痛、丧失活动能力、坏死、或任何植入装置变坏。在使植入物与端板配合中,可能由于轮廓不匹配而引起应力集中,例如在上述植入球中会发生的。因此,必须小心进行植入物尤其是利用所述突起的植入物的定位。为了减小椎骨上的这些高度应力集中或应力点,植入物通常具有覆盖相应椎骨的顶板和底板,并且在这些板上通常可见将这些板固定到椎骨上的固定部件。这样,应力或作用力横过椎骨分布。
大多数植入物作为单元整体植入。因此,必须针对植入物的包括底板和端板在内的有效尺寸使相邻椎骨充分分离,当包括紧固突起时所述有效尺寸显著增加。这需要很大的侵入力,其使得手术复杂并导致恢复时间较长,还带来较大的术后疼痛。此外,由于必须做出大的切口,这通常会破坏纤维环(如果还保留有的话)的任何残留使用性。由于纤维环不会愈合得很好,并且由于其组织特性,缝合纤维环很困难,因此纤维环保持植入物的能力如果不被消除也会减小,从而通常不能通过纤维环防止植入物突出。
一些作为整体插入的植入物利用囊或气囊状结构。这些植入物可在塌瘪状态插入,然后一到位就膨胀。然而,这些植入物通常依靠完全弹性变形的结构。因此,这些植入物通常限于提供吸震功能,而不提供高周期载荷的运动范围或足够的支撑。
大多数脊椎盘方法需要手术位置的前外侧通路。更具体地说,脊椎盘植入物的尺寸通常约为天然脊椎盘的尺寸。需要空间来腾出脊椎盘空间并植入假体装置。由于椎骨、天然脊椎盘以及人工脊椎盘植入物的几何尺寸和结构,后侧手术方法不是通常都能有腾出脊椎盘空间和植入假体装置所需的通路。而且,对于手术位置的前外侧通路而言,必须借助普通外科医生的工作,通常是会同整形外科医生或神经外科医生,或会同二者。因此,希望一种可按多种手术通路植入的植入装置。
与TDP相比,DNP需要较小的手术。DNP仅置换脊椎盘的一部分。植入大多数具有预形成尺寸的DNP需要在用于植入的纤维环中具有5至6mm或更大的切口。一些DNP(例如,利用当场可愈合聚合体的那些)可经由皮肤进行。无论怎样,DNP植入需要最小程度的脊椎盘组织切除,并可避免为了固定而对椎骨端板的妨碍。而且,由于该方法的侵入力最小,因此恢复时间最短和术后疼痛最小,并且体间融合仍是可进行的修正手术。
这里已经发现重建脊椎的正常运动范围尤其重要。具体地说,已发现提供脊椎的屈曲/伸展、侧向弯曲及轴向转动比提供压缩弹性模量更重要。更具体地说,认为未能提供正常运动范围会具有脊椎融合术的上述有害影响。相反,认为在该区域丧失的压缩弹性会由其它天然脊椎盘承担。由于植入物需要重建或维持脊椎盘的高度,它应该能够以恰当生理方式承受大量压缩载荷,因此不会引起可能导致疼痛和植入物下沉的端板损伤。
已就人工脊椎盘进行了大量尝试,每种尝试都存在不足。一些方法和装置依靠侧面或前侧手术方法,这些方法是高侵入性和高创伤性的,并带来高手术风险。
因此,需要一种用于模拟天然脊椎盘的生物力学特性的改进的脊椎盘植入物。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,公开了一种多部件髓核植入物装置,用于置换通过髓核切除移除的髓核。该植入物可至少包括:第一壳体或板部件;第二壳体或板部件;以及支承部件,其在所述两个壳体之间提供至少一个运动方向,并优选为多轴线关节连接支承部件。该关节连接支承部件提供包括屈曲/伸展、侧向弯曲和转动在内的脊椎的自然运动。所述各板部件和关节连接支承部件大致形成为刚性。因此,所述植入物能够支撑天然脊椎盘所需的压缩和周期载荷。
在一些形式中,所述植入物还提供所述壳体和关节连接支承部件之间的相对滑动和/或移动。具体地,所述壳体和所述关节连接支承部件之间的表面能够相对彼此滑动。由于天然脊椎盘的机理即为粘性流体的机理,所以脊椎沿一个方向的弯曲沿相反方向挤压所述流体。由于作用在植入物上的弯曲作用力,该植入物的壳体以特定方式相对转动。然而,由于植入物的尺寸要求,所述壳体不必需绕固定枢转点转动。为了模拟天然髓核这样的行为并且为了通过刚性部件做到这一点,关节连接支承部件允许植入物的部件相对于彼此移位。而且,如以下所述,植入物的一些形式允许中央插入或间隔件可移离或通过从弯曲方向滑动和/或移动而更近似地模拟天然脊椎盘的行为。
本发明的一方面提供一种利用形成在所述壳体之间的凹形凹槽和拱形部件的多轴线关节连接装置。所述拱形部件和凹槽形成关节连接支承部件,从而允许所述壳体相对于彼此的多轴线运动,并且拱面和凹槽可相对于彼此滑动或移动。
在一些形式中,可对所述关节连接支承部件的多轴线转动的刚度进行控制和变化。可对所述凹槽和拱面的相应曲率半径和因此在它们之间形成的配合进行改变以产生不同的刚度。通常,若凹槽的曲率半径大于拱面的曲率半径,就产生限制较少的状态,并且刚度降低。相反,若凹槽的曲率半径小于拱面的曲率半径,就产生限制较多的状态,并且刚度增加。
对于本发明的另一方面,植入物与相邻椎骨的端板接触的外表面可设有根据端板的天然整体凹形选择的凸形。当植入物外表面的凸形与端板的凹形匹配时,力会横过端板大致均匀地分布,从而避免出现高应力点。于是植入物的结构避免了骨下沉问题,从而维持了端板的完整性。若有必要进行修正手术,这允许采用一系列理想方法进行手术。
可替换地,植入物外表面的凸形可稍微减小。端板骨略微弹性变形。所述外表面和端板之间的略微失配允许在外表面壳体的外周边和端板之间形成残余应力,这些应力用于将植入物的大致凸形外表面保持在合适位置。任何这种替换都应限制在不会发生骨下沉的程度。
在本发明的另一方面,所述植入物为大致椭圆或跑道形。天然脊椎盘和髓核为肾形,前后方向的尺寸小于横向的尺寸。因此,通过移除髓核提供的空间具有类似形状。尽管可复制或可不复制所述肾形,这里已发现植入物的性能获益于壳体具有比前后尺寸宽的横向尺寸,例如大致椭圆形、跑道形或梯形。为进一步降低在纤维环中作出的切口尺寸(这会提高纤维环防止植入物突出的能力),可通过使横向端首先引导通过纤维环中的后向切口而插入植入物的壳体。这样,可接着在髓核空间内枢转地转动这些壳体。
为便于壳体在髓核空间内的转动,本发明的一实施例包括用于夹持、插入并转动的一个或多个壳体中的柱。该柱可具有平坦部分和圆形部分,从而一工具可在第一位置夹持该柱使得该柱在插入期间不会相对于该工具转动。一旦插入后,所述工具可部分释放所述柱,使得该工具不再抵接所述平坦部分,从而该柱可在未被完全释放的情况下相对于工具转动。所述工具于是可在髓核空间内引导壳体的转动。
已发现,纤维环的分散有助于缓和疼痛并改善椎间关节的稳定性。如以上所述,植入物的壳体不必复制天然髓核的形状。在植入物的形状可能与天然髓核不匹配的情况下,植入物的外周边可接合并延展纤维环的某些部分,从而对纤维环的这些部分提供张力。此外,例如折叠波纹管形式的外隔板或鞘套可在壳体之间形成间距,并大致密封壳体之间的隔室。波纹管于是可充注有诸如气体或液体的物质,使得该波纹管或隔板展开以对纤维环内部施加压力。此外,充注的物质可略微原位扩展髓核植入物。另外的好处是波纹管防止了外界物质进入植入物装置,否则外界物质会妨碍或恶化植入物尤其是关节连接支承部件的性能。
在本发明的另一方面中,理想地是限制植入物的前后弯曲。通常,椎骨间的最大偏斜为大约15°。由于本发明植入物提供的多轴线运动特性,横向提供大约15°的运动,而前后方向可允许更大运动。于是在一些实施例中,理想地是机械防止偏斜超过15°。在一种形式中,壳体包括朝相对壳体延伸的短壁,当达到15°弯曲时所述相对壳体与该短壁物理抵接。在另一形式中,间隔件可以是从外周延伸的环状环并位于壳体之间,使得当达到15°角时壳体与该环接触。在另一形式中,壳体可设置成通过线缆固定在一起,该线缆连接壳体以防止弯曲超过15°并防止间隔件从壳体间脱出。
在一些实施例中,各壳体可设置成用于转动、滑动或移动运动,并且插入件或间隔件可位于两个壳体之间且可具有抵靠相应壳体运动的两个表面。认为多磨损表面界面连接会提高植入物关于磨损的预期寿命。在一些形式中,各壳体可具有凹形凹槽,而间隔件具有每个都面对相应壳体的两个拱面部分,并与各凹形凹槽形成关节连接支承部件。在其它形式中,间隔件可在与壳体中的凹形凹槽相接的一侧具有拱面从而提供多轴线转动、移动和滑动,而在与壳体中的凹槽的平坦表面接合的另一侧具有平坦面,从而提供线性移动或平面转动。
在所述多部件植入物的一些形式中,公开了一种多部件植入物,其中可通过纤维环中的切口顺序插入这些部件,以在脊椎盘髓核空间内进行组装。这样,切口不必为待插入的整个植入物提供空间,从而使该过程的侵入最小化,这又缩短了术后恢复并减少疼痛。此外,通过分部分插入植入物使需要发生在相邻椎骨间的任何脱位最小化。由于切口不允许整个植入物插入,因此可利用纤维环的残余完整性。具体地说,可利用纤维环将植入物保持在纤维环和髓核空间内的适当位置。因此,不必提供将植入物固定到相邻椎骨的端板上从而防止植入物从椎骨间脱出的突起。
在所述多部件植入物的类似形式中,各壳体可包括凹形凹槽和双拱面间隔件。通过为每一凹槽提供拱面,如所述那样降低了它们之间的表面上的磨损。将所述部件按任意次序顺序通过纤维环的切口插入,不过优选首先插入壳体以防损伤端板。壳体可在它们相应的凹形凹槽侧包括对齐斜坡或类似结构以允许间隔件插入其间。此外,可插入部件,然后可使其中的一个或多个转动或移动,使得防止间隔件通过纤维环中的切口退出,和/或防止其进一步扩展植入物。该实施例于是提供了多轴线运动,并允许壳体均相对于间隔件滑动和/或移动,并且间隔件可远离弯曲方向滑动或移动。应当指出的是,由纤维环中的切口提供的最大间隙需要由所述三个部件中的最大者规定。
所述多部件植入物的另一形式包括:如上所述具有凹形凹槽的壳体;具有朝其中心隆起的台阶或斜坡的壳体;以及一侧为阶形或斜坡形而另一侧为拱形的间隔件。这里,壳体可通过纤维环中的切口插入,使得壳体的阶形部分面对所述切口。间隔件于是可挤压在壳体之间,使得阶形间隔件爬上(cam up)阶形壳体的台阶,直至拱面接收在另一壳体的凹形凹槽内。壳体的阶形部分可包括侧壁,以基本引导阶形间隔件的路径。侧壁可定位成使得间隔件可沿台阶滑动或移动较短距离,同时还防止过移动。壳体的台阶优选从壳体的横向侧延伸。在一种形式中,阶形壳体在扩展后转动,而在另一种形式中,可转动阶形壳体,然后使植入物扩展。
在本发明的另一方面,公开了一种多部件植入物装置,其中通过纤维环中的切口将整个植入物插入。该植入物以压缩或塌瘪状态作为单元插入,然后在植入后扩展。仅需对于未扩展的植入物尺寸设置纤维环中的切口尺寸。如所述的,可通过首先引导具有较短横向尺寸的一端中插入植入物,然后一旦植入物的尾部插入切口中就可转动该植入物。可替换地,可在通过切口整个插入植入物之前开始进行转动,使得当植入物被推动通过切口时发生转动。因此,仅需对于被压缩的植入物的插入设置切口,使得该过程的侵入最小化,术后恢复和疼痛最小化,相邻椎骨的脱位最小化,纤维环会有助于将植入物保持在适当位置,并且不需要固定植入物的突起。
在该方面的实施例中,提供了一种具有螺旋阶形间隔件的植入物,该间隔件可在塌瘪状态被插入然后扩展。所述阶形间隔件允许植入物逐步扩展到期望的垂直高度。至少一个壳体具有接收间隔件的拱面的凹形凹槽。间隔件具有两个相对的部件,其中一个与第二壳体成一体或可具有接收在该第二壳体的凹形凹槽中的拱面。所述相对的间隔件部件具有螺旋定位的台阶,并且该间隔件和/或植入物可在压缩或塌瘪状态(或布置)下插入髓核空间内或在其内组装。一旦植入后,可使间隔件的相对部件相对于彼此转动,使得台阶逐步向上,从而将间隔件扩展成扩展布置。如上所述,为植入物的多轴线运动、移动和弓形滑动设置各拱面和凹槽。
在另一实施例中,间隔件可设有绕纵向轴线转动并连接到一个或多个不转动的楔件上的部件。转动该转动部件从而将任何楔件从第一压缩状态拉动或推动到第二扩展布置。楔件被挤压在间隔件的两个部分之间以扩展间隔件,并因此扩展植入物。间隔件的至少一部分具有接收在壳体的凹形凹槽内的拱面。
在另一实施例中,所述间隔件可包括凸轮形表面,其抵靠其中一个壳体或间隔件的另一部分的配合凸轮形表面成凸轮形。这些凸轮形表面可相对于彼此转动,因而使这些部分成凸轮形扩展,从而使植入物扩展。而且,间隔件的至少一部分具有接收在壳体的凹形凹槽内的拱面。
在本发明的另一方面中,所述间隔件可形成内空腔或罐体。在一个实施例中,所述空腔可由间隔件和与一个壳体成一体的部分形成,使得间隔件和壳体相对于彼此扩展,从而使植入物扩展。在另一实施例中,所述空腔可由相对于彼此扩展的间隔件的两部分形成,从而使植入物扩展。在另一实施例中,所述空腔可由间隔件的两个端件和柱状壁形成,使得这些端件沿该柱状壁扩展以使植入物扩展。在任何这些实施例中,间隔件可包括用于接收充注的物质的内气囊,使得充注的物质被俘获在该空腔内。可替换地,可将充注的物质挤压进空腔内,使得空腔的部分密封。可使用可固化的物质,从而使扩展后的间隔件刚硬。可替换地,间隔件可填充有弹性或可流动的物质,从而提供一些吸震性。
本发明的各种形式都可以以前向、前侧面、或后向手术方法植入。各植入物部件或塌瘪植入物的尺寸可以为使得均可仅通过纤维环中的小切口就能插入。而且,脊椎结构允许待插入的部件或塌瘪植入物通过脊椎的后侧插入。手术部位的后通路降低了过程的侵入,并通常可由单独整形外科医生或神经外科医生执行,而不需要普通医生,从而显著降低了该过程的成本和复杂性。
为引导植入物的植入和转动,本发明的一实施例包括位于植入物的多个部分上的、用于被插入工具夹持和操纵的结构。所述植入物结构可包括用于被插入工具夹持的凹槽和/或柱。插入工具可以预定插入方位夹持植入物,使得基本避免植入物相对于插入工具的转动。可在植入过程中对插入工具的夹持进行调节,从而可通过插入工具使植入物在髓核空间内转动到植入位置。该过程可包括通过较小尺寸定位以经过纤维环中的切口来插入植入物,而所述植入位置可包括将较大尺寸定位成至少部分沿纤维环中的切口延伸(例如以倾斜角度),从而使植入物通过较小切口退出的可能性最小化。因此,植入物难以独立移出纤维环,这是由于在这种方位中,植入物的退出需要转动力来使较小尺寸与切口对齐。即,在没有转动作用的情况下,有意使植入物的较大尺寸过大而不适合通过切口。一旦植入后,插入工具可从植入物释放,从而拔出该插入工具。
在另一实施例中,所述植入物可设有用于以特定方位固定植入物部件从而作为单元植入的结构。植入物可构造成楔件,从而提供使植入物易于插入并通过纤维环的插入构造。例如,第一植入件可设有凹槽,而第二植入件可设有接收在该凹槽内的突起,使得该凹槽和突起可释放地相互连接。当这样连接时,植入物具有插入构造,并且该插入构造可包括使插入端或引导端小于尾端。关于这一点,第一和第二植入件定位成形成楔形或形成一角度,从而便于插入并通过纤维环,并插在椎骨之间而位于髓核空间内。
一旦植入后就可释放所述提供插入构造的连接,并且纤维环和/或椎骨的约束与插入力相结合可以以转轴(fulcrum)方式作用在第一和第二植入件上,以使植入件枢转,从而释放所述连接。因此,所述提供用于插入的楔形的定向可以是可包括在所述连接结构之间的干涉配合的可释放连接。该干涉配合可形成在引导端上,并沿植入物部件的枢转端在插入构造和可手术构造之间朝向彼此及远离彼此变位时移动的方向相配合。
所述可释放连接可以为搭扣配合连接,其具有接收在凹槽内的突起从而在插入期间将部件保持在预定的大致相对方位,直至由椎骨作用的阻碍植入物部件的插入力迫使该突起和凹槽释放。这样,尤其通过释放所述搭扣配合连接,植入物就可从插入构造变位到可手术构造,
在一种形式中,所述可释放连接可例如为燕尾(dove-tail)接头,从而使突起为接收在具有互补几何形状的凹槽内的燕尾。所述燕尾接头可通过将燕尾形突起咬和进凹槽内而形成,从而形成搭扣配合,并且还可通过使燕尾形突起通过在凹槽一端处的开口滑入该凹槽内而形成,从而该燕尾形突起具有与凹槽的干涉配合,并通过跳出该凹槽而被释放。
在另一形式中,第一和第二植入物部件可在引导端处设有形成止动件的结构,使得与植入物部件的外表面接触的椎骨以转轴形式起作用,从而释放该止动件,以将植入物部件从插入构造变位到可手术构造。该止动件可通过从第一植入物部件的接收在第二植入物部件上的钩或倒钩内的突起形成。
在另一形式中,所述突起可为接收在从植入物部件的平面倾斜的开口内的舌,该舌和开口基本上这样形成对接接头。到达插入力的阈值时,该舌滑动并从开口释放,从而将植入物部件从插入构造变位到可手术构造。
由于可提供多种尺寸和形状的植入物,有利的是对植入部位、髓核空腔进行检测,以对植入物的几何形状和大小进行正确选择。为了促进这一点,可设置用于可移除的插入的多个试验定距件,使得一个或多个试验定距件可顺序插入及移除,直至确定出合适的装配。这些试验定距件的形状可形成为与可手术构造中的植入物形状相似,并可形成为便于插入并穿过纤维环的形状。
为了插入并移除用于估计髓核空腔的试验定距件,可提供一种试验定距器。该试验定距器可将试验定距件固定于其上,使得试验定距件在插入期间基本处于固定方位,同时还调整对试验定距件的固定,使得试验定距件在髓核空腔内以与植入物相同的方式转动。该试验定距器可为可调节的,并设有:可固定部件(例如,螺钉状部件),用于调节试验定距件在其上的固定;以及用于固定该位置的捏手。可替换地,该试验定距器可包括用于试验定距件的固定的多个预定位置。
附图说明
在附图中,图1是本发明实施例的植入物的壳体的第一立体图;
图2是图1的壳体的第二立体图;
图3是包括拱面的壳体的第一立体图;
图4是图3的壳体的第二立体图;
图5是图3的壳体的侧视图;
图6是本发明实施例的植入物的立体图;
图7带有的间隔件呈幻象示出的植入物的顶视图;
图8是图7的植入物的侧视图;
图9是图7的植入物的剖面图;
图10是壳体和处于锁合位置的插入工具的顶视图;
图11是壳体和处于中间位置的图10的插入工具的顶视图;
图12是壳体和处于解锁位置的图10的插入工具的顶视图;
图13是图10的插入工具的立体图;
图14是包括隔板的植入物的立体图;
图15是图14的植入物的侧视剖面图;
图16是带有壁的植入物的剖面图,这些壁限制壳体沿前后方向或侧向运动并防止间隔件脱出;
图17是图17的植入物的立体图;
图18是带有间隔件的植入物的剖面图,该间隔件具有用于限制壳体沿前后方向运动的外周结构;
图19是图18的植入物的立体图;
图20是一植入物的立体图,其具有用于限制壳体运动的线缆的通道;
图21是图20的植入物的顶视图;
图22是图20的植入物的侧视图;
图23是植入物和部分幻象示出的间隔件的立体图;
图24是图23的植入物的剖面图;
图25是部分幻象示出的图23的植入物的顶视图;
图26是具有螺旋插入件的植入物的立体图;
图27是图26的螺旋插入件的立体图;
图28是具有用于引导楔件的转动部件的植入物的立体图;
图29是图28的植入物的剖面图;
图30是部分幻象示出的图28的植入物的顶视图;
图31是具有凸轮形间隔件的植入物的局部幻象示出的立体图;
图32是图31的植入物的剖面图;
图33是具有可扩展的罐体的第一植入物的剖面图;
图34是具有可扩展的罐体的第二植入物的剖面图;
图35是根据本发明的人工脊椎盘装置的侧视图,示出在插入构造中可释放连接的上部件和下部件;
图36是与图36类似的侧视图,只不过解除了部件之间的连接,且所述部件处于可手术构造;
图37是与图35对应的局部剖面图,示出在插入构造中连接的部件以及用于植入人工脊椎盘装置的插入工具;
图38是与图37对应的局部剖面图,示出插入工具的夹持部件,其相对于夹柄延伸并夹持人工脊椎盘装置,用于植入;
图39是与图38对应的局部剖面图,示出固定到人工脊椎盘装置上用于植入的插入工具,且夹持部件推进以保持下部件;
图40是通过图39中的线40-40剖取的局部剖面图,示出上部件固定在叉形夹头中的夹持柱;
图41是图35和图36的人工脊椎盘装置的下部件的顶视图,示出大致跑道形的外周构造以及在该下部件的引导边缘处的凹槽;
图42是下部件的侧视图,示出它的拱形支承部分;
图43是下部件的局部底视图,示出壁部和在插入期间面对插入工具的壁;
图44是固定到处于插入方位中的下部件上的插入工具的夹持部件的底视图;
图45是与图44对应的夹持部件和下部件的底视图,示出为定位在纤维环中而相对于夹持部件转动的下部件;
图46是图35和图36的人工脊椎盘装置的上部件的顶视图,示出大致跑道形的外周构造以及在该上部件的引导端处的突起;
图47是上部件的侧视图,示出弓形凹槽和用于在植入期间和插入工具一起固定的夹持柱;
图48是上部件的侧视图,示出该上部件尾端的突起的燕尾形构造;
图49是固定到插入工具上、处于插入构造的人工脊椎盘装置以及包括在其内做出切口的脊椎盘纤维环的脊椎部分的视图;
图50是图49的脊椎部分的局部剖面图,示出正插入通过纤维环的、处于插入构造的人工脊椎盘装置;
图51是与图50对应的局部剖面图,示出在髓核空间内的处于可手术构造的释放了的部件;
图52是沿图51中的线52-52剖取的剖面图,示出从插入方位转动到植入方位的人工脊椎盘装置;
图53是根据本发明的插入工具的侧视图;
图54是图53的插入工具的分解立体图,示出用于将插入工具固定到人工脊椎盘装置上的夹持部件;
图55是替换人工脊椎盘装置的剖面图,示出与所述上部件和下部件不同的拱形部件;
图56是替换人工脊椎盘装置的剖面图,其具有在上部件和下部件之间的可替换连接;
图57至图60是表示下部件(图57和图58)和上部件(图59和图60)的相应端部的用于在它们之间形成可释放连接的可替换结构的平面图和前视图;
图61是根据本发明的试验定距器的侧剖面图,在其远端保持有试验定距件;
图62是图61的试验定距器的分解立体图;
图63是图61的试验定距件的立体图;
图64是图63的试验定距件的侧视图;
图65是具有替换调节机构的替换试验定距器的侧视图;
图66是图64的试验定距器的分解立体图;
图67是表示根据本发明准备将人工脊椎盘装置植入脊椎内的方法的流程图;
图68是表示根据本发明将人工脊椎盘装置植入脊椎内的方法的流程图;
图69是具有可手术的脊椎前凸角的人工脊椎盘装置的尾端的侧视图;
图70是图61的人工脊椎盘装置的插入端的侧视图,示出了可手术的脊椎前凸角;以及
图71是图69的人工脊椎盘装置的分解图,示出上部件和下部件。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图描述植入装置10的一个实施例,该植入装置包括顶壳12和底壳14。当用在这里时,术语顶壳和底壳仅指描述时壳体的布置,且该布置可相反。植入物10是人工髓核植入物,用于置换受损的天然脊椎盘的髓核。通过称为髓核切除术的方法将所述天然脊椎盘的髓核基本清除,在髓核切除术中在围绕髓核的纤维环中做出切口,由此将髓核基本移除。通常有少量粘性髓核物质残留在脊椎盘空间内,该物质可用于提供一界面,用于减少由于植入物10和相邻椎骨的端板之间的不一致而可能存在的应力点。
将植入物10的一个实施例通过纤维环中的所述切口插入,使得该纤维环仍然连接到相邻椎骨上并将植入物10保持在髓核空间内的椎间位置。为了这样利用纤维环,可将植入物10分部件或分部分插入,或者可将其以压缩或未扩展状态(或布置)插入。一旦到位或一旦植入,可将植入物10如以下所述组装、扩展,或二者兼用。因此,纤维环中的切口小于普通髓核植入物所需,从而使手术的侵入性最小。由于通过纤维环插入后植入物10的尺寸或布置发生改变,因此扩展或组装后的植入物10不会从该纤维环脱出。通过利用纤维环防止植入物突出或脱出,取消了会穿透、磨损端板表面或另外妨碍其完整性的突起或其它固定件。通过保留纤维环,椎骨部分具有更大的稳定性,并可更接近恢复正常运动,而且没有移除或过度损伤纤维环而使手术部位留下的疤痕最小化。
各壳体12、14具有用于与相邻椎骨(未示出)尤其是椎骨端板接合并配合的外表面20。各壳体12、14的外表面20优选为光滑以避免干扰端板表面。相邻椎骨的端板具有天然形成的凹面,这些凹面与壳体12、14的外表面20配合。植入物10上方椎骨的凹形与植入物10下方椎骨的凹形略有不同。优选地,各壳体12、14的外表面20的轮廓形成有与其相应的相邻椎骨的凹形对应的凸形18(参见例如图26、图33、图34)。在一个实施例中,各壳体12、14的外表面20的凸形18的曲率半径与相邻椎骨的凹形的曲率半径相匹配。在另一实施例中,各壳体12、14的外表面20的凸形18的曲率半径略小于相邻椎骨的凹形的曲率半径。由于端板骨略微弹性变性,因此壳体12、14的外表面20和相应椎骨之间界面的微小失配产生微小残余应力,从而用于阻止壳体12、14相对于椎骨的运动。作为再一种替换,各壳体12、14的外表面20的凸形18的曲率半径可略大于相邻椎骨的凹形的曲率半径。同样,由于所述骨略微弹性变性,所述外表面的轻微过凸有助于确保作用在植入物和相邻椎骨上的压缩力更均匀的分布。任何这种失配都不应使得发生如上所述的骨下沉。
优选地,各壳体12、14具有椭圆或跑道形外周形状26,其横向尺寸D1大于纵向或前后尺寸D2。可替换地,各壳体12、14可具有梯形、圆形或肾形形状(参见,例如图31-32)。此外,外周形状26可为圆形或成圆角。为使植入物10受到的压缩力横过端板最均匀地分布,壳体12、14的大小和形状26优选尽可能多地覆盖髓核空间内的端板。此外,壳体12、14的外周26优选张紧放置并与供它们植入其中的纤维环的内表面的至少一部分接触,如以下所述。
各植入物10设有至少一个多轴线关节连接支承部件30,其在形成于顶壳12中的凹形凹槽40与拱面50之间形成。拱面50和凹槽40与拱面50配合的表面以及这里所述的其它滑动表面优选为光滑,从而进行低摩擦接合。如图1至图5所示,凹槽40形成于对着底壳14的面42中(图2),而拱面50形成于底壳14的对着顶壳12的面52上(图4)。可替换地,如图6所示,植入物10可设有一对多轴线关节连接支承部件30,其中间隔件或植入物60设有相对面62、64,各面均包括拱面50,用于接收在各面对的壳体12、14的凹形凹槽40中。作为再一种替换,图7至图9示出具有相对面72、74的间隔件70,其中面72包括拱面50,而面74包括平坦面76。对于间隔件70,拱面50接收在凹槽40内,而平坦面76接收在底壳14中的具有平坦表面的凹槽78(形状与平坦面76类似但稍大)中,使得平坦面76可在凹槽78中滑动或移动。与单个磨损面相比,两个磨损表面会降低所经受的整体磨损,因此优选为具有两个这种表面。应指出的是,间隔件60的提供两个磨损面的相对侧的曲率半径不必相同。
拱面50和凹槽40之间的各关节连接支承部件30提供凹形凹槽40相对于拱面50的多轴线运动。特别地,轴承部件30允许凹槽40相对于拱面50做屈曲/伸展、侧向弯曲及旋转运动。此外,间隔件60与壳体12、14之间的配合面均提供相对滑动或移动,如以下所述。可改变或控制关节连接支承部件30的刚度。具体地说,凹形凹槽40和拱面50均具有相应的曲率半径。当凹槽40的曲率半径大于拱面50的曲率半径时,所述刚度降低。当凹槽40的曲率半径小于拱面50的曲率半径时,所述刚度提高。
为更近似地模拟天然脊椎盘髓核的行为,壳体12、14以及任何间隔件(例如但不限于间隔件60、70)可相对于彼此滑动或移动。凹槽40和拱面50可相对于彼此枢转或旋转,也可沿它们的配合面滑动。例如,对于平坦面76和凹槽78中的平坦表面来说,所述滑动为平动。天然脊椎盘包括为粘性流体的髓核,且该流体远离髓核的弯曲或压缩方向运动。植入物10的壳体12、14跟随椎骨的运动而运动。然而,间隔件60不能像天然脊椎盘那样沿与弯曲相反的方向扩展和沿弯曲方向压缩。通过允许间隔件60相对于壳体12、14滑动或移动,间隔件60可远离弯曲方向移动,从而更准确地模拟天然髓核的压缩。此外,由于植入物12的高度小,因此顶壳12相对于底壳14的枢转点在底壳14下方。因此,顶壳12的凹槽40优选可横过拱面50移动,使得所述枢转点与顶壳12一起运动。
类似地,对于任何椎骨一脊椎盘一椎骨片断,转动中心在屈曲/伸展动作过程中略微变化。为防止这点,在前后方向上,凹槽40的曲率半径可大于拱面50的曲率半径。因此,拱面50可以以允许转动中心移动的方式相对于凹槽40滑动。
如上所述,可将植入物10分部件插入,具体为相继或顺次插入。如图1至图5所示,植入物10具有两个主要部件,即顶壳12和底壳14,其中顶壳12具有用于接收底壳14的拱面50的凹形凹槽40。如图6所示,植入物10具有三个主要部件,即顶壳12、底壳14及间隔件60,其中壳体12、14具有凹形凹槽40,用于接收该间隔件60的相对面62、64的拱面50。在图1至图6的各图中,壳体12、14中的至少一个包括在各凹槽40附近的斜坡90。斜坡90可成形为弓形外形,拱面50抵靠该外形成凸轮形。不管壳体12、14或间隔件60通过纤维环中的切口插入的顺序如何,斜坡90使得能够这样将所述部件挤压在一起,即:在插入期间以凸轮动作对着对齐斜坡90并在其上推动任何拱面50,使得拱面50抵靠对齐斜坡90成凸轮形。这样,纤维环中做出的切口的尺寸可最小化,其只不过为将要插入的最大部件所需的尺寸,并且可利用纤维环将植入物10保持在髓核空间内。
为了进一步减小在纤维环中做出的切口尺寸,壳体12、14的前后尺寸D2小于横向尺寸D1,可通过最先引导短的横向端16通过纤维环中的后侧切口而将壳体12、14插入。纤维环中切口必需提供的最大间隙仅需为所述三个部件中最大部件所需的。换言之,所述切口形成可变形的孔或有界环,植入物10的各组件或部件具有要求切口必须允许它们通过的最小环绕。该工具的一部分可包括用于在纤维环中切割出精密切口(大小正好够插入植入物)的装置。仅需要切口大小足够用于各个部件的最小环绕的最大者。一旦植入后,壳体12、14和/或诸如间隔件60的任何间隔件可在髓核空间内转动,使得短尺寸D2不再与纤维环的切口对齐。
壳体12、14及植入物10在插入期间或在髓核空间内组装后通常可通过插入工具110转动(参见图1至图6,以及图10至图13)。壳体12、14可包括柱100,其包括大致圆形的外表面102和形成在外表面102上的至少一个平坦面104。如图10至图13所示,所述工具具有若干位置,并具有上静止卡爪112和可沿该工具110的纵向轴线往复运动的下卡爪114。参照图10,工具110的下卡爪114抵接或面对平坦面104,使得柱100固定在卡爪112、114中,从而工具110和柱100处于锁合位置,用于壳体12、14的插入。如在图11中可见的,下卡爪114处于中间位置,使得该下卡爪114远离柱100拉开一较短距离,从而该下卡爪114不抵接或面对平坦面104。在该中间位置,柱100保持俘获在卡爪112、114中。然而,柱100可在卡爪112、114内相对转动,从而壳体12、14在插入纤维环过程中或插入后可转动。图12进一步示出释放位置,其中下卡爪114远离柱100拉开,使得工具110可从柱100移开并且可将工具110从植入位置拔出。如可看到的,柱100沿远离与其连接的壳体12、14的方向扩展。卡爪112、114均分别具有相对的壁115、116。使壁115、116按照卡爪112、114的轮廓成形,同时在壁115、116之间设置凹槽117、118。这样,卡爪112、114可按所述方式同时围绕并操纵一对壳体12、14上的一对柱100。卡爪114的壁116之间的凹槽118具有开口的终端119,从而下卡爪114可沿直线沿柱100的边缘经过,从而在锁合位置、中间位置或解锁位置间往复运动。
如以上所述,植入物10的壳体12、14不必须复制天然髓核的形状,使得植入物10的外周26可抵接且延展纤维环的部分,从而为纤维环的这些部分提供张力。已发现,纤维环上的张力会缓解疼痛并改善椎间关节的稳定性。如图14至图15所示,将例如折叠波纹管120形式的外隔板固定到壳体12、14上。波纹管120可在壳体12、14之间形成密封并关于它们延伸,使得植入物10可充注有某一物质。该物质可是气体、液体或其它可流动物质,使得波纹管120展开以对纤维环内部施加压力。该波纹管优选填注有盐水或其它不可固化的(non-curable)物质。此外,注入的物质可使植入物10略微扩展,从而提供一些吸震性和在需要时提供附加的脱位。而且,波纹管120防止外来物质进入植入物10,否则外来物质会阻碍或恶化关节连接支承部件30的性能。在一些实施例中,所述物质可以是水凝胶颗粒,而波纹管120可包括允许吸收液体的可渗透部分或可半渗透部分。通过使用颗粒,所述物质可在任何支承件30关节连接在壳体12、14之间时在植入物10内运动。通过膨胀或扩展波纹管120或类似结构,可将压力径向作用在纤维环上以使纤维环张紧。
波纹管120可通过若干方法连接到壳体12、14上。例如,可利用热结合、粘附结合、或者压缩密封件使波纹管牢固永久地结合到壳体12、14上。当波纹管120被压缩时,一部分会向外偏转。因此,优选波纹管120在向后方向上的柔顺性低于向前方向和侧向上的柔顺性,这样当波纹管120向外偏转时,使沿脊髓方向的偏转度最小化。术语柔顺性在用于本文时是指材料延展的能力。波纹管120可设有入口122,可将导管或针连接到该入口上以供灌注波纹管120,且入口122包括一密封机构。
如前所述,天然脊椎盘中椎骨间的最大偏转角为大约15°。壳体12、14的扩展侧向尺寸D1将侧向弯曲限制在15°。然而,可能有必要限制植入物10的前后弯曲。如在图16至17中可见的,壳体12、14包括彼此相对并朝彼此延伸的短壁130,使得当达到15°弯曲时,壁130相抵接。可替换地,如在图18至19中可见的,间隔件140可包括自其外周并在壳体12、14之间延伸的环状环142,使得当达到15°角时顶壳12和底壳14的面42、52接触环142。环142可由软于壳体12、14的材料制成以使磨损最小化,并且其可弹性压缩。短壁130和环142的尺寸可定为需要时将壳体12、14的运动规定或限制到一角度,例如15°或其它角度。
在图20至图22所示的替换实施例中,各壳体12、14均包括两对端口150,各端口150均与相对壳体12、14的端口150大致对齐,并且各对端口均包括在壳体12、14的外表面20中开出的通道152,以连接该对端口。可使线缆或线缆段(未示出)通过端口150并通过这样自壳的外表面20开出的通道152,使得该线缆形成封闭环。这样,壳体12、14与弯曲方向相反的侧仅可分开至由所述线缆长度规定的程度。对线缆的长度规定为使得壳体12、14间的分开程度沿前后方向不超过15°,或任何其它角度。此外,所述线缆布置防止壳体12、14彼此分离并阻挡壳体12、14之间的空间,使得它们之间的间隔件60不会变松并且不会从壳体12、14之间脱出。
现在参照图23至图25,示出了具有顶壳12和底壳14以及阶形间隔件160的植入物10。底壳14包括倾斜的阶形斜坡162,该斜坡优选具有沿前后方向对齐的台阶164以及台阶164侧面上的侧壁166。台阶164朝壳体14的中央隆起,间隔件160的相反侧上的拱面50与凹槽40接触并接收在其内。壳体12、14可在阶形斜坡162与纤维环中的切口对齐的情况下插入髓核空间内。在一种形式中,间隔件160的拱面50可抵靠顶壳12成凸轮形,同时被挤压在壳体12、14之间并被挤压进髓核空间内。可将阶形间隔件160挤压在壳体12、14之间,使得该阶形间隔件160对着台阶164凸起并攀上台阶164。侧壁166定位成间隔件160可沿所述台阶沿前后方向滑动或移动较短距离,同时还防止过度移动。一旦插入阶形间隔件160就可转动阶形壳体14使得斜坡162不再与纤维环的切口对齐。为防止一旦植入后间隔件160重新定位到阶形斜坡162的下部,可设置止动件(未示出),或者可将台阶164倾斜成使得各台阶164均朝其内侧边缘向下形成角度,并且台阶164与阶形间隔件160的底面互锁,如图所示。可替换地,可将带有阶形斜坡162的底壳14插入,然后在拱面50接收在凹形凹槽40内的情况下将间隔件160和顶壳12一起插入。因此,间隔件160和顶壳12被挤压进髓核空腔内,使得间隔件160攀上底壳14的台阶164。作为另一替换,可在将间隔件160定位在下台阶164处的情况下将顶壳12和底壳14以及阶形间隔件160一起插入,这样植入物在插入髓核空腔内期间具有减小的尺寸或厚度。
参照图26和图27,示出了在塌瘪或压缩状态(或布置)下插入而后膨胀的植入物10,其具有顶壳12和底壳14以及螺旋阶形间隔件170。壳体12、14(但是优选为壳体12、14中的一个)具有凹形凹槽40,形成在间隔件170上的拱面50接收在该凹槽内。间隔件170具有两个相对的阶形螺旋壁部172。在一些形式中,其中一个螺旋壁部172与壳体12、14中的一个成一体,而在其它形式中两个螺旋壁部172都包括被相应的匹配壳体12、14中的凹形凹槽40接收的拱面50。螺旋壁部172具有相对的螺旋布置的台阶174。在螺旋壁部172完全相互啮合的情况下使植入物10在压缩布置中插入髓核内或在髓核内组装。一旦插入后就可使螺旋壁部172相对彼此转动,使得螺旋壁部172的相对台阶174彼此抵靠攀升,从而将植入物10扩展为扩展布置。植入物10可构造成防止螺旋壁部172不期望地复位。与具有阶形斜坡162的上述植入物10类似,螺旋壁部172的台阶174沿扩展转动方向向前倾斜,以防止或阻止复位,或者可设置止动件(未示出)。作为另一替换,植入物10可设置有压缩件和/或扭转弹簧(未示出),这样一旦植入后就可使螺旋壁部172自动强制打开并转动到扩展配置,螺旋壁部172于是可将壳体12、14保持在扩展布置中。
作为另一替换,图28至图30表示具有顶壳12和底壳14以及间隔件180的植入物10,该间隔件包括转动件182,其绕纵向轴线转动并与一对对置楔件184以及一对半球形件186相连。各半球形件186均包括接收在相应壳体12、14中的凹槽40内的拱面50。转动件182旋紧在楔件184内。沿特定方向转动转动件182,迫使楔件184从楔件184被分离的压缩布置到达楔件184共同相靠近或相互抵接的扩展布置。处于压缩布置的楔件184相对于半球形件186之间的空间186大致横向布置。转动转动件182使楔件184相靠拢,从而将楔件184拉入空间186内的一位置。在此期间,楔面188抵接半球形件186,从而迫使半球形件186相互远离并迫使植入物到达扩展布置。可在压缩布置中插入植入物10,接着如所述那样扩展。作为替换例,可在转动件转动固定(未示出)到壳体或半球形件的情况下利用单个楔件,或者与所述的被向内挤压相反,所述楔件可通过被彼此远离地向外挤压而扩展植入物。转动件182的用于实施其转动的端部优选定位成在其转动期间面对所述切口。
现在参照图31和图32,示出了具有凸轮件200形式的间隔件的植入物10,凸轮件200具有凸轮面202,使得可以以压缩布置插入植入物10,接着可转动凸轮面202以扩展植入物10。凸轮件200包括凸轮形拱204,其具有接收在顶壳12中的凹槽40内的拱面50。凸轮形拱204优选具有三个或更多与底壳14的对置凸轮面202配合的凸轮面202。在压缩或未扩展布置中,凸轮拱204和底壳14的凸轮面202完全互锁和相互啮合。可使凸轮拱204相对于底壳14转动,使得配合的凸轮面202彼此抵靠成凸轮形,从而迫使凸轮拱204上升,并将植入物10从压缩布置扩展到扩展布置。在底壳14的凸轮面202的最高点206处存在隆起或其它止动件,可超出该隆起或其它止动件设置凸轮面202从而防止凸轮拱204复位到较低高度。可替换地,可在一对凸轮拱204之间设置凸轮面202,使得凸轮拱204可相对于彼此转动以扩展植入物10。
在可扩展植入物的替换实施例中,图33和图34示出具有顶壳12和底壳14以及一可扩展罐的植入物10。在图33中,罐220具有顶盖222、底盖224以及侧壁226。顶盖222和底盖224均具有与相应壳体12、14上的凹槽40配合的拱面50。植入物10以压缩或未扩展布置插入髓核空间内,壳体12、14具有环形凹槽230,用于在植入物10处于压缩布置时接收侧壁226。侧壁226包括入口232,使得可通过将可流动物质注入罐220而使该罐220扩展,从而使植入物10扩展到扩展布置。侧壁226在其顶部边缘和底部边缘具有向内延伸的唇234,当罐220完全扩展时它们与各盖222、224上的向外延伸的唇236发生干涉。参照图34,示出了替换罐240,其中底盖224与侧壁226成一体。罐220可优选填有可固化的物质,使得该物质不会从扩展的罐220泄漏。在这些实施例中,盖222、224应与侧壁226形成充分密封,从而使所述物质保留在罐220、240内。作为替换,其中一个盖222、224可与其中一个壳体12、14成一体。
可替换地,罐220可充有流体,或可充有弹性物质,使得罐220、240提供某种程度的吸震性。作为另一替换,可使用气囊250代替罐220、240。如果仅使用气囊,当将植入物10插入髓核空间时可将放气后的气囊预定位在壳体12、14内,或者可在植入壳体后将放气后的气囊插入。为了充注气囊250,应当具有与侧壁226的入口232对齐的端口或入口,用于接收从例如导管注入的物质。当所述导管例如在充注植入物后被移除时,应将气囊或罐密封。因此,优选在灌注装置和气囊或导管之间设置自密封阀或无阀连接。可替换地,注入的物质可密封气囊或罐,例如当该物质可固化时。当气囊和侧壁226一起使用时,侧壁226起限制或降低气囊的侧向变形的作用,从而使植入物10的高度得以维持。
如果在不被包围在另一结构并大致制动并充有不可固化物质的情况下使用气囊250,则可使用不具有柔顺性或柔顺性极小的气囊,以在生理加载期间维持刚性。所述气囊可充有例如盐水、硅油或PEG(聚乙二醇)溶液。若气囊充有可固化物质,则该气囊可由柔顺性和非柔顺性材料形成。合适的可固化材料包括但不限于例如PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、磷酸钙、聚氨酯、和硅树脂。
在可扩展植入物的一些形式中,提供了控制扩展程度的能力。例如,螺旋阶式间隔件170的壁部172可转动到期望高度,或者可通过控制注入物质的量控制罐220的扩展。可监测和控制植入物10的高度或扩展以及作用在椎骨上的脱位力。然而,优选从临床角度将植入物10扩展到预定脱位力,因而相对于作用在椎骨端板上的接触压力进行扩展。
这里所述的每一多轴线支承件30均具有与类似形状的凹槽配合的外轮廓。尽管拱面的外轮廓可为部分球形、半球形、或类似结构,然而应指出的是诸如长方形或抛物线形的其它形状可能会提供更多功能。可利用拱面的替换形状为多轴线支承件30提供不同运动范围。如所示的,间隔件具有一个或两个弓形拱面,如果拱面的曲率半径形成完整球形,则对于用在椎间空间中来说会过大。可替换地,可将间隔件设置成刚性球或半刚性弓形球。
有利地是,拱面一凹槽支承件30在壳体和间隔件之间形成一界面,其为壳体植入时的相对定位提供更大的自由度。具体地说,如上所述,壳体可定位成适于各种椎间盘层级的角度。例如,在不同层级,例如在L5/S1层级,椎骨定位成在脊柱中维持前凸形的角度。对于壳体相对支承件部分的自由转动而言,壳体可根据脊柱的天然曲率进行角度调节,而不会在椎骨的端板上产生不均匀的应力分布。
用于壳体12、14以及诸如间隔件60的任何间隔件的材料可选择为提供某些特性。植入物的部件可用聚亚胺酯覆盖以降低在植入期间对周围组织的损伤,并在就位后这些部件与周围组织之间的微小运动期间降低磨蚀。可选择提供滑动面间的期望磨损特性的材料,并可选择提供半透射线性的材料。无论怎样,用于壳体12、14以及关节连接支承部件30的任何部件的材料都是大致刚性的,从而使植入物10能够支撑该植入物10所承受的周期压缩载荷(如天然脊椎盘会承受的那样)。所述材料的一些示例为金属、陶瓷、塑料、复合材料以及弹性体。所述金属可包括医用等级的不锈钢、钴铬合金、液体金属、钛、以及钛合金。所述陶瓷可包括氧化铝和氧化锆。所述塑料可包括聚乙烯、聚丙稀、热解碳、PEEKTM、以及BioPEEKTM。所述复合物可包括碳纤维PEEK以及碳纤维BioPEEK。所述弹性体可包括聚亚胺酯。非金属材料有益于透过射线而在成像(例如,射线照像、磁共振、或计算机轴向断层扫描)期间不会产生伪影。对于非金属材料而言,在设备中包括不透射线标志以辅助图像识别会是有益的。例如,可为各壳体提供一个或多个标志,这样可看清各壳体的方位,并且这些标记可为不同大小,这样就可辨识出每一壳体的标识。作为示例,可为植入物的各分离部件提供形状不一致的标志,或者两个不同尺寸或形状的横向标志,这样当观察图像时这些标志就可清晰呈现各部件的方位和位置。应当意识到上述材料仅为示例,并不意欲列出可使用的材料的全部清单。
间隔件和壳体可由相匹配材料制成,或者可由不同材料制成。通常,壳体使用非金属材料会受益于间隔件使用非金属材料从而在成像期间避免伪影。然而,在磨损表面上使用金属材料会改善关节连接和滑动面的抗磨损性。
现在参照图35至图50,示出了植入物或人工脊椎盘装置300的其它实施例。植入物300具有主体301,其由包括下部件或壳体312和上部件或壳体314在内的两部分形成,这些部件具有用于接触相邻椎骨端板的相应外表面320、322。如同上述实施例,植入部件312、314的外表面320、322的凸形或凹形可与相邻椎骨的轮廓匹配或略微失配。外表面320、322还可以是平坦的,并且某一个或另一个可是平坦的、凸形的或凹形的而另一个不是这样。和上述实施例也相同的是,表面320、322优选不需要具有用于将植入物固定到端板上的突起等,不过可以提供。
如以上实施例描述过的,为允许部件312、314相对于彼此移位,通过支承件或部件312、314的部分在部件312、314之间形成支承界面315。更具体地说,下部件312具有弓形或拱形支承部分319,其可具有与上部件314的凹槽支承部分317基本匹配的形状。显然,凹槽317和拱部319可进行倒换而分别形成在下部件312和上部件314上。此外,拱形支承部分319可具有相对于凹槽支承部分317失配的形状,使得如以上所述提供所需关节连接刚度。应当指出,所述运动可限制在单轴线、两轴线或多轴线。例如,可在部件312、314上设置运动限制器(未示出),或者可在单轴线接头上形成具有细长凹面或凸面的支承件。
因此,与上述支承件30相似,拱形支承部分319装配到弓形凹槽317内,使得它们的相应表面319a和317a优选基本平齐,彼此滑动接触,从而使壳体部件312、314能够转动或枢转以及相对于彼此弓形滑动或移动。壳体部件312、314之间的这种相对移位与对本文的其它植入物进行的上述描述类似。因此,本文的术语支承部件可为下部件312、上部件314或二者的支承部分,或者是如以上所述设置在下壳体部件和上壳体部件之间的单独件。
在壳体部件312和314优选相互连接的情况下将植入物300如以下将要描述地插入相邻下椎骨和上椎骨之间。植入物300和壳体312、314具有上述的跑道形状,其前后方向尺寸D2小于包括侧边303a和303b在内的横向尺寸D1。有利地利用较窄的、引导或前进端304(具有较小尺寸D2)将植入物300插入。植入物300具有从引导端304a、304b向相应尾端306a、306b延伸的纵向轴线,以及在大致较长侧边303a、303b之间延伸的横向轴线。植入部件312、314的纵向轴线和横向轴线限定出它们各自的广义平面。因此,纤维环309中的切口308仅需具有足够适合横向宽度D2从其通过的长度。在插入期间或插入后,可使植入物300转动从而使较小的横向尺寸D2不再与切口308准确对齐,并且可使植入物300插入成在植入后使较大横向尺寸D1至少部分地与切口308对齐。这样,在纤维环309中作出的用于插入的切口308的尺寸可最小化。此外,通过在髓核空间内转动植入物300,可使其被纤维环309俘获在该空间内并且不可能从与邻近的植入物300的较长侧边303a、303b之一大致对齐的较小切口308退出。
通过优选的椭圆或跑道形形状,植入物300的引导端304,具体来说是脊椎盘壳体部件312、314的端部304a、304b,在这些部件的所述广义平面内弯曲,以易于通过切口308插入。另一方面,一旦已插入并转动植入物300使得其大致较长侧边303a、303b(尤其是其部件312和314)与所述切口对齐,大致较长侧边303a、303b以及它们的长度使得脊椎盘部件312、314在植入后非常不可能通过切口308退出。此外,在当前优选实施例中,大致较长侧边303a、303b基本笔直,进一步有助于阻止植入部件312、314退出。
如前所述,可设置任选斜坡90,从而当按以下方式优选相继插入所述部件时便于对齐植入部件,即某一部件已插入相邻椎骨321间的髓核空间内,而其它部件经由斜坡90相对于所述已插入的部件插入可手术构造内。另一方面,使优选的脊椎盘装置300作为单个单元插入,使得部件312、314通过纤维环切口308一起插入。因此,不需要设置用于在椎骨盘空间内的可手术构造中将壳体部件组合在一起的对齐结构(例如,上述斜坡)。关于这一点,上部件314可在该上部件的所述广义平面内在弓形凹槽317的两侧具有平坦面390。
如以上所述,人工脊椎盘部件312、314优选相互连接,使得脊椎盘装置300可作为单个单元或脊椎盘组件插入。为此,将脊椎盘部件312、314连接,使它们呈一插入构造,该构造使脊椎盘组件300能够有效植入,同时就在纤维环309中为此所需的切口尺寸而言,可最小化其侵入。如图47和图50所示,脊椎盘单元300的插入构造优选为楔形构造,从而形成该单元300的低外形引导端304。在单元300的尾端306处,脊椎盘312、314远离彼此呈锥形,使得尾端306具有比引导端304大的外形。
这样,人工脊椎盘组件300的插入构造使得医生能够在植入插入的初始阶段的阻力保持最小的情况下,通过形成在纤维环物质中的狭窄的缝隙切口308将引导端304初始插入。单元300的继续插入使切口308分开,从而允许包括扩大的尾端305在内的整个植入物300通过髓核空间311并装配在其内。植入部件312、314之间的支承部分或界面315充当部件312、314之间的转轴。在初始插入期间,施加在顶面322和底面320上的力作用在支承部分315的转轴的前部。随着植入物300继续进入纤维环309,作用在所述前部上的力增加,并且当表面320、322进入纤维环309时该力作用在这些表面的更大部分上。在某一时刻,施加在植入部件312、314的转轴后部的力将超过作用在该转轴前部的力到足以使植入部件312、314变位成可手术构造的程度,如将在以下所述。这样,所述楔形插入构造有助于插入植入物300的前端304,并有助于使脊椎盘装置300在相邻上、下椎骨321(具体是它们的端板313)之间的髓核空间311内有效变位成可手术构造。
更具体地说,脊椎盘部件312和314的相应轴线312a和314a形成插入楔角ω,该楔角与脊椎盘部件312、314的长度一起决定部件尾端306a和306b的分离程度。为维持脊椎盘单元300的插入构造,脊椎盘部件312、314具有在它们的相应引导端304a和304b之间形成的可释放连接340。可释放连接340以在脊椎盘部件312、314之间形成的预定插入楔角ω而将脊椎盘部件312、314设置成它们的插入构造。在优选并示出的形式中,可释放连接340与相应部件312、314的拱形支承部分319和凹槽部分317配合,以形成特定脊椎盘单元300的插入楔角ω。
参照图41和图42,可以看出下部件312包括形成在其端部304a处的凹槽344,且凹槽344沿从前端304a朝后端306a延伸的方向相对于脊椎盘部分312的广义平面向上倾斜延伸。在上部件314上设置装配在凹槽344中的突起342,并且该突起配置成在部件314的广义平面内或平行于该平面延伸。这样,借助于脊椎盘部件312、314通过使突起342接收在凹槽344内而形成的可释放连接,上部件314会相对于下部件312的所述平面向上倾斜或翘起。同样,借助于部件312、314的可释放连接,支承部分317和319配合成使得上部件314与下部件312接合并被其支撑。具体地,如在图35中可见,在可释放连接340后部,上部件314的凹槽支承部分317将靠在上部件支承部分319的前侧。
可释放连接340的强度足以在脊椎盘单元300被推动通过纤维环切口308时以及在插入椎骨盘空间311内的初始阶段保持将脊椎盘部件312、314连接在一起。如所述的,壳体312、314优选设有将壳体312、314可释放地固定成所需楔角方位的配合结构(例如突起342和凹槽344)。在优选并示出的形式中,可释放连接340呈例如位于壳体312、314的引导端部304a、304b处的燕尾形接头340的干涉连接或搭扣配合连接形式。关于这一点,顶壳314包括呈燕尾形突起342形式的突起,而底壳312包括配置成与燕尾形突起342的构造基本匹配的配合凹槽344。
如对在前实施例的以上所述,上部件312和下部件314的引导端304a、304b和尾端306a、306b设成当植入时提供植入部件312、314之间所需的最大生理运动的程度。引导端304a、304b还可包括抵接表面352、354,使得部件312、314当处于插入构造时可与表面352、354接触并沿它们抵接。部件312、314还定向成当突起342和凹槽344固定或搭扣配合在一起时,表面352、354平齐接触。为此,上壳体部件314包括平坦表面352,燕尾形突起342从该表面延伸,该表面与在底部件312的凹槽344两侧升起的平坦表面354抵接。平坦表面354沿从下部件312的前部(或引导边缘)向后部的方向向上倾斜。如所示的,顶部件的表面352不倾斜,楔角ω可对应于由下部件312的表面354的倾度在表面354、352之间形成的角度。然而,可倒换表面354、352的所述角度使得表面352从相应引导边缘304a、304b向内倾斜,或者表面354、352的角度可均向内倾斜,每种构造均使得表面354、352可在楔角ω处处于平齐抵接关系。
为将燕尾342固定在凹槽344内,可将壳体312、314放置在一起,使得凹槽344定位成与燕尾形突起342成面对关系。燕尾形突起342包括从突起342的基部345向外倾斜的翼343,使得突起342具有引导面342a,其尺寸D3大于基部345的尺寸D4。凹槽344设有用于接收突起342的倾斜翼343的几何尺寸,使得凹槽344的上部344a在尺寸上小于下部344b。这样,于是可在壳体312、314的顶面320和底面322上施加人工压力,使得燕尾342的翼343被挤压进凹槽344内并以搭扣配合或干涉配合固定在该处。可替换地,可仅通过使燕尾342与凹槽344前端的开口346对齐并在该开口内滑动而将燕尾342固定在凹槽344内。连接340的至少一部分由可弹性变性的材料形成,使得突起342或凹槽344周围的表面或这二者可弹性变性,从而允许突起342以搭扣配合或干涉配合接收在凹槽344内。此外,如将在以下所述,所述可弹性变性材料允许连接340在插入期间由于相邻椎骨的植入力和限制力而释放。突起342和凹槽344的表面可覆盖便于突起342和凹槽连接以形成所述连接的材料,和/或阻止连接340在植入期间分离的材料,如以下所述。
因此,在连接部分342和344之间形成的干涉配合提供了阻止脊椎盘部件312、314相对于彼此枢转的预定程度的阻力,具体地,上部件314在其前端304b远离下部件的前端304a。另一方面,通过对部件312、314施加足够的力,燕尾连接340的干涉配合被破坏,使得脊椎盘部件312、314可呈其中部件312、314可相对于彼此变位的可手术结构,如图36所示。因此,根据脊椎盘装置300所要插入的椎骨或髓核空间的大小选择脊椎盘装置300。处于连接插入构造的相应部件312、314的尾端部或后端部306a和306b之间的距离应略大于相邻椎骨321之间的距离,尤其是脊椎盘装置300所要插入的端板313之间的距离。
这样,当脊椎盘装置或单元300滑入所述空间内(将在以下描述),下尾端306a和上尾端306b会与相应端板313进行接合。因此,在这里的优选形式中,在植入过程中正是顶面322和底面320用作脊椎盘主体301的接合部分。继续推动脊椎盘单元300进入椎骨盘空间311内,使得表面322、320与被挤压的纤维环接合或抵靠该纤维环初始成凸轮形,接着通过逐渐增大的力向椎骨和端板313成凸轮形。通过相对于椎骨盘空间311尺寸合适的脊椎盘单元300,在对置的隔开端部306a、306b处的挤压力最终会变得足够大,从而致使可释放连接340脱扣,使得部件312、314相对于彼此绕它们之间的支承界面315枢转。通过在脊椎盘组件300的引导端部304处形成的连接340以及施加在该脊椎盘组件的顶面322和底面320的分开力,形成杠杆臂,其作用是以中间拱形支承部分319作为转轴,利用该杠杆臂克服在优选连接340处的干涉配合。这使得由连接340提供的部件312、314之间的连接强度最大化,从而确保脊椎盘单元300在插入期间维持其连接插入构造,直到其插入纤维环309内足够的量。另一方面,同样毫无疑问的是所述楔形布置和利用所述部件作为杠杆臂312、314使得脊椎盘组件300能够以相对较低的力插入椎骨盘空间311内,并实现该脊椎盘组件300的可手术构造。此外,引导端的较小构造使得组件300容易与切口对齐,以用于初始插入。而且,当脊椎盘单元300如以上所述朝其在椎骨间的髓核空间内的完全座靠位置转动或旋转时,可在端部306a和306b上施加分开力。在插入构造和可手术构造之间变位中,部件312、314的枢转方向如图35和图36中的箭头P所示。
图53和图54示出了用于植入人工脊椎盘装置(例如,植入物300)的插入器装置400。插入器400可夹持或可释放地固定植入物300的壳体312、314,以将它们旋转插入髓核空腔311并位于其内。
为初始夹持壳体312、314,插入器400设有夹持件410,用于在例如医生握住近端400b上的手柄412时将壳体312、314保持在插入器400的远端400a上。为细长杆状基夹头420形式的第一夹持件相对于手柄412基本固定,并包括从夹持件420延伸的凸起422形式的结构,底壳312具有形成在其表面426中的凹槽424形式的接合结构。凹槽424形成在底壳312的尾端306a附近。当组装植入物300时,表面426基本朝向并面对顶壳314定向。因此,当连接到底壳312上时,凸起422沿基本远离顶壳314的方向延伸。
插入器400还设有第二夹持件,其可选择性地沿与基夹头420平行的方向往复运动。具体地,第二夹持件为基本围绕基夹头420的柱状夹柄432的形式,并且夹柄432通过例如弹簧435朝插入器400的远端400a偏置。夹柄432包括成型末端434,用于与底壳312的尾端306a接触。
更具体的说,底壳312的尾端306a包括从底壳312延伸的壁部436。壁部436在其基部与尾端306a附近的底壳312一起形成肩部440。肩部440成扇形,从而限定包括顺序的弓形表面444的连续表面。中间弓形表面444b与壳体312的纵向尺寸D1对齐。夹柄末端434成型成提供与中间弓形表面444b的曲线匹配的表面434a。因此,夹柄末端434与中间弓形表面444b以预定定向配合。
中间弓形表面444b两侧是第二弓形表面444a、444c和第三弓形表面444d、444e形式的侧弓形表面,第二弓形表面基本彼此相同地弯曲并从中间弓形表面444b向外倾斜,第三弓形表面也基本彼此相同地弯曲并从第二弓形表面444a、444c向外倾斜。作为示例,中间弓形表面444b与左侧弓形表面444a、444c或右侧弓形表面444d、444e之间的总角度为大约90°至95°。然而,侧弓形表面444a、444c、444d、444e不需要对夹柄末端434精确定向。这样,当夹柄末端434抵靠任何侧弓形表面444a、444c、444d、444e时,底壳312可沿抵靠侧表面444a、444c、444d、444e的定向移位。夹柄432还包括壳体凹槽446,其位于夹柄末端434附近并在夹柄末端434和基夹头420之间,定位在夹柄432内。
通过夹柄432和基夹头420将底壳312固定到插入器400上。为此,夹柄432抵抗弹簧偏置而部分地缩回,使得夹柄末端434远离凸起422移动一段距离。然后将凸起422插入底壳312的凹槽424内,壁部436插入壳体凹槽446内。接着使夹柄432朝底壳312移位,使得夹柄末端434与中间弓形表面试验定距件配合。这样,底壳312被夹柄432的偏置力夹紧,且其纵向尺寸与细长基夹头420和夹柄432对齐。
在优选实施例中,夹柄432可机械紧固或固定,使得不会发生抵抗偏置的意外缩回。在本实施例中,这通过包括前向偏置固定套筒470而实现,该固定套筒具有内孔472,使其绕夹柄432定位并部分在手柄412内。夹柄432具有加宽部474,其具有形成肩部477的外螺纹475,而固定套筒470具有:在其近端的抵接肩部478;在其内孔472内的肩部479;以及在其孔472内的螺纹471。弹簧480位于抵接肩部478和形成于手柄412中的肩部476之间,而肩部477、479通过弹簧480的作用力基本接触。因此,夹柄432的缩回致使其肩部477压靠固定套筒470的肩部479,使得二者共同缩回。
然而,固定套筒470可通过压缩弹簧480而相对于夹柄432缩回,并可相对于夹柄432独立转动。更具体地,固定套筒螺纹471与夹柄螺纹475配合。在正常位置,弹簧480偏压固定套筒螺纹471远离夹柄螺纹475。当固定套筒470抵抗弹簧480缩回时,固定套筒螺纹471移动到它们可与夹柄螺纹475接合的位置处。可通过滚花捏手490使固定套筒470转动,使得该固定套筒旋在夹柄432上。最终,捏手490与手柄412相接触,使得固定套筒470与之相对紧固,并且夹柄432旋进固定套筒470内。这样,夹柄432不能够缩回,从而底壳312被锁定在固定后的夹柄432和固定的基夹头420之间。
插入器400可同样固定顶壳314用于插入。为此,插入器400包括叉夹头450形式的第三夹持件,顶壳314设有被叉夹头450接收的夹持柱460。叉夹头450包括也基本定位在夹柄432内的细长柄454以及在远端450a处的一对叉臂452。各叉臂452在其内表面上包括杯形或半球状凹槽456,使得相应叉臂452的杯形凹槽456基本朝向并面对彼此定向。
顶壳314的夹持柱460包括用于接合在杯形凹槽456内的外表面462。为将夹持柱460插在叉臂452内,叉臂452可略微向外挠曲,并且夹持柱460可略微压缩。这样,夹持柱460搭扣配合或干涉配合在叉臂452内并可释放地固定在其内。与在初始位置中具有与连接器400的刚性定向的底壳312的固定不同,允许顶壳314绕其在叉臂452内的夹持柱460枢转,就如同球窝接头一样。
应当指出,壳体312、314可在固定到插入器400上之前固定形成燕尾接头340。可替换地,可在固定到插入器400上之后为壳体312、314设置插入方位。为此,由于顶壳314可枢转,施加人工压力仅用于将燕尾342和凹槽344挤压在一起。作为另外的替换例,可将插入器400固定到顶壳314上,从而为顶面322设置特定角度,于是为壳体312、314设置楔角ω和插入构造。
一旦可释放地固定到插入器400上并处于插入构造,植入物300就做好了插入通过纤维环309而插入髓核空腔311内的准备。如上所述,植入物300受到的插入力使该植入物300从插入构造变位到可手术构造。同样应指出的是,插入器400可用于转动植入物300以定位,并使较大纵向尺寸D1与纤维环309内的切口308对齐。在插入和转动期间,植入物300可能会接触纤维环的内表面309a,从而该接触引导植入物300进入髓核空腔311内并引导植入物300在纤维环内的转动。应当指出,植入物300和插入器400可用于多种手术方法或技术,包括从除后侧之外的方向的那些手术方法或技术。例如,在侧向切口方向中,插入器400和植入物300的操作和配合不需要像后侧方法所需的那些调整。
一旦植入物300已变位到可手术构造,顶壳314就基本不能自由运动。即,尽管通过夹持柱460和叉臂452形式的球窝接头型固定装置固定到插入器400上,然而纤维环309和椎骨端板313以及形成在壳体312、314之间的关节连接支承部件30限制了顶壳314的显著运动。因此,顶壳314基本跟随底壳312。
底壳312保持为相对于插入器400基本固定,直到医生选择其它操作。当已确定植入物300已在纤维环309和髓核空腔311内前进了足够量,从而不再需要刚性,或者植入物处于需要被转动的位置时,夹柄432可允许底壳312移位或绕凸起422枢转到侧弓形表面444a、444c、444d、444e的其中之一。夹柄432的偏置接着可将夹柄432移位成与444a、444c、444d、444e其中之一处于抵接关系。因此,顶壳314还和底壳312绕夹持柱460枢转。由于侧弓形表面444a、444c、444d、444e从中间弓形表面444b倾斜,因此当夹柄末端434固定在侧弓形表面444a、444c、444d、444e其中之一中时,医生可引导植入物300沿横向(垂直于前后方向)进入髓核空腔311内。
应当指出,一旦将植入物300充分插入切口内,就可使夹柄432完全缩回。由于上端板和内端板313提供的压力和限制,加上叉臂452和夹柄凸起422,底壳312和顶壳314尽管能够枢转然而基本不能脱出。这样,医生可在髓核空腔311内枢转和操纵植入物300例如直到所需位置,同时夹柄432仍然被弹簧偏置处于与表面444成面对关系。
为拔出插入器400,必须将植入物300从其释放。在优选实施例中,叉夹头450可通过滑动件490选择性地往复运动。为将顶壳314固定到叉夹头450上,通过使滑动件490相对于手柄412前进而使叉夹头450相对于夹柄432前进。滑动件490包括柱492,其接收在叉夹柄454中的位于手柄412内的凹槽494内。为释放植入物300,通过缩回滑动件390而释放顶壳314,从而缩回叉夹头450。由于壳体部件312、314相配合,因此这种缩回会使叉臂452与顶壳314分离。可替换地,所述缩回可朝柱状夹柄432拉动叉臂452并将其拉到叉柄432内,使得顶壳314的尾端306b与夹柄432的边缘498接触。继续缩回叉夹头450会迫使顶壳314从叉臂452释放。作为另一替换例,叉夹头450的缩回可迫使顶壳314抵靠基夹头420的一部分(例如,柱500),从而致使顶壳314从叉臂452释放。然后可使夹柄432缩回,于是凸起422可突出凹槽424外。
手柄412的近端400b包括开口510,释放件512固定在该开口内并沿近端方向被弹簧偏置。当克服该偏置而将释放件512推进手柄412内时,将销514从固定位置移位到释放位置。在固定位置,销514被接收在基夹头420的凹槽516内并固定处于基本固定位置的基夹头420。在释放位置,通过使销514移出凹槽516,可移开基夹头420以及叉夹头450和滑动件490。这样,可将插入器400拆卸下来,从而进行清洁和消毒的后部处理。
现在参照图55,示出了植入物600的另一实施例,其具有形成关节连接支承部件30的底壳612和顶壳614。顶壳614具有凹槽616,用于接收间隔件620上的拱部618,并与其进行关节连接。间隔件620固定在阶形凹槽630内,使得间隔件620在阶形凹槽630内略微运动。更具体地,间隔件620具有下垂柱622,其具有用于固定在阶形凹槽630最底部的凹槽部分632内下凸缘624。间隔件620具有使下凸缘624与拱部618相连的中间柱部626。中间柱部626位于阶形凹槽630的中间凹槽部分634内,并比其略小。拱部618包括与中间柱部626形成肩部642的底面640。阶形凹槽630包括上凹槽部分636,低摩擦垫圈或衬垫638位于其内,用于降低摩擦。即,衬垫638具有抵靠拱部618的底面640的顶面638a,以及抵接底壳612在上凹槽部分636中的顶面636a的底面638b。衬垫638可为聚合体,例如聚氨酯。
进一步参照图35,幻象示出如带333的替换可释放连接,带333在植入物300的插入端与上部件314和下部件312相连。带333在初始插入期间将部件312、314保持处于插入构造,从而提供楔角ω,如上所述。当由于抵靠脊椎物质(例如,纤维环或椎骨)插入而使作用在部件312、314上的力增加时,带333上的张力增加直到带333破裂或从部件312、314中的一个断开,从而允许部件312、314变位到可手术构造。而且,带333可为生物吸收材料,使得一段时间后带333被吸收。
继续参照图35并参照图41和图46,示出了如化学结合物339的另一可释放连接。化学结合物339可放置在上壳体部件314的平坦表面352上,底部件312的凹槽344两侧上的平坦表面354上,或这两者上。如所述的,在初始插入期间,化学结合物339的可释放连接保持部件312、314处于适当位置直到结合物339破裂,从而允许部件312、314变位到可手术构造。化学结合物339同样为可生物吸收的或生物相容的。
图56表示处于插入构造的植入物650的另一实施例,该植入物具有形成关节连接支承部件30的底壳660和顶壳662。类似于植入物300,植入物650具有枢转方向P。配合结构被设置成使得植入物具有插入构造。该配合结构包括在顶壳662的引导端672上的钩670,以及在底壳660的引导端676上的插脚674。在该实施例中,在插入期间作用在壳体660、662上的力致使钩670从插脚674释放,从而允许壳体660、662沿枢转方向P枢转,并允许其重新定位到可手术位置。
参照图57至图60,示出了植入物700,其具有形成干涉配合的对接接头的底壳712和顶壳714。底壳712具有引导端712a以及位于引导端712a附近的凹槽720。凹槽720向下倾斜,从而其深度朝引导端712a增加,并且在该凹槽内形成倾斜面722。在凹槽720的外周边724处在底壳712的顶面726附近形成唇728。顶壳714包括朝引导端714a向上呈锥形的表面740。舌742从表面740延伸,唇744围绕舌742的外周边746。顶壳714的舌742接收在凹槽720内,使得底壳712的唇728面对顶壳714的唇744。面对的唇744、728形成干涉配合,从而将植入物700保持处于插入构造。当植入物700受到足够的插入力时,唇744、728彼此释放,使得壳体沿枢转方向P枢转,并可将自身重新定向成可手术构造。
在本发明的实施例中提供了多种植入物,可在手术过程中从中选择。这些植入物的尺寸可根据髓核空间的尺寸变化。此外,植入物将要位于其间的椎骨端板可以不是基本彼此平行。因此,一旦植入并转动,植入物300就可形成可手术构造中的类似构造从而为相邻椎骨的天然曲率而设置。这样可手术构造为植入物的顶面322a和底面320a提供与相邻椎骨的端板的角度对应的可手术角θ。如从图69至图71中可见的,可手术角θ是在可手术构造的顶面322a和底面320a之间沿前后方向测量而测得的角度。
在图69和图70中,植入物单元300的植入部件312、314具有相应广义平面300a、300b,如前所述由植入部件312、314的纵向和横向轴线限定。如可见的,平面300a、300b在可手术结构中基本平行。当平面300a、300b基本平行时,可手术角θ由顶面322a和底面320a形成。将提供几种不同尺寸的人工脊椎盘单元300,其根据植入部件312和314的尺寸以及它们之间的可手术角θ发生变化。例如,可为植入物300设置0度、6度或12度的可手术角θ。
为选择合适的尺寸和合适的可手术角θ,检测植入部位。为此,可设置试验定距器800,如图61和图62所示。试验定距器800利用一系列试验定距件,在图63和图64中表示出代表性的试验定距件850。如所示,试验定距件850具有0度可手术角θ,不过优选设置例如0度、6度或12度的可手术角θ,使得该试验定距件可与合适植入物300匹配。
试验定距器800包括细长手柄810,具有在其一侧上的支架812。支架812优选包括两个臂814,各臂包括沿手柄810的长度方向对齐的孔816。螺母818在两个臂814之间,通过低摩擦衬垫(未示出)与臂814分开。螺母818包括与臂814的孔816对齐的中央内螺纹孔820。螺钉824位于孔816、820内并包括与螺母孔820的螺纹配合的螺纹。螺母818定位在两个臂814之间,从而基本固定,不过可在它们之间自由转动。当螺母818相对转动时,位于螺母孔820内的螺钉824相对于臂814并相对于手柄810轴向移位。
为允许这样,螺钉824具有不可转动地连接到滑动臂828上的远端。因此,螺母818可相对于螺钉824顺时针转动以推进螺钉824,并且螺母818可反向转动以使螺钉824缩回。当滑动臂828连接到螺钉824上时,它和螺钉824一起被推进或缩回。滑动臂828与固定到手柄810上的导轨臂830对齐并抵靠该导轨臂。这样,可使螺钉824相对于导轨臂830推进或缩回以使导轨臂830沿相同方向推进或缩回。
试验定距件850固定到试验定距器800的远端800a上。更具体地,试验定距件850包括试验定距主体852、仪器端口854以及固定销856。仪器端口854是被顶壁和底壁860以及后壁862侧面包围的凹槽。销856穿过顶壁和底壁860中的每一个并穿过仪器端口854凹槽。仪器端口854接收试验定距器800的远端800a,使得试验定距件850基本固定在该远端上。
滑动臂828和导轨臂830各自具有相应远端828a、830a。导轨臂远端830a包括倒钩或钩840。当滑动臂828缩回足够距离时,露出钩840使销856可位于其内。可接着推进滑动臂828到其远端828经过钩840并超过该钩。这样,位于钩内的销856被俘获在该钩内并基本防止了从该钩840脱出。而且,可推进滑动臂828,使得远端828a的端面828b抵接仪器端口854内的内壁861。在这一位置,基本防止了配合面828b和内壁861相对于彼此运动,从而使试验定距件850在特定方位基本锁合在试验定距器800上。当使滑动臂828从锁合位置缩回预定量时,可在需要时转动试验定距件850,从而插入髓核空间内。当滑动臂828进一步缩回时,可使销856从钩840释放,从而可将试验定距器800移除。
试验定距件850大致做成使得容易通过切口插入以确定髓核空间的尺寸。试验定距件850可具有引导端870,它是平坦的或者为了易于插入而是锥形的。试验定距件850还可形成为使得可确定所需的可手术角θ。可对试验定距件850的边缘进行倒角或使其变平滑,以促进插入和操纵。可将多个不同尺寸大小的试验定距件850顺序连接到试验定距器800的远端800a上并插入切口内,以为了要用在手术中的植入物确定合适的大小和可手术角θ。可替换地,引导端870可不成锥形。
试验定距器800的手柄810可包括允许在试验定距器800的插入中使用附加工具的结构。更具体地说,如图65和图66所示,替换试验定距器900可包括驱动或敲击机构910,用于直接通过仪器900的中央纵向轴线提供受控撞击,从而和试验定距件850进行传递。在本实施例中,敲击机构为质量块910形式,位于仪器900的近端900a处,被柱状滑动件922形式的质量块支撑物滑动地接收并支撑,滑动件922在第一端922a与手柄920相连。因此,可远离手柄920定位质量块910,然后沿滑动件922朝手柄920引导它以撞击手柄920。质量块910的动量传递到手柄920,从而引导试验定距件850进入并穿过纤维环进入髓核空间。可通过医生或通过其自身重量使质量块910朝手柄920加速。桩915位于滑动件922的第二端922b上以限制质量块910可远离手柄920定位的程度,并将质量块910保持在仪器900上。这样,敲击机构910的操作使得将比手动力更大的受控力传递到试验定距件850,并用于阻碍试验定距件850被医生推动得太猛烈或太快的可能性。
试验定距器900还包括替换的前进机构。试验定距器900具有滑动臂928和导轨臂930,与对试验定距器800的以上描述类似。滑动臂928和导轨臂930通过突起932滑动地相互固定,该突起932从滑动臂928延伸并被导轨臂930中的槽缝934接收。允许突起932在槽缝934内往复运动,同时还引导滑动臂928和导轨臂930线性移动。滑动臂928还包括托架940,其从滑动臂928的侧面942延伸,并且支架臂944缠绕形成在导轨臂930上的导轨引导件949的侧面946和底部948而基本形成C形。此外,俘获托架950位于滑动臂928的更远部分,俘获托架950也从滑动臂928的侧面952延伸,并通过俘获臂954缠绕导轨臂930的侧面930a和底部930b而基本形成C形。托架940还用于连接导轨臂930和滑动臂928,并使它们滑动固定。滑动臂928和导轨臂930相对彼此线性移动,从而使滑动臂928可缩回到使试验定距件850可被钩840接收的位置,并可延伸到将试验定距件850俘获在钩840内,如以上所述。
在示出的实施例中,为试验定距器900设有可选择的离散位置。更具体的说,滑动臂928可相对于导轨臂930滑动到预定离散位置或这些位置之间。导轨臂930包括大致面向滑动臂928开口的端口960。端口960包括被弹簧偏置的部件,即在示出的实施例中为柱962,不过它可以是球或其它结构。柱962被抵靠着导轨臂930上的表面964偏置挤压,而表面964包括齿状凹槽966。因此,当导轨臂930和滑动臂928相对定位,从而将柱962挤压进凹槽966内时,为迫使滑动臂928相对于导轨臂930运动必须克服将柱962保持在凹槽966内的偏置。
更具体的说,凹槽966包括第一凹槽966a,滑动臂928可缩回到使柱962位于第一凹槽966a内的位置,于是滑动臂928离开钩840。而且,在该缩回后的位置,托架臂944与导轨引导件949的近端949a内的空间970对齐,使得可例如为了进行清洁而将滑动臂928从导轨臂930移除。
可设置第二凹槽966b,当滑动臂928相对于导轨臂930延伸较短距离时,可使柱962位于该第二凹槽内。在该位置,滑动臂928和导轨臂930基本相互固定,并且滑动臂928离开钩840,使得试验定距件850可从试验定距器900移除或连接到其上。
当伸展滑动臂928时设置第三凹槽966c,使得柱962从第二凹槽966b运动到该第三凹槽966c。在该位置,允许连接到试验定距器900上的试验定距件840转动0~45°。
最后,可设置第四凹槽966d。滑动臂928可完全伸展,使得试验定距件940固定到其内,并大致锁合在特定方位。这样,柱962位于凹槽966d内。
在图67和图68中示出了代表性的手术技术。具体地,该技术包括切除围绕受损脊椎盘的组织,从而露出纤维环。初步确定待植入的人工脊椎盘装置的尺寸,或者可替换地,选定最小的切口尺寸。通向脊椎盘内部切开纤维环到足以到达髓核的深度。接着移除至少一部分髓核物质从而为接收人工脊椎盘装置提供纤维环内的空腔。然后选择试验定距件并将其固定到试验定距器上,接着将该试验定距器引导进切口内。如果空腔允许所述试验定距件进入,则对该试验定距件的配合进行检查以确定该试验定距件是否准确测量了空腔的尺寸和形状,包括可手术角θ。如果根据可用的试验空间和相应的植入物,该试验定距件不是最佳的,则选择另外的试验定距件插入所述空腔内直到确定出合适的试验定距件。一旦确定了合适的试验定距件,就基于该试验定距件选择植入物。即,根据确定为合适的试验定距件选择人工脊椎盘装置的尺寸和可手术角θ。
然后将人工脊椎盘装置构造成其插入构造,并将其连接到插入工具或工具上。可首先构造人工脊椎盘装置然后将其连接到插入工具上,反之亦然。
为将植入物构造成插入构造,连接该植入物的配合结构,使得植入物的引导端相对较小,并且该植入物形成一楔角。例如,可将具有翼状燕尾的第一部件定位成靠近具有凹槽的第二部件,该凹槽具有与燕尾结构配合的结构。接着对这些部件施加手动压力以将燕尾挤进凹槽内。可替换地,可使燕尾滑进凹槽的开口端内以连接该凹槽和该燕尾。如上所述,可利用其它连接和配合结构来连接植入物的这些部件。
插入工具可连接到植入物的第一和第二部件上。该插入工具可包括在第一夹持部件上的突起,其中该突起可枢转地接收在形成于第一植入物部件中的凹槽内。为将该突起插入凹槽内,使上述夹柄形式的第二夹持部件缩回,从而将该突起插入凹槽内。然后释放夹柄,由于具有向前的弹簧偏置,夹柄向前移位而与第一植入物部件接触。接着使第一植入物部件与夹柄对齐,使得该第一植入物部件上的弓形表面以配合关系接收夹柄的弓形末端。然后使固定套筒向后移位并使其转动,从而抵靠着第一植入物部件上的弓形表面锁合所述夹柄。接着使插入工具的叉夹头伸展。该叉夹头接收位于第二植入物部件上的柱并固定在该柱上。该柱和/或对置的叉夹头挠曲以允许该柱俘获在该叉夹头内。
一旦将第一和第二植入物部件固定到插入工具上,植入物就为植入做好了准备。检测纤维环的切口尺寸以确保其对于选定的植入物来说足够大。如果不是,就扩大切口。如果是就使植入物的较小引导端与纤维环的切口对齐。接着,施加力从而将植入物引导进切口内并穿过该切口而进入髓核空腔内。
当正插入植入物时,第一和第二部件的外表面接触纤维环和椎骨端板。随着力的增加,该接触致使提供第一植入部件和第二植入部件之间的连接的配合结构释放。这在可在插入过程中的任何时候发生。这样,植入物部件从插入构造变位到可手术构造,在该可手术构造中所述部件在髓核空腔内相对于彼此自由枢转和转动。
变位到可手术构造后或与此同时,使植入物转动。更具体地说,不锁合固定套筒,使得夹柄可缩回。然后使夹柄末端从弓形表面成凸轮形,其中其与定位在初始弓形表面附近的侧弓形表面初始对齐。这样,将植入物可移动地固定到插入工具上,使得可转动植入物以在正确方位对齐。此外,插入工具可继续插入并操纵植入物。于是将植入物调整到在髓核空腔内的理想位置或方位。如上所述,可在植入物部件上利用不透射线标志,以便于医生使用射线照相设备检测和定位植入物。
一旦植入物处于理想位置和方位,就可将插入工具移除。更具体地说,使叉夹头缩回,从而例如通过与基夹头上的相对静止结构接触而从叉臂挤压所述柱。于是夹柄缩回,使得夹柄末端从第一植入物部件缩回,并使得夹柄本身离开第一植入物部件。然后使基夹头上的突起从第一植入物部件的凹槽中移除。这时,可将插入工具从纤维环移除并大致从手术部位移除。
目前所述的腰部区域中的天然脊椎盘具有普通运动范围。屈曲/伸展的平均运动范围为12至17度,侧向弯曲的平均值为6至16度,而轴向转动的平均值为2至3度。在当前的实施例中,屈曲/伸展范围为15至20度,侧向弯曲在7.5-8的数量级内,而对轴向转动没有限制。
尽管对包括实现本发明的当前优选模式的具体示例进行了描述,本领域的技术人员将认识到上述系统和技术存在许多改变和置换,它们都落在所附权利要求所列的本发明的精神和范围内。

Claims (49)

1.一种假体脊椎髓核装置,用于置换脊椎盘的髓核并植入在轴向间隔的相邻上下椎骨之间,该装置包括:
刚性上壳体,用于与所述上椎骨接触且尺寸定为装配在脊椎盘的纤维环内;
刚性下壳体,用于与所述下椎骨接触且尺寸定为装配在脊椎盘的纤维环内;以及
至少一个支承部件,其位于所述上壳体和下壳体之间并允许在该上壳体和下壳体之间的相对运动,使得纤维环将所述装置保持在其内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述至少一个支承部件为在至少一个所述上壳体和下壳体之间的多轴线关节连接支承部件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述壳体和支承部件可通过纤维环中的切口顺序插入,并且该装置可在纤维环内组装。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,还包括形成关节连接支承部件的间隔件,其中该装置在其在纤维环内的插入期间具有压缩布置,并且该装置可在植入纤维环中后扩展成扩展布置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述上壳体具有大致光滑的顶面,用于在脊椎盘的纤维环内与上椎骨进行非侵入性接触;而所述下壳体具有大致光滑的底面,用于在脊椎盘的纤维环内与下椎骨进行非侵入性接触。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述各壳体均具有横向尺寸端部和大于横向尺寸的纵向尺寸端部,并且各壳体可通过首先引导横向尺寸端部进入纤维环中的切口内而插入通过该切口。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,所述纤维环具有横向尺寸和纵向尺寸,使得纤维环的横向尺寸大于该纤维环的纵向尺寸,并且各壳体可定位成使壳体的横向尺寸与纤维环的横向尺寸对齐。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,各壳体在插入通过所述切口时可进行转动,从而使被插入的壳体定位成该壳体的横向尺寸与纤维环的横向尺寸对齐。
9.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,各壳体在插入通过切口后可进行转动,从而使插入后的壳体定位成该壳体的横向尺寸与纤维环的横向尺寸对齐。
10.一种假体脊椎髓核装置,用于置换脊椎盘的髓核并植入在轴向间隔的相邻上下椎骨之间,该装置包括:
上壳体,用于与所述上椎骨接触且尺寸定为装配在脊椎盘的纤维环内;
下壳体,用于与所述下椎骨接触且尺寸定为装配在脊椎盘的纤维环内;以及
至少一个支承部件,其位于所述上壳体和下壳体之间并允许在该上壳体和下壳体之间的多轴线运动和该上壳体和下壳体的滑动运动。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,所述支承部件包括:
具有一曲率半径的凸面;以及
凹面,其用于接收所述凸面并具有一曲率半径,其中可选择相应的曲率半径以为所述上壳体和下壳体之间的多轴线运动提供刚度。
12.一种假体脊椎髓核装置,用于置换脊椎盘的髓核并植入在轴向间隔的相邻上下椎骨之间,该装置包括:
上壳体,其具有用于与所述上椎骨接触并根据该椎骨顶面的凹度进行选择的凸形顶面,该壳体的尺寸定为装配在脊椎盘的纤维环内;
下壳体,其具有用于与所述下椎骨接触并根据该下椎骨的凹度进行选择的凸形底面,该壳体的尺寸定为装配在脊椎盘的纤维环内;以及
至少一个支承部件,其位于所述上壳体和下壳体之间并允许在该上壳体和下壳体之间的相对运动。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,至少一个所述凸面的曲率半径大于该至少一个所述凸面所接触的椎骨的曲率半径。
14.根据权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,至少一个所述凸面的曲率半径小于该至少一个所述凸面所接触的椎骨的曲率半径。
15.根据权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,至少一个所述凸面的曲率半径等于该至少一个所述凸面所接触的椎骨的曲率半径。
16.一种置换脊椎盘的髓核的方法,该方法的步骤包括:
提供包括多个部件的植入物装置;
确定每一所述部件都可通过的最小切口尺寸;
在脊椎盘的纤维环中形成切口,使得该切口形成可变形的开口,其尺寸根据每一所述部件都可通过的所述最小切口尺寸确定;
定位所述部件,用于插入通过所述切口;
通过所述切口顺序插入所述部件;以及
在纤维环内组装所述部件以形成所述装置。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括在所述部件的引导端插入纤维环内后使至少一个所述部件转动的步骤。
18.一种用于置换脊椎盘的髓核的方法,该方法的步骤包括:
提供具有刚性上部件、刚性下部件以及间隔件的植入物装置;
沿预定方向组装具有预定尺寸处于塌瘪布置的所述装置;
在脊椎盘的纤维环中形成切口,使得该切口形成为可变形的切口,其尺寸根据使得处于塌瘪布置的所述装置可通过该切口的预定尺寸确定;
使处于塌瘪布置的所述装置插入通过所述切口;以及
扩展所述装置,使得该装置具有至少在预定方向上尺寸大于预定尺寸的扩展布置。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述扩展装置的步骤包括相对于所述上部件和下部件中的至少一个移动所述间隔件的一部分。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述扩展装置的步骤包括将可流动物质充注到所述间隔件内,以在所述上部件和下部件之间扩展该间隔件。
21.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述上壳体和下壳体包括配合结构,以允许这些壳体同时植入所述椎骨之间。
22.一种用于插入上、下椎骨之间的人工脊椎盘装置,该人工脊椎盘装置包括:
脊椎盘主体;
所述主体的第一部分和第二部分,它们以插入构造和可手术构造连接,其中插入构造连接允许在椎骨之间的低作用力插入,可手术构造连接允许当椎骨运动时在所述主体部分之间进行相对运动,所述第一主体部分和第二主体部分在椎骨间插入时可从所述插入构造变位到所述可手术构造。
23.根据权利要求22所述的人工脊椎盘装置,其特征在于,所述主体部分包括在插入构造中的接合部分,这些接合部分的尺寸定为抵靠所述上、下椎骨接合,从而当所述主体部分被插在椎骨之间时致使这些主体部分从所述插入构造变位到所述可手术构造。
24.根据权利要求22所述的人工脊椎盘装置,其特征在于,所述第一和第二主体部分包括在它们之间的可释放连接,其通过所述主体部分从所述插入构造变位到所述可手术构造而释放。
25.根据权利要求22所述的人工脊椎盘装置,其特征在于,所述第一和第二主体部分包括在他们之间的搭扣配合连接,使得这些主体部分在插入构造中搭扣配合在一起。
26.根据权利要求22所述的人工脊椎盘装置,其特征在于,所述插入构造包括楔形构造。
27.根据权利要求22所述的人工脊椎盘装置,其特征在于,所述主体部分在它们的插入构造中处于相对于彼此基本固定的定向。
28.根据权利要求22所述的人工脊椎盘装置,其特征在于,所述主体部分中的每一个均包括:
第一端和第二端;以及
将主体部分的对应的第一端相连,使得在所述主体部分处于其插入构造的情况下,各主体部分的对应第二端彼此间隔的距离大于连接后的第一端。
29.根据权利要求28所述的人工脊椎盘装置,其特征在于,所述第一和第二主体部分中的一个包括支承部分,且另一主体部分从其第一连接端沿该支承部分、并大致远离所述一个主体部分向其第二端延伸。
30.一种将人工脊椎盘装置植入上、下椎骨之间的方法,该方法包括:
将所述脊椎盘装置连接成插入构造;
将该脊椎盘装置插入所述椎骨之间;
在插入期间,使所述椎骨与所述脊椎盘装置的部分接合;
继续插入所述脊椎盘装置,致使所述连接被释放;以及
通过释放所述连接将所述脊椎盘装置变位到可手术构造。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括通过使所述脊椎盘装置的上部件和下部件的上、下外表面形成预定角度而将该上部件和下部件定位成所述插入构造,其中所述连接脊椎盘的步骤包括通过配合结构将所述上部件和下部件相连。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其特征在于,所述将所述上部件和下部件相连的步骤包括在该上部件和下部件之间形成干涉配合。
33.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其特征在于,所述干涉配合为搭扣配合。
34.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括使所述上表面和下表面对着所述上、下椎骨成凸轮形,以分离所述配合结构。
35.一种置换脊椎盘的髓核的方法,该方法的步骤包括:
提供具有较大尺寸和较小尺寸的植入物装置;
在所述脊椎盘的纤维环中形成具有预定尺寸的切口;
通过使所述最小尺寸与所述切口对齐而定向所述装置,从而使所述预定切口尺寸保持为最小;
通过所述切口将所述装置插入髓核空间内;以及
转动所述装置,使得所述较大尺寸的至少一部分与所述切口对齐。
36.根据权利要求35所述的方法,其特征在于,所述形成切口的步骤包括以倾斜于所述脊椎盘的前后方向的一角度切除所述纤维环的一部分。
37.根据权利要求35所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括选择性地将一插入工具安装到所述装置上。
38.根据权利要求37所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括在所述插入所述装置的步骤前以预定方位将该装置相对于所述插入工具牢固固定。
39.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其特征在于,所述插入工具包括夹持部件,并且所述将所述装置牢固固定的步骤包括将该夹持部件与该装置固定。
40.根据权利要求39所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括在所述插入步骤后调节所述夹持部件的步骤,使得所述插入工具和所述人工脊椎盘装置可相对于彼此枢转。
41.根据权利要求35所述的方法,其特征在于,所述形成切口的步骤包括至少根据所述装置的所述较小尺寸确定该切口的尺寸。
42.根据权利要求35所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括根据所述脊椎盘的其中一个尺寸、在所述上、下椎骨之间形成的角度、以及髓核空腔的尺寸选择所述装置。
43.根据权利要求42所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括在所述髓核空腔内插入试验定距件以选择人工脊椎盘装置。
44.根据权利要求43所述的方法,其特征在于,所述插入试验定距件的步骤包括利用试验定距器以引导在所述纤维环内的试验定距件。
45.根据权利要求35所述的方法,其特征在于,所述装置的转动发生在所述插入装置的步骤期间。
46.根据权利要求35所述的方法,其特征在于,所述装置的所述转动包括与所述纤维环的内壁接触,从而使该装置在其内滑动并定位。
47.一种用于置换脊椎盘的髓核的系统,该系统包括:
假体髓核装置;以及
插入工具,其中所述装置可转动地安装到该插入工具上,并且该装置可转动到至少两个离散位置。
48.一种用于置换脊椎盘的髓核的系统,该系统包括:
假体髓核装置,其具有较小尺寸端;以及
插入工具,其中所述装置可在所述较小尺寸端安装到该插入工具上。
49.一种用于置换脊椎盘的髓核的假体脊椎髓核装置,该髓核装置包括:
上壳体;以及
下壳体,其中该髓核装置被植入相邻的上、下椎骨之间,并且所述壳体中的至少一个具有相对于至少一个椎骨成预定角度的外表面。
CN2004800374555A 2003-10-22 2004-10-22 人工脊椎盘装置 Expired - Fee Related CN101193607B (zh)

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US8241360B2 (en) 2012-08-14
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