CN101292150A - 光散射和成像光学系统 - Google Patents

光散射和成像光学系统 Download PDF

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CN101292150A
CN101292150A CNA2006800384715A CN200680038471A CN101292150A CN 101292150 A CN101292150 A CN 101292150A CN A2006800384715 A CNA2006800384715 A CN A2006800384715A CN 200680038471 A CN200680038471 A CN 200680038471A CN 101292150 A CN101292150 A CN 101292150A
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detector
optical element
scattered light
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lens
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CN101292150B (zh
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B·S·弗里茨
J·A·科克斯
P·罗伊蒂曼
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Honeywell International Inc
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    • G01N15/1433—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers
    • G01N15/1484—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers microstructural devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4233—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element [DOE] contributing to a non-imaging application
    • G02B27/4244—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element [DOE] contributing to a non-imaging application in wavelength selecting devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1819—Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers
    • G01N15/1434—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers using an analyser being characterised by its optical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers
    • G01N15/1434—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers using an analyser being characterised by its optical arrangement
    • G01N2015/1447—Spatial selection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers
    • G01N2015/1493—Particle size
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N2021/4704—Angular selective
    • G01N2021/4707—Forward scatter; Low angle scatter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N2021/4704—Angular selective
    • G01N2021/4711—Multiangle measurement
    • G01N2021/4716—Using a ring of sensors, or a combination of diaphragm and sensors; Annular sensor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/4788—Diffraction

Abstract

将散射光(32，33)和图象(31)光传送到多个探测器(35，36，37)的光学元件(38)。光学元件(38)具有衍射分束器和成像透镜的属性。所检测的光来自被照明的目标(12)。光学元件(38)用于经由多个区域将来自目标(12)的散射光(32，33)分别传送到特定的探测器(36，37)。后面的光学元件(38)可以包括混合透镜上的多个环形区域衍射结构。

Description

光散射和成像光学系统
技术领域
本发明关于光学装置，特别关于包含散射光的光学装置。更特别地，本发明关于收集来自散射光和图像的信息。
发明内容
本发明是利用成像和散射光的测量以及检测得到来自关注区域的数据的光学系统。
附图说明
图1是确定粒子直径和流速的光学成像通道；
图2是确定粒子类型的光学散射通道；
图3是光学成像和散射通道的组合；和
图4是具有多区域衍射结构的光学散射装置。
具体实施方式
可能存在一种收集事物(例如在血细胞计数器流动通道(cytometer flow channel)中的)和细胞(例如白或红血细胞)的散射和成像信息的系统。例如，在血细胞计数器中，一些目标可以包括细胞类型的分类和计数，以及细胞体积的测量。对于这些目标的全光学方法可以通过测量各个角度的细胞的散射光以及成像细胞以确定其直径与可能的其它特性来实现。成像和散射可以利用两个独立的光学系统来实现，该光学系统分别如图1和2所示。然而，利用本方法，散射和成像可以利用一个独立的光学系统来实现，如图3所示。衍射或混合(即衍射-折射)光学元件的使用可以允许实现既能够成像也能够散射的光学链(optical train)。
图1说明了可以用于确定例如流动通道13中血细胞12(或其它粒子)的直径和流速的光学成像通道或链10。成像透镜14可以将来自细胞12的光15聚焦到成像探测器16上。探测器16可以是光电探测器阵列或一些其它用于图像检测的机构。透镜14和探测器16可以沿光轴17对准。
图2说明了可以用于确定流动通道13中血细胞12(或其它粒子)的类型和/或其它特性的光学散射通道或链20。散射离开细胞12的光18可以通过透镜23，其可以工作为散射收集透镜。散射光18可以由透镜23重定向(redirect)，然后可以继续前进到达探测器21。探测器21可以是光电探测器或光电探测器阵列或一些其它机构。探测器21可以是环形探测器。探测器21可以检测光的FALS(前向角(forward angular)散射)和/或SALS(小角散射)。探测器19可以是可以沿光轴17继续前进的光的消光通道(未被细胞12散射)。
图3是可以用于确定流动通道13中血细胞12(或其他粒子)的直径、流速和/或类型(和/或包括可能的其他特性)，或关注区域中的项目的散射和成像通道或链30的组合。粒子12可以由光源44照明。透镜24可以将来自细胞12的光15聚焦在具有双缝(slit)的成像探测器22上。可以把透镜24看作衍射分束器通道。光15可以具有正的第一级成像。探测器22可以由光电探测器阵列或一些其它用于图像检测并作为散射消光通道的机构构成。透镜24可以收集负的第一衍射级散射光18，该光可以继续前进到达探测器21。探测器21可以是光电探测器或光电探测器阵列或一些其它机构。探测器21可以是环形探测器。探测器21可以检测FALS和/或SALS光。探测器22可以是用于可以沿光轴17继续前进的光的部分消光通道。也可以分别把探测器16，19，21和22看作部分的成像通道、消光通道、FALS/SALS散射通道和/或具有双缝的成像通道。来自探测器21和22的信号可以到达处理器45，其用于关于目标12的信息输出和信号分析。
角度散射收集通道40(图4)可以实现以有效和紧密收集来自关注区域的散射光的角度区域31、32和33，该关注区域例如具有在通道中流动的细胞12(或其它粒子)的流动通道13。关注或目标区域可以由光源42照明。流动通道13可以是部分的血细胞计数器。收集光可以被重定向到具有类似区域并靠近在一起的小探测器35、36和37上。利用混合透镜38上的三个角度区域衍射表面结构，能够收集来自关注区域的散射光的环形区域31、32和33，并将这些不同的区域分别聚焦到相邻的探测器35、36和37上。通过利用将聚焦和光栅特性组合的单一光学元件38，完整或接近完整的环形散射区域31、32和33可以被捕获并重定向到紧密模块中的线性(或其它构形)探测器阵列35，36，37。
光学元件38的衍射表面结构的每个角度区域31、32和33可以具有相关的线性项(光栅)，其将各个区域上被捕获的散射光重定向到透镜38的光轴39附近的横向位置。透镜38还可以用于聚焦被捕获的散射光。每个捕获区域可以通过特定区域中透镜38上的衍射结构重定向到可以支持例如探测器35，36和37的探测器阵列面41中的不同的横向位置。探测器可以具有相同面积，靠近在一起和/或紧密，具有最大的能量捕获。来自探测器35，36和37的信号可以到达处理器43，其用于关于目标12的信息输出和信号的分析。光收集区域可以包括消光区域31，尺寸区域32和结构区域33，其分别具有定向(direct)到探测器35，36和37的散射光。区域33可以是轴39最外面的区域，由透镜38上的衍射结构所传送。区域31可以是相对于轴39的最里面的区域，以及区域32可以是相当于透镜38的轴39在区域31和33之间的中间区域。作为替代，可以存在比角度散射收集通道40中的三个区域更多或更少的区域。
在本说明书中，尽管以另一种方式或时态陈述，但是一些内容可以具有假定或预言的特性。
尽管已经对于至少一个示例性例子描述了本发明，但是在阅读了本说明书以后，许多变化和变形对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，打算所附权利要求尽可能宽地考虑到现有技术而进行解释以包括所有的这些变化和变形。

Claims (21)

1.一种光学系统，包括：
光学元件，具有成像透镜和衍射分束器；
图像光探测器，位于沿光轴离光学元件的第一距离；和
散射光探测器，位于离光学元件的第二距离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中：
散射光探测器是FALS和/或SALS散射通道；和
图像光探测器是具有双缝的成像通道。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中散射光探测器用于衍射级。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统，其中图像光探测器用于另外的衍射级。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统，进一步包括：
接近目标的光源；和
其中：
散射光探测器可以接收目标散射的光；和
图像光探测器可以接收目标图像的光。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统，进一步包括连接到散射光探测器和图像光探测器的处理器。
7.一种散射光捕获系统，包括：
衍射透镜；和
接近衍射透镜的探测器阵列。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中衍射透镜具有多个环形区域。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其中衍射结构在透镜上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其中透镜包括混合透镜。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中多个环形区域包括消光区域、尺寸区域和结构区域。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中：
消光区域投影在探测器阵列的第一探测器上；
尺寸区域投影在探测器阵列的第二探测器上；和
结构区域投影在探测器阵列的第三探测器上。
13.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中多个环形区域传送目标散射的光。
14.一种检测方法，包括：
提供光学元件；
提供探测器阵列；
利用光学元件将散射光从目标定向到探测器阵列的第一探测器；
利用光学元件将成像光从目标定向到探测器阵列的第二探测器。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中光学元件是具有衍射结构的聚焦透镜。
16.一种检测方法，包括：
提供光学元件；和
利用光学元件经由多个区域将散射光从目标分别定向到多个探测器。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中光学元件包括透镜上的多个区域衍射结构。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中多个区域包括：
围绕光轴的第一环形区域；
在第一环形区域外的第二环形区域；和
在第二环形区域外的第三环形区域。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，
经由第一环形区域的散射光到达多个探测器的第一探测器；
经由第二环形区域的散射光到达多个探测器的第二探测器；和
经由第三环形区域的散射光到达多个探测器的第三探测器。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中：
第一环形区域是消光区域；
第二环形区域是尺寸区域；和
第三环形区域是结构区域。
21.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中目标可以是分析器流动通道中的粒子。
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