CN101309651A - 消融导管 - Google Patents

消融导管 Download PDF

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CN101309651A
CN101309651A CNA200680030272XA CN200680030272A CN101309651A CN 101309651 A CN101309651 A CN 101309651A CN A200680030272X A CNA200680030272X A CN A200680030272XA CN 200680030272 A CN200680030272 A CN 200680030272A CN 101309651 A CN101309651 A CN 101309651A
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ablation
carrier module
control shaft
ablation catheter
electrode
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CN101309651B (zh
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里卡多·D·罗曼
亚历山大·J·阿斯康德谷伊
克里斯托皮尔·G·康尼斯
J·克里斯多佛·弗拉海尔提
拉德尔·L·沃纳斯
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Medtronic Ablation Frontiers LLC
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Ablation Frontiers Inc
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1492Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
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    • A61N7/022Localised ultrasound hyperthermia intracavitary

Abstract

公开了用于标测电信号和消融组织的装置、系统和方法。实施方式包括消融导管,该消融导管具有连接至可展开的一批载体组件的消融元件。该载体组件可从紧缩的线性构造转换至螺旋构造,从而标测和消融肺静脉口。

Description

消融导管
相关申请的状态
本申请要求2005年6月20日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号No.60/692,416的权益,其名称为“Pulmonary Vein Ablation Devices”,该专利申请在此作为参考整体并入。
技术领域
本发明总体涉及用于对受治者的目标组织进行消融的导管和方法。尤其是,本发明提供包括远端构造成肺静脉口的导管的装置,和利用这些装置和类似装置治疗疾病(例如心律失常)的方法。
背景技术
组织消融用于许多医疗程序以治疗患者。消融能够用于去除例如癌细胞的有害组织。消融术还可包括改变该组织,而无需进行去除,从而阻止电传播通过心律失常患者的组织。通常,通过把能量,例如电能,传过一个或多个电极,使接触电极的组织加热至消融温度来进行消融。消融术可通过消融心脏中的组织在心房纤颤患者上进行。
哺乳动物器官通常通过电脉冲从一个组织至另一个组织的传输而产生。干扰这种电传输可导致器官功能障碍。电脉冲传输对适当的器官机能关键的一个具体区域是心脏。心脏的正常窦性心律以窦房结产生电脉冲开始,该电脉冲均匀地跨过左右心房传送至房室结。心房收缩导致血液以与搏动同步的方式泵入心室内。
心房纤颤指一种心律失常类型,其中心房中紊乱的电传导引起快速的不协调收缩,这导致血液无效泵入心室内并且缺少同步性。在心房纤颤期间,房室结从遍及心房的多个位置而不是仅从窦房结接收电脉冲。这压制得房室结产生无规律的、快速的心跳。因此,血液在心房中汇聚,增加了形成血凝块的风险。心房纤颤的主要危险因素包括年龄,冠状动脉病,风湿性心脏病,高血压,糖尿病,和甲状腺毒症。心房纤颤影响了7%年龄在65岁以上的人群。
心房纤颤的治疗选择有限。生活方式的改变仅有助于患有与生活方式有关的心房纤颤的个人。药物治疗仅有助于控制心房纤颤症状,并且可能存在比心房纤颤更危险的副作用,并且不能治愈心房纤颤。心脏电复律经常恢复窦性心律,但是复发率高。此外,如果在心房中有血凝块,则心脏复律可导致凝块离开心脏并移动至大脑或身体的某些其它部位,这可导致中风。需要的是用于治疗涉及紊乱电传导的心房纤颤和其他疾病的新方法。
已经提出多种消融技术来治疗心房纤颤,包括Cox-Maze术,心房的不同区域的线性消融,和肺静脉口的圆周消融。Cox-Maze术和线性消融手术费力且耗时,需要多个小时来完成。肺静脉口消融证明是难做的,并且导致不充分的结果和对肺静脉难以承受的损伤。因此,需要改进的心房消融产品和技术。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面,公开了一种用于操作人员治疗心律失常患者的消融导管。该导管包括细长的、柔性的管状体构件,该管状体构件具有近端,远端和在近端和远端之间的内腔。该导管还包括控制轴,该控制轴与管状体构件的内腔共轴地布置并且由该内腔滑动地接纳。柔性的载体组件连接至控制轴的末端,并且包括至少一个消融和/或标测元件。控制轴的缩回使载体组件从紧缩的接近线性的构造转变成螺旋或部分螺旋。在优选实施方式案中,该螺旋小于360°。
在优选实施方式中,载体组件可退回至管状体构件内的位置。在另一个优选实施方式中,消融导管至少包括两个载体组件,该载体组件可在紧缩的接近线性的构造至螺旋或部分螺旋之间转换。在又一个优选实施方式中,导管可放置在导引丝上,或者包括一体的导引丝端。
根据本发明的另一个方面,公开了一种用于操作人员治疗心律失常患者的消融导管。该导管包括细长的、柔性的管状体构件,该管状体构件具有近端,远端和在近端和远端之间的内腔。该导管还包括控制轴,该控制轴与管状体构件的内腔共轴地布置并且由该内腔滑动接纳。柔性的载体组件连接至控制轴的末端,并且在伞尖构造中包括至少一个消融和/或标测元件。控制轴的缩回使载体组件改变形状,以便吻合围绕一个或多个肺静脉的组织进入患者的左心房。
在优选实施方式中,消融导管包括也处于伞尖构造中的第二载体组件。在另一个优选实施方式中,导管包括锚定元件,例如球囊或可扩展的笼体(cage),用于将消融导管稳定和/或锚定在肺静脉中。在又一个优选实施方式中,导管包括超声元件,用于将圆形模式的超声能量引向组织。在又一个优选实施方式中,伞尖的一个或多个载体臂可旋转、稳定或以其他方式操作,以更好地例如与组织如肺静脉口组织吻合或稳定。在又一个优选实施方式中,导管可放置在导引丝上,或者包括一体的导引丝尖端。在又一个优选实施方式中,导管包括可推进的齿条,该齿条可用于定位或稳定载体组件。
根据本发明的又一个方面,公开了一种用于操作人员治疗心律失常患者的消融导管。该导管包括细长的、柔性的管状体构件,该管状体构件具有近端,远端和在近端和远端之间的内腔。该导管还包括柔性的载体组件,该载体组件包括可膨胀的球囊,该球囊安装有或嵌入有消融和/或标测元件。
附图说明
并入和构成本说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的各种实施方式,并连同说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。在附图中:
图1示出根据本发明的消融导管的侧剖视图,其中远端插入患者的肺静脉。
图2a和2b示出根据本发明的图1的消融导管的远部的透视图。
图3示出根据本发明的消融导管的远部的透视图,其中该装置包括近端能量传输载体组件和远侧标测载体组件。
图4示出根据本发明的消融导管手柄,其包括图3的两个载体组件。
图5示出根据本发明的消融导管的侧剖视图,其中远端插入患者的肺静脉中。
图6示出根据本发明的消融导管的远部的透视图,其中载体组件包括可旋转定位的一个或多个载体臂。
图7示出根据本发明的消融导管的远部的透视图,其中套管能够前进以操纵载体组件的一个或多个载体臂,并且该远端包括用于插入肺静脉的柔性丝。
图8a示出根据本发明的消融导管的远部的透视图,其中载体组件的一个或多个载体臂保持与套环紧密接近。
图8b为图8a的消融导管的端视图。
图8c为图8a的消融导管的套环的端视图。
图9示出根据本发明的消融导管的远部的透视图,其中载体组件包括可径向展开的齿条,该齿条可展开在两个载体臂之间。
图9a和9b示出图9a的消融导管的远部的侧视图,其中齿条分别处于部分和完全展开状态,为清楚起见,去除了载体臂。
图10示出根据本发明的消融导管的远部的透视图,其中载体组件包括具有固定安装的消融元件的球囊。
图11示出图10的消融导管的远部的侧视图。
图12a示出根据本发明的消融导管的透视图,其中载体组件包括单个载体臂,并且载体组件处于展开状态。
图12b示出图12a的消融导管的远部的透视图,其中载体组件处于完全紧缩状态。
图12c示出图12b的消融导管的远部的透视图,其中载体组件处于部分展开状态。
图13示出根据本发明的消融导管的远部,其中载体组件包括单个载体臂,该载体臂的远端沿不同于近端的轴线连接。
图13a示出图13的导管的远部的侧视图。
图13b示出图13的导管的远部的透视图。
图14示出根据本发明的消融导管的远部的侧剖视图,其中载体组件包括单个载体臂。
图15a示出根据本发明的消融导管的近部的透视图,其包括具有多重控制的手柄。
图15b示出图15a的消融导管的远部的透视图,其中载体组件包括单个载体臂,并且载体组件处于完全紧缩状态。
图15c示出图15a的消融导管的远部的透视图,其中载体组件包括单个载体臂,并且载体组件处于完全展开状态。
图15d示出在被放置为通过跨隔套放置、载体组件展开并接触左上肺静脉口之后的图15a至15c的消融导管。
图16示出根据本发明的消融导管的透视图,其包括第一可展开载体组件和第二可展开载体组件。
图16a示出图16的消融导管的端视图。
图16b示出图16的消融导管的远部的侧剖视图,其中远载体组件接触肺静脉腔,近载体组件接触肺静脉口。
图17示出根据本发明的消融导管的侧视图,其包括载体组件,该载体组件包括单个载体臂,该单个载体臂可完全缩回到该装置的轴腔内。
图17a示出图17的装置的侧剖视图,其中该载体组件完全展开。
图17b示出图17的装置的侧剖视图,其中该载体组件完全紧缩。
图17c示出图17a的装置的端视图。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参考本发明的实施方式,其实施例将结合附图进行说明。只要可能的话,在所有附图中,相同的附图标记将用于表示相同或相似的部件。
本发明提供用于对受治者的目标组织组织进行消融的导管。在优选实施方式中,导管包括管状体构件,该管状体构件具有近端和远端以及优选在近端和远端之间延伸的内腔。导管优选是用于执行心内术的类型,通常从患者腿部的股静脉经皮导入并前进。可选的方法包括经皮导入患者颈部的颈静脉,或者可用于通向患者内的目标位置的其他解剖进入点。导管可优选地通过护套进入,以及可优选地在导引丝上前进。导管优选地具有可操纵的尖端,使得例如当导管的远端需要通向患者心脏的左心房的肺静脉时,远侧部能精确定位。该导管包括消融元件,安装在柔性载体组件的一个或多个载体臂上。选择作为载体组件构造的典型金属包括,但不局限于:不锈钢,镍钛诺(Nitinol),埃尔吉洛伊耐蚀游丝合金(ElgiloyTM),其他合金及其组合。这些消融元件可用于消融和/或标测组织的电活动。载体组件连接至控制轴,该控制轴共轴布置并且滑动收纳在管状体构件的内腔内。通过推进或缩回控制轴而调节载体组件的形状,从而使一个或多个消融元件接合心脏组织,通常为肺静脉口组织。
消融元件的排列,优选几何形状可调节的电极排列,可构造成多种多样的方式和图案。尤其是,本发明提供具有多维电极排列的装置,以及用这些装置用于治疗疾病(例如,心房颤动、室上性心动过速、房性心动过速、室性心动过速、室性心动过速、心室颤动等)的方法,其中该多维电极排列以单极(独极)、双极或单极-双极组合的方式提供电能,例如射频(RF)能量。可选地,将电能传输到组织的消融元件或者与其组合,能够传输其它形式和类型的能量,包括但不局限于:声音能,例如声能和超声能;电磁能,例如电、磁、微波和射频能量;热能,例如热和冷冻能量;化学能,例如通过药物的传输产生的能量;光能,例如红外和可见光能量;机械能和物理能;辐射;和它们的组合。
如上所述,心脏的正常机能依赖于正确的电脉冲产生和传送。在某些心脏病(例如,心房纤颤)中,正确的电脉冲产生和传送被中断或者是其它异常。为了诊断和/或防止不正确的脉冲产生和传送引起不希望的状况,可采用本发明的消融导管。
治疗心脏心律失常的一种通用方法是用导管消融疗法。医生利用导管来获得进入身体内部区域的通道。具有连接的电极排列或其它消融装置的导管用于形成损伤,破坏在心脏组织中的电通路。在心脏节律失常的治疗中,首先定位心脏组织具有异常传导通路例如心房回转通路(atrial rotors)的特定区域,所述异常传导通路发放或传导不规则的电脉冲。使用者(例如,医师)引导导管穿过主静脉或动脉进入心脏准备治疗的内部区域。然后消融元件紧邻设置在准备消融的目标心脏组织附近,例如肺静脉口。在执行电标测程序之后,医师从一个或多个消融元件引导患者外部的源提供的能量,以消融邻近组织,并形成损伤。通常,导管消融疗法的目的是破坏心脏组织中的电通路,以停止发放和/或防止不规则电脉冲的传播,从而治愈心脏异常。为了治疗心房颤动,当前可用的方法和装置表现出只有有限的成功率和/或采用的装置极难使用或者不实用。
本发明的消融导管允许产生合适大小和形状的损伤,来治疗涉及无序电传导的疾病(例如,心房纤颤)。产生的损伤分段并且局限。该损伤可以是直线的或曲线的,圆周的和部分圆周的,和/或连续的或间断的。本发明的消融导管在容易使用并对患者的危险有限、以及明显减少手术时间方面也是实用的。由消融导管产生的损伤适合抑制不恰当的电脉冲在心脏中的传播,以防止折返性心律失常。
本发明的导管能够执行组织消融和/或标测存在于组织中的电信号。用在此描述的标测和/或消融术诊断和治疗例如那些患有心房颤动的患者。本发明的导管特别适用于位于患者心脏左心房中的肺静脉口的标测和消融。这些静脉口直径大约为1.5cm,并且几何形状通常非圆形,尤其当该口附近存在静脉分叉时。本发明的载体组件可包括一个或多个载体臂,该载体臂构造成吻合肺静脉口的这些圆形和非圆形轮廓。一个或多个载体臂或载体臂组可构造成能够独立地推进和缩回,以便正确接合肺静脉口组织。载体臂优选地由镍钛诺制成,并且可以是圆形、椭圆形、三角形、矩形或梯形横截面的几何形状。载体臂可包括复合齿条或角度,以便吻合肺静脉口和周围组织。每个载体臂可包括一个或多个传感器,例如与消融元件整合或安装在两个消融元件之间的温度传感器,以便测量组织温度和/或血液温度。在优选实施方式,当载体组件处于展开、易于传输消融能量的构造时,温度传感器安装在载体臂比最远的消融元件更远的位置上。由温度传感器记录的信息能够被本发明的能量传输单元用作阈值,以避免血液或组织的过热,以及调节功率到目标温度。第一载体臂可具有与第二载体臂不同的性质,例如不同的刚度、不同数量的消融元件、或不同构造的传感器例如温度传感器。
本发明的导管可构造成在预先放置导引丝,例如介入标准的0.035″导引丝上,推进到患者的心脏中。导管可包括占其大部分长度的内腔,导引丝通过该内腔插入,或者导管可包括靠近其远端的相对短的边斗,在那里导引丝通过边斗的内腔插入。在导引丝上的放置使得简化了操作者的定位和重新定位。导引丝的放置还提供稳定性,以便在能量传输期间保持导管的位置,通常为60秒。
本发明的导管构造成穿过预先放置的跨隔套、例如9.5弗伦奇(Fr)可操纵的跨隔套插入。本发明的导管优选包括一体的转向机构,例如一根或多根牵引丝,所述牵引丝固定地连接在导管远部附近并可操作地连接至杆、钮或与导管的手柄成整体的其它控制件。转向能够用于将导管的载体组件和远端偏转进入左心房的左和右肺静脉。一体的导管转向机构能够与可转向的跨隔套结合使用。多根牵引丝能够分开90°固定安装在导管远部中分开的位置上,以提供多轴精确控制的转向。消融导管的管状体构件构造成具有足够的柱状强度和刚度,以允许操作者向近端施加明显的扭矩,等效地转化到导管远部。
本发明包括一个或多个系统,所述系统包括本发明的消融导管。系统还可包括导向导管,例如滑动容纳消融导管的可转向的跨隔套。系统还可包括能量传输单元,例如构造成将RF和/或其它形式的能量传输到导管的消融元件的单元。系统还可包括标测单元,其接收来自消融导管的一个或多个传感器、例如消融导管的消融元件记录的信息。标测单元向系统的操作者提供电活动的信息。标测单元可以与能量传输单元整合。
定义。为了便于理解发明,多个术语定义如下。
用在这里,术语“受治者”和“患者”指的是任何动物,例如哺乳动物,像家畜、宠物并优选人类。“受治者”和“患者”特定的实例包括但不局限于需要医疗救助、尤其是需要房颤导管消融治疗的个体。
用在这里,术语“导管消融”或“消融术”或“消融疗法”及相似的术语指的是通常所说的组织破坏术。消融通常用于治疗若干医学疾病,包括异常心脏节律。它能够手术和非手术执行。非手术的消融通常在称为电生理学(EP)实验室的特殊实验室中执行。在这种非手术程序期间,利用荧光透视法可视地将导管插入到心脏中,然后用能量传输设备将能量引导到心肌。该能量“断开”或“隔离”异常节奏的通道(取决于消融的类型)。它还能够用于断开心脏的上腔(心房)与下腔(心室)之间的传导通路。对于需要心脏外科手术的个体,能够在冠状动脉旁路术或瓣膜手术期间执行消融。
用在这里,术语“消融元件”指的是能量传输元件,例如用于传输电能如RF能量的电极。消融元件能够构造成同时或者顺次传输多种类型的能量,例如超声能量和冷冻能量。电极能够由传导板、线圈或通过接触组织传导电能的其它装置构成。电极可包括层压构造,例如至少一个导电层和至少一个绝缘层。RF电极优选由铂或铂和铱的组合物构成。在单极能量传输中,能量从电极通过组织传导到接地垫,例如连接至患者背部的传导垫。能量在电极位置的高度集中使得局部的组织消融。在双极能量传输中,能量通过相关电极之间的组织,从第一电极传导到对第一电极相对局部的一个或多个分开的电极。双极能量传输产生更精确的浅损伤,而单极传输产生较深的损伤。单极和双极传输都具有优点,而组合它们使用是本申请的优选实施方式。能量还能够利用本领域技术人员所公知的脉冲宽度调整的驱动信号来传输。能量还能够以闭环方式传输,例如具有温度反馈的系统,其中温度改变传输能量的类型、频率和/或幅度。消融元件可具有一种或多种不同的形状,例如围绕例如载体臂的轴安装的管状电极、和例如椭圆形、三角形、矩形和梯形的其它横截面。三角形横截面能够定位成多个侧边接触组织用于增强能量传输,或多个侧边接触例如血液的冷却源用于增强冷却。消融元件可包括散热元件,例如凸出的散热片或其它增加表面积的部分。消融元件优选包括一体的温度传感器,例如由焊接在RF电极中间部分内的铜和康铜丝构成的热电偶。在优选实施方式中,消融元件还能够用于记录和标测组织中的电活动。在可选实施方式中,一个或多个消融元件可构造成仅仅标测电活动,而不构造成传输能量。
用在这里,术语“载体组件”指的是柔性载体,其上设置一个或多个消融元件。载体组件包括一个或多个载体臂。载体组件不局限于任何特定的尺寸或形状,并且能够构造成处于展开和未展开或紧缩的状态。
用在这里,术语“载体臂”指的是能够与电极和控制轴接口连接的线状轴。载体臂不局限于任何尺寸或大小。实例包括但不局限于:不锈钢轴;镍钛诺轴;钛轴;聚氨酯轴;尼龙轴;和钢轴。载体臂能够是整体柔性的,或者可包括柔性和刚性的区段。
用在这里,术语“螺旋尖端”指的是在其完全展开状态构造成盘旋或螺旋形状的载体组件。螺旋尖端在其可包含的螺旋数量方面不受限制。实例包括但不局限于具有一个螺旋、二个螺旋、十个螺旋、和半个螺旋的线状尖端体。螺旋能够位于相对的单个平面中或位于多个平面中。螺旋尖端可构造用于在消融术期间传输能量。
用在这里,术语“损伤”或“消融损伤”和类似的术语指的是已接受消融疗法的组织。实例包括但不局限于疤痕、痂、死组织、烧伤组织和具有以形成高阻力或断开的传导通路的组织。
用在这里,在伞状构造中,术语“伞尖”指的是这样的载体组件,其几何中心位于沿着管状体构件远部轴线的位点上,其中一个或多个可弯曲或铰接的载体臂从该几何中心延伸。每个载体臂可包括一个或多个消融元件。伞尖的每个载体臂包括近臂段和远臂段,当载体组件处于完全展开的状态时,远臂段比近臂段更远。能够包括一个或多个没有消融元件的附加的载体臂,例如用于提供支撑或形成特定偏转的载体臂。伞尖体不局限于任何特定的尺寸。伞尖可构造用于在消融术期间传输能量。
用在这里,术语“载体臂弯曲点”指的是位于载体臂上的接头(例如,连接,弯曲点)。载体臂弯曲点的弯曲程度可从0到360度。弯曲部分能够构造,使得当载体组件完全展开时,弯曲点位于相对的直线部分、弯曲部分或从第一方向向第二转变例如45度的弯曲转变中的离散过渡。弯曲部分可包括一个或多个弯曲装置例如弹簧、减小直径的分段、或增强柔性的分段。
用在这里,术语“能量传输单元”指的是构造成可操作地连接至消融导管并将一种或多种形式的能量传输到消融元件的装置。能量传输单元包括用户界面,该用户界面允许操作者制定涉及施加消融能量的一项或多项设定。能量单元还可以构造成接收来自消融导管的温度信息。温度信息能够提供给操作者和/或用于提供闭环能量传输。能量传输单元可包括遥控装置,其在消融术期间可留在患者的无菌场所中。能量传输单元可接收来自与消融导管一体的操作控制件的信号,启动消融能量的传输。
用在这里,术语“标测单元”指的是构造成可操作地连接至消融导管并接收来自消融导管的消融元件或其它传感器的一个或多个标测信号的装置。
本发明提供包含消融导管的特征的构造。本发明还提供组织消融系统和使用该消融系统的方法。说明性的和优选的实施方式在基于导管的心脏消融的内容中讨论这些构造和技术。这些构造、系统和技术非常适于在心脏消融领域使用。
但是,应意识到的是,本发明可适用于在例如肿瘤消融手术的其它组织消融应用中使用。例如,本发明的多个方面利用未必基于导管的系统具有在以下手术中的应用,该手术消融前列腺(prostrate)、大脑、胆囊、子宫及身体的其它部位中组织的消融术,优选具有可进入的壁或平坦组织表面的区域,所用的系统不必基于导管。
本发明的多功能导管具有超过先前现有技术装置的优点。图1至17示出本发明多功能导管的多个优选实施方式。本发明不局限于这些特定构造。
图1示出具有伞尖的本发明消融导管的优选实施方式,其中载体组件包括构造成正确接合肺静脉口的多个载体臂。消融导管50和本申请的其它导管装置由适合通过患者的脉管系统经皮前进、并适于在患者的心脏内游弋的生物相容材料构成。各种管状体构件和轴由挤出材料例如Pebax、硅树脂、聚氨酯、聚合体、弹性体、柔性塑料和它们的组合构成。消融导管50包括远尖端94,由对组织无损伤的材料制成并且显示进入肺静脉15的内腔,以便提供稳定和/或锚定功能。消融导管50还包括外轴76,该外轴优选具有8至9Fr的直径,并构造成通过该术提供足够的稳定性和扭矩。消融导管50包括本发明的载体组件,即载体组件85,其包括安装到远载体臂88的多个消融元件92。
载体组件85的消融元件92和其它部件构造成弯曲的,以吻合肺静脉口和其它适用组织。外轴76能够向前推进以改变载体组件85的形状并使一个或多个消融元件92接触组织。外轴76滑动容纳与近载体臂86固定连接的内轴78。远载体臂88固定地连接至帽15和控制轴84的远端。近载体臂86枢转连接至远载体臂88,使得控制轴84相对于内管78的推进和缩回分别导致载体组件85的直径缩回和展开,从而使得载体组件展开为4至5mm的直径。内轴78还提供柱状强度,以允许操作者推进内轴78并使得载体组件85正确接触组织,从而吻合非圆形的肺静脉口。内轴78优选在其远端附近连接至牵引丝(未示出),该牵引丝可操作地连接至装置50近端上的控制件,以允许操作者可控制地偏转装置50的远部。
外轴76的远端包括轴端82,该轴端82构造成当载体组件85缩回时径向展开。外轴76的近端优选包括手柄(未示出),但包括例如钮或杆的一个或多个控制件,以便推进和缩回内轴78和控制轴84。装置50的近端包括用于连接至能量传输单元和/或标测单元的一个或多个连接器。在可选实施方式中,一个或多个近控制臂86连接至第二控制轴,使得能够调节载体组件85几何形状的对称性,以便与不对称的肺静脉口吻合。在另一可选实施方式中,装置50构造成在预先放置的导引丝上插入。
现在参考图2a和2b,示出图1的装置50的远部。图2a描绘完全展开的载体组件85,其中内轴78完全推进。图2b描绘内轴78部分缩回,使得近臂85被轴端82包住并被径向压缩,该轴端82如所示展开,以形成载体组件85顺利转换为外轴76的内腔。
现在参考图3,示出本发明的消融导管,其包括沿着单轴顺次设置的两个载体组件,每个载体组件呈伞尖构造。消融导管40包括伸长管,外轴36,优选由Pebax材料构成并且直径大约6至8Fr,其滑动地容纳第一控制轴48。第一控制轴48在其远部连接至第一载体组件45,该第一载体组件45包括构造成传输能量的多个载体臂和消融元件。第一控制轴48的近端(未示出)连接至消融导管40近端的控制件上,所述控制件构造成令操作者精确推进和缩回第一控制轴48。
第一控制轴48在其远端包括环52,该环52固定地将每个载体臂远段44的一端连接至第一控制轴48。每个载体臂远段44在其相对端枢转连接至载体臂近段42的一端。每个臂近段42的相对端经环38固定连接至外轴36的远端。载体臂远段44和臂近段42由例如镍钛诺的柔性材料构成,并且能够在直线或伞尖构造中弹性位移。第一控制轴48的推进和缩回改变了载体组件45的直径,包括当第一控制轴48完全推进时的完全紧缩(最小直径)的径向状态,和当第一控制轴48完全缩回时的最大直径状态。
消融元件RF电极46固定地安装到臂远段44,构造成将能量传输到组织,以形成用于破坏组织中异常电通路的损伤。电极46包括散热片64,构造成在能量传输期间驻留在血流中,并且把热量散到循环血液中。如上所述,电极46构造成传输单极、双极或单极和双极组合的RF能量。电极46优选包括一体的温度传感器,例如焊接到电极46内部的热电偶。电极46和任何一体的温度或其它传感器连接至未示出的丝线,该丝线向近端穿行至消融导管40的近部,用于连接至能量传输单元、标测单元和/或其他用于发送或接收信号和/或能量的电子装置。
第一控制轴48滑动容纳第二控制轴57。第二控制轴57在其远部连接至第二载体组件55,该第二载体组件55包括构造成标测电活动的多个载体臂和消融元件。第二控制轴48未示出的近端连接至消融导管50近端上的控制件,该控制件构造成允许操作者精确推进和缩回第二控制轴57。第二控制轴57在其远端包括尖端62,该尖端62固定地将每个载体臂远段56的一端连接至第二控制轴57。尖端62优选柔软或弹性材料构成,例如选择对组织无损伤的软质塑料或弹性体,并且优选不透辐射,例如掺有硫酸钡的Pebax材料。远尖端62构造成有助于游弋入肺静脉中以及在肺静脉内的稳定。远侧尖端62包括导引丝腔63,其与第二控制轴57的内腔流体连通,内腔延伸到消融导管40的近部并离开消融导管40的近侧部,使得消融导管40能够在导引丝上经皮插入患者的脉管系统中。
每个载体臂远段56在其相对端与载体臂近段54的一端枢转连接。每个臂近段54的相对端经环52固定连接至第一控制轴48的远端。载体臂远段56和臂近段54由例如镍钛诺的柔性材料构成,并且能够在直线或伞状构造中弹性位移。第二控制轴57的推进和缩回改变载体组件55的直径,包括当第二控制轴57完全推进时的完全紧缩的(最小直径)径向状态,和当第二控制轴57完全缩回时的最大直径状态。
消融元件标测电极58固定安装到臂远段44,构造成对目标区域标测存在于组织中的电活动,用于形成损伤和/或其它方式评价患者的状态。电极58由例如铂或铂和铱的组合物的传导材料构成。电极58优选包括一体的温度传感器,例如焊接到电极58内部的热电偶。电极58和任何一体的温度或其它传感器连接至未示出的丝线,该丝线向近侧延伸至消融导管40的近部,用于连接至标测单元、能量传输单元和/或其他发送或接收信号和/或能量的电子装置。
图3的消融导管40在其近端包括未示出的手柄,但该手柄优选为参考图4描述的类型并包括多个控制件,以允许操作者:推进和缩回第一控制轴48;推进和缩回第二控制轴57;启动能量传输到一个或多个电极46或58;操作能量传输单元或标测单元(均未示出)的用户界面;或执行另一种功能。手柄包括退出部分,通过它,导引丝,例如已放置到患者肺静脉中的导引丝能够退出。载体组件55定好大小,使其能够接合肺静脉的内腔壁,而载体组件45定好大小和足够的柔韧性,使得其能够接合肺静脉口,包括非圆形孔。外轴36由满足需要的材料构成,并且可以操纵手柄向载体组件55和/或载体组件45施加吻合力。第一控制轴48和第二控制轴57都构造成传递足够的扭矩,以允许操作者分别精确地旋转定位载体组件45和载体组件55。
在可选实施方式中,近载体组件45的消融元件46可构造成附加地或可选地标测组织中的电活动。在另一可选实施方式中,远载体组件55的消融元件58可构造成附加地或可选地传输能量,例如RF能量。在另一可选实施方式中,载体组件45和/或载体组件55的载体臂可包括传感器,例如温度热电偶,放置在电极内或安装到距电极某一距离处、例如两个电极中间的载体臂上。环38和环52优选由可压缩材料制成,例如在制造过程中能够被卷曲的金属。在可选的或其他的实施方式中,可使用粘合剂将一个或多个载体臂固定到轴上。可使用一种或多种粘合剂连接远尖端62。
现在参考图4,示出本发明的消融导管,其包括图3消融导管的双载体组件。消融导管40包括管状体构件、外轴36,外轴36在其远端包括近载体组件45和远载体组件55,这已经参考图3详细描述。外轴36的近端连接至手柄66,该手柄66包括多个控制件:滑块67、滑块68和按钮69。滑块67可操作地连接至第一控制轴48。滑块68可操作地连接至第二控制轴57。滑块67和68的移动改变第一载体组件45和第二载体组件55的几何形状,这已经参考图3详细描述。多种类型的机械机构能够结合到手柄66中,以便可操作地推进一个或多个控制轴,例如线性滑块、例如连接至凸轮组件的钮的旋钮或旋转杆、和用于使轴向前和退后的其它机构。按钮69用于例如当第一载体组件45相对肺静脉口定位并且消融导管40电连接至未示出的能量传输单元时,开始传输能量。
手柄60包括两个尾辫,一个终止于Luer接头74而另一引线以电连接器72终止。Luer接头74与退出尖端62的导引丝腔63流体连通,使得消融导管40能够在经导引丝上推进到患者的脉管系统中。电连接器72包括用于多根丝线的多个连接点,所述多根丝线在外轴36内延伸并连接至消融元件和一个或多个传感器,例如包括在第一载体组件45和第二载体组件55中的温度传感器。电连接器72构造成电连接至下列中的一个或多个:能量传输单元;标测单元;电子装置,该电子装置用于接收和/或传送信号和/或能量,例如从消融导管40的温度或其它生理传感器的信号;和它们的组合。
现在参考图5,示出本发明的消融导管,其中呈圆形图案的超声晶体向前引导超声能量。消融导管20包括外轴22,该外轴22滑动地容纳控制轴24,两者都具有与本申请通篇描述的管状体构件和其它轴类似的构造。载体组件25安装到控制轴24,该载体组件25包括近载体臂26和远载体臂28。近载体臂26和远载体臂28由例如镍钛诺丝的柔性材料制成,并且在所示的几何形状或不同的几何形状例如与血管插入相容的径向紧缩几何形状中弹性位移。每个近载体臂26一端固定连接至控制轴24。每个近载体臂26的相对端枢转连接至远载体臂28的末端。每个远载体臂28的相对端在更远的位置固定连接至控制轴24,使得实现直角构造。第一近臂26和相连的远臂28的配对距第二近臂26和相连的远臂28的配对呈180°连接,如图5所示。两个配对用于接触肺静脉口30,也如图所示。可包括其他的载体臂配对,例如以90°分开的总共四对。
远载体臂28的远侧,是中心臂32,其构造成将控制轴24置于肺静脉口中心和/或例如在传输标测电活动的消融能量期间,使消融导管20的远部稳定。中心臂32具有与载体臂26和28相似的构造,例如圆形或平坦的镍钛诺带。可选地或除中心臂32以外,控制轴24的远部可包括可膨胀的球囊,所述球囊构造成将控制轴24置于中心和/或锚定控制轴24。未示出的中心球囊可包括一个或多个标测和/或能量传输元件。消融导管20的中心和/或稳定元件,例如中心臂32、可膨胀的球囊或其它类似功能的元件,可整合到本申请通篇描述的其它消融装置和导管中。当进入非圆形的肺静脉口时,这些稳定和中心元件尤其有用。
标测元件34固定安装到中心臂32,电极构造成记录组织中发现的电活动。控制轴24包括导引丝腔31,其离开控制轴24的远端并向近侧延伸且离开消融导管20的近部。在优选的方法中,消融导管20在预先放置的导引丝上推进,该导引丝其远端放置在患者的肺静脉中。
固定安装到外轴24的是超声晶体21,管状的能量传输元件,构造成沿着圆锥形路径、例如沿着近载体臂26的轨迹(图5所示的虚线)传输超声能量。能量传输的向量将形成围绕肺静脉口的相对圆形图案的损伤。在可选实施例中,超声晶体可构造成呈扇形(小于360°)提供能量,并且由操作者在消融之间旋转并重新定位载体组件25,以顺次形成完全周向的损伤。
控制轴24的推进和缩回能够用于改变载体组件25的直径,例如其中载体组件25的近部包在外轴22的腔中的缩回。中心臂32优选连接至未示出的控制轴,使得中心臂能够展开和收缩。在具有中心和/或稳定球囊、或其它类似功能的元件的可选实施方式中,元件的尺寸构造成从消融导管的近端受控制(例如,展开和收缩)。
现在参考图6,示出本发明的消融导管,其中一个或多个载体臂能够沿着外轴远部的轴旋转。消融导管60包括外轴96、环98、环102、载体组件105、环109和尖端106,它们都包括类似于参考以上描述的消融导管使用的相同或相似部件的组件、材料、构造和功能。载体组件包括多个近载体臂112,其每个一端固定连接至环102。近载体臂112每一个在它们的相对端枢转连接至远载体臂114的一端。每个远载体臂114的相对端经环109固定地连接至控制轴101,使得控制轴101相对于外轴96的推进使载体组件105改变形状。控制轴101的完全推进使载体组件105转换到紧缩的最小直径构造,而控制轴101的缩回使得载体组件105转换到最大直径构造,从而用于紧缩肺静脉口。
载体组件105还包括可旋转臂,该可旋转臂包括臂远段108和臂近段104。臂远段108的一端经环109可旋转地连接至控制轴101。臂远段108的相对端枢转地连接至臂近段104。臂近段104的相对端固定连接至环98,该环98又固定连接至未示出但近向延伸至控制件(例如手柄上的杆或钮)的控制轴,该控制件构造成允许操作者精确旋转载体臂104。
控制轴101的远端包括尖端106,该尖端106优选由对组织无损伤的柔性材料制成。尖端106包括导引丝腔107,该导引丝腔107近向延伸和离开消融导管60的近部,使得消融导管60能够在预先放置的导引丝,例如如上文所述放置到肺静脉中的导引丝上,透皮推进。
每个远载体臂114包括构造成将能量传输给组织的多个消融元件116。消融元件116的远侧是构造成记录存在于组织中的电信号的标测元件118。远载体臂108包括构造成将能量传输给组织的多个消融元件115。消融元件115的远侧是构造成记录存在于组织中的电信号的标测元件113。近载体臂104能够旋转并保持与静止的载体臂同中心,使得臂远段108上的消融元件115能够在静止的远载体臂114上,定位在距一个或多个消融元件116特定的距离处。通过旋转的定位能够用于获得特定长度或其它特征的损伤,尤其是当双极能量在消融元件115和一个或多个消融元件116之间传输时。该构造在产生每次一个扇形造成的连续损伤中,提供简化使用。还能够进行臂近段104和臂远段114的旋转,以便更准确匹配非圆形肺静脉口的轮廓。
在可选实施方式中,消融导管60包括多个可旋转的载体臂,例如连接至单独的或成组的控制轴的载体臂,使得多个载体臂和它们一体的消融元件能够旋转,以改变载体组件的几何形状。
现在参考图7,示出具有消融组件的消融导管,该消融组件包括多个载体臂,其中一些能够相对于其它载体臂再定位。消融导管70包括外轴130、第一控制轴121、第二控制轴122、载体组件125和环136,它们都包括与根据上述消融导管使用的相同或相似部件相类似的组件、材料、构造和功能。载体组件125包括多个载体臂,所述载体臂包括臂近段124、124a和124b,每一个都分别枢转连接至臂远段126、126a和126b。臂近段124和臂远段126、126a和126b如上所述,在它们的相对端固定连接,使得控制轴121的推进和缩回分别减小和增加载体组件125的直径。
消融导管70还包括第二控制轴122,该第二控制轴122至少在其远部是中空的,并围绕臂近段124a和124b,使得控制轴122的推进使得每个都包括消融元件128和标测元件132的臂近段124a和124b彼此相对运动,改变载体组件125的几何形状,类似于参考图6描述的通过旋转载体臂所引起的几何形状改变。控制轴121和控制轴122优选可操作地连接至控制件,例如在消融导管70近端上的钮或杆。可进行一个或多个载体臂的重新定位,以增加或减小消融元件、标测电极或其它臂式安装的传感器或转换器之间的距离。也可进行臂的重新定位,以便更好地与各种肺静脉解剖、例如具有非圆形口的肺静脉吻合。
图7的消融装置70还包括优选具有导引丝状构造的细长软尖端134,以帮助进入例如肺静脉腔的孔,或者在标测或消融术期间保持稳定。在可选实施方案中,消融装置70包括从装置的远部到装置的近部的导引丝腔。
现在参考图8a,示出本发明的消融导管,其中多个载体臂由环,例如可推进环,保持在固定的位置。消融导管90包括外轴138、控制轴141、载体组件145和尖端154,它们都包括与根据以上描述的消融导管使用的相同或相似部件相类似的组件、材料、构造和功能。载体组件145包括臂近段144,该近侧臂分段144枢转地连接至臂远段146。每个臂远段146包括多个消融电极147和消融电极147远侧的标测传感器148。载体组件145还包括多个载体臂156,该载体臂156如图所示可以没有电极,或可包括一个或多个标测或消融电极、或其它传感器或转换器。
还参考图8c,每个载体臂近段周向定位在环142的凹槽246中。载体臂156类似地定位在环142的凹槽256中。环142优选连接至未示出的控制轴,使得该控制轴的推进相应地改变载体组件145的几何形状。控制轴141的缩回改变载体组件145的直径,这已在上文详细描述。图8b示出图8a消融导管90的端视图,示出臂远段146和载体臂156的旋转取向。载体臂156定位成与两组三个远载体臂146正交,从而提供对远载体臂146的定位和径向支撑。能够为处理各种肺静脉组织轮廓提供各种载体臂构造。环142可将消融元件147和/或标测元件148保持得紧密邻近。
在可选实施方式中,环142不可推进(未连接至控制轴),但包括有凹槽256和凹槽246,以便当例如将力施加到外轴138时,例如借助手柄,保持远载体臂146和载体臂156的旋转取向,该力传递到载体组件145。
现在参考图9,示出本发明的消融导管,其中可推进的齿条能够径向的展开,以改进或以另外方式改变载体组件的结构和刚度。消融导管90b包括外轴138、控制轴141、载体组件95和尖端154,它们都包括与根据上述消融导管使用的相同或相似部件相类似的组件、材料、构造和功能。载体组件95包括伞尖构造中的多个载体臂156,其一个或多个包括未全部示出的消融元件、其它传感器或转换器。当控制轴141推进和缩回时(例如,经近手柄上的控制件,二者都未示出),载体组件95如以上所描述,分别收缩和展开。控制轴141滑动地容纳可推进的齿条164,该齿条164的远端驻留在控制轴141的凹部162中。齿条164的推进使得其远端从控制轴141径向延伸出来,如图9a(部分延伸)和图9b(完全延伸)所示。在优选实施方式中,齿条164能够推进到载体臂156的最大直径。在可选实施方式中,齿条164能够推进到大于载体臂156最大直径的直径。推进齿条164以改变载体组件95的性能特性,从而改变施加到组织的支撑力。在可选实施方式中,齿条164包括一个或多个消融元件(例如,RF电极)或其它传感器或转换器。
现在参考图10和11,示出本发明的消融导管,其中载体组件包括可膨胀的球囊,该可膨胀的球囊具有安装在其外表面上或嵌入其外表面中的多个消融元件。消融导管100包括载体组件175,该载体组件175包括球囊174和电极172,例如RF消融或电信号标测电极。消融导管100还包括细长的管状体外轴166,其包括从其远部到球囊174内腔的膨胀腔176。将球囊174密封并固定连接至外轴166的远部。例如空气或盐水的流体通过外轴166的膨胀腔的通道使球囊174膨胀,并且只要保持流体压力便保持在膨胀状态。球囊174可以是顺应性或非顺应性的球囊,并且尽管示出为圆盘或圆环形,但可具有特定模仿肺静脉口和从该肺静脉口延伸的组织的轮廓。
中心柱168从远端并且与外轴166同轴地延伸,该中心柱168从球囊174的近端穿到远端,并包括构造成与肺静脉腔相接合的突起。在优选实施方式中,包括从消融导管100的远端到近侧部的导引丝腔,使得消融导管可以在导引丝,例如预先放置在肺静脉口中或其它可适用的孔中的导引丝上推进。通过操作者由轴166向球囊174施加力,并将消融能量传递到电极172和/或从电极172记录电活动,能够完成标测和/或消融术。
现在参考图12a,示出本发明的消融导管,其中载体组件包括能够定位到可调节的部分圆周(小于360°)环中的单个载体臂,用于消融和/或标测组织。消融装置180包括细长的管状体构件,外轴182,其具有足够的柱强度和扭转强度,以支承标准介入术,例如从股静脉或动脉通向脉管系统并通向患者心脏的介入术。外轴182由例如Pebax的生物相容材料构成,并且优选包括内带(braid),例如不锈钢304带。外轴182的近部优选由Pebax7233D制成,外轴182的远部优选由Pebax55/3533D制成。外轴182经由应力减轻件181固定连接至手柄195。
外轴182的远端之后为控制轴184和载体组件185,该载体组件185包括单个载体臂186。可通过操纵手柄195上的控制件,例如旋钮193,推进和/或缩回控制轴184和载体臂186中的至少一个。在优选实施方式中,载体臂186的近端例如借助卷曲和/或粘合剂固定地连接至外轴182的远部,外轴184由外轴182滑动地接纳并且可操作地连接至旋钮193。载体臂185优选由例如镍钛诺的弹性材料制成,该弹性材料覆盖有由Pebax制成的套管,该载体臂185沿其长度包括一个或多个电极188。电极188可包括所示的散热片。电极188优选由铂制成,并且长度通常为3mm,同时间隔1至4mm,间距均衡或不均衡。在图12a至12c中示出四个电极188。优选四个(4)至十六个(16)电极188,通常为八个(8)至十个(10)。存在多个通常均匀分布的电极使操作员能够快速识别有问题的目标区域(不希望的电活动),并且快速产生损伤(消融)。载体组件185的多个电极几何形状、精确的环路控制、和定位的容易性(包括在导引丝上定位和锚定),能够对例如心房纤颤的心脏律动紊乱进行简化的定制的诊断和治疗。
电极188可用于传递消融能量,用于标测电活动,和/或用于执行例如心脏起搏的其他功能。可选地或另外地,载体臂185可包括不同类型的传感器和/或转换器,例如可应用于脉管口以执行诊断和/或治疗功能的传感器或转换器。载体臂185的远端固定连接至控制轴184的远端,该连接点由尖端192包住。尖端192是不产生损伤的材料和构造,例如Pebax尖端,其掺有硫酸钡,以便不透射线。尖端192包括导引丝腔191,是近向延伸通过控制轴184并且在导引丝出口孔199离开手柄195的通孔,其构造使得消融装置180可经皮在导引丝上前进,该导引丝的远端插入患者的肺静脉中。
手柄195,优选由例如聚碳酸酯的塑料制成,并且包括杆196,该杆196可操作地连接至未示出的一根或多根牵引丝,该牵引丝在外轴182腔内延伸并且连接在轴182的远端附近。可包括多根牵引丝,例如在轴182的远端附近以90°彼此径向分离地连接的两根牵引丝。两根牵引丝可沿轴182的轴线连接在相同的纵向位置,或者可以偏移。对杆196的操纵使消融导管180的远部在一个或多个平面中偏转,使得临床医生可将尖端192操纵到肺静脉或例如冠状窦或其他脉管的其他口中。
手柄195还包括插头198,该插头198构造成与一个或多个分离装置电连接,该分离装置例如能量传输单元,该能量传输单元构造成将消融能量传输至电极188和/或从例如与电极188成整体的热电偶的一个或多个温度传感器接收温度信号;标测单元,构造成从一个或多个电极188接收电信号;起搏单元,构造成将电能传输至电极188,以便对患者心脏进行起搏;或其他装置,例如接收信号和/或传递信号至载体组件185的一个或多个功能元件的装置。未示出的丝线连接至插头198,并且穿过手柄195、穿过外轴182延伸,连接至电极188和与电极188成整体的任何其他传感器或转换器,或者连接至载体臂186。丝线可位于载体臂186的外表面上,或者在载体臂186的内腔内延伸,从而通过侧孔离开以连接至电极188。
另外参考图12b,载体组件185示出为线性构造,使得消融装置180可通过患者的脉管系统在管腔内前进。载体组件185通过例如借助手柄195的旋钮193推进控制轴184来处于该线性构造。现在参考图12c,控制轴184被缩回,载体组件185转变为部分圆周(小于360°)环。控制轴184的前进和缩回调节环的几何形状,其中完全的前进产生近似线性的构造,缩回使载体组件185的直径增大。载体组件185的优选的最大直径通常为15-32mm,以容纳肺静脉口(包括非圆形口)附近变化的解剖轮廓。本发明简化的改良环控制允许操作员快速地定位。在优选实施方式中,载体臂186以螺旋构造弹性偏压(例如对镍钛诺部件进行热处理)。在可选实施方式中,载体臂186以近似线性构造被弹性偏压。在载体臂186包括由套管围绕的丝线的构造中,可通过丝线或套管提供弹性偏压。
在另一个可选实施方式中,载体臂186的近端在如下位置处离开外轴182,该位置与载体臂186连接至控制轴184的远端的位置径向偏离大约90°,这种偏移连接提供了控制轴184的缩回期间形成环的偏压。
载体组件185可包括360°或以上的环。在另一个可选实施方式中,外轴182可包括机械键以维持控制轴184和/或载体臂186的旋转取向。控制轴184可在其远端附近包括连接环,例如用于连接至载体臂186的近端。在另一个优选实施方式中,载体组件185包括至少一个温度传感器,该温度传感器比传递消融能量的最远的消融元件更远,从而始终监测最远侧(例如在肺静脉腔内)的温度(例如防止形成肺静脉狭窄)。在图12a至12c的构造中,控制轴184和载体臂186都离开外轴182的远端。在可选实施方式中,控制轴184或载体臂186之一或者两者离开外轴182的侧孔(未示出,但是在外轴182的远端附近)。在另一个可选实施方式中,控制轴184可旋转,例如借助手柄195上控制件,以进一步改变载体组件185的几何形状。
现在参考图13,13a和13b,示出图12a的消融导管。在图13中,消融导管180示出具有采用线性构造的载体组件185,例如用于在导引丝12上推进消融导管180,例如在插入股静脉中的导引丝上在管腔内前进,并且通过隔膜分离的右心房和左心房(例如通过跨隔套)延伸至心脏,以及进入肺静脉,例如左上肺静脉。通过推进控制轴184,例如通过如上所述地操纵装置180手柄上的控制件,载体组件185处于该线性的最紧缩的构造。载体臂186包括电极188。载体臂186具有经卷曲环194固定连接至外轴182的近端。载体臂186的远端在径向位置固定连接至控制轴184,该径向位置与其近端连接偏离90°(如图13所示),使得当控制轴184缩回时,载体组件185如图13a和13b所示地径向扩展。控制轴184的远端覆盖有不产生损伤的尖端192,该尖端192包括与内部导引丝腔相连通的出口孔,该内部导引丝腔未示出,但是导引丝12通过它穿行。
现在参考图14,示出图12a的消融导管的优选构造。消融导管180包括载体组件186,该载体组件186包括单个载体臂186,该载体臂186的几何形状通过推进和缩回控制轴184而调节,如上详细所述。载体臂186包括由外套管203围绕的丝线轴202,该丝线轴202优选为镍钛诺或其他形状记忆合金或聚合物,外套管203优选为Pebax或其他生物相容的软性材料。套管203可执行一种或多种功能,包括但不局限于:包住在丝线202和和套管203之间的一根或多根丝线;作为绝缘体;提供不产生损伤的边界(例如覆盖丝线202的任何尖锐边缘);以及其组合。丝线轴202优选地以所示的环几何形状被弹性偏压。载体臂186的近端经环194固定地连接至外轴182。可选地或者另外地,例如氰丙烯酸酯的粘合剂可用于固定。在可选实施方式中,环194还作为电极,例如标测电极和/或消融电极。
在载体臂186的远端处,载体臂186固定地连接至盖192和控制轴184的远端。盖192具有对组织无损伤的柔性构造,并且优选地由Pebax制成,该Pebax掺有硫酸钡以不透射线。导引丝腔201在通过控制轴184内之后离开盖192。导引丝腔201由编织管围绕,该编织管优选由Nylon制成并且编有不锈钢丝。导引丝腔201近向延伸至手柄上的出口孔,该出口孔未示出,但是在上文中进行了详细描述。
电极188固定安装至载体臂186,例如利用氰基丙烯酸酯(或其他粘合剂)珠204。每个电极188优选包括热电偶,该热电偶未示出,但是优选为焊接至电极188内表面的铜-康铜丝线连接。每个电极以及任何包括的热电偶连接至一根或多根丝线(该连接未示出),该一根或多根丝线与其他丝线成组形成丝线束210,该丝线束210近向延伸并连接至消融导管180近端上的电部件。载体臂184可包括其他的传感器或转换器,其中一些传感器或转换器还可连接至包括在丝线束210中的丝线,这些传感器或转换器相对例如肺静脉口组织的组织放置,以在患者中执行诊断或治疗术。
图14还示出外轴182的远部的优选构造。远段205近向邻接环194,该远段205优选由Pebax5533或6333制成。铰接段206近向邻接远段205,铰接段206近向的是壁212。铰接段206优选由比远段205和壁212更柔软的材料(software material)制成,例如Pebax3533。第二锚定环211安装在铰接段206内,该第二锚定环211为固定连接至两个(2)牵引丝209的金属(例如不锈钢)环。牵引丝209近向延伸并且连接至与手柄成整体的钮、杆或其它控制件,这些都未示出,但是可操作地构造成在多个平面中偏转消融导管180的远端。壁212围绕编织带207,编织带207围绕衬里208。编织带207为提供柱状和扭转支承的标准导管编织带,其优选由例如304不锈钢的不锈钢制成。衬里208优选由Teflon或另一种润滑材料制成,允许例如控制轴184和牵引丝209的一根或多根轴滑动地接纳在轴182的内腔内,而没有明显的阻力。
现在参考图15a至15d,示出图12a的消融导管。消融导管180包括外轴182、控制轴184、环194、载体组件185和尖端192,所有这些都包括与根据上述消融导管所用的相同或相似部件相似的部件、材料、构造和功能。图15a示出近部,包括手柄,该手柄优选由例如聚碳酸酯的塑料制成。手柄195包括杆196和滑块197,它们是由操作员用于调节载体组件的控制件,使导管180的远部偏转和/或执行其他功能。手柄195固定连接至轴182。从手柄195延伸的是带有198的尾辫,所述198是电连接器,其将信号线和电源线连接至消融导管的一个或多个部件,例如消融电极、标测电极和热电偶。
现在参考图15b,示出导管180的远端包括外轴182的远端。图15b示出载体组件185处于其紧缩的线性构造,可用于在导丝上管腔内推进消融导管180,从而到达图15d所示的左上肺静脉。再参考图15b,控制轴184已经完全推进,从而载体臂186靠控制轴184拉紧。控制轴184在其远端包括尖端192。导引丝腔191在尖端192内,通过导引丝腔191,可以插入例如0.035″的导引丝的介入导引丝。如上详细所述,构造载体臂185,使得在控制轴184缩回之后,载体臂186横向延伸为图15c所示的环形构造。
另外参考图15d,示出利用本申请所述的装置和方法要实现的治疗。图15d显示人类心脏10的断面图,显示了心脏的主要结构,包括左和右心房,以及肺静脉15。房间隔分离左和右心房。卵圆窝为房间隔中的小凹陷,其可用作从右心房至左心房的通道,例如利用跨隔刺穿装置和跨隔套。卵圆窝可被刺穿,并且容易在手术完成之后重新缝合和愈合。当患者患有心房纤颤时,可在心房壁以及肺静脉15中发现异常的导电组织。称为致心律失常局灶(也称为驱动或回转)的这些区域的消融,是对心房纤颤的有效治疗。本发明的导管提供产生损伤的装置,包括围绕肺静脉口的损伤,并且容易展开以识别和消融驱动和回转组织。
为了实现上述情况,导管180优选通过下腔静脉,如图所示,或者通过上腔静脉插入右心房。导管180为了通过患者的脉管系统推进而定尺寸,例如在插入的(轴)直径大约为9Fr的情况下,轴长度大约为115cm,总长度通常为158cm。导管180通过跨隔套11,该跨隔套11可以是或可以不是可偏转的护套,这是因为导管180优选包括可偏转的远部。当进入左心房时,跨隔套11例如在可由越隔刺穿装置布置的导引丝12上通过或穿过卵圆窝。导管180在导引丝12上插入并且通过跨隔套11,使得其远端进入右上肺静脉15的内腔。轴182的远部偏转使得轴182的远端引向肺静脉15a的内腔。导管180携带载有携带例如RF电极的多个消融元件的结构-载体组件185,进入左心房。载体组件185已变为通过缩回控制轴184而扩展为最大直径,使得多个消融元件(消融和/或标测元件),即电极188接触肺静脉口组织。载体组件185适合于变形,使得将载体组件压入肺静脉15口将使一个或多个,优选为所有的电极188接触待分析和/或消融的组织。每个电极188通过连接丝线和例如插头198的一个或多个连接器连接至能量传输设备,该能量传输设备未示出,但是优选为RF能量传输单元,该RF能量传输单元也连接至膜片电极,该膜片电极也未示出,但是优选为连接至患者背部的导电垫。
能量传输单元构造成以单极、双极或单极-双极组合的能量传输模式,同时地或连续地、存在或不存在“中断”或没有能量传输时间段地传输RF能量。在优选实施方式中,能量传输单元200构造成还提供组织的电标测,该组织由与载体组件185成整体的一个或多个电极接触。可选地,可使用单独的标测单元,该标测单元优选连接至导管180,并且同时连接至能量传输单元。电极188还可构造成可与载体组件185成整体的标测电极和/或其他电极,以提供标测功能。载体组件185构造成在肺静脉口表面上接合,以标测和/或消融表面上的组织。在利用标测程序证实电极188的正确位置之后,传输能量。如果状态确定为不充分,则操作员可调节载体组件185的形状(例如通过控制轴184的推进或缩回),和/或操作员可通过对消融导管180的近端进行多种操作而相对组织重新定位载体组件185。在完成消融步骤之后,消融导管180被重新定位,并且改变或不改变载体组件185的几何形状,并执行相似的标测和消融步骤。对于每个肺静脉口,该重新定位将通常进行两次至三次,从而产生优选为重叠的半圆形损伤。轴182的远部借助于手柄195的控制件的可操纵性是该重新定位过程中的重要功能。在通常的手术中,临床医生将首先在左上肺静脉中执行消融,随后为右上肺静脉,左下肺静脉,然后为右下肺静脉。
在优选实施方式中,能量传输单元构造成将RF能量和超声能量传输至相同的或不同的电极188。在另一个优选实施方式中,能量传输单元构造成从与未示出的消融导管180成整体的一个或多个传感器接收信号,使得能量传输可通过处理从一个或多个传感器接收的信息的运算法则改变。
在可选实施方式中,导引丝插过处于轴182的远部的边斗,从而避免在导引丝上穿过整个装置的需要。在另一个可选实施方式中,载体臂186连接至第二控制轴,也由外轴182滑动地接纳以及连接至手柄195上的控制件,使得可通过推进和缩回第二控制轴或控制轴184而调节载体组件185的几何形状。该双控制轴设计还允许载体组件完全缩回到控制轴182的远端内,如根据下面的图17所示。
现在参考图16,示出本发明的消融导管,其包括第一可展开载体组件和更远的第二可展开载体组件,其中第一可展开载体组件包括多个消融电极,第二可展开载体组件包括多个标测电极。消融导管400包括外轴410,第一控制轴411,第二控制轴412,第一载体组件430a,第二载体组件430b和尖端415,所有这些都包括与根据上述消融导管所用的相同或相似部件相似的部件、材料、构造和功能。外轴410优选为包括编织带413的编织构造,滑动地接纳第一控制轴410,该第一控制轴410又滑动地接纳第二控制轴411。外轴410通过应力减轻件426固定地连接至手柄420。不产生损伤的尖端415固定地连接至第二控制轴412的远端。导引丝腔416离开尖端415,并且近向延伸,通过第二控制轴412、第一控制轴411和外轴410至手柄420,在此导引丝内腔416经导引丝入口424离开,使得消融导管400可在先前放置的导引丝上经皮引入患者内。
第一载体组件430a包括单个载体臂,即第一载体臂433,该第一载体臂433在其远端固定连接至第一控制轴411的远端,并且在其近端固定连接至外轴410的远端。第一控制轴411在其近端可操作地连接至第一可推进钮421,使得钮421的推进和缩回使第一控制轴411推进和缩回。第一控制轴411的推进和缩回分别使第一载体组件430a收缩和展开,如上所述。第一控制轴411的完全推进使第一载体组件430a具有最小直径(完全约束为接近线性构造),控制轴411的完全缩回使第一载体组件430a具有最大直径。第一载体组件430a包括电极431,每个电极431优选至少构造成向组织传输消融能量。
第二载体组件430b包括单个载体臂,即第二载体臂434,该第二载体臂434在其远端固定连接至第二控制轴412的远端,并且在其近端固定连接至第一控制轴411的远端。第二控制轴412在其近端可操作地连接至第二可推进钮422,使得钮422的推进和缩回使第二控制轴412推进和缩回。第一控制轴411的推进和缩回(借助于钮421的推进和缩回)分别使第二载体组件430b展开和收缩。此外,第二控制轴412的推进和缩回(借助于钮422的推进和缩回)分别使第二载体组件430b收缩和展开,如上所述。第一控制轴411和第二控制轴412的推进和缩回,组合地或者独立地相应改变第二载体组件430b的几何形状。对于消融导管400的管腔内推进,第一载体组件430a和第二载体组件430b处于最小直径构造。第二载体组件430b包括电极432,每个电极432优选至少构造成记录存在于组织中的电活动。电极431和电极432优选包括一体的温度传感器,例如由铜-康铜双金属组件构成的热电偶。电极431还可构造成记录组织中的电信号,电极432还可构造成传输消融能量至组织。
手柄420还包括杆423,该杆423可操作地连接至一根或多根牵引丝,该牵引丝在外轴410内的腔如Teflon为衬里的腔内向远侧延伸。一根或多根牵引丝固定地连接至外轴410的远部,使得操作员在一个或多个平面中控制消融导管400的远部的偏转。手柄420还包括电插头425,该电插头425电连接至一根或多根电线或其他管线,所有这些沿外轴410远向延伸至不同的位置,例如电极431或电极432,或者未示出的其他的传感器或转换器。插头425构造成连接至能量传输单元,例如RF能量传输单元,标测单元或构造成传递或接收电信号或电能的其他装置。
图16a示出图16的消融导管的端视图。第一载体组件430a和第二载体组件430b都处于其最大直径构造。图16b示出图16和16a的消融导管的侧视图,其中消融导管通过脉管口插入例如肺静脉15的脉管内。第二载体组件430b部分或完全展开,并且接触静脉15的腔壁。第一载体组件430a部分或完全展开,并且接合静脉15的口。
现在参考图17,17a,17b和17c,示出本发明的消融导管。消融导管180b具有与图12至14的消融导管相似的构造,其中共有元件具有相同的参考编号。为了简便起见,将省略大部分共有构造和共有组件的细节。消融导管180b包括手柄195,带有操作员控制件第一滑块197a、第二滑块197b和杆196,每一个都可操作地连接至控制轴或其他联接。插头198连接至一根或多根电线或其他管线,该电线或管线通过外轴182向远侧延伸,并且连接至装置的一个或多个功能元件,例如包括在载体组件185中的电极。消融导管192的远端包括不产生损伤的尖端192,该尖端192优选由掺有硫酸钡的Pebax构成,以不透过射线。图17的消融导管180b示出载体组件185处于完全展开(最大直径)构造,这通过手柄196上的滑块或杆使控制轴缩回引起。
现在参考图17a,载体臂载体组件185处于其完全展开(最大直径)状态。载体臂186在其远端连接至第一控制轴182。载体臂186在其近端连接至第二控制轴213,而不是像图12a的消融装置180那样连接至外轴182的远部,该第二控制轴213也能通过手柄195上的控制件而推进和缩回。可独立地或组合地使用第一控制轴184和第二控制轴213的推进和缩回,以改变载体组件185的几何形状。
现在参考图17b,示出消融导管180b的区别特征,其中第二控制轴213一直缩回,直到包括消融元件188的载体臂186完全包含在外轴182的腔内,例如在Teflon衬里内的内腔内。在可选实施方式中,载体臂186通过缩回第一控制轴184而在外轴182内缩回。
现在参考图17c,示出图17a的装置和展开状态的端视图。显示的载体臂186是其小于360°的螺旋。还示出了电极188,其长度通常为2-3mm,电极之间的间距为匀称的3mm。
应理解的是,可采用在此所述的系统、装置和方法的许多其他构造,而不脱离本申请的精神或范围。应理解的是,该系统包括多个功能组件,例如消融导管和能量传输设备。该消融导管由导管轴、用于使电极处于弹性偏压构造的载体组件、用于展开和收回载体组件的控制轴,和用于将控制轴连接至载体组件的联接器。载体组件是可从保存或限制构造,例如径向约束构造,向展开或扩展构造转变的支承构造。载体组件可包括由金属、非金属或两者的组合制成的线、带、缆和支柱。载体组件可由包括金属和非金属的一种或多种材料构成。选择用于载体组件构造的典型金属包括,但不局限于:不锈钢,镍钛诺(Nitinol),埃尔吉洛伊耐蚀游丝合金(ElgiloyTM),其他合金及其组合。
本发明的消融导管可包括可操纵的外护套,或者可与单独的可操纵外护套结合成系统一起工作。例如通过在远端处或附近包括可控制的牵引钢丝,消融导管的一个或多个管状组件可以是可操纵的。本发明的消融导管可在钢丝上插入,例如经一个管状导管内的腔,该管状导管例如在管状体构件或控制轴的腔内,或者可选地,导管可在其远端处或附近包括快速交换的边斗,该远端由其中通有导引丝腔的小突出构成。可单独为导引丝包括导引丝腔,或者可提供其他功能,例如用于整合在载体组件的远部处的一体吸入孔的真空内腔。
本发明的消融导管还包括消融元件。在优选实施方式中,一种或多种消融元件是构造成传输RF能量的电极。可传输代替RF或RF之外的其他形式的能量,包括但不局限于:声能和超声能量;电磁能量,例如电、磁、微波、和射频能量;热能,例如热能和冷能;化学能;光能,例如红外和可见光能量;机械能;辐射;以及其组合。一种或多种消融元件可包括施药泵或导致机械性组织损伤的装置,例如可向前推进的钉或针。消融元件可单独地传输能量,与其他消融元件相结合或者与其他消融元件串联方式传输能量。消融元件可以是并联、串联、单独的、或者其组合的电连接。消融导管可包括冷却装置,以防止不希望的组织损伤和/或血液凝固。消融元件可由多种材料构成,例如用于RF能量传输的金属板和线圈。电极可采用多种形状,包括用于聚集能量的形状,例如聚集声能的喇叭形状;有助于冷却的形状,例如提供大的表面积的几何形状。电极可在单个载体组件内变化,例如电极的螺旋排列或伞尖构造,其中离导管的中心轴线最远的电极具有最大的主轴。丝线和其他柔性管连接至消融元件,例如用于RF电极或超声晶体的电能传送丝线,和用于低温传输的管。
需要电能以进行消融的消融元件需要丝线连接至例如RF电源的电能电源。在具有大量电极的构造中,用于每个电极的各对丝线可能较大,并且影响消融导管的横截面轮廓。在可选实施方式中,一个或多个电极以串联方式连接,使得减少的丝线数,例如两根丝线可连接至两个或多个电极,所述电极包括切换装置,使得当对第一电极供能时,其余的电极没有传递消融能量。切换装置可以是热控开关,使得当第一电极变热时,单极双掷开关改变状态,断开来自该电极的电源并且将电源连接至串联中的下一个电极。该一体的温度开关可具有断开该电极的第一温度,重新连接该电极的第二温度,其中第二温度低于第一温度,例如第二温度低于体温。在可选实施方式中,每个电极由处于其导电通路的材料构成,使得当温度升高并达到预定阈值时,阻力突然减小为接近零,故使得能量耗散,或者由电极产生的热量也接近零,并且更多的能量可传输至包括上述切换装置的下一个电极。
本发明的消融导管优选包括手柄,该手柄致动或其它方式控制消融导管的一个或多个功能。手柄可包括多种钮,例如旋钮或滑钮,该旋钮或滑钮可操作地连接至可推进的管线,或者可操作地连接至齿轮组或凸轮,该齿轮组或凸轮连接至可推进的管线。这些钮,例如用于使导管的远部偏转,或者用于推进或缩回载体组件的钮,优选包括可逆的锁定机构,使得可通过系统的多种操纵维持特定尖端的偏转量或展开量。
消融导管可包括一种或多种传感器,例如用于检测化学活性;光;电活动;pH;温度;压力;液体流量或其他生理参数的传感器。这些传感器可用于标测电活动,测量温度,或者采集可用于更改消融术的其他信息。在优选实施方式中,还可使用例如标测电极的一种或多种传感器来消融组织。
在患者内部的多个组件,例如载体组件或电极,可包括一种或多种可见的标记,例如在荧光透视法可见的不透射线标记,或超声标记。
可根据畸形导管或多个异常通路的诊断,或者根据解剖位置选择待消融的组织。可首先传输RF能量,随后在相同的位置传输其他能量类型,例如当单个电极可传输超过一种类型的能量,例如RF能量和超声能量时。可选地或另外地,可利用一种类型的能量执行第一手术,随后利用不同形式的能量执行第二手术。第二手术可在第一手术之后不久执行,例如在四个小时内,或者后一天,例如在第一手术之后超过二十四小时。可利用本发明的装置、系统和方法消融许多类型的组织。例如,本发明的多个方面应用于前列腺、大脑、胆囊、子宫、身体的其他器官和部位、以及肿瘤中的组织消融术,优选具有可进入的壁或平坦的组织表面的区域。在优选实施方式中,消融心脏组织,例如左心房组织。
在本发明的系统另一个优选实施方式中,包括消融导管和热传感技术。该热传感技术包括传感器装置,该传感器装置可放置在患者胸部、食管或其他足够接近待消融的组织的区域上,直接测量消融的温度作用,例如借助于温度传感器,或者例如通过利用红外照相机间接测量。在所述系统中,当温度或代替温度达到阈值,例如可调节的阈值时,减少或停止送至一个或多个消融元件的消融能量。阈值将取决于传感器装置的位置,以及消融能量要传输的位置。阈值可以是可调节的,并且可以自动配置。
多种套件构造也被认为在本申请的范围内。消融导管具有多个载体组件。这些载体组件可为了导管的管状体构件而移除,或者在套件中可包括多个管状体构件。多个载体组件可具有不同模式、不同类型或者不同数量的电极,并且具有多种其他构造,包括与不同形式能量的兼容性。
虽然已经根据消融装置已就其应用的优选的心脏内和经皮方法进行描述,但是该布置可在开心手术、开胸手术、或微创胸腔手术期间用于心脏。因此,在开胸手术期间,携带载体组件和其电极的短导管或套管可插入心脏中,例如通过左心耳或心房壁中的切口,,将电极施加至待消融的组织。此外,载体组件及其电极可应用于心房或心脏的其他区域的心外膜表面,从心脏的外部检测和/或消融致心律失常局灶。
考虑在此公开的本发明的说明书和实践,本发明的其他实施方式将对本领域的技术人员显而易见。本文旨在本说明书和示例仅被认为是示例性的,其中本发明的真实范围和精神由权利要求指出。此外,虽然本申请以特定顺序列出方法或手术的步骤,但是可能,或者甚至在某种情况下有利的是,改变其中执行的一些步骤的顺序,并且本文旨在提出的方法或手术权利要求的具体步骤不被解释为特定顺序,除非在权利要求中明确地表述这种顺序的特定性。

Claims (3)

1.一种根据附图所述的装置。
2.一种根据附图所述的方法。
3.一种消融导管,包括:
a)细长的、柔性的管状体构件,具有近端、远端和在其之间延伸的腔;
b)控制轴,与所述管状体构件的所述腔共轴布置并且滑动地接纳在所述腔内;
c)柔性的载体组件,包括至少一个消融或标测元件,所述消融或标测元件可通过所述控制轴的推进或缩回而从接近线性的构造调节至部分螺旋。
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US20110106074A1 (en) 2011-05-05
US20130116688A1 (en) 2013-05-09
EP1895927A2 (en) 2008-03-12
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US8337492B2 (en) 2012-12-25
US8771267B2 (en) 2014-07-08
CA2612679A1 (en) 2007-01-04
US9468495B2 (en) 2016-10-18
US20140288552A1 (en) 2014-09-25
US20070083194A1 (en) 2007-04-12
US20150157402A1 (en) 2015-06-11
EP2759276A1 (en) 2014-07-30
CN101309651B (zh) 2011-12-07
EP1895927A4 (en) 2011-03-09
US8979841B2 (en) 2015-03-17
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US7850685B2 (en) 2010-12-14
AU2006262447A1 (en) 2007-01-04

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