CN101416171A - 用于建立虚拟专用网络的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于建立虚拟专用网络的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101416171A
CN101416171A CNA2005800285359A CN200580028535A CN101416171A CN 101416171 A CN101416171 A CN 101416171A CN A2005800285359 A CNA2005800285359 A CN A2005800285359A CN 200580028535 A CN200580028535 A CN 200580028535A CN 101416171 A CN101416171 A CN 101416171A
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CN101416171B (zh
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P·森达拉彦
J·贺
A·索尼
S·南永达斯瓦米
A·库马
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Citrix Systems Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/02—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for separating internal from external traffic, e.g. firewalls
    • H04L63/0272—Virtual private networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/02—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for separating internal from external traffic, e.g. firewalls
    • H04L63/029—Firewall traversal, e.g. tunnelling or, creating pinholes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/16—Implementing security features at a particular protocol layer
    • H04L63/164—Implementing security features at a particular protocol layer at the network layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/16—Implementing security features at a particular protocol layer
    • H04L63/166—Implementing security features at a particular protocol layer at the transport layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/2866—Architectures; Arrangements
    • H04L67/289—Intermediate processing functionally located close to the data consumer application, e.g. in same machine, in same home or in same sub-network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/34—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications involving the movement of software or configuration parameters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/563—Data redirection of data network streams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols

Abstract

一种用于在客户机和专用数据通信网络之间建立虚拟专用网络(VPN)的系统和方法。在网关与公共数据通信网络上的客户机之间建立加密数据通信会话，例如安全套接字层(SSL)数据通信会话。网关然后将编程组件发送到客户机以便在其上自动安装并执行。该编程组件执行操作以拦截来自客户机应用程序且以专用数据通信网络上的资源为目的地的通信，并经由所述加密数据通信会话将拦截的通信发送到网关而非发送到专用数据通信网络上的资源。

Description

用于建立虚拟专用网络的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明一般涉及数据通信网络。更具体来说，本发明涉及在例如因特网的公共数据通信网络上的实体之间建立虚拟专用网络(VPN)。
背景技术
企业越来越多地被要求向位于企业网络的周边之外的雇员和伙伴提供对专有应用程序和数据的访问。为了以有效率的方式做到这一点，企业尝试平衡使用如因特网的公众网络来提供远程访问。但是，因为因特网是公众可访问的网络，所以产生网络安全性问题。
有多种技术可用于实现安全因特网通信，包括但不限于依赖于安全套接字层(SSL)加密或因特网协议安全性(IPSes)加密的那些技术。SSL加密被结合到目前因特网用户使用的大多数Web浏览器中，而IPSec目前则没有被结合。
但是，SSL技术在提供对专用网络的远程访问的能力上是有限的，其中SSL加密的客户机无法直接访问域名服务器、Windows因特网命名服务(WINS)服务器或专用网络上的其他资源，它们从企业网络外部是不可见的但是对于达到该网络上的资源是必需的。此外，防火墙通常自动阻止经由多种端口的某些业务并限制对多种因特网协议(IP)地址的访问，由此妨碍了SSL加密的客户机访问企业网络上的某些目的地。最后，例如多种客户机-服务器e-mail程序和其他企业应用程序的重要应用程序不固有地支持SSL加密，因此限制SSL在提供对这些资源的安全远程访问的有效性。
虚拟专用网络(VPN)连接允许远程用户和客户机程序(换言之，不直接连接的那些)经由公众互联网(例如因特网)对专用数据网络的加密远程访问。建立VPN的常规方法包括了使用预先安装的“胖”客户机建立远程访问，这种胖客户机基于IPSec标准或SSL和基于Web浏览器的动态SSL VPN技术的早期版本。下文更详细地解释每个概念。
基于IPSec技术的VPN胖客户机涉及以加密的形式在因特网上传输整个分组。虽然鲁棒且安全，但IPSec技术具有显著的局限。这些局限其中包括为远程访问用户展开、管理和维护VPN客户机软件中的管理难题，因为每个用户必须在他或她的计算机上下载和安装IPSec软件。此外，利用IPSec VPN技术，用户无法从备选端点(换言之，用户尚未安装相关软件的任何设备)访问关键资源。而且，对防火墙保护的站点的用户访问受到限制，在一些情况中这些站点是不存在的。
胖客户机的的常规SSL版本使用防火墙一般保持打开的标准SSL端口来避开IPSec胖客户机的防火墙限制。但是，这种实现仍导致任何地方只要发生访问就需要预先安装客户机软件的缺点。这些缺点包括管理复杂以及无法在无需安装特殊软件的情况下提供从配备有标准Web浏览器的任何客户机计算机的访问。
常规动态端口代理(proxy)方法保留SSL胖客户机的防火墙遍历能力，并利用Web浏览器的内置加密功能来解决IPSec和SSL胖客户机的局限，由此免去了安装特殊客户机软件的需要。根据这种方法，网关装置或访问服务器上的程序会下载Java applet来监视用于加密业务的端口。如果检测到加密业务，则将发送加密数据的客户机配置为将其业务重定向经由合适的安全端口。但是这种技术的问题在于它仅对于具有名称的地址有效。换言之，它将对静态IP地址或服务器的IP地址和/或端口动态变化的情况无效。因此，这些实现无法处理使用动态指定的IP地址、动态变化端口或使用硬编码的IP地址来到达未命名的资源的应用程序。
因此需要一种系统和方法，用于通过例如因特网的公共数据通信网络提供对企业网络中的应用程序和数据的安全远程访问，它们针对常规解决方案的前述缺点进行了改进并解决了这些缺点。
发明内容
在其最广泛的应用中，本发明的目的在于提出一种系统和方法，用于在客户机和专用数据通信网络之间建立虚拟专用网络(VPN)，其中客户机以安全方式经公共数据通信网络连接到专用数据通信网络。根据本发明的实施例，专用数据通信网络包括其上驻留有专用于企业的应用程序和数据的企业网络，公共数据通信网络包括因特网。
根据本发明实施例的方法，通过公共数据通信网络在网关或访问服务器上的程序与客户机之间建立加密数据通信会话。可以通过多种方法来加密通信会话，这些方法包括但不限于安全套接字层(SSL)协议、因特网协议安全性(IPSec)或其他加密方法。
响应加密数据通信会话的建立，网关或访问服务器上的程序将程序发送回客户机。在一个实施例中，该程序包括由客户机Web浏览器自动安装并执行的控制或编程组件(即，可以在整个网络环境中运行的自备程序)。在一个实施例中，一旦安装在客户机上，该程序作为操作拦截器动态拦截来自客户机应用程序且目的地为指定的专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信，该拦截器安装为客户机上的操作系统的传输层上的“钩子”。
在一个实施例中，该程序还可以通过提供用于此类拦截的通信的端点作为用于拦截的通信的连接代理。该程序还可以引入作为加密数据通信会话中的加密端点的功能，并可以经由加密数据通信系统将此类通信送往网关或访问服务器。在备选实施例中，该程序可以分成两个或多个分开的程序-一个执行客户机上的拦截功能而第二个其中执行网络代理和加密功能。
本发明的实施例包括由程序拦截名称转换和连接请求。根据此类实施例通过VPN通信的客户机和服务器自由地使用它们选择的任何IP地址，以及在运行时动态地更改那些地址，因为这种实施例不依赖于静态名称至地址的转换。
当网关或访问服务器经由加密数据通信会话从客户机接收到加密的通信时，它将加密的通信解密，并将其提供给专用数据通信网络上的适合目的地资源。在一个实施例中，网关端接(terminate)业务(作为代理)，然后还能够按如下描述的处理请求，而非仅仅直接沿途将其发送到专用网络上的目的地。在该实施例中，网关可以对连接执行附加的处理，包括但不限于后端加密、为来自高速缓存的响应提供服务、本地网络负载平衡、全局服务负载平衡或压缩。
如果有来自目的地资源的任何响应通信，则将它们送往网关(并潜在地执行加密，其中按下文描述的利用后端加密)，以便经由加密数据通信会话传输到安装的客户机程序。安装的客户机程序将响应通信解密，并将它们传递到适合的客户机应用程序。
在根据本发明实施例的特定方法中，通过公共数据通信网络在网关与客户机之间建立如安全套接字层(SSL)会话的加密数据通信会话。然后网关响应加密数据通信会话的建立而将第一程序发送到客户机。在一个实施例中，该第一程序包括动态交付的程序组件、例如由客户机Web浏览器自动安装并执行的Active X控件。其他此类组件可以是Java applet、Java脚本、动态共享库或其他此类程序组件。
当第一程序被客户机执行时，其中它在该客户机上安装第二程序。第二程序用于拦截来自客户机应用程序且目的地为专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信。第二程序还用于将所拦截的通信提供给第一程序，用于经由加密数据通信会话发送到网关，而不是直接发送到专用数据通信网络上的资源。在一个实施例中，第二程序包括动态拦截器、例如过滤设备驱动程序，它作为“钩子”安装在客户机的操作系统的传输层上。
在一个实施例中，第一程序作为连接代理，提供用于拦截的通信的端点。其他非预先安装的SSL VPN(包括端口代理)不能作为每个连接的代理，而仅能够作为预先配置端口代理所支持的那些命名的资源和端口的端点。
当网关经由这些程序组件建立的加密数据通信会话从客户机接收到加密的通信时，它将该加密的通信解密并将其提供给专用数据通信网络上的适合目的地资源。
在另一个实施例中，该网关可以作为经由VPN发送的应用业务的中间代理，则还能够处理应用请求而不仅仅将它们直接沿途发送到专用网络上的目的地。该实施例允许网关对连接执行进一步处理、例如后端加密，其中在将业务交付到专用数据通信网络上的适合目的地之前网关将业务再次加密，从而允许用户实现附加的网络安全性。而且，这种处理可以允许网关为来自高速缓存的响应提供服务，而无需目的地资源完成附加的工作。作为备选或附加方式，该网关可以对连接数据执行本地网络负载平衡、全局服务负载平衡或压缩。
如果有来自目的地资源的任何响应通信，则将它们提供给网关(并在一个实施例中，在传送到网关之前潜在地由目的地资源加密，该实施例中利用后端加密提供端到端网络安全性)以便经由加密数据通信会话传送到第一程序。该第一程序将响应通信解密，并经由第二程序将它们传递到适合的客户机应用程序。
根据本发明一个实施例，用户无需预先在客户机系统或设备上安装任何软件。相反，作为登录到网关的结果，动态地将必要的组件安装在客户机上，而在随后退出时将其移除。这具有显著的优点优于安全远程访问的常规解决方案、例如基于IPSec技术的解决方案，其中用户必须将软件预先安装在客户机上。
而且，根据本发明的实施例，将从客户机应用程序到驻留在专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信基于对这些通信的拦截被重定向到网关。这显著地区别于常规VPN代理，常规VPN代理利用动态端口代理，并因此需要客户机上的名称至地址的转换才能工作。因为本发明的实施例基于名称转换和连接请求的拦截，而非端口代理，所以根据本发明实施例通过VPN进行通信的客户机和服务器自由地使用它们选择的任何IP地址，以及在运行时动态地更改那些地址，因为实施例不依赖于静态的名称至地址转换。因此，本发明的实施例允许使用硬编码的IP地址、动态IP地址和动态端口。
此外，本发明的实施例还提供基于代理设置连接的VPN解决方案。例如，本发明的实施例提供基于连接代理设置的加密隧道用于安全远程访问，该加密隧道端接连接，因此能够提取原始连接的TCP有效负载，并将此类应用有效负载封装到经由分离的TCP连接传送的新TCP有效负载中。常规IPSec解决方案加密所有分组并使用网络分组层上建立的隧道来实现设备之间的通信。在其他常规SSL解决方案中，可以通过在端口代理或其他解决方案建立的新TCP连接内以隧道传送包括所有TCP头的完整TCP分组来传送来自多个应用的业务。封装连接是第二TCP连接，该TCP连接完整无缺地将原始连接、包括所有头无修改地交付到网关，该网关从封装TCP连接解开原始连接的有效负载，并同样不修改地完成至最终专用网络目的地的交付。
将完整TCP连接线程化在其他连接内的这种方法产生问题的可能性。因为在分组丢失或分组延迟或者察觉到分组丢失或延迟之后，TCP协议生成降速、重新传输和确认，所以随着TCP协议生成附加的降速、重新传输和确认，隧道传输解决方案下的双层TCP将任何此类分组丢失或分组延迟放大。由此，延迟和重新传输的新级别显著地加重了原有降速，而成为经由TCP上TCP连接隧道交付多个TCP有效负载的重大限制。
相比之下，在本发明的一个实施例中，为每个应用程序连接建立单独的加密会话隧道。因为此类实施例中的每个连接被端接或被代理且TCP有效负载分拆到它自己新创建的TCP连接上并经由该连接交付，所以该实施例可以通过避免TCP上TCP问题来更容易地避免级联的连接延迟。因为应用程序有效负载经由一组分离的TCP连接发送，所以网络中的分组丢失或延迟仅影响一个连接，而不像实施隧道的情况，不会引起级联的重新传输。这种实施例还可以容易地与隧道中的应用内容业务的附加连接专用处理结合
因为本发明的实施例提供一种作为代理的VPN解决方案，其中该代理在加密此类数据并在SSL或其他会话隧道上发送它之前在客户机处端接连接，所以可以更有效的执行此类拦截的分组的附加处理。此类处理可以包括此类业务的DNS名称解析，以便使客户机应用程序能够使用它们选择的任何IP地址以及如上所述在运行时动态更改那些地址。此类附加处理还使本发明能够有效地与其他技术结合，例如与全局服务负载平衡结合以在分布式的网关或服务器中间实现更大的可用性和更大的效率。由此上文的实施例和连接处理还使得本发明能够保存有关分组的详细日志记录和统计数字。
通过使应用数据的进一步的连接专用内容处理成为可能，本发明实施例还使VPN能力(例如SSL VPN能力)能够与网关可提供给企业网络的其他有益功能结合。例如，本发明的实施例能够在网关处结合应用层优化、切换和安全性功能特征。具体来说，根据本发明实施例的针对连接的隧道建立能使VPN功能特征容易地与请求切换技术结合(如2002年6月25日提交的美国专利号6,411,986、标题为“因特网客户机-服务器复用器”(Internet Client-ServerMultiplexer)以及2000年10月18日提交的共同未决的美国专利申请号09/690,437、标题为“有效率地在客户机与服务器之间池化连接的设备、方法和计算机程序产品”(Apparatus，Method and ComputerProgram Product for Efficiently Pooling Connections Between Clients andServers)，通过引用将它们的每一个结合于本文，如同本文中充分提出一样)，请求切换技术能够以非常高的吞吐量将此类应用数据处理能力同时应用于多个交织的数据流。本发明实施例的VPN功能特征还可以容易地与请求级负载平衡、超文本传输协议(HTTP)动态应用高速缓存、HTTP压缩、传输控制协议(TCP)压缩、对TCP和HTTP分布式服务拒绝攻击的预防、HTTP病毒预防扫描等结合。
最后，在本发明的实施例中，通过如下方式扩充了VPN功能特征的结合：将上文描述的SSL解密和端点处理与网关处要执行的连接的其他处理同步，连接的其他处理包括上文描述的那些，如负载平衡、HTTP动态应用高速缓存、HTTP压缩、TCP压缩、对TCP和HTTP分布式服务拒绝攻击的预防、HTTP病毒预防扫描等。因此，本发明的实施例能够实现此类结合处理的一些好处，其中包括：通过避免必须将多个不同系统互连来按特定次序提供处理功能的组合(例如先压缩再高速缓存再加密)以简化网络；通过检查应用层数据一次并对它执行多次操作来加速处理；使用统一的策略系统来表示要执行的操作以简化管理等。
下文参考附图详细描述本发明的其他特征和优点以及本发明多种实施例的结构和操作。注意本发明并不局限于本文描述的特定实施例。此类实施例在本文中仅出于说明性目的来给出。本领域技术人员基于本文所含的技术将显见到附加的实施例。
附图说明
通过结合于本文且构成本说明书一部分的附图以及描述来说明本发明，还解释本发明的原理以使本领域技术人员能够实施和使用本发明。
图1图示根据本发明实施例用于建立虚拟专用网络(VPN)的系统。
图2说明根据本发明实施例用于建立VPN的方法的流程图。
图3说明根据本发明实施例、客户机与专用数据通信网络上的访问资源通信所用的方法的流程图。
图4说明根据本发明实施例、客户机、服务器和/或网关的示例基于计算机系统的实现。
当结合附图理解时，从下文给出的详细描述将使本发明的特征和优点更显而易见，其中所有附图中相似的参考号标识对应的元素。在这些附图中，相似的引用编号一般指示完全相同的、功能上相似的和/或结构上相似的元素。元素第一次出现的附图由对应的参考编号中的最左边数字指示。
具体实施方式
A.根据本发明实施例用于建立虚拟专用网络的系统
图1图示根据本发明实施例用于建立虚拟专用网络(VPN)的示范系统的基本元素。如图1所示，系统100包括专用数据通信网络106和多个客户机102a至102n，这些客户机经由公共数据通信网络104以远程和通信方式连接到专用数据通信网络106。在一个实施例中，专用数据通信网络106包括其上驻留专用于企业(如私人商业机构)的应用程序和数据的企业网络，并且公共数据通信网络104包括因特网，当然本发明并不局限于此。
再如图1所示，专用数据通信网络106包括网关108和多个服务器110a至110n。网关108是作为公共数据通信网络104上的实体与专用数据通信网络106上的资源之间的接口的系统或设备。具体来说，以及如下文将详细描述的，网关108配置为协助客户机102a-102n的任何一个对服务器110a-110n上运行或存储的例如应用程序和数据的资源进行远程安全访问。
在一个实施例中，网关108包括网络服务器，该网络服务器配置为除了执行与基于Web和/或客户机-服务器应用、业务管理和安全性的优化相关的多种网络任务外还执行本发明的功能特征。但是，本发明并不局限于此，网关108可以包括配置为执行本发明的功能特征的任何网络系统或设备。
每个客户机102a-102n包括适于与公共数据通信网络104上的其他实体(包括但不限于网关108)通信的系统或设备。正如本领域技术人员将认识到，可以使用多种常规通信协议来实现每个客户机102a-102n与公共数据通信网络104上的其他实体之间的通信。例如，在一个实施例中，传输控制协议/因特网协议(TCP/IP)组用于建立链路并传输数据，同时使用超文本传输协议(HTTP)或文件传输协议(FTP)应用层来实现客户机-服务器通信。但是，这些示例是说明性的。本发明不意味着局限于特定通信协议或应用，还可以使用其他专有或非专有的网络通信协议和应用。
在一个实施例中，每个客户机102a-102n包括在操作系统控制下运行并执行商业购买的Web浏览器来进行网络通信的个人计算机(PC)。例如，每个客户机102a-102n可以包括运行MicrosoftWindows
Figure A200580028535D0018112233QIETU
操作系统并执行Microsoft Internet Explorer
Figure A200580028535D0018112233QIETU
 Web浏览器的PC。或者，每个客户机102a-102n可以包括运行Macintosh
Figure A200580028535D0018112233QIETU
操作系统并执行Netscape Navigator
Figure A200580028535D0018112233QIETU
 Web浏览器的PC。但是，本发明不局限于这些示例，还可以使用其他操作系统和浏览器。此外，本发明不局限于个人计算机，以及每个客户机102a-102n可以包括能够在公共数据通信网络104上通信的任何设备或系统，包括但不限于桌上型计算机、平板计算机、机顶盒和网络功能的电视机、手持计算机和移动电话。
B.根据本发明实施例用于建立虚拟专用网络的方法
图2说明根据本发明实施例用于建立VPN的方法的流程图200。但是本发明并不局限于流程图200提供的描述。相反，本领域技术人员根据本文提供的原理显见的其他功能流程也在本发明的范围和精神内。参考图1，将通过连续引用上文描述的示范系统100来描述流程图200。但是，本发明不局限于该实施例。
流程图200的方法开始于步骤202，其中客户机102a-102n(下文通称为客户机102)的每一个执行登录过程并建立经由公共数据通信网络104与网关108的加密数据通信会话。如本文更详细描述的，该加密数据通信会话被用作隧道以桥接从客户机102到驻留在专用数据通信网络106中网关108之后的服务器110a至110n的任何一个的业务。在一个实施例中，客户机102使用商业购买的Web浏览器、如Microsoft Internet Explorer
Figure A200580028535D0018112233QIETU
或Netscape Navigator
Figure A200580028535D0018112233QIETU
登录并使用安全套接字层(SSL)或包括IPSec或其他的其他加密方法建立与网关108的数据通信会话。可以使用如基于安全套接字层的超文本传输协议(HTTPS)的协议来发起加密数据通信会话。
响应登录和加密数据通信会话的建立，网关108在公共数据通信网络104上将第一程序发送到客户机102，如图步骤204所示。该第一程序配置为作为用于在加密数据通信会话上通信的隧道端点。在一个实施例中，该第一程序包括插件应用程序，它由客户机Web浏览器自动安装和执行。例如，该第一程序可以包括作为由MicrosoftInternet Explorer
Figure A200580028535D0018112233QIETU
 Web浏览器执行的插件来提供的ActiveX控件。或者，该第一程序可以包括作为由Netscape Navigator
Figure A200580028535D0018112233QIETU
 Web浏览器执行的插件来提供的Java applet或在整个网络环境上工作的另一种控件或编程组件。
在步骤206，客户机102安装并执行第一程序，其中执行第一程序包括在客户机102上安装第二程序。该第二程序部分地配置为拦截来自客户机102上运行的应用程序且目的地为专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信，并且将拦截的通信提供给第一程序以便经由加密数据通信会话发送到网关108。该第二程序还配置为提供内联网网络名称解析服务和可选地拆分网络业务。通过拆分业务，本发明的实施例能够确定将什么业务导入(channeled)到SSL隧道并允许继续由传输层栈执行什么常规处理。
在一个实施例中，第二程序包括动态拦截器(例如过滤设备驱动程序)，它作为“钩子”插入到客户机102的操作系统中。例如，该第二程序可以包括过滤设备驱动程序，它附着于客户机操作系统的传输层栈，例如Microsoft 
Figure A200580028535D00201
操作系统的传输层栈。
如图步骤208所示，一旦安装了第一和第二程序，客户机102上运行的应用程序就可以经由建立的加密数据通信会话与专用数据通信网络106上的访问资源(例如应用程序和数据)通信。下文将参考图3详细地论述此通信发生的方式。注意，在备选实施例中，上文描述的第一程序和第二程序的功能由客户机102自动安装并执行的一个控件或编程组件(即可以在网络环境上运行的自备程序)来执行。
如图步骤210，客户机102执行退出过程以断开与专用数据通信网络106的连接，这样终止与网关108的加密数据通信会话。在一个实施例中，在退出时，第一程序自动清除对客户机操作系统的修改以将操作系统返回到它原始的状态。
图3说明根据本发明实施例、客户机与专用数据通信网络上的访问资源通信所用的方法的流程图300。具体来说，流程图300的方法表示流程图200的步骤208执行的一个方法。
流程图300的方法开始于步骤302，其中客户机应用程序建立至客户机操作系统的传输层栈的新连接或解析至客户机操作系统的传输层栈的域名。当发生此操作时，在发起任何传输层功能之前自动调用第二程序的功能，如图步骤304所示。如上所述，在一个实施例中，该第二程序包括附着于客户机操作系统的传输层栈的动态拦截器(例如过滤设备驱动程序)。
在步骤306，该第二程序拦截来自客户机应用程序且目的地为专用数据通信网络106上的资源的通信，并将它们重新路由到第一程序，在一个实施例中该第一程序包括ActiveX控件插件、Java applet或在网络环境上工作的其他控件或编程组件。
在步骤308，每个拦截的连接被端接或被代理，该第一程序将有效负载分出并将有效负载封装到新连接中，以便经由建立的加密数据通信会话来交付。在一个实施例中，有效负载是TCP有效负载，并被封到新的TCP连接中。
在步骤310，该第一程序经由预先建立的加密数据通信会话将拦截的通信通过公共数据通信网络104发送到专用数据通信网络106中的网关，其中包括将拦截的通信加密并将加密的拦截的通信发送到网关108。在一个实施例中，根据SSL协议执行加密。
在步骤312，网关108作为代理，端接第一程序发送的连接并将从客户机102上的第一程序接收到的通信解密，并经由网关108与专用网络106上目的地资源建立的不同连接将解密的通信传递到专用网络106上适合的目的地资源。在一个实施例中，根据SSL协议或其他适用的加密和解密协议来执行解密。在步骤314，目的地资源处理解密的通信。
如果解密的通信包含存在响应的请求，则目的地资源向网关108发送响应通信，如图步骤316所示。在步骤318，网关108经由预先建立的加密数据通信会话通过公共数据通信网络104将响应通信发送到客户机102上的第一程序，其中包括将响应通信加密并将加密的响应通信发送到第一程序。在一个实施例中，根据SSL协议或其他适用的加密和解密协议来执行加密。
在步骤320，第一程序将响应通信解密，并经由第二程序将它们传递到适合的客户机应用程序，其中第二程序附着于客户机操作系统的传输层栈。
根据本发明的备选实施例，客户机102在步骤308在公共数据通信网络104上发送拦截的通信之前执行拦截的通信的附加处理。因为本发明的实施例提供作为代理的VPN解决方案，该代理在加密此类数据并在预先建立的加密数据通信会话上发送它之前在客户机处端接连接，所以可以更有效地执行此类附加处理。此类处理可以包括拦截的通信的DNS名称解析，以便使客户机应用程序能够使用它们选择的任何IP地址以及在运行时动态更改那些地址。此类附加处理使本发明的实施例能够有效地与其他技术结合，例如与全局服务负载平衡结合以在分布式的网关或服务器中间实现更大的可用性和更大的效率。附加连接处理还可能保存有关拦截的通信的详细日志记录和统计数字。
在本发明的另一个备选实施例中，网关108端接从客户机102(作为代理)上的第一程序接收到的通信，进一步处理其中所含的一个或多个请求，而非如图步骤312所示仅仅将这些通信直接沿途发送到专用数据通信网络106上的目的地。此进一步处理可以包括后端加密，其中在交付到专用数据通信网络106上的适合目的地之前由网关108将通信再次加密，由此提供端到端网络安全性。下文将描述将业务解密和适当地响应。而且，此类处理还可以允许网关108能够为来自高速缓存的响应提供服务而不是要求由目的地服务器进行附加的工作，对这些通信执行本地网络负载平衡、全局服务负载平衡和/或压缩，以增强专用数据通信网络106的效率和响应。
根据上文描述的方法，在客户机102与专用数据通信网络106之间建立基于加密数据通信会话的VPN。例如，在一个实施例中，经由HTTPS来建立安全VPN。此后，通过这种加密数据通信会话，将从客户机102到专用数据通信网络106的所有通信经第一程序路由到网关108，以及反之亦然。
应该注意虽然加密数据通信会话可以使用HTTPS来建立，但是通过加密数据通信会话的通信无需是HTTPS分组数据或甚至无需是HTTP分组数据。例如，这些通信还可以包括传输控制协议/用户数据报协议(TCP/UDP)或因特网控制消息协议(ICMP)分组数据，当然这些示例并不意味着限定。
还应该注意虽然本发明实施例的多种客户端功能在上文中描述为由第一程序和第二程序来执行，但是本领域技术人员容易地认识到这些功能还可以由一个程序或多个程序来执行。
而且，虽然参考图3描述的方法描述了客户机102上的应用程序与专用数据通信网络106上的资源之间的请求-响应型通信，但是根据本发明的加密的通信不一定是基于请求-响应的。相反，这些通信可以是任何类型的。由此，可建立如UDP会话的连接或通信会话的任何客户机应用程序可以根据本发明实施例发送和接收加密的通信。
上文描述用于建立VPN的方法是连接代理，其中通过端接连接并将原始连接的TCP有效负载封装在新TCP连接中来为每个应用连接创建加密数据通信会话。与常规IPSec方法相对的是，在网络分组级上设置加密隧道，因此不会束缚于任何特定的应用或通信会话。
上文描述的方法还与如端口代理方法的其他常规SSL解决方案相区别，端口代理方法中将每个连接作为包含所有TCP头的完整实体封装在端口代理建立的新加密的TCP连接内。封装连接是第二、会话范围的TCP连接，该TCP连接完整无缺地将包括所有头且无修改的原始连接交付到网关，该网关从封装TCP连接解开原始连接的有效负载，无修改地完成至最终专用网络目的地的交付。上文描述的端口代理方法将TCP连接线程化到在SSL连接上隧道化的其他连接内，这可能遇到问题，因为分组丢失的情况下TCP协议产生降速和重新传输和确认，以及在多个完整TCP有效负载经由一个SSL TCP连接隧道来传送的情况中，那些延迟和传输被显著放大。本发明实施例经分开建立的至网关的新连接仅将分出并交付的端接或代理的连接的TCP有效负载传送来避免这些延迟。
因为本发明的实施例提供作为代理的VPN解决方案，该代理在加密此类数据并在SSL会话隧道上发送它之前在客户机处端接连接，该程序能够更好地以允许对此类拦截的分组的附加处理的方式管理基于连接的分组流。此类附加处理使本发明能够有效地与其他技术结合，例如与全局服务负载平衡结合以在分布式的网关或服务器中间实现更大的可用性和更大的效率。上文的实施例和附加连接处理还使本发明能够保存有关分组的详细日志记录和统计数字。
此外通过实现基于连接代理的VPN，其中经由安全VPN仅将原始连接的TCP有效负载传送到网关，上文描述的方法还能够在网关处将VPN与高速缓存技术结合，这种高速缓存技术监视Web对象请求并存储它从服务器检索的那些对象的某一些以便提高网络性能。而且，通过在网关处代理连接并由此创造在网关处进一步处理连接的机会，上文描述的方法允许将SSL VPN成功地结合到包括负载平衡和TCP缓冲的其他联网技术中。
因为上文描述建立VPN的方法是基于连接代理的，所以它允许以较常规VPN方法更兼容于认证、授权和记账(AAA)策略、高速缓存、压缩、切换、连接的复用、抵御SYN流和其他形式攻击以及分拆隧道实施的方式来传送应用数据。为了说明作为前面段落描述的基于连接代理的VPN的优点，可以简单且有效率地执行可在网关处执行对此类连接的附加处理的上文描述的方法(包括前面段落中描述的每种方法)，因为网关用作加密的会话的代理端点。更确切地来说，在一个实施例中，网关能够执行一种或多种形式的此类处理，因为上文描述的方法中的网关已经端接了连接，因此此类网关能够只需访问和操作TCP有效负载来执行此类处理。相比之下，其他方法(包括连接隧道实施方法)自然不在网关处端接连接(而是它们仅代理加密的隧道会话)，并因此该方法需要第二级别的处理来端接在加密的会话内实施隧道的TCP连接。由于网关对连接执行进一步处理的要求，所以这些方法固有地更加复杂且往往在网关处对任何此类连接执行附加的功能处理效率不高。
最后，在实施例中，可以通过如下方式扩充本发明的VPN功能特征的结合：将上文描述的SSL解密和端点处理与网关处要执行的连接的其他处理同步，连接的其他处理包括上文描述的那些，如负载平衡、HTTP动态应用高速缓存、HTTP压缩、TCP压缩、对TCP和HTTP分布式服务拒绝攻击的预防、HTTP病毒预防扫描等。
除了上文描述的处理效率外，本发明的实施例为与客户机或客户机控件的每个连接创建单独的TCP连接，并在网关处分别端接每个此类连接，因此提供简单且有效率地将对每个此类连接的附加处理排序的能力。
在其他方法中(包括连接隧道实施方法)，网关面对前面段落描述的涉及必须执行的附加连接处理的附加处理问题，相比之下本发明的方法更有效率。因为在这种效率不高的方法下可以通过一个加密的会话隧道来以隧道实施多个应用，所以网关处对内部TCP连接的处理变得较为复杂且在使用网关处理器资源方面较不经济。由此，本发明的实施例提高了在网关处将加密会话的处理与其他形式的处理结合的效率。
虽然上文描述的方法是参考由客户机发起通信的实施例来描述的，但是本发明还涵盖由专用数据通信网络106上的实体发起的通信的实施例。根据此类实施例，网关108作为虚拟客户机和专用通信网络106上的实体(例如服务器110a-110n)发起与驻留在客户机102a-102n的任何一个上的应用程序的通信。在此类实施例中，以与上文参考图3描述的相同方式建立VPN会话，但是在建立会话之后，客户机或服务器可以发起连接或通信会话(如UDP会话)来彼此发送通信。
C.根据本发明实施例的示范客户机/服务器/网关
客户机102a-102n、服务器110a-11On和网关108n的每一个分别执行的本发明功能可以通过使用硬件、软件或它们的组合来实现，并且可以在一个或多个计算机系统或其他处理系统中实现。例如，图4说明根据本发明实施例可以用来实现客户机102a-102n、服务器110a-110n和/或网关108n的任何一个的示范计算机系统400。
如图4所示，示范计算机系统400包括用于执行根据本发明实施例的软件例行程序的处理器404。虽然出于简化起见示出一个处理器，但是计算机系统400还可以包括多处理器系统。处理器404连接到用于与计算机系统400的其他组件通信的通信基础设施406。通信设施406可以包括例如通信总线、交叉开关或网络。
计算机系统400还包括主存储器408，如随机存取存储器(RAM))和辅助存储器410。辅助存储器410可以包括例如硬盘驱动器412和/或可移动存储驱动器414，它可以包括软盘驱动器、磁带驱动器、光盘驱动器等。可移动存储驱动器414以公知的方式从可移动存储单元418读取和/或向其中写入。可移动存储单元418可以包括软盘、磁带、光盘等，可移动存储单元418被可移动存储驱动器414读取或写入。如本领域技术人员将认识到的，可移动存储单元418包括其中存储计算机软件和/或数据的计算机可用存储媒体。
在备选实施例中，辅助存储器410可以包括用于使计算机程序或其他指令能够加载到计算机系统400的其他相似装置。此类装置可以包括例如，可移动存储单元422和接口420。可移动存储单元422和接口420的示例包括程序盒式存储器和盒式接口(例如视频游戏控制设备中可见到的)、可移动存储器芯片(例如EPROM或PROM)和相关的槽、以及允使软件和数据能够从可移动存储单元422传送到计算机系统400的其他可移动存储单元422和接口420。
计算机系统400还包括显示器接口402，显示器接口402将转发来自通信基础设施406或帧缓冲器(未示出)的图形、文本和其他数据以便在显示单元430上显示给用户。
计算机系统400还包括至少一个通信接口424。通信接口424使软件和数据能够经由通信路径426在计算机系统400和外部设备之间传送。在本发明的实施例中，通信接口424允许数据能够在计算机系统400与数据通信网络(例如公共数据通信网络104或专用数据通信网络106)之间传送。通信接口424的示例可以包括调制解调器、网络接口(例如以太网卡)、通信端口等。经由通信接口424传送的软件和数据采用信号的形式，这些信号可以是电信号、电磁信号、光信号或能够被通信接口424接收的其他信号。这些信号经由通信路径426被提供给通信接口。
如本文所使用的，术语“计算机程序产品”可以部分指可移动存储单元418、可移动存储单元422、安装在硬盘驱动器412中的硬盘或在通信路径426(无线链路或电缆)上将软件载送到通信接口424的载波。计算机可用媒介可以包括磁媒体、光媒体或其他可记录媒体或传送载波或其他信号的媒体。这些计算机程序产品是提供用于将软件提供给计算机系统400的装置。
计算机程序(也称为计算机控制逻辑)存储在主存储器408和/或辅助存储器410中。还可以经由通信接口424接收计算机程序。此类计算机程序在执行时能使计算机系统400执行如本文论述的本发明的一个或多个功能特征。具体来说，计算机程序在执行时能使处理器404执行本发明的功能特征。因此，此类计算机程序表示计算机系统400的控制器。
本发明能以软件、固件、硬件或它们的任何组合的形式实现为控制逻辑。在使用软件实现本发明的实施例中，可以将软件存储在计算机程序产品中并使用可移动存储驱动器414、硬盘驱动器412或接口420加载到计算机系统400中。或者，可以在通信路径426上将计算机程序产品下载到计算机系统400。在软件由处理器404执行时使处理器404执行本文描述的本发明的功能。
D.总结
虽然上文描述了本发明的多种实施例，但是应该理解它们仅通过示例而非限定形式提出。因此，本领域技术人员将理解在不背离所附权利要求中定义的本发明精神和范围的前提下可以进行多种形式和细节上的更改。因此，本发明的宽度和范围不应由上文描述的示范实施例来限定，而仅应该根据下文权利要求及其等效物来定义。

Claims (42)

1.一种用于在客户机和专用数据通信网络之间建立加密的虚拟专用网络的方法，其中所述客户机经由公共数据通信网络连接到所述专用数据通信网络，所述方法包括：
通过所述公共数据通信网络建立与客户机的加密数据通信会话；以及
响应所述加密数据通信会话的建立将编程组件发送到所述客户机用于在其上自动安装并执行；
其中所述编程组件配置为拦截来自客户机应用程序且目的地为所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信，并经由所述加密数据通信会话将所拦截的通信发送到网关而非发送到所述专用数据通信网络上的资源。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，建立与客户机的加密数据通信会话的步骤包括建立与客户机的安全套接字层数据通信会话。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将编程组件发送到所述客户机的步骤包括：
将第一程序发送到所述客户机，所述第一程序配置为在所述客户机上安装第二程序；
其中所述第二程序配置为拦截来自客户机应用程序且目的地为所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信，并将所拦截的通信提供给所述第一程序用于经由所述加密数据通信会话发送到网关而非发送到所述专用数据通信网络上的资源。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，将第一程序发送到所述客户机的步骤包括将ActiveX控件发送到所述客户机。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，将第一程序发送到所述客户机的步骤包括将Java applet发送到所述客户机。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将配置为在所述客户机上安装第二程序的第一程序发送到所述客户机包括：
将配置为把动态拦截器安装在所述客户机的操作系统的层上的第一程序发送到所述客户机。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
经由所述加密数据通信会话从所述客户机接收加密的通信；
将所述加密的通信解密；以及
将所解密的通信提供给所述专用数据通信网络上的资源。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，还包括：
在将所解密的通信提供给所述专用数据通信网络上的资源之前，处理所解密的通信。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，处理所解密的通信的步骤包括执行如下操作的至少其中之一：
再次加密；
数据压缩；
负载平衡；
认证、授权和记账；或
高速缓存。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
接收来自所述专用数据通信网络上的资源且目的地为所述客户机的通信；以及
经由所述加密数据通信会话将所述通信从所述专用数据通信网络上的资源发送到所述客户机。
11.一种用于在客户机和专用数据通信网络之间建立虚拟专用网络的方法，其中所述专用数据通信网络经由公共数据通信网络连接到所述客户机，所述方法包括：
通过所述公共数据通信网络建立与网关的加密数据通信会话；
拦截来自客户机应用程序且目的地为所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信；以及
将所拦截的通信发送到所述网关而非发送到所述专用数据通信网络上的资源，其中经由所述加密数据通信会话将所拦截的通信发送到所述网关。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，建立与网关的加密数据通信会话的步骤包括建立与网关的安全套接字层数据通信会话。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，经由所述加密数据通信会话将所拦截的通信发送到所述网关的步骤包括：
将所拦截的通信加密；以及
通过所述公共数据通信网络将所加密的拦截的通信发送到所述网关。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法，还包括：
响应所述加密数据通信会话的建立从所述网关接收编程组件；以及
执行所述编程组件，其中所述编程组件配置为拦截来自客户机应用程序且目的地为所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信，并将所拦截的通信发送到所述第一程序用于经由所述加密数据通信会话发送到所述网关。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，接收并执行所述编程组件包括：
从所述网关接收第一程序；以及
执行所述第一程序，其中执行所述第一程序包括安装第二程序；
其中所述第二程序配置为拦截来自客户机应用程序且目的地为所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信，并将所拦截的通信发送到所述第一程序用于经由所述加密数据通信会话发送到所述网关。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，从所述网关接收第一程序的步骤包括从所述网关接收ActiveX控件。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，从所述网关接收第一程序的步骤包括从所述网关接收Java applet。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，安装第二程序的步骤包括将动态拦截器安装在所述客户机的操作系统的层上。
19.如权利要求11所述的方法，还包括：
经由所述加密数据通信会话从所述网关接收加密的通信；其中所述加密的通信包括源自所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信；
将来自所述网关的所述加密的通信解密；以及
将解密的通信提供给客户机应用程序。
20.如权利要求11所述的方法，还包括：
在将所拦截的通信发送到所述网关之前，处理所拦截的通信。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，处理所拦截的通信的步骤包括执行域名服务器(DNS)名称解析。
22.一种网关，包括：
用于通过公共数据通信网络建立与客户机的加密数据通信会话的部件；以及
用于响应所述加密数据通信会话的建立将编程组件发送到所述客户机用于在其上自动安装并执行的部件；
其中所述编程组件配置为拦截来自客户机应用程序且目的地为所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信，并经由所述加密数据通信会话将所拦截的通信发送到网关而非发送到所述专用数据通信网络上的资源。
23.如权利要求22所述的网关，其特征在于，用于建立与客户机的加密数据通信会话的部件包括用于建立与客户机的安全套接字层数据通信会话的部件。
24.如权利要求22所述的网关，其特征在于，用于将编程组件发送到所述客户机的部件包括用于将第一程序发送到所述客户机的部件，其中所述第一程序配置为在所述客户机上安装第二程序；
其中所述第二程序配置为拦截来自客户机应用程序且目的地为所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信，并将所拦截的通信发送到所述第一程序用于经由所述加密数据通信会话发送到所述网关而非发送到所述专用数据通信网络上的资源。
25.如权利要求24所述的网关，其特征在于，用于将第一程序发送到所述客户机的部件包括用于将ActiveX控件发送到所述客户机的部件。
26.如权利要求24所述的网关，其特征在于，用于将第一程序发送到所述客户机的部件包括用于将Java applet发送到所述客户机的部件。
27.如权利要求24所述的网关，其特征在于，用于将配置为在所述客户机上安装第二程序的第一程序发送到所述客户机的部件包括用于将第一程序发送到所述客户机的部件，其中所述第一程序配置为将动态拦截器安装在所述客户机的操作系统的层上。
28.如权利要求22所述的网关，还包括：
用于经由所述加密数据通信会话从所述客户机接收加密的通信的部件；
用于将所述加密的通信解密的部件；以及
用于将所解密的通信提供给所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的部件。
29.如权利要求28所述的网关，还包括：
用于在将所解密的通信提供给所述专用数据通信网络上的资源之前处理所解密的通信的部件。
30.如权利要求29所述的网关，其特征在于，用于处理所解密的通信的部件包括用于执行如下操作的至少其中之一的部件：
再次加密；
数据压缩；
负载平衡；
认证、授权和记账；或
高速缓存。
31.如权利要求22所述的网关，还包括：
用于接收来自所述专用数据通信网络上的资源且目的地为所述客户机的通信的部件；以及
用于经由所述加密数据通信会话将来自所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信发送到所述客户机的部件。
32.一种客户机，包括：
用于通过公共数据通信网络建立与网关的加密数据通信会话的部件；
用于拦截来自客户机应用程序且目的地为专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信的部件；以及
用于将所拦截的通信发送到所述网关而非发送到所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的部件，其中经由所述加密数据通信会话将所拦截的通信发送到所述网关。
33.如权利要求32所述的客户机，其特征在于，用于建立与网关的加密数据通信会话的部件包括用于建立与网关的安全套接字层数据通信会话的部件。
34.如权利要求32所述的客户机，其特征在于，用于经由所述加密数据通信会话将所拦截的通信发送到所述网关的部件包括：
用于将所拦截的通信加密的部件；以及
用于通过所述公共数据通信网络将所加密的拦截的通信发送到所述网关的部件。
35.如权利要求32所述的客户机，还包括：
用于响应所述加密数据通信会话的建立从所述网关接收编程组件的部件；以及
用于执行所述编程组件的部件，其中所述编程组件配置为拦截来自客户机应用程序且目的地为所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信，并将所拦截的通信发送到所述第一程序用于经由所述加密数据通信会话发送到所述网关。
36.如权利要求35所述的客户机，其特征在于，用于从所述网关接收编程组件的部件包括用于从所述网关接收第一程序的部件，以及
其中用于执行所述编程组件的部件包括用于执行所述第一程序的部件，其中执行所述第一程序的步骤包括安装第二程序，所述第二程序配置为拦截来自客户机应用程序且目的地为所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信，并将所拦截的通信提供给所述第一程序用于经由所述加密数据通信会话发送到所述网关。
37.如权利要求36所述的客户机，其特征在于，用于从所述网关接收第一程序的部件包括用于从所述网关接收ActiveX控件的部件。
38.如权利要求36所述的客户机，其特征在于，用于从所述网关接收第一程序的部件包括用于从所述网关接收Java applet的部件。
39.如权利要求36所述的客户机，其特征在于，安装第二程序的步骤包括将动态拦截器安装在所述客户机的操作系统的层上。
40.如权利要求32所述的客户机，还包括：
用于经由所述加密数据通信会话从所述网关接收加密的通信的部件，其中所述加密的通信包括来自所述专用数据通信网络上的资源的通信；
用于将来自所述网关的所述加密的通信解密的部件；以及
用于将所解密的通信提供给客户机应用程序的部件。
41.如权利要求32所述的客户机，还包括：
用于在将所拦截的通信发送到所述网关之前处理所拦截的通信的部件。
42.如权利要求41所述的客户机，其特征在于，用于处理所拦截的通信的部件包括用于执行域名服务器(DNS)名称解析的部件。
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US8726006B2 (en) 2014-05-13
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US8261057B2 (en) 2012-09-04
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US20100241846A1 (en) 2010-09-23
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