CN101699659A - Lens antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a lens antenna which comprises a metal loudspeaker (4) and a lens (1), wherein the metal loudspeaker (4) is provided with a feed source; the feed source is embedded in the smaller-diameter end of the metal loudspeaker (4), and the lens (1) is embedded in the larger-diameter end of the metal loudspeaker (4); the lens (1) comprises a core plate (2); the core plate (2) is a planar dielectric plate, and one of the planes is provided with a plurality of core-plate disresonance basic units; a core-plate metal square frame (5) is printed in each core-plate disresonance basic unit; and the areas of the core-plate disresonance basic units and the core-plate metal square frames (5) gradually decrease from the center to the edge of the core plate (2). As the core plate (2) is planar, the lens (1) is easy to manufacture. In addition, the lens (1) also comprises matching plates (3) positioned on both sides of the core plate (2). The matching plates (3) can reduce the reflection of the electromagnetic waves on the interface of the lens (1) and the air.

Description

A kind of lens antenna

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of lens antenna, be applied in reception and transmission information in the communication systems such as microwave radio relay communication, satellite communication.

Background technology

At present, the lens in the Chang Yong lens antenna all have arc-shaped curved surface.For example, application number is 97104401.5, name is called improves the patent document that di-lens reduces the lens antenna of internal reflection wave interference, a kind of lens antenna is disclosed, comprise a cone of radiation device and lens that are installed on the radiator opening, lens have a plane surface in the face of free space in first side, and in second side with respect to first side one hyperboloid of revolution are arranged.Application number is 200710140739.2, name is called a kind of patent document of radio wave lens antenna apparatus, a kind of lens antenna is disclosed, the hemisphere section of the ball that include hemisphere dragon uncle lens that dielectric forms, is located at these lens and make up than big reflecting plate of lens diameter size and the antenna element that is located at lens focus portion that supports by clamper integratedly, and, the portion of being oppositely arranged is provided with installation portion, almost vertically reflecting plate is installed in the portion of setting with ground.Application number is 200480008809.3, name is called a kind of patent document of Radiowave lens antenna device, a kind of lens antenna is disclosed, comprise the hemisphere dragon uncle lens of making by dielectric, size is greater than the reflecting plate of described lens diameter, this reflecting plate is arranged on the section of dividing spheroid equally, and half of this spheroid is hemisphere; Be arranged in the main feed source at the focus place of described lens, and the arm that is used for fixing described main feed source.In the above-mentioned document that retrieves, the lens in the lens antenna all are to have arc-shaped curved surface.This lens, very high to the surface accuracy requirement, so difficulty of processing is big.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of lens antenna, and it is simpler and easy that lens are made.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:

A kind of lens antenna comprises metal loudspeaker and lens that feed is housed; This feed is embedded at the less end of metal loudspeaker diameter, and these lens are embedded at the bigger end of metal loudspeaker diameter, and described lens comprise central layer; This central layer is the planar medium plate, and some central layer disresonance elementary cells are arranged on one of them plane; Be printed with a central layer metal square frame in each central layer disresonance elementary cell; The area of the area of this central layer disresonance elementary cell and central layer metal square frame successively decreases to marginal position from the center of central layer.

Some central layer disresonance elementary cells and central layer metal square frame that mutual correspondence is all arranged on two planes of described central layer.

Described central layer quantity is two at least; Fixedly connected between the adjacent central layer, its plane that is printed with central layer metal square frame is towards identical, and leaves the space between the adjacent central layer.

Described space is 2 millimeters to 4 millimeters.

Described space is filled with foam.

Described lens also comprise matching disc, and this matching disc is the planar medium plate, and some matching disc disresonance elementary cells are arranged on one of them plane; Be printed with a matching disc metal square frame in each matching disc disresonance elementary cell; The area of the area of this matching disc disresonance elementary cell and matching disc metal square frame successively decreases to marginal position from the center of matching disc; At least two of this matching discs lay respectively at the both sides of whole central layer, are printed with the plane that is printed with central layer metal square frame on the plane of matching disc metal square frame and the central layer on the matching disc and are complementary; Fixedly connected between adjacent matching disc and the central layer, and leave the space; On central layer and the mutual corresponding position of matching disc, central layer metal square frame and the dislocation of matching disc metal square frame are arranged.

Adopt the technical scheme of lens antenna of the present invention, have following beneficial effect:

1, lens antenna of the present invention is made simply, is convenient to extensive manufacturing.The present invention is arranged according to certain rules by the artificial electromagnetic material elementary cell, constitutes the lens antenna of gradually changed refractive index, and its technology that adopts is printed circuit board technology.These lens are fixed in the foam by constant spacing by the several layers printed circuit board (PCB), and are obviously more less than conventional lenses weight such as polystyrene dielectric lens.This lens antenna is the multilayer planar printed circuit board arrangement, than the curved-surface structure of traditional sucrose lens, is easy to extensive manufacturing, installation.

2, lens antenna of the present invention has the advantage of flexible design.These lens are made by artificial electromagnetic material, by adjusting basic-cell dimensions on it, can regulate the refractive index and the characteristic impedance of artificial equivalent medium arbitrarily, realize lens antenna flexibility in design.

3, the present invention has the characteristics of impedance matching.In the lens both sides matching disc is set, reducing electromagnetic wave on lens and air interface, the reflection that causes owing to impedance mismatching.Matching disc has obviously reduced the return loss of antenna feed.

4, the present invention has wide band characteristics.Owing to use artificial electromagnetic material basic structure to be the disresonance elementary cell, X-band in design, be in the 8GHz to 12GHz, the electromagnetic property of the artificial equivalent medium that is made of this elementary cell is insensitive to the response of frequency, so the present invention has broadband character.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of lens antenna of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the profile of a kind of lens antenna of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the central layer among the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of a disresonance elementary cell in the central layer among the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the matching disc among the present invention.

Fig. 6 a is the regularity of distribution figure that the relative dielectric constant of the disresonance elementary cell in the lens of the present invention changes with its length of side, and wherein operating frequency is 10GHz, and d is the length of side of disresonance elementary cell.

Fig. 6 b is the regularity of distribution figure that the relative permeability of the disresonance elementary cell in the lens of the present invention changes with its length of side, and wherein operating frequency is 10GHz, and d is the length of side of disresonance elementary cell.

Fig. 6 c is the regularity of distribution figure that the relative wave impedance of the disresonance elementary cell in the lens of the present invention changes with its length of side, and wherein operating frequency is 10GHz, and d is the length of side of disresonance elementary cell.

Fig. 6 d is the regularity of distribution figure that the refractive index of the disresonance elementary cell in the lens of the present invention changes with its length of side, and wherein operating frequency is 10GHz, and d is the length of side of disresonance elementary cell.

Fig. 7 is the actual measurement return loss plot of lens antenna of the present invention.

Fig. 8 a is the actual measurement antenna far field E face directional diagram of lens antenna of the present invention, and wherein the operating frequency of four curves is respectively 8.2GHz, 9.8GHz, 10.6GHz, 12.2GHz.

Fig. 8 b is the actual measurement antenna far field H face directional diagram of lens antenna of the present invention, and wherein the operating frequency of four curves is respectively 8.2GHz, 9.8GHz, 10.6GHz, 12.2GHz.

Among the figure, 1, lens; 2, central layer; 3, matching disc; 4, metal loudspeaker; 5, central layer metal square frame; 6, matching disc metal square frame.

Embodiment

As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of lens antenna of the present invention comprises metal loudspeaker 4 and lens 1 that feed is housed, and this feed is embedded at the less end of metal loudspeaker 4 diameters, and lens 1 are embedded at the bigger end of metal loudspeaker 4 diameters.Lens 1 are made by artificial electromagnetic material.Lens 1 can only comprise central layer 2.Central layer 2 is planar medium plates.Because lens 1 adopt tabular, do not have arc-shaped curved surface, so lens 1 are convenient to make processing, its accuracy of manufacture also is convenient to control.

As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, contain some central layer disresonance elementary cells on the central layer 2.This central layer disresonance elementary cell both can be positioned on the plane of central layer 2 away from feed, also can be positioned at central layer 2 near on the plane of feed, can also be positioned at simultaneously on two planes of central layer 2.This central layer disresonance elementary cell is square, and the centre is printed with a central layer metal square frame 5.The area of central layer disresonance elementary cell successively decreases to marginal position from the center of central layer 2, and the area of central layer metal square frame 5 also successively decreases to marginal position from the center of central layer 2 accordingly.When on two planes of central layer 2 central layer disresonance elementary cell being arranged all, central layer disresonance elementary cell is corresponding mutually, and the central layer metal square frame 5 in the central layer disresonance elementary cell also is corresponding mutually.Like this, contain the different central layer disresonance elementary cell of a series of areas on the central layer 2, the central layer metal square frame 5 different with a series of areas.Central layer disresonance elementary cell that these areas are different and central layer metal square frame 5 have guaranteed that the refractive index of lens 1 distributes according to certain rules.

The quantity of central layer 2 is one at least.Because central layer 2 thickness are limited, institute thinks and reaches designing requirement, can use polylith central layer 2 simultaneously.When adopting polylith central layer 2, the central layer disresonance elementary cell on each central layer 2 is corresponding mutually, and the central layer metal square frame 5 on it is also corresponding mutually.Simultaneously, when using polylith central layer 2, the plane that is printed with central layer metal frame 5 on the central layer 2 all is the one side away from feed towards identical, perhaps all is the one side near feed.For the two-sided central layer 2 that all prints central layer metal frame 5, its any mounting means is towards all meeting the demands.Like this, every central layer 2 all has identical refraction index profile rule.When adopting polylith central layer 2, fixedly connected between the adjacent central layer 2, and leave the space between the adjacent central layer 2.2 spaces that should keep 2 millimeters to 4 millimeters of adjacent central layer.For guaranteeing that the space immobilizes, can filled and process between the adjacent central layer 2.Like this, because the existence of foam just can not contact between the adjacent central layer 2.

In order to reduce electromagnetic wave in lens 1 surface reflection, improve antenna efficiency, lens 1 also comprise matching disc 3.As shown in Figure 5, the structure of this matching disc 3 is identical with the structure of central layer 2, is the planar medium plate all, contains matching disc disresonance elementary cell.This matching disc disresonance elementary cell both can be positioned on the plane of matching disc 3 away from feed, also can be positioned at matching disc 3 near on the plane of feed, can also be positioned at simultaneously on two planes of matching disc 3.This matching disc disresonance elementary cell is square, and the centre is printed with matching disc metal square frame 6.The area of the matching disc disresonance elementary cell on the matching disc 3 successively decreases to marginal position from the center of matching disc 3.Accordingly, matching disc metal square frame 6 areas also successively decrease to marginal position from the center of matching disc 3.

Because the parameter of central layer 2 and coupling version 3 is different, so on central layer 2 and matching disc 3 mutual corresponding positions, the symmetrical centre of the symmetrical centre of the central layer disresonance elementary cell on the central layer 2 and the matching disc disresonance elementary cell on the matching disc 3 is not on same straight line, i.e. central layer disresonance elementary cell on the central layer 2 and the matching disc disresonance elementary cell on the matching disc 3 dislocation is arranged.Accordingly, also not on same straight line, i.e. central layer metal square frame 5 and 6 dislocation of matching disc metal square frame are arranged for the symmetrical centre of matching disc metal square frame 6 and the symmetrical centre of central layer metal frame 5.

This matching disc 3 is arranged in the both sides of whole central layer 2, can respectively arrange 1, also can respectively arrange polylith.When arranging polylith matching disc 3, the matching disc disresonance elementary cell on all matching discs 3 is corresponding mutually, and the matching disc metal square frame 6 on it is also corresponding mutually.Like this, every block of matching disc 3 all has identical refraction index profile rule.Be printed with the plane of central layer metal square frame 5 towards identical on the plane that is printed with matching disc metal square frame 6 on the matching disc 3 and the central layer 2.When its two sides all the type metal square frame time, this matching disc or central layer towards all satisfying the coupling requirement.That is to say, be printed with the plane that is printed with central layer metal square frame 5 on the plane of matching disc metal square frame 6 and the central layer 2 on the matching disc 3 and be complementary;

The layout of matching disc 3 is good to arrange two in whole central layer 2 bilateral symmetry.Between the adjacent matching disc 3, and fixedly connected between adjacent matching disc 3 and the central layer 2, and leave the space.Certainly, can filled and process in this space, to avoid contact between the adjacent matching disc 3, contact between perhaps adjacent matching disc 3 and the central layer 2.

The edge contour of central layer 2 and matching disc 3 can be circular according to deciding with the metal horn shape of its coupling, also can be rectangle.Usually, metal loudspeaker 4 two ends are hollow cylinders, and the centre is the hollow round platform of transition.Lens 1 are inlayed in the bigger hollow cylinder of diameter, so bigger hollow cylinder internal diameter and lens 1 equal diameters of diameter.In the metal loudspeaker 4 of this structure, central layer 2 and matching disc 3 are rounded.Adopt the lens antenna of this structure, the refractive index n of central layer 2 _CoreFunction n _Core(r) be

$n_{\mathrm{core}}\left(r\right)=\frac{8}{25}+\frac{9}{5}n\left(r\right)-\frac{4}{25}\sqrt{4+45n\left(r\right)},$ Formula 1

The refractive index n of matching disc 3 _IMLFunction n _IML(r) be

$n_{\mathrm{IML}}\left(r\right)=\sqrt{n_{\mathrm{core}}\left(r\right)},$ Formula 2

Wherein, n (r) is the refraction index profile function of the whole lens when not considering matching layer:

$n\left(r\right)=n_0-\frac{\sqrt{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r"\; filenames="H2009102135055E0000012.png,H2009102135055E0000032.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}^2+S^2)}-S}{T},$ Formula 3

R is the radius of cylindrical lens; S is the focal length of cylindrical lens; T is the thickness of cylindrical lens; R is the distance that a bit arrives the cylinder axle center on the cylindrical lens arbitrarily, 0≤r≤R; n ₀Be when not considering matching layer, the refractive index of lens circle centre position, promptly the refractive index during r=0 is constant, and is general, 1.5≤n ₀≤ 2.5; n _IML(r), n _Core(r) be to consider after the matching layer whole index of refraction in lens distribution function.

Fig. 6 a to Fig. 6 d represents, when the disresonance elementary cell length of side on central layer 2 or the matching disc 3 changes to the 2.7mm of center by the 0.6mm of marginal position, and the variation of disresonance elementary cell correlated performance parameter.Wherein, solid line is a real part, and dotted line is an imaginary part.When imaginary part was very little, loss was just very little, can ignore.Under the general lossless situation, the performance parameter numerical value of indication disresonance elementary cell is exactly real part.Shown in Fig. 6 a, disresonance elementary cell effective dielectric constant changes to 6.0 by 1.6; Shown in Fig. 6 b, equivalent permeability changes to 0.85 by 1; Shown in Fig. 6 c, characteristic impedance changes to 0.4 by 0.85; Shown in Fig. 6 d, refractive index changes to 2.25 by 1.15.This shows the distribution of the refractive index coincidence formula of realizing with this disresonance elementary cell 1,2,3.

As shown in Figure 7, the present invention increases matching disc 3 in lens 1 both sides, has reduced the reflection of electromagnetic wave between lens 1 and air, makes return loss S11 in 8GHz to 12GHz frequency range below the maintenance-13dB.This has guaranteed that antenna has 40% impedance bandwidth.

Shown in Fig. 8 a and Fig. 8 b, in the actual measurement antenna far field E face directional diagram and H face directional diagram of lens antenna of the present invention, in the frequency band of 8.2GHz to 12.2GHz, secondary lobe remains at the E face-below the 17dB, remain at the H face-below the 24dB, antenna keeps Low Sidelobe on whole X-band.Simultaneously, along with increase frequency, antenna equivalence bore face becomes big relatively, the half power lobe narrowed width, and antenna keeps high directionality on whole X-band.This shows that the antenna far-field performance is good, can be used for fully in the communication systems such as satellite communication or microwave radio relay communication.

Claims (9)

1. a lens antenna comprises metal loudspeaker (4) and lens (1) that feed is housed; This feed is embedded at the less end of metal loudspeaker (4) diameter, and these lens (1) are embedded at the bigger end of metal loudspeaker (4) diameter, it is characterized in that described lens (1) comprise central layer (2); This central layer (2) is the planar medium plate, and some central layer disresonance elementary cells are arranged on one of them plane; Be printed with a central layer metal square frame (5) in each central layer disresonance elementary cell; The area of the area of this central layer disresonance elementary cell and central layer metal square frame (5) successively decreases to marginal position from the center of central layer (2).

2. according to the described lens antenna of claim 1, it is characterized in that the some central layer disresonance elementary cells and the central layer metal square frame (5) of mutual correspondence all arranged on two planes of described central layer (2).

3. according to claim 1 or 2 described lens antennas, it is characterized in that described central layer (2) quantity is two at least; Fixedly connected between the adjacent central layer (2), its plane that is printed with central layer metal square frame (5) is towards identical, and leaves the space between the adjacent central layer (2).

4. according to the described lens antenna of claim 3, it is characterized in that described space is 2 millimeters to 4 millimeters.

5. according to the described lens antenna of claim 4, it is characterized in that described space is filled with foam.

6. according to the described lens antenna of claim 5, it is characterized in that described lens (1) also comprise matching disc (3), this matching disc (3) is the planar medium plate, and some matching disc disresonance elementary cells are arranged on one of them plane; Be printed with a matching disc metal square frame (6) in each matching disc disresonance elementary cell; The area of the area of this matching disc disresonance elementary cell and matching disc metal square frame (6) successively decreases to marginal position from the center of matching disc (3); (3) at least two of this matching discs lay respectively at the both sides of whole central layer (2), are printed with the plane that is printed with central layer metal square frame (5) on the plane of matching disc metal square frame (6) and the central layer (2) on the matching disc (3) and are complementary; Fixedly connected between adjacent matching disc (3) and the central layer (2), and leave the space; On central layer (2) and the mutual corresponding position of matching disc (3), central layer metal square frame (5) and matching disc metal square frame (6) dislocation are arranged.

7. according to the described lens antenna of claim 6, it is characterized in that the matching disc disresonance elementary cell and the matching disc metal square frame (6) of mutual correspondence all arranged on (3) two planes of described matching disc.

8. according to the described lens antenna of claim 6, it is characterized in that described matching disc (3) has four, be arranged symmetrically in the both sides of whole central layer (2) respectively, and adjacent matching disc is filled with foam between (3), is filled with foam between adjacent matching disc (3) and the central layer (2).

9. according to the described lens antenna of claim 7, it is characterized in that described matching disc (3) has four, be arranged symmetrically in the both sides of whole central layer (2) respectively, and adjacent matching disc is filled with foam between (3), is filled with foam between adjacent matching disc (3) and the central layer (2).

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