CN101726579B - 血液检测试剂和方法 - Google Patents
血液检测试剂和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明一方面提供了一种血液检测试剂,所述检测试剂包含:(1).作为荧光染料的具有通式I结构的化合物;其中n、X、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5及Y-如说明书中定义;(2).选自阳离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂的表面活性剂。本发明还一方面提供了一种检测血液的方法,所述方法步骤包括以下步骤:(a)将血样与本发明的血液检测试剂混合形成细胞悬液;(b)检测细胞的散射光和荧光信号;和(c)依据散射光和荧光信号对血液中的细胞进行分类计数。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及血液检测试剂及其使用方法,更具体地讲,本发明涉及用于对血液中细胞进行分类计数的血液检测试剂及采用所述试剂进行血液检测的方法。
背景技术
网织红细胞是骨髓中晚幼红细胞脱核后到完全成熟的红细胞之间的过渡型细胞,网织红细胞从骨髓释放到外周血后,随着其不断成熟,细胞内的RNA含量也逐渐减少,直至完全消失。因此,细胞内RNA的含量表示了网织红细胞的成熟程度。网织红细胞是血液学诊断中评估红细胞生成能力的基础性试验,是贫血诊断、分型和疗效检测的基础,能够确认骨髓的化疗和移植疗效,检测EPO(促红细胞生成素)的疗效等。
目前被广泛采用的网织红细胞计数方法主要是显微镜目视计数法。但目视计数法的主要缺点是检测时间过长,而且易受染色时间、观察部位、检验者技术水平等多种因素影响,存在着变异系数大、重复性差等缺点。
越来越多的实验室开始使用流式细胞仪或基于流式细胞技术的全自动血液细胞分析仪对网织红细胞进行检测。
早期流式细胞仪检测法中使用的荧光染料主要有吖啶橙(acridineorange,AO)、硫磺素(thioflavin T)、柯苯胺(chrysaniline)和噻唑橙(thiazole orange,TO)等。这几种染料都存在透膜性差的缺点,染色时需要较长的孵育时间(几分钟到几十分钟)。后来开发出一种新型荧光染料金胺O(auramine O,AuO),可以使染色孵育时间大为缩短(最低可 至30秒),但该荧光染料存在“方向性噪声”(orientational noise)的问题,影响网织红细胞和成熟红细胞的分类计数。
因此,本领域需要开发出一种能够快速、有效对血液中的细胞进行分类计数的试剂及方法,尤其是对血液中的网织红细胞进行分类计数的试剂及方法。
发明内容
本发明一方面提供了一种血液检测试剂,所述检测试剂包含:
(1).作为荧光染料的具有通式I结构的化合物:
其中
n为1、2或3;
X为C(CH3)2、O、S或Se;
R1和R2各自独立选自H、卤素、C1-18烷基磺酸基,且R1和R2不同时为H;
R3、R4各自独立选自C1-18烷基、C1-18烷基OR5;且R2为卤素时R3和R4不同时为烷基;
R5为氢原子、酰基或者低级烷基;
Y-为负离子;
(2).选自阳离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂的表面活性剂。
本发明还一方面提供了一种检测血液的方法,所述方法步骤包括以下步骤:(a)将血样与本发明的血液检测试剂混合形成细胞悬液;(b)检测细胞的散射光和荧光信号;和(c)依据散射光和荧光信号 对血液中的细胞进行分类计数。
本发明的血液检测试剂等具有优异且快速的染色作用,其形成的复合物发射波长在近红外区,避免了生物自身的荧光背景干扰,有助于提高检测结果的精确度,同时可在流式细胞分析仪上用作各种生物样品的染色剂。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例测定方法中使用的流式细胞分析仪的光学系统示意图。
图2是使用本发明一个实施例的含荧光染料和SDS的血液检测试剂,测定外周血的前向散射光和荧光信号后生成的散点图;
图3是使用本发明一个实施例的含荧光染料和十烷基三甲基氯化铵的血液检测试剂,测定外周血的前向散射光和荧光信号后生成的散点图;
图4是使用本发明一个实施例的含荧光染料和椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的血液检测试剂,测定外周血的前向散射光和荧光信号后生成的散点图。
图5是本发明实施例方法中的网织红细胞测定值与ICSH推荐的新亚甲蓝染色法的测定值的相关性。
具体实施方式
定义
除另有说明外,本文中使用的术语具有以下含义。
本文中使用的术语“烷基”,无论是单独使用还是与其他基团结合使用,指包含1-18、优选1-12、更优选1-8、最优选1-6个碳原子的直链烷基和支链烷基。如提及单个烷基如“正丙基”,则只特指直链烷基,如提及单个支链烷基如“异丙基”,则只特指支链烷 基。例如,“C1-6烷基”包括C1-4烷基、C1-3烷基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基和叔丁基。类似的规则也适用于本说明书中使用的其它基团。
本发明所用术语“低级烷基”具有本领域所使用的常规含义,通常指C1-6烷基。
本文中使用的术语“酰基”是指与基团-CO-结合的上述定义的“烷基”,其中所述“烷基”包含1-18、优选1-12、更优选1-8、最优选1-6个碳原子,例如甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基等。
本文中使用的术语“卤素”包括氟、氯、溴和碘。
本文中使用的术语“生物样品”包括但不限于核酸、血液中的有核红细胞、网织红细胞等。
本发明的血液检测试剂
本发明一方面提供了一种血液检测试剂,所述检测试剂包含:
(1).作为荧光染料的具有通式I结构的化合物;以及
(2).选自阳离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂的表面活性剂。
具有通式I结构的化合物
现有技术中常用的荧光染料主要有吖啶橙(acridine orange,AO)、硫磺素(thioflavin T)、柯苯胺(chrysaniline)和噻唑橙(thiazole orange,TO)等。这些染料都存在透膜性差的缺点,染色时需要几分钟到几十分钟的较长孵育时间。
在US4,981,803中公开了一种新型荧光染料金胺O(auramine O,AuO)。该荧光染料可以使染色孵育时间大为缩短(最低可至30秒),但采用该染料进行染色时,红细胞进入检测区时会产生“方向性噪声”(orientational noise)的问题,影响网织红细胞和成熟红细胞的分类计数。
本发明所采用的作为荧光染料的化合物具有以下通式I结构:
其中
n为1、2或3;
X为C(CH3)2、O、S或Se;
R1和R2各自独立选自H、卤素、C1-18烷基磺酸基,且R1和R2不同时为H;
R3、R4各自独立选自C1-18烷基、C1-18烷基OR5;且R2为卤素时R3和R4不同时为烷基;
R5为氢原子、酰基或者低级烷基;
Y-为负离子。
优选R1和R2各自独立选自H、卤素、C1-6烷基磺酸基,且R1和R2不同时为H。
优选R3为C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基OR5。
优选R4为C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基OR5。
优选R5为H、C1-3烷基CO或C1-6烷基。
优选X为C(CH3)2、O或S。
优选n为1或2。
优选Y为卤素离子、ClO4 -、PF6 -、CF3SO3 -、BF4 -、乙酸根或对甲苯磺酸根负离子。
所述具有通式I结构的化合物具体可选自:
本发明的化合物对生物样品如核酸、有核红细胞、网织红细胞等具有良好的染色作用,其形成的复合物发射波长在近红外区,避免了生物自身的荧光背景干扰,有助于提高检测结果的精确度,同时可在流式细胞分析仪上用作各种生物样品的染色剂。
所述化合物可作为本文中所述的盐形式直接用于生物样品的染色。或者,在一个实施方案中,所述化合物可作为式I化合物的衍生物的形式使用,所述衍生物包括但不限于缀合物。
典型地,缀合物在荧光激活细胞分选仪(FACS)中使用。本文中使用的“缀合物”是指本发明化合物通过共价键与其它分子连接而形成的化合物。可与本发明化合物缀合的分子可为与细胞或细胞成分特异性结合的分子,包括但不限于抗体、抗原、受体、配体、酶、底物、辅酶等。
有关本发明所用的具有通式I结构的化合物的具体描述可参见申请人同时待审的中国发明专利申请,申请号为200810067815.6,发明名称为不对称菁类化合物、其制备方法及应用。该专利申请通过引用结合到本文中。
为了保证对网织红细胞以及白细胞的充分染色,染料的使用浓度通常为1-100mg/L,优选为5-50mg/L。染料浓度过低,会使细胞染色不充分,导致测定结果的精密度下降。而染料浓度过高又会增加成熟红细胞的荧光背景,二者都不利于网织红细胞的分类和计数。
表面活性剂
在本发明的血液检测试剂中包含表面活性剂,所述表面活性剂选自阳离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂。
表面活性剂在本发明的血液检测试剂中一方面可使成熟红细胞和网织红细胞球形化,消除“方向性噪声”对测定的影响。另一方面,它还能加速染料快速进入细胞,保证细胞内核酸的快速染色。
两性离子表面活性剂的具体例子如椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱(Cocoamidopropyl Betaine)和十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(Dodecyldimethyl betaine)。两性离子表面活性剂的通常用量约为20-150mg/L。
阳离子表面活性剂的具体例子如十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)和十烷基三甲基氯化铵(decyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)。阳离子表面活性剂的通常用量分别约为50-1200mg/L。
阴离子表面活性剂如十二烷基硫酸钠(Sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠。阴离子表面活性剂的通常用量分别约为1-120mg/L。
阴离子表面活性剂不会增加成熟红细胞的荧光背景,使得网织红细胞和成熟红细胞更易区分。另外,采用阴离子表面活性剂可得到较为清晰的网织红细胞和白细胞的分界,得到较好的网织红细胞的分类计数结果。因此,优选本发明血液检测试剂的表面活性剂为阴离子表面活性剂。更优选本发明血液检测试剂的表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠。
过低的表面活性剂使用浓度会导致细胞球形化不佳,细胞染色效果差。而过高的使用浓度则会增加成熟红细胞的荧光背景,甚至引起红细胞裂解的情况。
其它组分
本发明的血液检测试剂还可包括用于调节pH的缓冲剂。常见的缓冲剂如磷酸盐、Tris、Hepes、硼酸盐可单独或混合使用,其使用浓度通常为0.01-0.1mmol/L,优选为0.01-0.05mmol/L。使用缓冲剂通常将试剂的pH值控制在在6.0-10.0之间,优选为7.5-9.5。过低的pH会降低阳离子染料对核酸的结合能力,而过高的pH则会增加成熟红细胞的荧光背景。
本发明的血液检测试剂还可包括用于调节渗透压的渗透压调节剂。试剂的渗透压一般控制在170-350mOsm/kg之间,优选为200-350mOsm/kg。常用的碱金属盐、葡萄糖、甘露醇等均可将试剂渗透压控制在合理范围内。
除上述成分外,试剂中还可进一步包括尼波金酯类和异噻唑啉酮类等化合物作为防腐剂等。
采用本发明的血液检测试剂检测血液的方法
本发明还一方面提供了一种检测血液的方法,所述方法步骤包括以下步骤:(a)将血样与本发明的血液检测试剂混合形成细胞悬液;(b)检测细胞的散射光和荧光信号;和(c)依据散射光和荧光信号对血液中的细胞进行分类计数。
在流式细胞仪或全自动血液细胞分析仪上使用本发明的血液检测试剂对血液细胞进行检测时,首先将血液样本和本发明的血液检测试剂按一定比例,通常为1:100-1:500混匀制备成细胞悬液,并在反应温度35-45℃的条件下孵育20-40秒。然后将细胞悬液注入到如图1所示的光学系统进行检测。
在上述光学系统内,单个细胞依次进入流动室,并使用半导体激光器发出的波长630nm左右激发光对其进行照射。本发明血液检测试剂所用的荧光染料可以在640nm附近被激发且其波长在40℃可以保持稳定,因此与使用的半导体激光器工作波长相匹配。
之后细胞发出的光散射信号被收集到光电二极管中,散射光的收集角度可以为低角(0°-5°),也可以为高角(6°-20°)。而细胞发出的荧光信号则被侧向的光电倍增管所收集。
光散射信号和荧光信号被输入到数据处理单元进行分析处理。最终,依据细胞的光散射信号和荧光信号将血液中的各种进行分类和计数。
本发明的血液检测试剂中所用的荧光染料对RNA有一定的特异性染色。众所周知,网织红细胞是成熟红细胞的前体细胞,其胞浆内含有嗜碱性的RNA等物质。因此,特别优选本发明提供的血液检测试剂用于检测血液中的网织红细胞。
实施例
以下所提供的实施例仅用于对本发明作出进一步的举例说明,而无意于对说明书作出任何限定。
除非另有声明,否则以下实施例中所用的血液细胞检测设备为深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司生产的BC系列流式细胞分析仪,检测波长640nm。所述细胞分析仪的原理图如图1所示。
实施例1
本发明提供的一种血液检测试剂的成分及含量如下:
花菁类染料 10mg/L
Tris 2.42g/L
柠檬酸三钠·2H2O 17.64g/L
SDS 4mg/L
H2O 加至1L的量
(用HCl将试剂pH值调至9.0)
其中血液检测试剂所用的作为荧光染料的通式I化合物具如下结构:
取一血液标本,经国际血液学标准化委员会(ICSH)推荐的新亚甲蓝染色法确认,其网织红细胞百分比为1.60%。取血液样本4μL与1mL上述试剂混匀形成细胞悬液,42℃孵育40秒。然后使细胞悬液通过流式细胞检测仪,并测定细胞的前向(0°)散射光信号和荧光信号,生成如图2所示散点图,散点图中网织红细胞百分比为1.65%。
实施例2
本发明提供的一种血液检测试剂的成分及含量如下:
花菁类染料 10mg/L
Tris 2.42g/
柠檬酸三钠·2H2O 17.64g/L
十烷基三甲基氯化铵 800mg/L
H2O 加至1L的量
(用HCl将试剂pH值调至9.0)
其中花菁类染料具如下结构
取一血液标本,经国际血液学标准化委员会(ICSH)推荐的新亚甲蓝染色法确认,其网织红细胞百分比为4.10%。取血液样本4μL与1mL上述试剂混匀形成细胞悬液,42℃孵育40秒。然后使细胞悬液通过流式细胞检测仪,并测定细胞的前向(0°)散射光信号和荧光信号,生成如图3所示散点图,散点图中网织红细胞百分比为4.03%。
实施例3
本发明提供的一种血液检测试剂的成分及含量如下:
花菁类染料 10mg/L
Tris 2.42g/L
柠檬酸三钠·2H2O 17.64g/L
椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱 80mg/L
H2O 加至1L的量
(用HCl将试剂pH值调至9.0)
其中花菁类染料具如下结构
取一血液标本,经国际血液学标准化委员会(ICSH)推荐的新亚甲蓝染色法确认,其网织红细胞百分比为6.80%。取血液样本4μL与1mL试剂混匀形成细胞悬液,42℃孵育40秒。然后使细胞悬液通过流式细胞检测仪,并测定细胞的前向(0°)散射光信号和荧光信号,生成如图4所示散点图,散点图中网织红细胞百分比为6.69%。
实施例4
取临床血液标本148份,其中网织红细胞正常的标本54份,异常标本94份。分别使用实施例1中所述方法以及ICSH推荐的新亚甲蓝染色法对网织红细胞进行检测,其相关性如图5。
由以上实施例可见,采用本发明的血液检测试剂可以实现对血液中各种细胞进行快速且稳定的测试。
已通过上述各实施方案和具体实施例对本发明作出说明,但本领域技术人员会理解,在不偏离本发明宗旨和范围的情况下,可对本发明作出各种修改、变更和替换。
Claims (29)
2.权利要求1的血液检测试剂,其中R1和R2各自独立选自H、卤素、C1-6烷基磺酸基,且R1和R2不同时为H。
3.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中R3为C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基OR5。
4.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中R4为C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基OR5。
5.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中R5为H、C1-3烷基CO或C1-6烷基。
6.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中X为C(CH3)2、O或S。
7.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中n为1或2。
8.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中Y-为卤素离子、ClO4 -、PF6 -、CF3SO3 -、BF4 -、乙酸根或对甲苯磺酸根负离子。
10.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中通式I结构的化合物的浓度为1至100 mg/L。
11.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中通式I结构的化合物的浓度为5至50 mg/L。
12.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中所述表面活性剂选自阴离子表面活性剂。
13.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中所述表面活性剂选自十二烷基硫酸钠或十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
14.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中所述表面活性剂选自两性离子表面活性剂。
15.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中所述表面活性剂选自椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱或十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱。
16.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中所述表面活性剂选自阳离子表面活性剂。
17.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,其中所述表面活性剂选自十二烷基三甲基氯化铵或十烷基三甲基氯化铵。
18.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,所述检测试剂还包含选自磷酸盐、Tris、Hepes、硼酸盐及其组合的pH缓冲剂。
19.权利要求18的血液检测试剂,其中所述pH缓冲剂的pH值为6.0-10.0。
20.权利要求18的血液检测试剂,其中所述pH缓冲剂的pH值为7.5-9.5。
21.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,所述检测试剂还包含选自碱金属盐、葡萄糖和甘露醇的渗透压调节剂。
22.权利要求21的血液检测试剂,其中所述渗透压调节剂控制渗透压在170-350 mOsm/kg之间。
23.权利要求21的血液检测试剂,其中所述渗透压调节剂控制渗透压为200-350 mOsm/kg。
24.权利要求1-2中任一项的血液检测试剂,所述检测试剂还包含选自尼波金酯类和异噻唑啉酮类的防腐剂。
25.一种检测血液的方法,所述方法步骤包括以下步骤:(a)将血样与权利要求1-23中任一项的血液检测试剂混合形成细胞悬液;(b)检测细胞的散射光和荧光信号;和(c)依据散射光和荧光信号对血液中的细胞进行分类计数。
26.权利要求25的方法,其中所述步骤(b)中的细胞为网织红细胞、成熟红细胞以及白细胞。
27.权利要求26的方法,其中所述血液中的细胞为网织红细胞。
28.权利要求25-27中任一项的方法,其中所述步骤(a)中血液样本与血液检测试剂的混合比例为1:100至1:500。
29.权利要求25-27中任一项的方法,其中所述步骤(a)中血液样本与血液检测试剂的混合孵育时间为35-45oC下20-40秒。
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