CN101971124A - 用户界面系统 - Google Patents
用户界面系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101971124A CN101971124A CN2009801016678A CN200980101667A CN101971124A CN 101971124 A CN101971124 A CN 101971124A CN 2009801016678 A CN2009801016678 A CN 2009801016678A CN 200980101667 A CN200980101667 A CN 200980101667A CN 101971124 A CN101971124 A CN 101971124A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
- H01H35/24—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
- G06F3/0202—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the input device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04102—Flexible digitiser, i.e. constructional details for allowing the whole digitising part of a device to be flexed or rolled like a sheet of paper
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04103—Manufacturing, i.e. details related to manufacturing processes specially suited for touch sensitive devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/048—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/048
- G06F2203/04809—Textured surface identifying touch areas, e.g. overlay structure for a virtual keyboard
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/96062—Touch switches with tactile or haptic feedback
Abstract
优选实施方式的用户界面系统包括:层,其限定表面;衬底,其支撑层并至少部分地限定腔;位移装置,其联接于腔,并适合于使腔膨胀,从而使表面的特定区域变形;触摸传感器,其联接于衬底,并适合于感知靠近表面的特定区域的用户触摸;及显示器,其联接于衬底,并适合于向用户输出图像。优选实施方式的用户界面系统具体地设计成被合成在诸如移动电话的显示器的电子装置中,但可以合成在以视觉和触觉方式与用户交互的任何适当的装置中。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是于2008年1月4日递交的、名称为“System and Method for Raised Touch Screens”的、申请号为11/969,848的在先申请的部分继续申请案,该申请通过引用被完全并入。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及摸感显示器(touch sensitive display)。更具体地,本发明涉及用于使摸感显示器的部分选择性地凸起的系统和方法。
背景
例如触摸屏的摸感显示器在使用者在显示器上直接输入命令和数据的应用中非常有用。触摸屏的一般应用包括消费者产品,诸如蜂巢电话和用于工艺过程控制的用户界面。根据这些摸感显示器的特殊应用,它们一般用于装置中,该装置的范围从小型手持式个人数字助理,到中型尺寸的平板电脑,到大件的工业设备。
能够在同一显示器上向和从用户输入和输出数据常常是便利的。不像专用输入装置,诸如具有分离的定义好的键的键区,很多摸感显示器总体上是平面的。结果,摸感显示器不为一个或多个控制“按钮”提供任何触觉引导。相反,摸感显示器依赖用于用户输入的视觉引导。
因此,摸感显示器的一个严重缺陷是其固有的难于精确地输入数据的困难,因为邻近的按钮不能通过感觉区别。错误地输入的键的敲击是常见的,使用者被迫将他的或她的眼睛保持在显示器上。触觉引导的重要性在苹果手机(Apple iPhone)和黑莓8800手机(BlackBerry 8800)之间的竞争中是很显然的。在受限的尺寸下,本发明之前的移动电话能够包括或者大屏幕或者触觉按钮。有了本发明,移动电话和其他适当的电子装置可以包括大屏幕和触觉按钮这两者。
附图简述
图1是优选实施方式的用户界面系统的俯视图。
图2是阐明根据优选实施方式的按钮阵列的操作的横截面图。
图3a和图3b是优选实施方式的层(layer)、衬底(substrate)、腔、触摸传感器和显示器的横截面图,其中,腔分别处于收缩体积位置(retracted volume setting)和膨胀体积位置(expanded volume setting)中。
图4a和图4b是位于衬底上方的触摸传感器的横截面图,其中,腔分别处于收缩体积位置和膨胀体积位置中。
图5a和图5b是层和衬底结合为单一结构的横截面图,其中,腔分别处于收缩体积位置和膨胀体积位置中。
图6a和图6b是层和衬底之间的支撑件的横截面图,其中,腔分别处于收缩体积位置和膨胀体积位置中。
图6c是支撑件的俯视图。
图6d是部分地限定腔的可选支撑件的横截面图。
图7a和图7b是层、衬底、腔、触摸传感器、显示器和改变腔中存在的流体的位移装置的横截面图,其中,腔分别处于收缩体积位置和膨胀体积位置中。
图8是层、衬底、腔、触摸传感器、显示器和将额外的流体移入腔中的第一实例的位移装置的示意图。
图9是层、衬底、腔、触摸传感器、显示器和将额外的流体移入腔中的第二实例的位移装置的示意图。
图10a和图10b是层、衬底、腔、触摸传感器、显示器和将额外的流体移入腔中和从腔中移出的第三实例的位移装置的示意图,其中,腔分别处于收缩体积位置和膨胀体积位置中。
图11、12、13、14和15分别是按钮变形物、滑块变形物(slider deformation)、滑块环变形物(slider ring deformation)、导向件变形物(guide deformation)和触控点变形物(pointing stick deformation)的俯视图和侧视图。
图16是优选实施方式的不同操作模式的流程图。
图17是优选实施方式的不同的输入图表、不同的腔位置和不同的用户触摸的示意图。
图18a和图18b是连接于单一位移装置的腔和第二腔的示意图,其中,腔分别处于收缩体积位置和膨胀体积位置中。
图19a和图19b是连接于分离的位移装置的腔和第二腔的示意图,其中,腔分别处于收缩体积位置和膨胀体积位置中。
图20a、20b和20c是连接于线性致动器的腔和第二腔的示意图,其中,分别是腔处于膨胀体积位置中而第二腔处于收缩体积位置中,腔和第二腔都处于收缩体积位置中,以及腔处于收缩体积位置中而第二腔处于膨胀体积位置中。
图21a是在同一装置上布置在拨号盘垫(dial pad)中的第一腔阵列和布置在QUERTY键盘中的第二腔阵列的示意图。
图21b和图21c分别是与第一腔阵列对准的拨号盘垫和与第二腔阵列对准的QUERTY键盘的显示器的示意图。
优选实施方式描述
本发明的优选实施方式的以下描述不倾向于将本发明限制于这些优选实施方式,而是使得本领域任何技术人员能够制造和使用本发明。
如图1和图2所示,优选实施方式的用户界面系统100包括:层110,其限定表面115;衬底120,其支撑层110并至少部分地限定腔125;位移装置130,其联接于腔125并适合于使腔125膨胀,从而使表面115的特定区域变形;触摸传感器140,其联接于衬底120并适合于感知靠近表面115的特定区域的用户触摸;以及显示器150,其联接于衬底120并适合于将图像输出给用户。
优选实施方式的用户界面系统100已经明确地被设计成合成到电子装置中,该电子装置诸如机动的控制台的显示器、桌面电脑、膝上电脑、平板电脑、电视、收音机、办公桌电话、移动电话、个人数字助理、个人导航装置、个人媒体播放器、照相机或手表等。然而,用户界面系统可以合成到任何适当的装置中,该装置以视觉和触觉方式与用户交互。
1.层和衬底
如图2所示,优选实施方式的层110起作用以提供以触觉方式与用户交互作用的表面115。表面115优选地是连续的,以便当在表面115上重击手指时,用户将感觉不到任何中断或衔接口。表面115还优选地是平坦的。表面115优选地布置成平面的面,但可以可选地布置成弯曲的面。层110还起作用以根据腔125的膨胀变形,并且优选地根据腔125的收缩“松懈”或“不变形”回到正常平坦状态。层110优选地是弹性的。在一种形式中,层110在特定区域中弹性相对地较大,而在其他区域中弹性相对地较小,并且在弹性相对较大的区域中变形。在其他形式中,层110总体上弹性均匀。在又一形式中,层110包括智能材料(smart material)或由智能材料制成,该智能材料诸如镍钛(一般称为“镍钛诺”)等,其具有可选择的和/或可变的弹性。层110优选地是视觉地透明的,但可以可选地是半透明的或不透明的。除了透明度,层110优选地具有以下特性:高传输、低雾度、宽视角、根据显示器150(如果显示器150联接于用户界面)的最小量的背后反射系数、抗刮伤、抗化学药品、抗玷污和对于触摸来说相对光滑(不粘)。层110优选地由适当的弹性材料制成,该弹性材料包括聚合体和诸如聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)或RTV硅(例如RTV硅615)的硅基弹性体。然而,层110可以由任何适当的材料制成,该材料提供表面115并变形。在一种形式中,层110是小于1mm厚(优选地50到200微米)的单一均匀的层。在另一形式中,层110可以使用多个层或用相同材料或不同的适当材料的涂层来构造。
优选实施方式的衬底120起作用以支撑层110,并至少部分地限定腔125。在一种形式中,如图3a和图3b所示,使用粘合剂、超声波结合、氧等离子体表面处理或对本领域技术人员来说已知的任何其他适当的技术,将层110直接地连接到衬底120。在该形式中,衬底120和层110协作地限定腔125(其中,衬底120限定“容器”,层110限定“容器”上的“隔膜(membrane)”)。在另一形式中,如图4a和图4b所示,采用诸如触摸传感器140的另外的元件将层110间接地连接于衬底120,和/或位于层110和衬底120之间的显示器150。在该形式中,衬底120和介入中间的元件(intervening element)限定腔125。在又一形式中,如图5a和图5b所示,层110和衬底120形成为单一结构,该单一结构完全地限定腔125。在再一形式中,如图6a和图6b所示,衬底120可以包括在表面115的特定区域下方的类格子的支撑件(lattice-like support member)160。当腔125膨胀且表面115中出现变形物时,支撑件160起作用以阻止用户将变形物“按压太远”到表面115的平面下方。当腔125不膨胀且表面115中不出现变形物时,支撑件160起作用以当在表面115上重击手指时减少(或潜在地消除)用户感觉到表面115中的“断片(divot)”。如图6c所示,支撑件160优选地包括孔洞或通道,其允许腔125的膨胀和表面115的变形。支撑件160优选地与衬底120一体形成,但可以可选地与层110一起形成或可以单独地形成并随后连接于衬底120。最后,如图6d所示,支撑件160可以可选地部分地限定腔125。衬底120优选地是刚性的,但可以可选地在一个或多个方向上是柔性的。衬底120-如果位于显示器150上方的话-优选地是视觉地透明的,但可以-如果位于显示器150下方或者如果不与显示器150捆扎的话-是半透明的或不透明的。衬底120优选地由一种材料制成,该材料包括聚合体或玻璃,例如弹性体、诸如聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)的硅基有机聚合体、诸如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的热固性塑料和诸如全氟聚醚(perfluropolyethers)的光固化抗溶解弹性体。然而,衬底120可以由支撑腔110并至少部分地限定腔125的任何适当的材料制成。在优选形式中,衬底120是大约1mm到0.1mm厚的单一均匀的层,并可使用用于微流体阵列的公知技术来制造,以产生一个或多个腔和/或微通道(micro channel)。在可选形式中,衬底120可以使用相同材料的或不同的适当材料的多个层构造成。
如图3a和图3b所示,优选实施方式的腔125起作用以保持流体并具有至少两个体积位置:收缩体积位置(如图3a所示)和扩充体积位置(extended volume setting)(如图3b所示)。流体优选地是液体(诸如水、甘油或乙二醇),但可以可选地是气体(诸如空气、氮气或氩气)或者使腔125膨胀并使表面115变形的任何其他物质(诸如凝胶体或气凝胶)。在扩充体积位置中,腔125扩充到表面115的平面的上方,从而使得表面115的特定区域变形。如以上解释的,腔125优选地由衬底120和层110(或介入中间的元件)或者作为单一结构的衬底120和层110限定。在一种形式中,如图6a和图6b所示和以下进一步解释的,腔125不具有与用户界面系统100的任何其他元件的任何流体连接。在该形式中,位移装置130可以位于腔125中或邻近腔125。在另一形式中,腔125包括经由通道与(远程定位的)位移装置130的流体连接。在这两种情况中,腔125可以看作“封闭的腔”,因为腔125优选地不透流体(除与位移装置130的任何流体连接外)。当用于移动电话装置时,腔125优选地具有2-10mm的直径。然而,当用于该应用或其他应用时,腔125可以具有任何适当的尺寸。
2.位移装置
优选实施方式的位移装置130起作用以改变流体的体积,从而将腔125从收缩体积位置膨胀到扩充体积位置,并最终使表面115的特定区域变形。位移装置130优选地通过(1)改变腔125中存在的流体的体积或者(2)向腔125添加流体和从腔125移除流体来改变流体的体积。然而,位移装置130可以通过任何适当的装置或方法改变流体的体积。改变腔125中存在的流体的体积更可能地具有更少复杂性的优点,而(如果使用阀或其他可锁定的机构的话)向腔125添加流体和从腔125移除流体更可能地具有不需要额外的能量维持表面115的变形物的优点。当用于移动电话装置时,位移装置130优选地将腔125中的流体的体积增大约0.003-0.1ml。然而,当用于该应用或其他应用时,流体的体积可以增大(或可能减小)任何适当的量。
改变腔125中存在的流体可以以数种方式完成。在第一实例中,如图7a和图7b所示,流体可以是可膨胀的流体,位移装置130可以包括加热元件,该加热元件加热可膨胀的流体,从而(根据理想气体定律,PV=nRT)使腔125中存在的流体的体积膨胀。位于腔125中或邻近腔125的加热元件优选地是(由诸如TaN或镍铬合金的材料制成的)电阻加热器。在第二实例中,流体可以包括可膨胀的物质,诸如塑料的可膨胀的微球体。在第三实例中,流体可以包括石蜡。尽管这是三个实例,但位移装置130可以是任何其他适当的装置或方法,其最终通过改变腔125中存在的流体将腔125从收缩体积位置膨胀到扩充体积位置。
将流体添加到腔125和将流体从腔125移除也可以以数种方式完成。在第一实例中,如图8所示,位移装置130包括保持额外流体的储器(reservoir)132和将流体从储器132移到腔125的泵134。储器132优选地远离腔125(并通过通道138或其他适当的装置连接),但可以可选地定位成邻近腔125并直接地连接于腔125。通道138的一部分优选地是(具有1微米到1000微米范围的横截面尺寸的)微流控通道(micro-fluidic channel),但根据用户界面系统100的尺寸和成本约束,通道138可以具有任何适当的尺寸。泵134优选地是(诸如来自德国茨魏布吕肯的ThinXXs Microtechnology AG的泵#MDP22O5或者来自德国多特蒙德的Bartels Mikrotechnik GmbH的泵#mp5的)微型泵(micro-pump)。泵134优选地定位成距腔125一个距离,且优选地通过通道138连接于腔125。为了将腔125从收缩体积位置扩充到扩充体积位置,泵134将流体从储器132通过通道138移入到腔125中。为了将腔125从扩充体积位置收缩到收缩体积位置,泵134优选地以倒转方向从腔125“泄出”或泵出到储器132。在第二实例中,如图9所示,位移装置130包括:保持额外流体的储器132、将流体从储器132移到腔125的第一泵134、将流体从腔125移到储器132的第二泵136、位于第一泵134和腔125之间的第一阀,以及位于腔125和第二泵136之间的第二阀。为了将腔125从收缩体积位置扩充到扩充体积位置,第一阀打开,第二阀关闭,且第一泵134将流体从储器132通过通道138移入到腔125中。为了将腔125从扩充位置收缩到收缩位置,第一阀关闭,第二阀打开,且第二泵136将流体从腔125通过通道138移入到储器132中。在其他方面中,第二实例类似于以上的第一实例。用户界面系统100可以省略第二泵136,并且简单地通过打开第二阀并允许腔125泄出或“排出”到储器132中(潜在地由层110返回到未变形状态的弹性协助)来将腔125从扩充体积位置收缩到收缩体积位置。在第三实例中,如图10a和图10b所示,位移装置130包括诸如线性致动器的致动器,其将流体移入和移出腔125。为了将腔125从收缩体积位置扩充到扩充体积位置,如图10a所示,线性致动器将流体通过通道138移入到腔125中。为了将腔125从扩充体积位置收缩到收缩体积位置,如图10b所示,线性致动器以倒转方向将流体从腔125吸到储器132。在其他方面中,第三实例类似于以上的第二实例。尽管这是这三个实例,但位移装置130可以是任何其他适当的装置或方法,其最终通过将流体添加到腔125和将流体从腔125移除来将腔125从收缩体积位置膨胀到扩充体积位置。
尽管表面115的特定区域的变形的原因已经被描述为腔125中的流体的体积的改变,但是可能将变形的原因描述为表面115下方的压力相对于表面115上方的压力的增加。当用于移动电话装置时,层110下方的压力相对于层110上方的压力的约0.1psi到10.0psi的增加,对于使表面115的特定区域变形来说是优选地足够的。然而,当用于这些或其他应用时,压力的改变可以增加(或可能地减少)任何适当的量。
表面115的变形物起作用以提供触觉反馈,该触觉反馈以信号告知表面115的特定区域的位置。当结合显示器150上的输入图表使用时,表面115的变形物优选地以信号告知触摸传感器140上的输入的位置。变形物优选地起作用为:(1)按钮,其可被用户按压,并以信号告知按钮下方的触摸传感器140上的单一输入的位置,(2)滑块,其可被用户按压,并以信号告知滑块下方的触摸传感器140上的多个输入的位置,(3)导向件,其以信号告知邻近导向件的触摸传感器140上的多个输入的位置,及(4)触控点,其以信号告知触控点下方和邻近触控点的触摸传感器140上的多个输入的位置。然而,变形物可以起作用为任何其他适当的装置或方法,其以信号告知表面115的特定区域的位置。如图11所示,按钮优选地具有类穹顶的形状,但可以可选地具有(具有平面的顶表面的)类圆柱的形状、类角锥的形状、(具有平面的顶部的)类立方体的形状,或任何其他适当的按钮形状。触摸传感器140优选地识别作为用户输入的进入到按钮中的任何用户触摸145。如图12和图13所示,滑块优选地具有类脊状的形状(示于图12中),但可以可选地具有类环形的形状(示于图13中)、类加号的形状,或任何其他适当的滑块形状。触摸传感器140优选地识别进入到滑块的在不同位置处的用户触摸145,并将这些用户触摸区别为不同的用户输入。作为一个实例,具有类环形形状的滑块可以类似苹果iPod(第二代)的“点拨轮”起作用。如图14所示,导向件优选地具有双脊形状或双环形状。不像意在被用户按压的按钮和滑块那样,导向件意在以信号告知紧邻意在被用户按压的区域的位置。触摸传感器140优选地识别在两个脊之间在不同位置处的用户触摸145,并将这些用户触摸区别为不同的用户输入。在另一形式中,导向件可以省略第二脊。像按钮那样,触控点优选地具有类穹顶的形状,如图15所示,但可以可选地具有(具有平面的顶表面的)类圆柱的形状、类角锥的形状、(具有平面的顶部的)类立方体的形状,或任何其他适当的按钮形状。触控点意在以信号告知意在被用户按压的区域的下方和邻近该区域的位置。触摸传感器140优选地识别在触控点下方和周围的不同位置处的用户触摸145,并将这些用户触摸区别为不同的用户输入。作为一个实例,触控点可以类似于IBM的商标为TRACKPOINT的触控点和Synaptics的商标为TOUCHSTYK的触控点(它们均非正式地公知为“奶嘴(nipple)”)起作用。
3.触摸传感器和显示器
优选实施方式的触摸传感器140起作用以感知靠近表面115的特定区域的用户触摸。触摸传感器140优选地位于衬底120下方(如图3a和图3b所示),但可以可选地位于衬底120的上方(如图4a和图4b所示)。如果位于衬底120上方的话,除了感知用户触摸外,触摸传感器140还起作用以根据腔125的膨胀而变形,且因此触摸传感器140优选地具有类似于层110的弹性特性。作为该形式的变体,触摸传感器140可以起作用为部分地限定腔125的层110。触摸传感器140优选地以连续方式或多步方式感知用户触摸。例如,触摸传感器140优选地区别(不显著地改变表面115的变形物的)静止的用户触摸、(将表面115部分地推回到表面115的正常的、未膨胀的平面的)温和用户触摸和(将表面115完全地推回到表面115的正常的、未膨胀的平面的)硬的用户触摸。换句话说,触摸传感器140优选地感知变形物的不同“高度”。然而,触摸传感器140可以以二进制方式(“开”或“关”)简单地感知用户触摸。在一个实例中,触摸传感器140优选地是传统的电容式触摸传感器,诸如Synaptics出售的商标为CLEARPAD的触摸板,但是可以是感知用户触摸的任何适当的装置。电容式触摸传感器优选地基于腔125中或腔125附近的两个位置之间的电容的改变来感知用户触摸。在另一实例中,触摸传感器140是或者位于腔125中或者联接于腔125的压力传感器。压力传感器优选地基于由表面115的变形物上的用户触摸引起的腔125中的压力的改变来感知用户触摸。在又一实例中,触摸传感器140与位移装置130集成以感知由表面115的变形物上的用户触摸引起的或者是流体位移或者是压力改变。尽管这是三个实例,但触摸传感器140可以是任何其他适当的装置或方法,其感知靠近表面115的变形物的用户触摸。
优选实施方式的显示器150起作用以与用户以视觉方式交互。显示器150优选地是传统的液晶显示器(LCD),但可以可选地是显示输出的任何适当的装置。在一种形式中,如图3a和图3b所示,显示器150位于衬底120下方。在另一形式中,触摸传感器140和显示器150可以集成为单一结构,其不仅感知用户输入而且显示输出。例如,不仅有触摸屏作用而且有扫描器作用的植入有光学传感器的LCD由日本的夏普电子在2007新闻公告中被公之于众。该组合的触摸传感器/显示器-如果是柔性的话-可以位于衬底120的上方,且-如果不是柔性的话-可以位于衬底120的下方。如果显示器150位于衬底120和流体的下方,则衬底120和流体优选地是透明的,且优选地被选择以具有实质上相似的(如果不相同的话)折射率。具有实质上相似的折射率的衬底120和流体的实例包括:PMMA(其具有1.489的折射率)和Cargille实验室序列A流体(其覆盖1.460至1.640的范围)或邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和水的混合物。当用于移动电话时,在本文中的“实质上相似”优选地意指相对于彼此+/-0.1。当用于此应用和其他应用中时,“实质上相似”可以可选地意指足够相似以阻止显示器150的观察失真。显示器150优选地输出数种不同的视觉输出。输出之一优选地是输入图表,该输入图表与表面115的可被处于扩充体积位置中的腔125变形的表面115的特定区域对准。适当的输入图表的实例包括QUERTY键盘的单独的字母、拨号盘垫中的单独的数字和地图上的不同位置。
4.处理器
优选实施方式的用户界面系统100还包括处理器,其联接于位移装置130和触摸传感器140。如图16所示,处理器起作用以以扩充腔模式和收缩腔模式操作用户界面系统100。在扩充腔模式中,如果表面115的特定区域变形,则进一步显著地使表面115的特定区域变形的用户触摸优选地被识别为第一类型的用户输入。不显著地使表面115的特定区域变形的用户触摸,诸如用户将其手指搁在变形物上的触摸,优选地不被识别为第一类型的用户输入(并优选地被忽略)。以此方式,表面115的变形物额外地起作用以使用户触摸与触摸传感器140间隔开,并允许用户将其手指搁在变形物(输入的位置)上,而不促成输入。用户是否显著地或不显著地使表面115的特定区域变形的问题可以通过制造者、处理器或用户设定或改变。在收缩腔模式中,如果表面115的特定区域不变形,则在表面115中的特定区域处的用户触摸优选地不被识别为第一类型的用户输入,而被识别为第二类型的用户输入,其与第一类型的用户输入是可区别的。
处理器还可起作用以自动地改变用户界面系统100的设置。在第一实例中,在极低的温度中,对于位移装置130来说,改变流体的体积以使腔125膨胀和使表面115变形是不可能的。处理器可以联接于温度传感器,并可以在这种情况下使位移装置130失效。在第二实例中,在高海拔的情况下(或在减少的气压的飞机中),对于位移装置130来说,改变流体的体积以使腔125收缩是不可能的。处理器可以联接于压力传感器,并可以在这种情况下或者使位移装置130失效(或关闭特定阀),或者可以简单地调整被改变的流体的体积。
如图17所示,处理器还可以联接于显示器150,以便在表面115的相同变形物下不同的输入图表可以被显示,且不同的输入可以被识别。作为一个实例,当腔125处于扩充体积位置时,显示器150可以包括第一类型的输入图表(诸如字母),且在变形物上的用户输入将是第一类型的(诸如字母),并且显示器150可以包括第二类型的输入图表(诸如数字),且在变形物上的用户输入将是第二类型的(诸如数字)。当腔125处于收缩体积位置时,显示器150可以进一步包括第三类型的输入图表(诸如“回车”或“接受”输入),且在触摸传感器140上的用户输入将是第三类型的(诸如“回车”或“接受”输入)。
处理器还可起作用以改变显示器150的输出,以更正或调整由表面115中的变形物引起的任何光学失真。应该预想,在某些应用中,当观察显示器150时,变形物的尺寸可能引起“鱼眼”效应。优选地通过经验数据,处理器可以调整输出以帮助更正此失真。
处理器优选地包括用于位移装置130的单独的和远程的控制器、用于触摸传感器140的单独的和远程的控制器,以及用于显示器150的单独的和远程的控制器。然而,处理器可一体地包括用于这些元件中的一个或多个的控制器。
5.第二腔
如图1和图2所示,优选实施方式的用户界面系统100还包括第二腔225。除了以下详述的,附加的腔优选地与腔125一致。在一个形式中,如图18a和图18b所示,位移装置130连接于腔125和第二腔225,并且适合于作为阵列一起起作用以使腔125和第二腔225一起扩充,从而使得表面115的不止一个区域同时变形。在第二形式中,用户界面系统100包括位于位移装置130和腔125之间的阀和位于位移装置130和第二腔225之间的另一阀,以分别选择性地控制流体流入腔125中和第二腔225中。在第三形式中,如图19a和图19b所示,用户界面系统100包括连接于第二腔225的第二位移装置230,其起作用以使第二腔225膨胀,并从而使得表面115的第二区域变形。在其他方面,第二位移装置230与位移装置130相似或相同。通过分别地控制位移装置130和第二位移装置230,腔125和第二腔225可以独立地膨胀。在第四形式中,如图20a、图20b和图20c所示,位移装置130是线性致动器,其可或者使腔125膨胀并使第二腔225收缩(示于图20a中),或者使腔125和第二腔225收缩(示于图20b中),或者使腔125收缩并使第二腔225膨胀(示于图20c中)。此布置在腔的大的阵列中特别有用,如图21a所示,在该处,与拨号盘对准的腔可以膨胀(示于图21b中),或者与QUERTY键盘对准的腔可以膨胀(示于图21c中)。
6.电源
优选实施方式的用户界面系统100还包括或者电源或者动力产生装置(power harnessing device),两者均起作用以为位移装置130(及可能地用户界面系统的其他元件,诸如触摸传感器140和/或显示器150)提供动力。电源优选地是传统的电池,但可以是为位移装置130提供动力的任何适当的装置或方法。优选地集成到折叠手机(flip phone)或膝上电脑的铰链中的动力产生装置起作用以产生电子装置的正常使用(诸如折叠手机或膝上电脑的屏幕的打开)中涉及的能量的一部分。动力产生装置可以可选地集成在单独的机械输入装置(诸如移动电话侧面上的按钮,或自动表中出现的“自上发条的”装置)中或任何其他适当的装置或方法中,以产生电子装置的正常使用中涉及的能量的一部分。
7.可选实施方式
本发明的可选实施方式的用户界面系统省略了显示器150。在其他方面,可选实施方式的用户界面系统与优选实施方式的用户界面系统100是相似的或相同的。可选实施方式的用户界面系统可以合成到电子装置中,该电子装置典型地不包括显示器,诸如电子装置的外围设备。适当的外围设备包括鼠标、触控板、键盘和远程控制器。这些外围设备常常仅通过触摸使用,而不是通过视觉使用。然而,用户界面系统可以合成到任何适当的装置中。
如用户交互领域的技术人员将从前述详细的说明和从附图和权利要求意识到的,可以对本发明的优选实施方式做出改变和变化,而不背离所附的权利要求中限定的本发明的保护范围。
Claims (37)
1.一种用户界面系统,包含:
·层,所述层限定表面;
·衬底,所述衬底支撑所述层,并至少部分地限定腔;
·位移装置,所述位移装置联接于所述腔,并适合于使所述腔膨胀,从而使所述表面的特定区域变形;及
·触摸传感器,所述触摸传感器联接于所述衬底,并适合于感知靠近所述表面的所述特定区域的用户触摸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述层大体上是弹性的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述表面实质上是连续的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述衬底和所述层协作地限定所述腔。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述层和所述衬底形成为单一结构。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述腔具有至少两个体积位置:收缩体积位置和扩充体积位置。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述表面是实质上平坦的,且其中,在所述扩充体积位置中,所述腔延伸超过所述表面的平面。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述腔包含流体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述位移装置适合于改变所述流体的体积以使所述腔膨胀。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述位移装置包括加热元件,所述加热元件用以加热所述流体以改变所述流体的体积。
11.根据权利要求8所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述位移装置连接于所述腔,并适合于将额外的流体移入所述腔中以使所述腔膨胀。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用户界面系统,还包含:储器,所述储器适合于包含额外的流体;及通道,所述通道连接所述储器和所述腔,其中,所述位移装置将额外的流体从所述储器通过所述通道移入到所述腔中以使所述腔膨胀。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述位移装置是线性致动器。
14.根据权利要求12所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述通道的至少一段是微流控通道。
15.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述变形物是按钮,且其中,所述触摸传感器适合于感知使所述按钮变形的用户触摸。
16.根据权利要求15所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述按钮包括实质上穹顶状的突出物。
17.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述变形物是导向件,且其中,所述触摸传感器适合于感知在邻近所述导向件的所述表面上的不同位置处的用户触摸。
18.根据权利要求17所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述导向件包括实质上脊状的突出物。
19.根据权利要求17所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述导向件包括两个实质上脊状的突出物。
20.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述衬底位于所述层和所述触摸传感器之间。
21.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述触摸传感器包括限定所述表面的所述层。
22.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述触摸传感器包括电容触摸传感器。
23.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,还包含处理器,所述处理器联接于所述触摸传感器,并适合于以至少以下两种模式操作所述用户界面系统:
·第一模式:如果所述表面的所述特定区域变形,则进一步使所述表面的所述特定区域变形的用户触摸被识别为第一类型的用户输入,及
·第二模式:如果所述表面的所述特定区域未变形,则在所述表面中的所述特定区域处的用户触摸不被识别为第一类型的用户输入。
24.根据权利要求23所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述第一模式进一步被限定为:如果所述表面的所述特定区域变形,则实质上不进一步使所述表面的所述特定区域变形的用户触摸不被识别为第一类型的用户输入。
25.根据权利要求23所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述第二模式进一步被限定为:如果所述表面的所述特定区域未变形,则在所述表面中的所述特定区域处的用户触摸被识别为第二类型的用户输入,所述第二类型的用户输入与所述第一类型的用户输入是可区别的。
26.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,还包含联接于所述衬底的显示器。
27.根据权利要求26所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述显示器适合于视觉地输出至少两个图像,其中,一个图像包括与所述表面的所述特定区域实质上对准的输入键的图像,所述表面的所述特定区域可被所述腔变形。
28.根据权利要求26所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述显示器和所述触摸传感器被集成为单一装置。
29.根据权利要求26所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述显示器包括限定所述衬底的所述层。
30.根据权利要求26所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述衬底位于所述层和所述显示器之间。
31.根据权利要求30所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述腔保持流体,且其中,所述流体和所述衬底实质上是透明的。
32.根据权利要求31所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述流体和所述衬底具有实质上相似的折射率。
33.一种电子装置,具有如权利要求26所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述电子装置选自由机动的控制台、桌面电脑、膝上电脑、平板电脑、电视、收音机、办公桌电话、移动电话、个人数字助理、个人导航装置、个人媒体播放器、照相机和手表所组成的组。
34.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述衬底至少部分地限定第二腔,其中,所述位移装置也连接于所述第二腔,并适合于使得第一腔和所述第二腔膨胀,从而使所述表面的两个区域变形。
35.根据权利要求1所述的用户界面系统,其中,所述衬底至少部分地限定第二腔,还包含第二位移装置,所述第二位移装置连接于所述第二腔,并适合于使所述第二腔膨胀,从而使所述表面的第二区域变形。
36.一种外围设备,用于具有如权利要求1所述的用户界面系统的电子装置,其中,所述外围设备选自由鼠标、触控板、键盘和远程控制器所组成的组。
37.一种用户界面系统,包含:
·弹性的层,所述弹性的层限定实质上连续的且实质上平坦的表面;
·衬底,所述衬底支撑所述层,并至少部分地限定腔,所述腔保持流体,并具有至少两个体积位置:收缩体积位置和扩充体积位置;
·位移装置,所述位移装置联接于所述腔,并适合于改变所述流体的体积,从而使所述腔从所述收缩体积位置膨胀到所述扩充体积位置,其中,处于所述扩充体积位置中的所述腔延伸超过所述表面的平面,从而使所述表面的特定区域变形;
·触摸传感器,所述触摸传感器联接于所述衬底,并适合于感知靠近所述表面的所述特定区域的用户触摸;
·显示器,所述显示器联接于所述衬底,并适合于视觉地输出至少两个图像,其中一个图像包括与所述表面的所述特定区域实质上对准的输入键的图像,所述表面的所述特定区域可被所述腔变形,其中,所述衬底位于所述层和所述显示器之间,且其中,所述流体和所述衬底实质上是透明的且实质上是折射率匹配的;及
·处理器,所述处理器联接于所述触摸传感器,并适合于以至少以下两种模式操作所述用户界面系统:
·第一模式:如果所述表面的所述特定区域变形,则进一步使所述表面的所述特定区域变形的用户触摸被识别为第一类型的用户输入,及
·第二模式:如果所述表面的所述特定区域未变形,则在所述表面中的所述特定区域处的用户触摸被识别为第二类型的用户输入,所述第二类型的用户输入与所述第一类型的用户输入是可区别的。
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US20160364000A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
KR20100136446A (ko) | 2010-12-28 |
KR101551993B1 (ko) | 2015-09-09 |
US20130342466A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 |
JP5406210B2 (ja) | 2014-02-05 |
EP2250544B1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
EP2250544A4 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
JP2011508935A (ja) | 2011-03-17 |
US20090174673A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
US9035898B2 (en) | 2015-05-19 |
CN101971124B (zh) | 2013-11-13 |
US8547339B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 |
US8717326B2 (en) | 2014-05-06 |
US20140210761A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
WO2009088985A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
EP2250544A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
US20150248165A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
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