CN102396206A - 用于在经由网络进行通信的装置之间建立连接的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于在经由网络进行通信的装置之间建立连接的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN102396206A
CN102396206A CN2010800168356A CN201080016835A CN102396206A CN 102396206 A CN102396206 A CN 102396206A CN 2010800168356 A CN2010800168356 A CN 2010800168356A CN 201080016835 A CN201080016835 A CN 201080016835A CN 102396206 A CN102396206 A CN 102396206A
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布莱恩·卢卡斯
伊利亚·阿斯尼斯
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/14Session management
    • H04L67/141Setup of application sessions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/102Gateways
    • H04L65/1043Gateway controllers, e.g. media gateway control protocol [MGCP] controllers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60Network streaming of media packets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75Media network packet handling
    • H04L65/765Media network packet handling intermediate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50Network services
    • H04L67/56Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/567Integrating service provisioning from a plurality of service providers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/16Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/18Multiprotocol handlers, e.g. single devices capable of handling multiple protocols
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/02Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for separating internal from external traffic, e.g. firewalls

Abstract

本发明描述用于在各自经由网络进行通信的客户端与服务器之间建立连接的系统和方法。举例来说,可使用所述方法和技术在存在防火墙或对直接网络连接的其它阻碍时在媒体播放器与易地播放装置之间建立媒体串流连接。中继服务器经由所述网络从所述客户端以及从所述服务器接收连接请求。响应于接收所述请求,在所述中继服务器与所述客户端之间建立第一连接,且在所述中继服务器与所述服务器之间建立第二连接。将由所述中继服务器在所述第一和第二连接中的每一者上接收的数据中继到所述第一和第二连接中的另一者,以借此经由所述中继服务器在所述客户端与所述服务器之间建立所述连接。

Description

用于在经由网络进行通信的装置之间建立连接的系统和方法
相关申请案的交叉参考
本申请案主张2009年4月17日申请的第12/426,103号美国非临时申请案的优先权。
技术领域
本发明大体涉及用于在网络上通信的装置之间建立连接的系统和方法。此类系统和技术可能(例如)在通过一个或一个以上防火墙逻辑上彼此分离的装置之间建立连接方面有用。在各种实施例中,下文描述的技术和系统可用于在媒体播放器与在网络上提供媒体内容的易地播放(placeshifting)装置之间建立串流连接,但等效概念可容易应用于任何数目的其它应用和环境中。
背景技术
因特网和其它数字通信网络持续对个人和职业生活的每个方面具有显著影响。网络通信归因于便携式计算装置的减少的成本和增加的能力、移动电话和其它无线通信技术的增加的流行度和能力以及其它因素而正变得愈加普遍。因此,消费者越来越期望在不考虑此类内容的物理或地理接近度的情况下访问数据、娱乐和其它媒体。
作为一实例,消费者已对“易地播放”装置表现出很大兴趣,“易地播放”装置允许远程观看在除观看者的原始电视机外的位置处的电视或其它媒体内容。易地播放装置通常将可在局域网或广域网上传输到便携式计算机、移动电话、个人数字助理、远程电视或其它能够为观看者回放经包化媒体流的远程装置的媒体内容包化。易地播放因此允许消费者从例如其它房间、酒店、办公室和/或其中便携式媒体播放器装置可获得对无线或其它通信网络的接入权的任何其它位置等远程位置观看其媒体内容。其它媒体和其它数据密集型应用正类似地享有广泛的消费者关注度。
虽然现代计算和网络技术允许增加的移动性和对所要内容的改进的接入,但接入与安全性之间常常存在折衷。尽管防火墙和其它结构可有效维持网络安全性,但这些相同结构可具有阻止对所要服务的接入的非所要的效应。使用易地播放作为一实例,如果防火墙或其它安全结构驻留在希望通信的两个实体之间,那么在易地播放装置与媒体播放器之间建立连接可能非常具有挑战性。除了阻止对安全网络的非所要的接入外,接着,防火墙还可能阻止对易地播放或其它服务的合法且所要的接入,尤其是在防火墙由用户不正确或不完全配置的情况下。
在客户端与服务器之间有效建立连接用于易地播放、媒体串流和/或其它应用可常常提出挑战。因此需要创建用于经由网络在客户端与服务器之间可靠且便利地建立连接的系统和方法。从结合附图和此背景技术部分考虑的后续详细描述和所附权利要求书中将了解这些和其它合意的特征和特性。
发明内容
根据各种示范性实施例,描述用于在各自经由网络进行通信的客户端与服务器装置之间建立连接的系统和方法。下文描述的某些方法和技术可在一些实例中用于在存在防火墙或对直接网络连接的其它阻碍时在媒体播放器与易地播放装置之间建立媒体串流连接。其它实施例可等效地用于其它环境中,包含与媒体串流等有关的任何环境。
在各种实施例中,提供一种在各自经由网络进行通信的媒体播放器与易地播放装置之间建立媒体串流连接的方法。中继服务器接收与媒体播放器相关联的第一请求和与易地播放装置相关联的第二请求。响应于接收第一和第二请求,在中继服务器与媒体播放器之间建立第一连接,且在中继服务器与易地播放装置之间建立第二连接。将中继服务器在第一和第二连接中的每一者上接收的数据中继到第一和第二连接中的另一者,以借此经由中继服务器在媒体播放器与易地播放装置之间建立媒体串流连接。
在其它实施例中,提供一种用于经由中继服务器在各自经由网络进行通信的客户端装置与服务器装置之间建立连接的方法。首先跨网络在客户端装置与服务器装置之间尝试无连接会话。如果所述无连接会话不成功,那么引导客户端和服务器经由网络联系中继服务器,其中通过经由网络上预先存在的连接传输的消息来引导服务器。响应于客户端和服务器随后联系中继服务器,在中继服务器与客户端之间建立第一连接,且在中继服务器与服务器之间建立第二连接。接着将中继服务器在第一和第二连接中的每一者上接收的数据中继到第一和第二连接中的另一者,以借此经由中继服务器在客户端与服务器之间建立连接。
在另外其它实施例中,提供一种用于在各自经由网络进行通信的媒体播放器与易地播放装置之间建立媒体串流连接的系统。中继管理器模块经配置以接收在媒体播放器与易地播放装置之间建立媒体串流连接的请求。中继实例模块经配置以响应于所述请求而建立与媒体播放器的第一连接和与易地播放装置的第二连接,且将在第一和第二连接中的每一者上接收的数据中继到第一和第二连接中的另一者,以借此在媒体播放器与易地播放装置之间建立媒体串流连接。
下文更详细描述各种实施例、方面和其它特征。
附图说明
下文将结合以下图式描述示范性实施例,图式中相同数字表示相同元件,且
图1是用于在客户端节点与服务器节点之间建立和支持中继连接的示范性系统的框图;
图2是展示用于在客户端与服务器之间可靠地建立连接的示范性过程的消息流程图;以及
图3是用于在客户端节点与服务器节点之间建立中继连接的示范性过程的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明的以下详细描述本质上仅为示范性的,且不希望限制本发明或本发明的应用和用途。此外,无意受前述背景技术或以下详细描述中呈现的任何理论束缚。
根据各种实施例,中继服务器可建立与客户端和服务器的单独连接以当直接连接不可用时有效地桥接两个装置之间的通信。中继服务器可建立(例如)与媒体播放器以及与易地播放装置的单独连接,且可随后视需要在两个连接之间中继数据。此外,尽管在中继服务器与客户端和服务器中的任一者或两者之间建立的两个连接可使用任何协议或技术来实施,但在一些实施方案中,所述连接为可从防火墙后方发起的可靠连接(例如,传输控制协议(TCP)连接)。通过提供能够将两个单独连接之间的信息中继到客户端和服务器的中继服务器,向用户提供用于容易地建立客户端-服务器连接的非常可信赖的机制。此外,在许多实施方案中可容易将配置此连接所需的大多数信息自动化,借此极大地改进客户端与服务器之间的成功连接的可能性,同时减小与配置此类连接相关联的复杂性(以及,因此带来的受挫感)。
尽管以下论述为了方便说明而常常提起易地播放装置和技术,但等效实施例可在任何数目的其它环境中应用本文描述的相同结构和方法。事实上,本文描述的技术可容易用于经由任何种类的网络在任何种类的客户端和/或服务器之间建立通信。此类应用的实例可包含任何种类的媒体串流应用、任何种类的媒体共享或存储应用,或其中客户端正试图建立与经由防火墙或其它安全机制逻辑上与客户端隔离的服务器的连接的任何其它应用。
现转向图式且起初参看图1,用于经由网络110在客户端102与服务器104之间建立连接的示范性网络系统100适宜地包含在与客户端102和服务器104单独建立的两个连接之间中继数据的中继系统116。系统100因此允许客户端102和服务器104使用中继系统116通信,即使防火墙106原本会阻止客户端102与服务器104之间的直接通信,如下文更充分描述。
客户端102是能够接收由一个或一个以上服务器104经由网络110提供的串流、基于文件的数据和/或其它数据的任何装置、组件、模块、硬件、软件和/或其它网络节点。客户端102可用任何种类的硬件、软件、固件和/或类似物实施,包含任何种类的通用或专用计算平台。在各种实施例中,客户端102是个人计算机(例如,“膝上型”计算机或类似地便携式计算机,但也可使用桌上型计算机)、移动电话、个人数字助理、机顶盒(STB)、任何种类的音频/视频接收器、视频游戏播放器、导航装置、个人媒体播放器(例如,可从法国伊尼(Igny,France)的爱可视公司(Archos company)购得的ARCHOS产品)等。在许多实施例中,客户端102是通用计算装置,其包含媒体播放器或呈软件或固件形式的能够安全地连接到服务器104(如下文更充分描述)且能够在适当时接收内容并向装置的用户呈现内容的其它应用。然而,在其它实施例中,客户端102是能够经由网络110的任何部分接收数据且能够对所接收数据进行解码以向用户提供适当输出(例如,在电视或其它显示器上的输出)的独立或其它单独的硬件装置。可在一些实施例中使用的独立媒体接收器产品的一个实例为可从加州福斯特市(Foster City,California)的斯灵媒体(Sling Media)购得的SLINGCATCHER产品,但可等效地使用其它产品。
服务器104为能够在网络110上传输包化数据的任何组件、硬件、软件逻辑和/或类似物。在一些实施例中,包化数据是呈MPEG、Quicktime、Windows Media、Real Media或任何其它格式的媒体内容的包化流,但在其它实施例中可等效地应用任何种类的串流、基于文件的数据和/或其它数据。服务器104可用任何种类的通用或专用硬件、软件和/或固件实施,包含任何种类的常规个人计算机、工作站或其它服务器系统。
适于在易地播放应用中使用的服务器104的若干实例可使用可从加州福斯特市的斯灵媒体购得的各种SLINGBOX产品中的任一者来实施,但在其它实施例中可使用其它产品或服务器104。许多不同类型的易地播放装置通常能够从例如任何种类的数字视频记录器(DVR)、机顶盒(STB)、电缆或卫星节目源、DVD播放器和/或类似物等外部源接收媒体内容。在其它实施例中,服务器104可与任何种类的内容接收或其它能力集成。服务器104可为(例如)也提供代码转换和易地播放特征的混合STB或其它接收器。此装置可接收对从天线、调制解调器、服务器和/或其它源接收的电视节目或其它内容进行编码的卫星、电缆、广播和/或其它信号。接收器可进一步对所接收信号进行解调或以其它方式解码以提取可本地观看和/或在适当时向远程客户端102易地播放的节目。此类装置还可包含存储在硬盘驱动器、存储器或其它存储媒体上以在适当时支持个人或数字视频记录器(DVR)特征的内容数据库,或其它内容库。因此,在一些实施例中,媒体源可物理上和/或逻辑上包含于与服务器104共同的组件、外壳或机箱内。常规易地播放功能、特征、系统和结构的实例在第2006/0095471号美国专利公开案中描述,但本文描述的特征可等效地与除所述特定公开案中描述的技术和结构外的任何数目的其它技术和结构一起应用。
在另外其它实施例中,服务器104是在常规计算系统(例如,个人计算机)上执行的软件程序、小程序等。在此类实施例中,服务器104可对(例如)通常提供到计算系统的用户以供向远程位置易地播放的一些或所有屏幕显示进行编码。能够提供此功能性的一个装置是在常规个人计算机上执行的可从加州福斯特市的斯灵媒体购得的SlingProjector产品,但也可使用其它产品。且再次,在系统100中使用的客户端102和服务器104的类型不限于易地播放装置;可等效地应用能够在网络110上通信的任何其它客户端102和服务器104。
在其它实施例中,服务器104简单地在网络110上提供串流、基于文件的信息和/或任何其它种类的信息,包含对数据库询问的响应等。如上所述,本发明特征不限于易地播放应用,且可与在网络110上操作的任何常规服务器104装置或应用一起使用。
网络110为能够在发送者(例如,服务器104)与接收者(例如,客户端102)之间传输消息的任何数字或其它通信网络。在各种实施例中,网络110包含支持任何数目的通信协议的任何数目的公共或私人数据连接、链接或网络。网络110可包含(例如)因特网或任何其它基于TCP/IP或其它常规协议的网络。在各种实施例中,网络110还并入有无线和/或有线电话网络,例如用于与移动电话、个人数字助理等通信的蜂窝式通信网络。网络110还可并入有任何种类的无线或有线局域网,例如一个或一个以上IEEE802.3和/或IEEE 802.11网络。
如上所述,归因于一个或一个以上防火墙106的存在,客户端102与服务器104之间的直接连接可能并非始终可用。防火墙106表示用于限制客户端102与服务器104之间的连接的任何种类的硬件、软件和/或硬件与软件的组合。在一些实例中,防火墙106可使用专用硬件实施,但在其它情况下,防火墙106可用服务器和/或客户端系统的架构、路由器控制(例如,接入控制列表(ACL))和/或类似物来实施。通常,防火墙仅为在路由器内实施的特征,例如用于(视需要)提供家庭或办公室LAN与电缆、光纤、数字订户线(DSL)和/或其它提供者连接之间的接口的路由器。
当防火墙106或其它特征阻止客户端102与服务器104之间的直接连接时,那么可尝试其它用于建立连接的技术。中介服务器112(例如)可用于支持使用用户数据报协议(UDP)等的连接。中介服务器112因此充当一种“看门人”机器,其在客户端102与服务器104之间建立间接连接,且处置客户端与服务器之间的同步细节以及与系统100的其余部分通信。
在许多实施方案中,中介服务器112能够建立与客户端102和服务器104两者的UDP或其它无连接会话。当客户端102请求到已与中介服务器通信的服务器104的连接时,所提出的会话的两方通常可简单地交换UDP(或其它)参数并继续通信。此技术通常称为“UDP打洞(UDP hole punching)”,且通常基于常规网络地址变换(NAT)技术。然而,此类技术通常不成功,尤其当客户端102和服务器104被相对复杂的防火墙106(例如,与许多企业网络相关联的防火墙)分离时,所述防火墙106可辨识出在客户端102采用服务器112先前使用的参数之后最初参与建立UDP会话的一方(例如,中介服务器112)不再是参与通信的一方。此外,UDP或类似会话可涉及用户进行的一些手动配置,其尤其对于相对经验不足的用户来说可能不便利且通常较困难。当直接连接或UDP型代理服务均不可由用户使用时,将需要提供仍然允许客户端102与服务器104通信的额外连接特征。
各种实施例因此提供中继系统116,其能够建立与客户端102和服务器104的单独连接且在两个连接之间中继信息,以借此在客户端102与服务器104之间创建桥接连接。为此,中继系统116适宜地包含一个或一个以上中继服务器120,其能够在任何数目的客户端102与服务器104之间建立和处理各种连接。在各种实施例中,每一中继服务器120包含中继管理器模块122,中继管理器模块122调用响应于所接收的连接请求而处理中继会话的任何数目的中继实例124,如下文更充分描述。中继管理器模块122还可与数据库126和/或管理接口128交互以控制对中继功能的接入,实施商业规则,且/或视需要采取其它动作。
在各种实施例中,还可提供负载平衡118以有效且高效地分配中继服务器120和/或其它资源。可使用硬件和/或软件资源的任何组合来实施负载平衡118,且负载平衡118可基于网络业务、服务器120上的处理器负载、客户端102和/或服务器104的地理分布,和/或适当的任何其它因素。
在各种实施例中,使用常规计算机服务器硬件和软件来实施每一中继服务器120。可例如用基于任何处理器、架构和/或操作系统的服务器计算机系统来实施每一中继服务器120。在各种实施例中,每一中继服务器120为执行例如任何版本的LINUX、UNIX、SOLARIS、NETWARE、WINDOWS、OS/X,AIX或其它操作系统等操作系统的实际或虚拟的计算机系统。各种UNIX/LINUX操作系统通常提供能够将中继管理器模块122实施为应用的计算核心,以及(视需要)任何数目的后台程序(daemon)、进程、应用或其它中继实例模块124。在一示范性实施例中,使用可从加州森尼韦尔(Sunnyvale,California)的太阳微系统(Sun Microsystems)购得的JAVA环境来实施中继管理器模块122,其中用常规C、C++或其它编程来实施中继实例模块124。其它实施例可使用任何其它编程语言、脚本撰写语言、开发或执行环境等来实施系统116的各种组件。
在一示范性实施例中,当从中介服务器112、客户端102或其它请求方接收到中继连接的请求时,中继管理器模块122将服务器120上的传入的端口编号分配到所述连接且调用新的中继实例124来处理所述连接。所述实例接收所指派的端口编号且等待客户端102和服务器104两者均已联系中继服务器120以请求连接为止。来自客户端102和服务器104的请求在系统116处被接收且通过负载平衡特征118等转发到适当端口。尽管可使用TCP、UDP或任何其它协议建立连接,但在各种实施例中,所述连接可由客户端102和服务器104使用TCP协议发起以辅助穿过可能正进行干预的任何防火墙106。因为大多数防火墙106不阻挡从可信网络内发起的TCP连接,所以此类连接在经由中继服务器120建立通信方面可非常有效。
在建立与客户端102和服务器104的单独连接之后,中继实例124适宜地将每一连接上所接收的数据中继到另一连接以在客户端102与服务器104之间创建虚拟通道。此虚拟连接可在任何时间基于任何准则而维持或终止。在各种实施例中,中继实例125跟踪自从连接开始以来已逝去的时间和/或在整个连接过程期间所处理的数据量。此信息可与中继管理器122共享以在预定时间周期或已处理预定业务量之后终止连接。时间和带宽消耗可进一步存储在数据库126中以允许进一步验证、授权和/或类似操作。
来自服务器104的与中继系统116的通信可以任何方式起始。在各种实施例中,服务器104在统一资源定位符(URL)或可容易从防火墙106后方联系的其它网络地址处维持与消息接发服务器114的相对恒定的连接。消息接发服务器114可简单地为(例如)TCP服务器,其在服务器104启动时自动接入。在此类情况下,服务器104在启动时(或依据某一其它时间基础)联系消息接发服务器114,建立TCP或类似连接,且接着等待进一步动作。此连接可使用作为TCP协议的一部分的相对低带宽的“保持活跃”特征而保持活跃。通过预先建立从服务器104到消息接发服务器114的连接,尽管服务器在防火墙106后方,也维持可用于将指令或请求发送到服务器104的通道。这是因为在防火墙106中使用的许多路由器将允许在可信空间内发起的传出TCP连接,同时不允许传入TCP(和其它)连接。在建立从服务器104到消息服务器114的TCP或其它连接之后,所述预先存在的连接可用于将指令传输到服务器104以建立与中继服务器116的单独连接。此第二连接可建立为不可能被防火墙106阻挡的另一传出TCP(或其它协议)通信。即,消息服务器114可在预先存在的通道上传输引导服务器104单独联系中继服务器的指令。此指令可任选地包含关于客户端102或正请求连接的另一方的信息,但此信息无需在所有实施例中均存在。当被指令这样做时,服务器104适宜地建立可用于将数据传输到客户端102的与中继服务器的TCP或其它连接,如下文更充分描述。
如上所述,中继服务器116可建立与客户端102和服务器104的连接以使得可将数据从一个连接中继到另一连接。虽然数据的中继确实对服务器116施加额外处理负荷,但这确实创建了用于在客户端与服务器之间建立连接的非常便利且有效的机制。
现转向图2,展示用于经由网络110在客户端102与服务器104之间建立连接的示范性过程200。在此实例中,客户端102起初试图建立与服务器104的直接连接202,但此连接202被防火墙106阻挡。
在创建直接连接的不成功尝试之后,客户端102试图使用中介服务器112创建中介连接205。在此情境中,客户端102将请求与中介服务器112的UDP(或其它)会话210的消息204发送到中介服务器112。服务器104类似地传输建立与中介服务器112的UDP会话208的请求206;来自服务器104的此请求206可在任何时间发送,包含在客户端102发送消息204之前的时间。服务器104可(例如)在启动时用消息206自动联系中介服务器112,使得当客户端102请求接入服务器104时UDP会话208已经可用。在客户端102与服务器104两者正与共同代理(例如,服务器112)通信时,所述代理可将与客户端102相关联的UDP(或其它)信息转发到服务器104,且所述代理可将与服务器104相关联的UDP(或其它)信息转发到客户端102,希望客户端102与服务器104可在其后使用来自代理服务器的共享UDP信息直接通信,如图2中的会话212和213所指示。然而,如上所述,许多防火墙106将不允许此类连接。
再次回想到服务器104先前已建立与消息服务器114的TCP或其它可靠的连接214,此预先存在的连接214可用于建立从服务器104到中继服务器116的中继连接。当代理型连接不成功时,消息服务器114适宜地引导服务器104(经由消息218)以起始与中继系统116的单独连接。虽然图2展示消息218正从消息服务器114被发送到服务器104,但此消息218可响应于从任何数目的源接收的请求216而起始。在各种实施例中,中介服务器112将请求216发送到消息服务器114以指示服务器104联系中继服务器116。在其它实施例中,客户端102传输请求216以起始指令消息218。在任一情况下,从服务器104到消息服务器114的所建立的预先存在的连接214用于引导服务器104在适当时联系中继系统116。当被引导这样做时,服务器104将请求220发送到中继服务器116。此请求220在系统116处经适当处理以使用TCP、UDP和/或任何其它适当协议创建连接226。
可以任何方式建立中继系统116与客户端102之间的连接。在图2所示的示范性实施例中,客户端102或中介服务器112起始产生中继服务器116与客户端102之间的连接224的请求222。可响应于当代理连接不成功时从中介服务器112到客户端102的指令来起始请求222。然而,其它实施例可以任何其它方式起始请求222。再次,如果客户端102使用TCP起始连接,那么随之发生的连接224非常可能在无明显问题的情况下通过任何进行干预的防火墙106。然而,其它实施例可在适当时使用UDP或其它协议。
一旦连接224和226处于适当位置,则可经由中继连接228如上所述进行客户端102与服务器104之间的数据的中继。举例来说,在易地播放应用中,可经由连接228从易地播放服务器104提供串流媒体以在媒体播放器客户端102上播放。在此类实施例中,可能需要在中继传输期间限制媒体流的位速率、帧速率、分辨率或其它编码参数以便减少关于服务器120上的带宽和处理能力的问题。此限制可例如通过从中继服务器116或另一源(视需要)传输到服务器104的指令来强加。或者,服务器104中的固件或其它指令可每当经由中继服务器116进行连接时视需要配置编码、串流或其它特征。再次,可除易地播放外还预期其它特征和实施方案。
现转向图3,用于在客户端102与服务器104之间建立连接的示范性方法300适宜地包含以下大概步骤:在中继服务器120处分别从客户端102和服务器104接收请求222、220(功能310);在客户端102与服务器104之间建立两个连接224、226(功能314);以及在中继服务器120处的两个连接224、226之间中继数据(功能316)以建立中继连接228。其它实施例也可提供额外特征,例如批准中继连接(功能312)、在超过时间或带宽限制之后中断中继连接(功能318)和/或类似物。
如上所述,中继连接确实消耗服务器120上的资源,因此在许多实施例中可能需要鼓励客户端102在尝试中继连接之前尝试直接连接(功能302和304)和/或中介连接(功能306和308)。在直接和/或中介连接不成功的情况下,接着可尝试中继连接。可实施任何数目的规则或程序以操纵中继特征是否以及何时可由任何特定用户、客户端102和/或服务器104使用。在图3所示的示范性实施例中,在直接连接(功能302)和中介(例如,UDP)连接(功能306)均已不成功(功能304、308)之后尝试使用服务器120的中继连接。其它实施例可允许用户手动强制中继连接,或当已知(或当可确信地认为)直接或中介连接将不成功时自动起始中继条件。此类特征可编码到媒体播放器或在客户端102处执行的其它客户端应用中,且/或可使用存储在数据库126等中的商业规则来实行。
如上所述,中继服务器120分别响应于从服务器104和客户端102接收的连接请求220、222而创建中继连接228。在一示范性实施例中,中继实例124在适当时间周期内监视中继管理器模块122识别的端口。如果在适当超时周期(例如,大约几秒左右)期满之前接收到请求220和222,那么处理继续。如果未从客户端102或服务器104中的任一者或两者接收到请求,那么可中止连接。
可根据任何适宜的规则批准或拒绝连接(功能312)。如上所述,可实施任何数目的商业规则以限制或约束对中继服务器的接入。此类规则可包含将特征限于特定用户、特定服务器和/或特定客户端。在另外其它实施例中,用户(或服务器或客户端)可被限于所允许的数目的中继服务。此限制可为合计数目(例如,在客户端或服务器的使用寿命内),或可在任何适当的时间周期(例如,每月十个中继连接)之后复位。
可用用户id/口令、数字签名、生物计量识别或任何其它数字证书来识别用户。客户端102和服务器104可类似地通过任何种类的数字证书来识别,包含任何种类的数字签名或其它识别符(例如,序列号、MAC地址和/或类似物)。此信息可包含在请求220和/或222中,且可视需要与存储在数据库126或其它地方的信息进行比较。在许多实施例中,中继管理器模块122可处理批准,但其它实施例可视需要使用中继实例124、管理特征128和/或任何其它特征来处理批准。
如果批准得到许可,那么从中继服务器120建立连接224和226(功能314),且可经由中继连接228开始客户端102与服务器104之间的数据中继(功能316)。在各种实施例中,存储在数据库126内和/或中继实例124中的数据可用于根据适当规则中断连接228。在一些实施例中,可能需要在预定时间周期(例如,三十分钟左右,但其它实施例可使用更长或更短的时间)之后或在已处理预定数据量(例如,10吉字节/月,或任何其它值)之后中断所有连接(或仅与特定客户端、服务器或用户相关联的连接)(功能318)。所实施的特定规则和参数可随实施例而不同;可视需要使用数据库126的规则引擎实施任何数目的规则。一般来说,可用系统100内的任何种类的硬件、软件和/或固件实行方法300的各种步骤。方法300可例如视需要由结合任何适当客户端102和/或服务器104操作的中继服务器120(图1)来实行。图3还展示关于尝试直接和中介连接的功能302、304、306、308,如上文描述。在实践中,这些特征可由客户端102或服务器104而非由中继服务器120实行。在各种实施例中,响应于存储在存储器中或磁盘驱动器上和/或与中继服务器120和/或客户端102相关联的其它存储装置上的软件或固件指令而实行方法300的各种步骤。此类指令可由服务器120、客户端102和/或类似物内的任何处理器和/或其它处理特征执行。用于实施图3中所示的各种功能中的每一者的特定构件于是可为以任何格式执行常规软件逻辑的任何种类的处理硬件(例如,图1的服务器120、客户端102和/或服务器104)。
如本文描述,于是已描述了用于经由数字网络在客户端与服务器之间建立连接的新的系统和技术。本文描述的各种技术允许客户端和服务器单独建立与中继服务器的TCP或其它连接,所述中继服务器有效地在两个连接之间中继数据以在客户端与服务器之间建立虚拟点对点链接。通过允许客户端与服务器中的每一者起始与共同中继服务的连接,可穿过原本将阻止客户端与服务器之间的直接连接的防火墙,借此允许客户端与服务器之间的数据传递或其它通信而不损害网络的安全性。此服务可用于通过允许易地播放服务器装置将媒体数据串流到中继服务器(所述中继服务器又将所接收的流中继到媒体播放器客户端)而支持易地播放或其它串流媒体应用。等效实施例可提供用于传递任何格式的任何流、基于文件的数据、基于包的数据或其它数据的类似特征。
本文使用术语“示范性”来表示可具有任何数目的替代物的一个实例、例子或说明。本文描述为示范性的任何实施方案不必解释为比其它实施方案优选或有利。虽然已在前述详细描述中呈现若干示范性实施例,但应了解,存在大量替代但等效的变型,且本文所呈现的实例不希望以任何方式限制本发明的范围、适用性或配置。相反,可在不脱离权利要求书及其合法等效物的范围的情况下在所描述的元件的功能和布置方面做出各种改变。

Claims (20)

1.一种在各自经由网络进行通信的媒体播放器与易地播放装置之间建立媒体串流连接的方法,所述方法包括:
由中继服务器接收与所述媒体播放器相关联的第一请求和与所述易地播放装置相关联的第二请求;
响应于接收所述第一和第二请求,在所述中继服务器与所述媒体播放器之间建立第一连接,且在所述中继服务器与所述易地播放装置之间建立第二连接;以及
将由所述中继服务器在所述第一和第二连接中的每一者上接收的数据中继到所述第一和第二连接中的另一者,以借此经由所述中继服务器在所述媒体播放器与所述易地播放装置之间建立所述媒体串流连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一和第二连接为传输控制协议TCP连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中响应于所述媒体播放器与所述易地播放装置之间的不成功的用户数据报协议UDP连接而发生所述接收。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中响应于在所述媒体播放器与所述易地播放装置之间建立直接连接的不成功的尝试而发生所述接收。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括引导所述易地播放装置将所述第二请求发送到所述中继服务器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述引导包括在经由所述网络与所述易地播放装置的预先建立的连接上引导将消息发送到所述易地播放装置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括在预定时间已逝去之后中断所述媒体串流连接。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括在已中继预定数据量之后中断所述媒体串流连接。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括基于与所述易地播放装置、所述媒体播放器和所述易地播放装置的用户中的至少一者相关联的识别信息而在建立所述第一和第二连接之前批准所述媒体串流连接。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括基于包含在所述第一和第二请求中的至少一者中的识别信息而在建立所述第一和第二连接之前批准所述媒体串流连接。
11.一种经由中继服务器在各自经由网络进行通信的客户端与服务器之间建立连接的方法,所述方法包括:
首先尝试在所述网络上在所述客户端装置与所述服务器之间建立无连接会话;
如果所述无连接会话不成功,那么引导所述客户端和所述服务器经由所述网络联系所述中继服务器,其中通过经由所述网络上预先存在的连接而传输的消息来引导所述服务器;
响应于所述客户端和所述服务器随后联系所述中继服务器,在所述中继服务器与所述客户端之间建立第一连接,且在所述中继服务器与所述服务器之间建立第二连接;以及
将由所述中继服务器在所述第一和第二连接中的每一者上接收的数据中继到所述第一和第二连接中的另一者,以借此经由所述中继服务器在所述客户端与所述服务器之间建立所述连接。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述无连接会话为用户数据报协议UDP会话,且其中所述第一和第二连接为传输控制协议TCP连接。
13.一种用于在各自经由网络进行通信的媒体播放器与易地播放装置之间建立媒体串流连接的系统,所述系统包括:
中继管理器模块,其经配置以接收在所述媒体播放器与所述易地播放装置之间建立所述媒体串流连接的请求;以及
中继实例模块,其经配置以响应于所述请求而建立与所述媒体播放器的第一连接和与所述易地播放装置的第二连接,且将在所述第一和第二连接中的每一者上接收的数据中继到所述第一和第二连接中的另一者,以借此在所述媒体播放器与所述易地播放装置之间建立所述媒体串流连接。
14.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中所述第一和第二连接为传输控制协议TCP连接。
15.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其进一步包括经配置以存储信息的数据库,且其中所述中继管理器模块经配置以基于存储在所述数据库中的所述信息而允许或不允许所述媒体串流连接。
16.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中存储在所述数据库中的所述信息包括所述媒体串流连接已被建立的逝去时间,且其中所述中继管理器模块进一步经配置以在所述逝去时间超过预定值时不允许所述媒体串流连接。
17.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中存储在所述数据库中的所述信息包括所述易地播放装置已使用所述系统的总时间,且其中所述中继管理器模块进一步经配置以在所述总时间超过预定允许值时不允许所述媒体串流连接。
18.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中存储在所述数据库中的所述信息包括所述媒体串流连接已被建立的逝去时间,且其中所述中继管理器模块进一步经配置以在所述逝去时间超过预定值时不允许所述媒体串流连接。
19.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其进一步包括中介服务器,所述中介服务器经配置以尝试使用无连接协议经由所述网络来连接所述易地播放装置和所述媒体播放器,且在经由所述无连接协议进行连接的所述尝试不成功的情况下,起始经由基于连接的协议在所述媒体播放器与所述易地播放装置之间建立所述媒体串流连接的请求。
20.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其进一步包括消息服务器,所述消息服务器经配置以使用基于连接的协议在所述网络上建立与所述易地播放装置的预先存在的连接,且在所述预先存在的连接上将引导所述易地播放装置建立所述第二连接的消息发送到所述易地播放装置。
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