CN102510449A - Human eye-like image sensor based on non-uniform lens array - Google Patents
Human eye-like image sensor based on non-uniform lens array Download PDFInfo
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- CN102510449A CN102510449A CN2011103697790A CN201110369779A CN102510449A CN 102510449 A CN102510449 A CN 102510449A CN 2011103697790 A CN2011103697790 A CN 2011103697790A CN 201110369779 A CN201110369779 A CN 201110369779A CN 102510449 A CN102510449 A CN 102510449A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a human eye-like image sensor based on a non-uniform lens array, which comprises the non-uniform lens array, a photoelectric detection unit and a gate output circuit from top to down; the non-uniform lens array at least comprises two circles, and N optical lenses are arranged on each circle; on each circle, the geometric sizes of the N optical lenses are the same, and every two adjacent optical lenses are tangential; two ring bands which comprise the optical lenses on the two adjacent circles are adjacently connected but are not coincident along the axial direction of the lens array; the photoelectric detection unit is used for carrying out photoelectric conversion to the incident light which is focused by the non-uniform lens array, and a photosurface which is provided by the photoelectric detection unit is vertical to the optical axes of the optical lenses; and the gate output circuit is connected with the photoelectric detection unit and is used for outputting signals which are acquired by a photoelectric detector. According to the human eye-like image sensor based on the non-uniform lens array, the non-uniform sampling is realized through the array which comprises the optical lenses with different aperatures and focal lengths, so that the design difficulty and cost of this type of image sensor are greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electro-optical imaging sensors technical field, be specifically related to a kind of class eye image transducer based on non-homogeneous lens arra.
Background technology
Class eye image transducer is a kind of based on the bionical electro-optical imaging sensors of human eye vision mechanism.At the retinal field of human eye, the photosurface size of optic nerve is along with progressively increasing with the increase of foveal region of retina distance, and promptly it adopts the nonuniform sampling mode.Class eye image transducer makes its yardstick with target and rotational invariance through the nonuniform sampling mechanism of log-polar coordinate mapping anthropomorphic dummy eyes retina.That is: in the log-polar coordinate mapping image, the change in size of imageable target shows as horizontal/vertical and moves, and the rotatablely moving of imageable target shows as vertical/horizontal and move, and the target size in the image does not change.On the other hand, a type eye image transducer adopts the nonuniform sampling mode to compress the region of search, has reduced redundant information.Above-mentioned characteristic shows: the class eye image transducer with log-polar coordinate mapping ability can effectively be eliminated the influence of target scale and rotation change; And reduction information redundancy; Can greatly improve recognition speed and the tracking accuracy of Photodetection system, thereby be with a wide range of applications in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, robot, intelligent monitorings to moving target.
At present; Existing type of eye image transducer mainly realized based on conventional cmos technology; That is: form the pixel of different size through CMOS technology; Form with the human eye retina similar " retinal field " according to certain geometric layout, form class eye image transducer with log-polar coordinate mapping ability.Mainly there is following problem in this method:
Owing to need adopt special-purpose software, technological process to realize, cause the cost of its research and development higher, the R&D cycle is longer by the professional designer based on the imageing sensor of CMOS technology;
In μ m magnitude, be difficult to obtain bigger Pixel Dimensions based on the Pixel Dimensions of CMOS technology.Simultaneously, under present technical conditions, based on the CMOS difficult technique to obtain the nonuniform sampling photosurface of big face battle array;
Because the class human eye transducer based on CMOS technology has independently encapsulation.In case design is accomplished, its function will be cured, and can't upgrade again;
Receive the restriction of CMOS technology integration, more signal transmission passage can't be provided, cause the shared signal transmission passage of a plurality of non-homogeneous pixels, and then its signal transmission rate is restricted based on the imageing sensor of CMOS technology.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of class eye image transducer based on non-homogeneous lens arra, the array that the optical lens through different bores, focal length constitutes is realized nonuniform sampling, has greatly reduced the design difficulty and the cost of this type of imageing sensor; And can realize big face battle array class eye image transducer, and be with good expansibility.
This scheme is achieved in that
A kind of class eye image transducer based on non-homogeneous lens arra is made up of non-homogeneous lens arra, photodetection unit and gating output circuit by the order under last;
Said non-homogeneous lens arra comprises the optical lens of many circles: the optical axis with class eye image transducer is the center, and M annulus is set, and M＞2 all are provided with N optical lens on each annulus; On same annulus, N optical lens physical dimension is identical, and the center of circle of N optical lens is uniformly distributed on the annulus, and tangent between adjacent two optical lenses; Two endless belt that optical lens on adjacent two annulus is formed along the axial direction of lens arra in abutting connection with but do not overlap; The optical axis of all optical lenses is parallel to each other;
The photodetection unit is used for the incident light that focuses on via non-homogeneous lens arra is carried out opto-electronic conversion, and the photosurface that this photodetection unit provides is vertical with the optical axis of optical lens; Through the axial location of adjustment optical lens in class eye image transducer, make the focal plane of each optical lens overlap with the photosurface of said photodetection unit;
The gating output circuit connects the photodetection unit, is used for the signal output that photodetector is gathered.
Preferably, said photodetection unit employing photodetector array is realized; Photodetector array comprises the photodetector of many circles, the corresponding optical lens of photodetector, and each photodetector all is positioned on the focal plane of corresponding optical lens; Through the adjustment axial location of optical lens in class eye image transducer, make all photodetectors photosurface at grade.
Preferably, said gating output circuit comprises gating switch and signal output channels, the corresponding photodetector of gating switch, and each photodetector all connects signal output channels through corresponding gating switch; One circle gating switch is simultaneously by gating or close.
Preferably, the said several circles of photodetector that enclose are that a component becomes many groups more, and the gating switch while of one group of photodetector correspondence is by gating or shutoff.
Preferably, optical lens on each annulus is numbered by a direction, the optical lens of identical numbering is on the same radius of non-homogeneous lens arra on the different annular.
Beneficial effect:
(1) the class eye image transducer cost based on non-homogeneous lens arra is low, is prone to realize.
Conventional type of eye image transducer requires pixels in different positions size difference in the photosurface, realizes that difficulty is big, cost is higher.The present invention realizes nonuniform sampling through the array of the optical lens formation of different bores, focal length, allows type Pixel Dimensions of eye image transducer identical, thereby has greatly reduced the design difficulty and the cost of this type of imageing sensor.
(2) can realize big face battle array class eye image transducer.
Photodetection unit among the present invention adopts photodetector array; Wherein the photosensitive elemental size of each photodetector is identical; Only the resolution of imageing sensor can be improved, thereby big face battle array class eye image transducer can be realized through the quantity that improves photodetector.
(3) can realize customization based on the class eye image transducer of non-homogeneous lens arra, be easy to upgrading.
Realize a type eye image transducer owing to the present invention is based on conventional photodetector, its parameter all can customize according to different application requirements.Simultaneously, after a type human eye sensor design is accomplished, also can carry out parameter adjustment and upgrading, thereby be with good expansibility.
(4) the signal output speed based on the class eye image transducer of non-homogeneous lens arra is high.
In the present invention, because the array that adopts the optical lens of different bores, focal length to constitute is realized nonuniform sampling, thereby sufficient space is provided for the design of signal transmission passage.Its signal output channels quantity, gated mode receive spatial constraints hardly, can greatly improve the output speed of photoelectric conversion signal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation based on the class eye image transducer of non-homogeneous lens arra.
Wherein: 1-1 is an imaging optical system, and 1-2 is non-homogeneous lens arra, and 1-3 is photodetection unit (adopting photodetector array among the figure), and 1-4 is a photodetector, and 1-5 is the gating output circuit, and 1-6 is a gating switch, and 1-7 is a signal output channels.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of non-homogeneous optical lens array.
Wherein: 2-1 is that n encircles the 1st optical lens, and 2-2 is that n encircles N optical lens, and 2-3 is that n+i encircles the 1st optical lens, and 2-4 is that n+i encircles N optical lens, and 2-5 is a mechanical structure.
Embodiment
Describe below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention:
The invention provides a kind of class eye image transducer based on non-homogeneous lens arra; As shown in Figure 1; The three-decker of figure middle and lower part be this type eye image transducer, and the order that this transducer is pressed under last is made up of non-homogeneous lens arra, photodetection unit and gating output circuit.
The main effect and the structure of each part mentioned above are following:
(1) non-homogeneous lens arra 1-2
The effect of non-homogeneous lens arra is that the incident directional light is focused on the photodetection unit 1-3, thereby realizes nonuniform sampling.
Non-homogeneous lens arra comprises the optical lens of many circles, and the quantity of optical lens is by the resolution decision of class eye image transducer.Specifically, its structure specifically describes as follows:
1) in the plane that parallels with the photosensitive face of class human eye transducer, be the center with the optical axis of class eye image transducer, M annulus (M＞2) is set, N optical lens all is set on each annulus, the value of N is relevant with annular radii and optical lens bore.On same annulus, N optical lens physical dimension is identical, and the center of circle of N optical lens is uniformly distributed on the annulus, and tangent between adjacent two optical lenses.The optical axis of all optical lenses is parallel to each other.As shown in Figure 2, lens 2-1 is that m encircles the 1st optical lens, and lens 2-2 is that m encircles N optical lens, and lens 2-3 is that m+1 encircles the 1st optical lens, and lens 2-4 is that m+1 encircles N optical lens.
Referring to Fig. 1, the lens on the same annulus are in same plane, but the lens on the different annular can specify not in same plane at the back.See from the transducer axial direction; Two endless belt that optical lens on adjacent two annulus is formed along the axial direction of lens arra in abutting connection with but do not overlap; In the present embodiment; Optical lens axially tangent along whole lens arra in the different annular, if promptly optical lens on each annulus is carried out the numbering of 1～N by same direction, then the optical lens of identical numbering is on the same radius of non-homogeneous lens arra on the different annular.Because lens numbers is identical on each annulus, but annular radii is different, so the aperture of lens on the different annular is just inequality, and inside from the outer ring, aperture of lens reduces gradually.The concrete equation expression that adopts is exactly:
If the annulus nearest apart from the center of circle is the 1st annulus; Lens radius on it is r1; Because the angle in the same annulus between any two adjacent lens axle center is θ=2 π/N, therefore in the 1st annulus the line of centres of any two adjacent lens apart from the distance R in the lens arra center of circle
1=r
1/ tan (θ/2); The radius R of i annulus in the lens arra then
iObtain by empirical equation (1):
This " tangent " structure can improve the efficiency of light energy utilization.
In reality; The concrete physical dimension of each lens on the non-homogeneous lens arra (radius of curvature R, thickness d, bore D) is to serve as on the basis of basic constraint with above-mentioned structural relation; Emulation through is repeatedly confirmed with revising, is adopted the physical dimension of optics software design lens to make that image quality is the highest usually.
2) through fixing each optical lens of mechanical structure 2-5, make it satisfy above-mentioned condition.
(2) photodetection unit 1-3
The main effect of photodetection unit 1-3 is that the incident light that focuses on via non-homogeneous lens arra 1-2 is carried out opto-electronic conversion.The photosurface that this photodetection unit provides is vertical with the optical axis of optical lens; Through the axial location of adjustment optical lens in class eye image transducer, make the focal plane of each optical lens overlap with the photosurface of said photodetection unit.
For the integration of type of raising eye image transducer, this photodetection unit can adopt conventional CCD, cmos image sensor to realize.But this integrated photodetection unit is not easy to expansion and customization.Therefore, preferably, the photodetection unit of present embodiment adopts photodetector array to realize.
As shown in Figure 1, photodetector array 1-3 comprises many circle photodetector 1-4, the corresponding optical lens of photodetector, and each photodetector all is positioned at the focal length place of corresponding optical lens.Mentioned at (1) o'clock, aperture of lens is different on the different annular, and owing to its focal length of same material lens is directly proportional with bore, so the focal length of each lens in the different annular is also different.For the photosurface that guarantees all photodetectors at grade, therefore need the axial location of adjustment optical lens in class eye image transducer, see from Fig. 1 that so will there be certain difference in the center of circle of each annulus along optical axis direction.
Preferably, each photodetector has identical photosensitive elemental size in the photodetector array.
Certainly, also should comprise indispensable drive circuit in the photodetection unit, but this not an emphasis of the present invention, therefore not shown.
(3) gating output circuit 1-5
The gating output circuit connects photodetector array, and effect is for class eye image transducer provides the data output channel, realizes the output of photosignal.
Preferably, the gating output circuit 1-5 in the present embodiment mainly is made up of gating switch 1-6 and signal output channels 1-7.The corresponding photodetector of gating switch, each photodetector all connects signal output channels through corresponding gating switch; The corresponding gating switch of one circle photodetector is simultaneously by gating or close, thereby formed " ring select lines ".In order to improve the output speed of data, also can be with several circles of the photodetector that encloses to be a component be many groups more, the corresponding gating switch of one group of photodetector is simultaneously by gating or close.Certainly in reality, also can each circle be divided into many groups, the corresponding gating switch of one group of photodetector is simultaneously by gating or close.
When using this based on the class eye image transducer of non-homogeneous lens arra, be placed to image optical system 1-1 in non-homogeneous lens arra the place ahead, the course of work is following:
The first step: the converging light of imaging optical system 1-1 is incident on the non-homogeneous optical lens array 1-2.The optical lens of different bores, focal length focuses to the incident light that receives on the pairing photodetector respectively in the optical lens array 1-2.
Second step: in photodetector array 1-3, all photodetectors carry out opto-electronic conversion simultaneously, convert incident intensity into the corresponding signal of telecommunication.
The 3rd step: under the effect of gating output circuit 1-5, opening signal output gating switch is realized the output of photoelectric conversion signal through the data output channel.
In sum, more than being merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not to be used to limit protection scope of the present invention.All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the class eye image transducer based on non-homogeneous lens arra is characterized in that, such eye image transducer is made up of non-homogeneous lens arra, photodetection unit and gating output circuit by the order under last;
Said non-homogeneous lens arra comprises the optical lens of many circles: the optical axis with class eye image transducer is the center, and M annulus is set, and M＞2 all are provided with N optical lens on each annulus; On same annulus, N optical lens physical dimension is identical, and the center of circle of N optical lens is uniformly distributed on the annulus, and tangent between adjacent two optical lenses; Two endless belt that optical lens on adjacent two annulus is formed along the axial direction of lens arra in abutting connection with but do not overlap; The optical axis of all optical lenses is parallel to each other;
The photodetection unit is used for the incident light that focuses on via non-homogeneous lens arra is carried out opto-electronic conversion, and the photosurface that this photodetection unit provides is vertical with the optical axis of optical lens; Through the axial location of adjustment optical lens in class eye image transducer, make the focal plane of each optical lens overlap with the photosurface of said photodetection unit;
The gating output circuit connects the photodetection unit, is used for the signal output that photodetector is gathered.
2. the class eye image transducer based on non-homogeneous lens arra as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said photodetection unit adopts photodetector array to realize; Photodetector array comprises the photodetector of many circles, the corresponding optical lens of photodetector, and each photodetector all is positioned on the focal plane of corresponding optical lens; Through the adjustment axial location of optical lens in class eye image transducer, make all photodetectors photosurface at grade.
3. the class eye image transducer based on non-homogeneous lens arra as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that; Said gating output circuit comprises gating switch and signal output channels; The corresponding photodetector of gating switch, each photodetector all connects signal output channels through corresponding gating switch; One circle gating switch is simultaneously by gating or close.
4. the class eye image transducer based on non-homogeneous lens arra as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, several circles of photodetector of said many circles are that a component becomes many groups, and the corresponding gating switch of one group of photodetector is simultaneously by gating or close.
5. the class eye image transducer based on non-homogeneous lens arra as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that the photosensitive elemental size of each photodetector is identical in the said photodetector array.
6. the class eye image transducer based on non-homogeneous lens arra as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Optical lens on each annulus is numbered by same direction, and the optical lens of identical numbering is on the same radius of non-homogeneous lens arra on the different annular.
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Cited By (13)
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| CN103091737A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-05-08 | 北京理工大学 | Wide view field logarithm pole coordinating mapping imaging method based on curve surface lens array |
| CN103983980A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-13 | 北京理工大学 | Design method of variable-resolution laser three-dimensional imaging array |
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| CN103091737B (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2015-01-21 | 北京理工大学 | Wide view field logarithm pole coordinating mapping imaging method based on curve surface lens array |
| CN103091737A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-05-08 | 北京理工大学 | Wide view field logarithm pole coordinating mapping imaging method based on curve surface lens array |
| CN103983980A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-13 | 北京理工大学 | Design method of variable-resolution laser three-dimensional imaging array |
| CN103983980B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-04-13 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of variable resolution laser three-dimensional imaging array design methodology |
| CN105812625B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2019-03-19 | 深圳超多维科技有限公司 | Microlens array imaging device and imaging method |
| CN105812625A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 深圳超多维光电子有限公司 | Micro lens array imaging device and imaging method |
| CN106331439A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2017-01-11 | 深圳超多维光电子有限公司 | Micro lens array imaging device and imaging method |
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| CN105681694A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-06-15 | 清华大学 | Retina bionic imaging method and device and camera |
| CN105681694B (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2018-12-11 | 清华大学 | The method, apparatus and camera of the bionical imaging of retina |
| CN106646512B (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2019-01-08 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of terrible imaging method and system based on bionic visual mechanism |
| CN106646512A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-10 | 北京理工大学 | Ghost imaging method and ghost imaging system based on bionic vision mechanism |
| CN109842766A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-06-04 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | A kind of polar coordinate image sensor and its method for carrying out image procossing |
| CN109842766B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-05-18 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | Polar coordinate image sensor and image processing method thereof |
| CN110426762A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-11-08 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of parallel type bionic compound eyes nest area's imaging method and system |
| CN110967684A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-04-07 | 宁波飞芯电子科技有限公司 | Size determination method and device for photoelectric detector and photoelectric detector |
| CN111012318A (en) * | 2020-01-18 | 2020-04-17 | 四川知周光声医疗科技有限公司 | Surface focusing array detector and system for photoacoustic breast imaging |
| WO2021212486A1 (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-10-28 | 达闼机器人有限公司 | Lens module and object detection device |
| CN114839761A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-08-02 | 北京理工大学 | Non-uniform zooming curved compound eye array based on dielectric elastic drive |
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