CN102539532A - Ultrasonic C scanning imaging method based on two-dimensional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing - Google Patents
Ultrasonic C scanning imaging method based on two-dimensional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic C scanning imaging method based on two-dimensional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing, which includes five steps including performing visualization for an acoustic beam spread angle of a probe, building a mathematical model for a neighborhood of a focusing treatment point, collecting ultrasonic A wave signals, synthesizing focusing treatment ultrasonic A wave signals and performing ultrasonic C scanning imaging for a defect. The technical effect of the invention lies in that through focusing the two-dimensional neighborhood taking an objective point as a center and simultaneously taking the wafer diameter, the near field length and the acoustic beam spread angle of the probe into consideration, the neighborhood of the synthetic aperture focusing treatment point is confirmed, so that the scanning result is more accurate as compared with that of the conventional SAFT (synthetic aperture focusing technique) method, the adverse effects of the acoustic beam spread angle on the ultrasonic nondestructive detection can be effectively restrained, and the accuracy of the ultrasonic C scanning imaging is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Ultrasonic NDT formation method, particularly a kind of Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing.
Background technology
Ultrasound examination can be in the condition of not damaging member usability and the shape internal defects situation that judges; It is the important means that guarantees product quality and performance, steady production technology in the many fields of modern industry; A ripple signal is as the raw data that collects in the ultrasound detection process; Effect in ultrasonic automatic detection is very important: it is the foundation of Ultrasonic C Scanning Image, also is scanning result subsequent analysis and processing basis.It is thus clear that obtaining accurate A ripple signal is the assurance that accurately detects defective.
And have certain acoustic beam spread angle during ultrasonic probe emission sound wave;, probe possibly receive the ultrasonic echo of same impact point when being in the diverse location of measurand; Make that the flaw indication that collects is accurate inadequately, thereby influence the precision of defect location, quantitative analysis results.Acoustic beam spread angle and wafer diameter, frequency are inversely proportional to, but the large aperture probe is made complicated and application inconvenience, and there is the serious problem of acoustic energy beam decay in the too high meeting of frequency.Therefore, it is unrealistic to only depend on the probe of using different parameters instead to suppress the influence of spread angle.Synthetic aperture focusing technology (Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique; SAFT) be a kind of advanced person's signal processing method; Can be under the prerequisite of using the small-bore probe; Signal through gathering the impact point neighborhood and analyzing and processing in addition, imitate a large aperture probe carries out work, thus the resolution of raising ultrasonic signal.
At present, SAFT mainly concentrates in the application in ultrasound detection field aspect the ultrasonic B scanning imagery, and is less to the research of member C scan image.Also there is following deficiency in existing relevant SAFT algorithm application in ultrasonic field: the process points of 1. participating in focusing on is limited to the one dimension neighborhood of impact point, belongs to the 1D-SAFT algorithm in fact.As shown in Figure 1: with the impact point is the center, only on a line segment, considers the distribution of process points, and this algorithm has only suppressed the diffuse transmission influence of spread angle in some directions, is difficult to the focusing effect that reaches desirable.Therefore be necessary being that the two-dimentional neighborhood at center focuses on (2D-SAFT) with the impact point, as shown in Figure 2.Do not take into full account the influence of the sound field characteristics of probe when 2. synthetic focusing is handled; Often by virtue of experience the number and the distribution of the ultrasonic A ripple signal of focusing processing are participated in the value decision; And wafer diameter, near field length, the acoustic beam spread angle angle of considering each probe decide synthetic aperture focusing processing neighborhood of a point more reasonable, and effect is desirable more.
Summary of the invention
In order to suppress the adverse effect of acoustic beam spread angle to Ultrasonic C-Scan; Obtain ultrasonic accurately A wave datum; It is a kind of towards ultrasonic A wave datum that the present invention provides, and considers that simultaneously process points is made rational planning for and the Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing of data problem of pretreatment.
In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, technical scheme of the present invention is that a kind of Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing may further comprise the steps:
Described a kind of Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing, in the described step 4 ultrasonic A ripple signal is carried out the synthetic focusing processing and may further comprise the steps:
Returning step 3 step after step 6, row number value m add 1 continues to carry out;
Step 10, empty the tabulation L
Ij
Step 11, judge whether row i equals the maximal value g of capable sequence number, if unequal then execution in step 12, otherwise execution in step 13;
Returning step 2 after step 12, row number value i add 1 carries out;
Step 13, judge whether row sequence number j equals the maximal value h of row sequence number, if equate then whole flow process finishes, otherwise execution in step 14;
Step 14, row sequence number j add 1, and row number value i composes 0 back and carried out for 002 step.
Described a kind of Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing, the execution flow process of said step 9 is:
From A ripple signal tabulation L
IjIn choose s (i, the benchmark of j) handling as synthetic focusing travel through this benchmark A ripple signals sampling point sequence after setting the sampled point threshold value, can extract the effective analystal section [k to defective referring to Fig. 7
b, k
e], list of hypotheses L
IjIn the distance of certain A ripple signals collecting position and benchmark be l, ultrasonic card SF is f, the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in measured workpiece is c, then effective analystal section of this A ripple signal does
After suing for peace, the sampled point amplitude that the valid interval internal sort of each signal is identical averages again; Give the corresponding sampled point of the effective analystal section of reference point signal as amplitude mean value assignment again then; Promptly obtain this position, collection point focus on A ripple signal S after handling (i, j).
Technique effect of the present invention is; Through being that the two-dimentional neighborhood at center carries out synthetic focusing with the impact point; Improved the signal focus effect; Wafer diameter, near field length, the acoustic beam spread angle angle of considering each probe simultaneously decides synthetic aperture focusing to handle neighborhood of a point, and it is more accurate to make scanning result compare existing SAFT method, improved the precision of Ultrasonic C imaging effectively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is target neighborhood of a point synoptic diagram in the existing SAFT disposal route;
Fig. 2 is target neighborhood of a point synoptic diagram in the SAFT disposal route of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is apparatus of the present invention synoptic diagram;
The probe sound field ultrasonic C-scan Image that Fig. 4 utilizes bead scanning to be drawn for the present invention;
The probe sound field image that Fig. 5 separates from the background of C scan image for the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a ultrasonic probe sound field characteristic parameter synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the collection synoptic diagram of the ultrasonic A ripple of the present invention signal;
The process flow diagram that Fig. 8 handles for the present invention's two dimension neighborhood synthetic focusing;
The synoptic diagram figure that Fig. 9 handles for synthetic focusing of the present invention;
Figure 10 is a test block pictorial diagram of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the flaw size figure in the test block of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the handled C scan image of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the original C scan image of handling without synthetic focusing;
The C scan image of Figure 14 for adopting traditional SAFT to handle.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 3-Figure 14; It is that example is explained detection method of the present invention that this embodiment has the test block of irregularly shaped groove with the surface sweeping surface; The present invention controls the ultrasonic probe that is installed on the five degree of freedom motion stand through the motion control card of installing on the control computer; Ultrasonic probe is movable in tank, and ultrasonic signal is transferred to the ultrasonic card of control computer through prime amplifier, and the ultrasonic signal after ultrasonic card will be handled transfers to control computer and further handles.The detection step is following:
Step 1: as shown in Figure 3, be that 6mm-10mm smooth metal bead places tank with diameter on the support bar that is fixed on base, the length of support bar is generally about 25cm to good; Ultrasonic probe is connected on the five degree of freedom motion stand, and it is vertical with surface level to make ultrasonic probe be in the axis of bead top and ultrasonic probe, controls ultrasonic probe then under the axis maintenance situation vertical with surface level; Above bead, do the bow font scanning in the same perpendicular along the radial line of same horizontal direction of bead; Be ultrasonic probe keep moving horizontally carry out single pass after, upwards vertically move a segment distance, and then scan once more along the former opposite direction that moves horizontally; Gather sound wave and meet the echoed signal that the bead surface is produced; And extract this signal maximum amplitude, through this maximum amplitude being mapped to color RGB (r, g; The method of the gray-scale value that b) three parameters are equal is carried out visual to the probe sound field, establishing the maximum amplitude of being gathered is V
Max, and color RGB (b) three parameter range are (0,255) for r, g, so with V
MaxThe linear mapping of value give color RGB (r, g, b) three parameters, i.e. V
Max=0 o'clock, color RGB (r, g, b) three parameters simultaneously assignment be 0, V
MaxDuring the maximal value that can gather for ultrasonic acquisition card, color RGB (r, g, b) three parameters simultaneously assignment be 255, V
MaxDuring for other intermediate values, (b) three parameters are composed identical value, can convert amplitude into the color gray-scale value for r, g then to give color RGB in proportion; Probe acoustic beam spread angle is contained in the probe sound field; Abstract sound field is carried out the extraction of the visual acoustic beam spread angle of being convenient to pop one's head in; And use smooth bead as the target reflecting body; The acoustic beam of sound field optional position can both the alignment with the ball target normal direction, can obtain reflection echo to greatest extent and guarantee the accuracy measured, and cost is low, simple to operate.
Step 2: to the resulting ultrasonic C-scan Image of step 1, the utilization half-wave method promptly at first travels through ultrasonic signal value maximum in the sound field image, and half of this value carried out binary conversion treatment as threshold value to it, and sound field is separated from background; Then to the C image after the binaryzation by from left to right, from top to bottom order scans; Adopt digital image processing method to extract sound field edge of image and acoustic beam center line then; Last very big ultrasonic signal is put to the distance of sound source and is called near field length z on the acoustic beam center line, and is as shown in Figure 6.The far-field region of sound field image perpendicular to the acoustic beam centerline direction on two diverse locations intercepting image outlines respectively, if s
1, s
2, d
1, d
2When being respectively the secondary intercepting apart from the length and the intercept of sound source, then pop one's head in spread angle according to formula
Calculate.Suppose that the probe wafer diameter is d, the underwater sound journey between center wafer point and the impact point is s, and the disc diameter of impact point neighborhood is D, sets up the mathematical model that focuses on the process points neighborhood and does
Returning step 3 after step 6, row number value m add 1 continues to carry out;
Step 10, empty the tabulation L
Ij
Step 11, judge whether row i equals the maximal value g of capable sequence number, if unequal then execution in step 12, otherwise execution in step 13;
Returning step 2 after step 12, row number value i add 1 carries out;
Step 13, judge whether row sequence number j equals the maximal value h of row sequence number, finish if equate whole flow process, otherwise execution in step 14;
Step 14, row sequence number j add 1, and row number value i composes 0 back execution in step 2.
Wherein the execution flow process of step 9 is:
From A ripple signal tabulation L
IjIn choose s (i, the reference point signal of j) handling as synthetic focusing travel through this benchmark A ripple signals sampling point sequence after setting the sampled point threshold value, referring to Fig. 9, extract the effective analystal section [k to defective
b, k
e], list of hypotheses L
IjIn the distance of certain A ripple signals collecting position and benchmark be l, ultrasonic card SF is f, the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in measured workpiece is c, then effective analystal section of this A ripple signal does
To the tabulation L
IjIn all participate in to focus on processing signals and carry out after valid interval analyzes; After suing for peace, the amplitude of the sampled point that the valid interval internal sort of each signal is identical averages again; Give in the reference point valid interval corresponding sampled point as amplitude mean value assignment again then; Promptly obtain this position, collection point focus on A ripple signal S after handling (i, j).
Defective in the test block is 5.6mm apart from the degree of depth on surface, and the defective bottom is smooth, test block thickness 15mm, the major diameter 35.2mm of defective, minor axis 16.4mm, area 550.28mm
2
The six degree of freedom CYS-1100 model Ultrasonic C-Scan system that present embodiment adopts Shanghai Cytrix Electrical Technology Co., Ltd. to produce experimentizes; The ultrasonic card of selecting for use is a UT-2001 type high-speed sampling card; Probe is the water logging flat probe of the 2.5Z14SJ model of Shantou ultrasound instrument research institute's production; The wafer diameter of this probe is 14mm; Near field length is 81.6mm; Steel ball size in the ball target method acoustic field is 4mm, through the C scanning imagery probe acoustic beam spread angle is carried out visually, and the acoustic beam spread angle
that calculates this flat probe on this basis is 6.8 °; Therefore, setting up the mathematical model that focuses on the process points neighborhood is tan3.4 °=14+0.119 of D=14+2 (s-81.6) (s-81.6).50mm*50mm data acquisition rectangular area is set, and step pitch is 0.3mm, and the underwater sound is apart from being 150mm, and sampled point length is 2000.Calculating the radius of neighbourhood is D=22.13mm; Surveyed area is bent font scanning and gathers ultrasonic A ripple signal in real time; Adopt the ultrasonic A ripple of two-dimentional neighborhood of the present invention signal focus method to handle after the been scanned; Extract energy (magnitude squared with) eigenwert of its defective at last, defective is carried out the C scanning imagery through the palette technology.Wherein Figure 11 is the C scan image through the 2D-SAFT processing, and Figure 12 is the original C scan image of handling without synthetic focusing, the C scan image of Figure 14 for adopting traditional 1D-SAFT to handle.The defect characteristic contrast is seen shown in the table 1 under three kinds of methods.
Table 1
Claims (3)
1. the Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, a support bar is fixed on the tank base; The fixing diameter of supporting bar top is a 6mm-10mm smooth metal bead, regulates and is connected in the columniform ultrasonic probe position on the five degree of freedom motion stand, and it is vertical with surface level to make ultrasonic probe be in the axis of bead top and ultrasonic probe; Control ultrasonic probe then under axis keeps the situation vertical with surface level; Above bead, do the bow font scanning in the same perpendicular along the radial line of same horizontal direction of bead, gather a plurality of sample point sound waves and meet the echoed signal that the beads surface is produced, and extract this signal maximum amplitude; Again through the maximum amplitude that is extracted being mapped to color RGB (r; G, b) method of the gray-scale value that equates of three parameters the probe sound field is carried out visual, the ultrasonic C-scan Image of the sound field that promptly obtains to represent to pop one's head in;
Step 2, to the resulting ultrasonic C-scan Image of step 1; The utilization half-wave method is chosen the threshold value of ultrasonic scanning image binaryzation; The sound field image of probe is separated from the background of C scan image; Adopt digital image processing method to extract sound field edge of image and acoustic beam center line then; Calculate acoustic beam spread angle
near-zone length z on this basis, suppose that the probe wafer diameter is d, the underwater sound journey between center wafer point and the impact point is s; The disc diameter of the focusing neighborhood that impact point is required is D, sets up the mathematical model that focuses on the process points neighborhood to do
Step 3, workpiece for measurement is dispersed, be divided into the capable h row of g, row and the intersection point of row are decided to be the collection position of A ripple signal, the ultrasonic A ripple signal indication that gather in the capable j row of i intersection point place be s (i, j)={ x
Ij, y
Ij, q
Ij(k) | k=1,2 ..., r} wherein supposes i, j represents row and the sequence number that is listed as, x respectively
Ij, y
IjRepresent the coordinate figure of this collection position, q
Ij(k) represent k sampled point amplitude in this A ripple signal sampling point sequence, r representes sampled point length;
Step 4, ultrasonic A ripple signal is carried out synthetic focusing handle;
Step 5, the ultrasonic A ripple signal after handling to two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic focusing; Confirm that earlier the maximum waveform of first peak value is a boundary wave; Finding out with respect to the wave space of boundary wave then is defect waves less than the waveform of measured workpiece thickness, calculate each sampled point amplitude in the defect waves square and the energy feature value that adds up and obtain defective, and the energy feature value is mapped to color RGB (r through the palette technology with the defect characteristic value; G; B) gray-scale value that equates of three parameters is a central point with the coordinate figure of A ripple signal acquisition point, is that the length of side is drawn the little pel of square with the sampling interval; After all A ripple signal process defective visualization processing, promptly obtained the ultrasonic C-scan Image of measured workpiece.
2. a kind of Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step 4 ultrasonic A ripple signal is carried out the synthetic focusing processing and may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, with i, j assignment is 0;
Step 2, with interim ranks m, the n assignment is 0;
Step 3, judge signals collecting position s (i, j) with s (m, whether the distance between n) less than D/2, less than D/2 execution in step 4, otherwise execution in step 5;
Step 4, (m n) is added into s (i, the A ripple signal of j) participate in to focus on handling tabulation L with s
Ij
Step 5, judge whether m equals the maximal value g of row sequence number, if unequal then execution in step 6, otherwise execution in step 7;
Returning step 3 after step 6, row number value m add 1 continues to carry out;
Step 7, judge whether n equals the maximal value h of row sequence number, if unequal then execution in step 8, otherwise execution in step 9;
Step 8, column number value m add 1, return step 3 after row number value n composes 0 and continue to carry out;
Step 9, to the tabulation L of A ripple signal
IjCarry out that synthetic focusing is handled and assignment give the new ultrasonic A ripple signal S in the capable j row of i intersection point place (i, j);
Step 10, empty the tabulation L
Ij
Step 11, judge whether row i equals the maximal value g of capable sequence number, if unequal then execution in step 12, otherwise execution in step 13;
Returning step 2 after step 12, row number value i add 1 carries out;
Step 13, judge whether row sequence number j equals the maximal value h of row sequence number, if equate then whole flow process finishes, otherwise execution in step 14;
Step 14, row sequence number j add 1, and row number value i composes 0 back execution in step 2.
3. a kind of Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing according to claim 2 is characterized in that the execution flow process of said step 9 is:
From A ripple signal tabulation L
IjIn choose s (i, the reference point signal of j) handling as synthetic focusing travel through this benchmark A ripple signals sampling point sequence after setting the sampled point threshold value, obtain effective analystal section [k of defect waves
b, k
e], list of hypotheses L
IjIn the distance of certain A ripple signals collecting position and benchmark be l, ultrasonic card SF is f, the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in measured workpiece is c, then effective analystal section of this A ripple signal does
To the tabulation L
IjIn all participate in to focus on processing signals and carry out after valid interval analyzes; After suing for peace, the amplitude of the sampled point that the valid interval internal sort of each signal is identical averages again; Give in the effective analystal section of reference point signal corresponding sampled point as amplitude mean value assignment again then; Promptly obtain this position, collection point focus on A ripple signal S after handling (i, j).
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