CN102539532B - Ultrasonic C scanning imaging method based on two-dimensional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing - Google Patents
Ultrasonic C scanning imaging method based on two-dimensional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic C scanning imaging method based on two-dimensional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing, which includes five steps including performing visualization for an acoustic beam spread angle of a probe, building a mathematical model for a neighborhood of a focusing treatment point, collecting ultrasonic A wave signals, synthesizing focusing treatment ultrasonic A wave signals and performing ultrasonic C scanning imaging for a defect. The technical effect of the invention lies in that through focusing the two-dimensional neighborhood taking an objective point as a center and simultaneously taking the wafer diameter, the near field length and the acoustic beam spread angle of the probe into consideration, the neighborhood of the synthetic aperture focusing treatment point is confirmed, so that the scanning result is more accurate as compared with that of the conventional SAFT (synthetic aperture focusing technique) method, the adverse effects of the acoustic beam spread angle on the ultrasonic nondestructive detection can be effectively restrained, and the accuracy of the ultrasonic C scanning imaging is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Ultrasonic NDT formation method, particularly a kind of Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing.
Background technology
Ultrasound examination can be in the internal defects situation that judges of the condition of damaged member usability and shape not, it is the important means that guarantees product quality and performance, steady production technique in the many fields of modern industry, A ripple signal is as the raw data collected in the Ultrasonic Detection process, effect in ultrasonic automatic detection is very important: it is the foundation of Ultrasonic C Scanning Image, is also the basis of scanning result subsequent analysis and processing.Visible, obtaining accurate A ripple signal is the assurance that accurately detects defect.
And there is certain acoustic beam spread angle during ultrasonic probe emission sound wave, may receive the ultrasonic echo of same impact point when the diverse location of probe in measurand, make the flaw indication collected accurate not, thereby affect the precision of defect location, quantitative analysis results.Acoustic beam spread angle and wafer diameter, frequency are inversely proportional to, but large aperture probe is made complicated and application inconvenience, and there is the acoustic energy beam serious problem that decays in the too high meeting of frequency.Therefore, only depend on the probe of using different parameters instead to suppress the impact of spread angle unrealistic.Synthetic aperture focusing technology (Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique, SAFT) be a kind of advanced person's signal processing method, can be under the prerequisite of application small-bore probe, signal by gathering the impact point neighborhood analyzing and processing in addition, imitate a large aperture probe and carry out work, thereby improve the resolution of ultrasonic signal.
At present, SAFT mainly concentrates in the application in Ultrasonic Detection field aspect ultrasonic B scanning imagery, less for the research of member C scan image.Also there is following deficiency in existing relevant SAFT algorithm application in ultrasonic field: the process points that 1. participates in focusing on is limited to the one dimension neighborhood of impact point, belongs in fact the 1D-SAFT algorithm.As shown in Figure 1: centered by impact point, only on a line segment, consider the distribution of process points, this algorithm has only suppressed the diffuse transmission influence of spread angle in some directions, is difficult to the focusing effect that reaches desirable.Therefore be necessary the two-dimentional neighborhood centered by impact point is focused on to (2D-SAFT), as shown in Figure 2.Do not take into full account the impact of the sound field characteristics of probe when 2. synthetic focusing is processed, often by virtue of experience value determines that participation focuses on number and the distribution of the ultrasonic A ripple signal of processing, and wafer diameter, near field length, the acoustic beam spread angle angle of considering each probe decide synthetic aperture focusing processing neighborhood of a point more reasonable, effect is more desirable.
Summary of the invention
In order to suppress the adverse effect of acoustic beam spread angle to Ultrasonic C-Scan, obtain ultrasonic A wave datum accurately, the invention provides a kind ofly towards ultrasonic A wave datum, consider that process points is made rational planning for and the Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing of data problem of pretreatment simultaneously.
In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, technical scheme of the present invention is that a kind of Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing comprises the following steps:
A kind of described Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing, in described step 4, ultrasonic A ripple signal is carried out to the synthetic focusing processing and comprise the following steps:
Whether step 3, judgement signals collecting position s (i, j) are less than D with the distance between s (m, n), are less than D execution step 4, otherwise perform step 5;
Step 10, empty list L
ij;
Step 11, judge whether line number i equals the maximal value g of row sequence number, if unequal perform step 12, otherwise would perform step 13;
Step 12, line number value i return to step 2 and carry out after adding 1;
Step 13, judge whether row sequence number j equals the maximal value h of row sequence number, if equate whole flow process finishes, otherwise perform step 14;
Step 14, row sequence number j add 1, and line number value i composes 0 rear execution 002 step.
A kind of described Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing, the execution flow process of described step 9 is:
From A ripple signal list L
ijin choose the benchmark that s (i, j) processes as synthetic focusing, set the sampled point sequence to this benchmark A ripple signal after the sampled point threshold value and traveled through, can, referring to Fig. 7, extract the effective analystal section [k for defect
b, k
e], list of hypotheses L
ijin the distance of certain A ripple signals collecting position and benchmark be l, ultrasonic card sample frequency is f, the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in measured workpiece is c, effective analystal section of this A ripple signal is
by the valid interval internal sort of each signal, identical sampled point amplitude is averaged after being sued for peace again, then using mean value assignment again to the corresponding sampled point of the effective analystal section of reference point signal as amplitude, obtain this position, collection point and focus on the A ripple signal S (i, j) after processing.
Technique effect of the present invention is, carry out synthetic focusing by the two-dimentional neighborhood centered by impact point, improved the signal focus effect, wafer diameter, near field length, the acoustic beam spread angle angle of simultaneously considering each probe decides synthetic aperture focusing to process neighborhood of a point, make scanning result compare existing SAFT method more accurate, effectively improved the precision of Ultrasonic C imaging.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is target neighborhood of a point schematic diagram in existing SAFT disposal route;
Fig. 2 is target neighborhood of a point schematic diagram in SAFT disposal route of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is apparatus of the present invention schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that the present invention utilizes bead to scan drawn probe sound field ultrasonic C-scan Image;
Fig. 5 is the probe sound field image that the present invention separates from the background of C scan image;
Fig. 6 is ultrasonic probe sound field characteristic parameter schematic diagram of the present invention;
The collection schematic diagram that Fig. 7 is the ultrasonic A ripple of the present invention signal;
Fig. 8 is the process flow diagram that the present invention's two dimension neighborhood synthetic focusing is processed;
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram figure that synthetic focusing of the present invention is processed;
Figure 10 is test block pictorial diagram of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the flaw size figure in test block of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the handled C scan image of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the original C scan image of processing without synthetic focusing;
The C scan image of Figure 14 for adopting traditional SAFT to process.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 3-Figure 14, this embodiment take the test block that there is an irregularly shaped groove on the surface sweeping surface as example illustrates detection method of the present invention, the present invention controls the ultrasonic probe be installed on five degree of freedom motion stand by the motion control card of installing on control computer, ultrasonic probe is movable in tank, and ultrasonic signal being transferred to the ultrasonic card of control computer through prime amplifier, ultrasonic card transfers to control computer by the ultrasonic signal after processing and is further processed.Detecting step is as follows:
Step 1: as shown in Figure 3, by diameter on a support bar that is fixed on base, be that 6mm-10mm smooth metal bead is placed in tank, the length of support bar is generally the 25cm left and right for good, ultrasonic probe is connected on five degree of freedom motion stand, make the axis of ultrasonic probe in bead top and ultrasonic probe vertical with surface level, then control ultrasonic probe in the situation that axis keeps vertical with surface level, do the bow font scanning in same perpendicular along the radial line of the same horizontal direction of bead above bead, be after ultrasonic probe keeps moving horizontally and carries out single pass, upwards vertically move a segment distance, and then again scan along the former opposite direction moved horizontally, gather sound wave and meet the echoed signal that the bead surface produces, and extract this signal maximum amplitude, by this maximum amplitude being mapped to color RGB (r, g, the method of the gray-scale value that b) three parameters are equal is carried out visual to the probe sound field, if the maximum amplitude gathered is V
max, and the span of color RGB (r, g, b) three parameters is (0,255), therefore by V
maxthe linear mapping of value to color RGB (r, g, b) three parameters, i.e. V
max=0 o'clock, color RGB (r, g, b) three parameters assignment simultaneously were 0, V
maxduring the maximal value that can gather for ultrasonic acquisition card, color RGB (r, g, b) three parameters assignment simultaneously are 255, V
maxduring for other intermediate values, compose identical value in proportion color RGB (r, g, b) three parameters, amplitude can be converted to the color gray-scale value, probe acoustic beam spread angle is contained in the probe sound field, abstract sound field is carried out to the extraction of the visual acoustic beam spread angle of being convenient to pop one's head in, and use smooth ball as the target reflecting body, the acoustic beam of sound field optional position can the alignment with the ball target normal direction, can obtain to greatest extent reflection echo and guarantee the accuracy of measuring, and cost is low, simple to operate.
Step 2: for the resulting ultrasonic C-scan Image of step 1, use half-wave method, at first travel through ultrasonic signal value maximum in the sound field image, half of this value carried out to binary conversion treatment as threshold value to it, sound field is separated from background; Then to the C image after binaryzation by from left to right, order from top to bottom scanned, then adopt digital image processing method to extract edge and the acoustic beam center line of sound field image, on the acoustic beam center line last very big ultrasonic signal put to sound source the distance be called near field length z, as shown in Figure 6.The far-field region of sound field image perpendicular to the acoustic beam centerline direction on two diverse locations intercept respectively image outline, if s
1, s
2, d
1, d
2be respectively secondary when intercepting apart from length and the intercept of sound source, pop one's head in spread angle according to formula
calculate.Suppose that the probe wafer diameter is d, the underwater sound journey between center wafer point and impact point is s, and the disc diameter of impact point neighborhood is D, sets up the mathematical model that focuses on the processing vertex neighborhood to be
Whether step 3, judgement signals collecting position s (i, j) are less than D with the distance between s (m, n), are less than D execution step 4, otherwise perform step 5;
The step 3 of step 6, line number value m returning to after adding 1 continues to carry out;
Step 10, empty list L
ij;
Step 11, judge whether line number i equals the maximal value g of row sequence number, if unequal perform step 12, otherwise would perform step 13;
Step 12, line number value i return to step 2 and carry out after adding 1;
Step 13, judge whether row sequence number j equals the maximal value h of row sequence number, if equate that whole flow process finishes, otherwise perform step 14;
Step 14, row sequence number j add 1, and line number value i composes 0 rear execution step 2.
Wherein the execution flow process of step 9 is:
From A ripple signal list L
ijin choose the reference point signal that s (i, j) processes as synthetic focusing, set the sampled point sequence to this benchmark A ripple signal after the sampled point threshold value and traveled through, referring to Fig. 9, extract the effective analystal section [k for defect
b, k
e], list of hypotheses L
ijin the distance of certain A ripple signals collecting position and benchmark be l, ultrasonic card sample frequency is f, the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in measured workpiece is c, effective analystal section of this A ripple signal is
to list L
ijin after all participations focus on processing signals and carry out the valid interval analysis, by the valid interval internal sort of each signal, the amplitude of identical sampled point is averaged after being sued for peace again, then using mean value assignment again to corresponding sampled point in the reference point valid interval as amplitude, obtain this position, collection point and focus on the A ripple signal S (i, j) after processing.
Defect in test block is 5.6mm apart from the surperficial degree of depth, and the defect bottom is smooth, test block thickness 15mm, the major diameter 35.2mm of defect, minor axis 16.4mm, area 550.28mm
2.
The six degree of freedom CYS-1100 model Ultrasonic C-scanning System that the present embodiment adopts Shanghai Cytrix Electrical Technology Co., Ltd. to produce is tested, the ultrasonic card of selecting is UT-2001 type high-speed sampling card, probe is the water logging flat probe of the 2.5Z14SJ model of Shantou ultrasound instrument research institute's production, the wafer diameter of this probe is 14mm, near field length is 81.6mm, steel ball size in ball target method acoustic field is 4mm, by the C scanning imagery, probe acoustic beam spread angle is carried out visually, calculate on this basis the acoustic beam spread angle of this flat probe
be 6.8 °, therefore, setting up and focusing on the mathematical model of processing vertex neighborhood is tan3.4 °=14+0.119 of D=14+2 (s-81.6) (s-81.6).50mm*50mm data acquisition rectangular area is set, and step pitch is 0.3mm, and the underwater sound is apart from being 150mm, and sampled point length is 2000.Calculating the radius of neighbourhood is D=22.13mm, surveyed area is bent to font scanning the ultrasonic A ripple of Real-time Collection signal, after been scanned, adopt the ultrasonic A ripple of two-dimentional neighborhood of the present invention signal focus method to be processed, finally extract energy (squared magnitude and) eigenwert of its defect, by the palette technology, defect is carried out to the C scanning imagery.Wherein Figure 11 is the C scan image through the 2D-SAFT processing, and Figure 12 is the original C scan image of processing without synthetic focusing, the C scan image of Figure 14 for adopting traditional 1D-SAFT to process.Under three kinds of methods, the defect characteristic contrast is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Claims (3)
1. the Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, a support bar is fixed on the tank base, it is 6mm-10mm smooth metal bead that supporting bar top is fixed a diameter, adjusting is connected in the columniform ultrasonic probe position on five degree of freedom motion stand, make the axis of ultrasonic probe in bead top and ultrasonic probe vertical with surface level, then control ultrasonic probe in the situation that axis keeps vertical with surface level, do the bow font scanning in same perpendicular along the radial line of the same horizontal direction of bead above bead, gather a plurality of sample point sound waves and meet the echoed signal that the bead surface produces, and extract this signal maximum amplitude, be mapped to color RGB(r by the maximum amplitude by extracted again, g, the method of the gray-scale value that b) three parameters are equal is carried out visual to the probe sound field, obtain the ultrasonic C-scan Image of the sound field that can mean to pop one's head in,
Step 2, for the resulting ultrasonic C-scan Image of step 1, use half-wave method to choose the threshold value of ultrasonic scanning image binaryzation, the sound field image of probe is separated from the background of C scan image, then adopt digital image processing method to extract edge and the acoustic beam center line of sound field image, calculate on this basis the acoustic beam spread angle
, near-zone length z, suppose that the probe wafer diameter is d, the underwater sound journey between center wafer point and impact point is s, the disc diameter of the focusing neighborhood that impact point is required is D, the mathematical model that set up to focus on the processing vertex neighborhood is
Step 3, workpiece for measurement is carried out discrete, be divided into the capable h of g row, row and the intersection point of row are decided to be the collection position of A ripple signal, and the ultrasonic A ripple signal indication that the capable j row intersection point of i place gathers is s (i, j)={ x
ij, y
ij, q
ij(k) | k=1,2 ..., r}, wherein suppose i, j represents respectively row and the sequence number be listed as, x
ij, y
ijrepresent the coordinate figure of this collection position, q
ij(k) mean k sampled point amplitude in this A ripple signal sampling point sequence, r means sampled point length;
Step 4, ultrasonic A ripple signal is carried out to the synthetic focusing processing;
Step 5, ultrasonic A ripple signal after processing for two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic focusing, the waveform of first determining first peak value maximum is boundary wave, then finding out the waveform that wave space with respect to boundary wave is less than measured workpiece thickness is defect waves, calculate square also cumulative energy eigenvalue that obtains defect of each sampled point amplitude in defect waves, and energy eigenvalue is mapped to color RGB(r by the palette technology by the defect characteristic value, g, b) the equal gray-scale value of three parameters, point centered by the coordinate figure of A ripple signal acquisition point, take sampling interval as a little pel of square of length of side drafting, by all A ripple signals after the defect visualization processing, obtained the ultrasonic C-scan Image of measured workpiece.
2. a kind of Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 4, ultrasonic A ripple signal carried out to the synthetic focusing processing and comprise the following steps:
Step 1, by i, j assignment is 0;
Step 2, by interim ranks m, the n assignment is 0;
Whether step 3, judgement signals collecting position s (i, j) are less than D with the distance between s (m, n), are less than D execution step 4, otherwise perform step 5;
Step 4, s (m, n) is added into to the A ripple signal list L that s (i, j) participate in to focus on processes
ij;
Step 5, judge whether m equals the maximal value g of row sequence number, if unequal perform step 6, otherwise would perform step 7;
The step 3 of step 6, line number value m returning to after adding 1 continues to carry out;
Step 7, judge whether n equals the maximal value h of row sequence number, if unequal perform step 8, otherwise would perform step 9;
Step 8, column number value m add 1, and line number value n returns to step 3 after composing 0 continues to carry out;
Step 9, to the list L of A ripple signal
ijcarry out synthetic focusing processing assignment to the new ultrasonic A ripple signal S (i, j) in the capable j row intersection point of i place;
Step 10, empty list L
ij;
Step 11, judge whether line number i equals the maximal value g of row sequence number, if unequal perform step 12, otherwise would perform step 13;
Step 12, line number value i return to step 2 and carry out after adding 1;
Step 13, judge whether row sequence number j equals the maximal value h of row sequence number, if equate whole flow process finishes, otherwise perform step 14;
Step 14, row sequence number j add 1, and line number value i composes 0 rear execution step 2.
3. a kind of Ultrasonic C Scanning Image method based on two-dimentional neighborhood synthetic aperture focusing according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the execution flow process of described step 9 is:
From A ripple signal list L
ijin choose the reference point signal that s (i, j) processes as synthetic focusing, set the sampled point sequence to this benchmark A ripple signal after the sampled point threshold value and traveled through, obtain effective analystal section [k of defect waves
b, k
e], list of hypotheses L
ijin the distance of certain A ripple signals collecting position and benchmark be l, ultrasonic card sample frequency is f, the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in measured workpiece is c, effective analystal section of this A ripple signal is
To list L
ijin after all participations focus on processing signals and carry out the valid interval analysis, by the valid interval internal sort of each signal, the amplitude of identical sampled point is averaged after being sued for peace again, then using mean value assignment again to corresponding sampled point in the effective analystal section of reference point signal as amplitude, obtain this position, collection point and focus on the A ripple signal S (i, j) after processing.
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