CN102576356A - 串联联网光纤到座位的机内娱乐系统 - Google Patents

串联联网光纤到座位的机内娱乐系统 Download PDF

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CN102576356A
CN102576356A CN2010800348715A CN201080034871A CN102576356A CN 102576356 A CN102576356 A CN 102576356A CN 2010800348715 A CN2010800348715 A CN 2010800348715A CN 201080034871 A CN201080034871 A CN 201080034871A CN 102576356 A CN102576356 A CN 102576356A
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罗尔夫·维克隆德
道格拉斯·克莱内
格雷格·C·彼得里绍尔
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/40169—Flexible bus arrangements
    • H04L12/40176—Flexible bus arrangements involving redundancy
    • H04L12/40182—Flexible bus arrangements involving redundancy by using a plurality of communication lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
    • H04N21/214—Specialised server platform, e.g. server located in an airplane, hotel, hospital
    • H04N21/2146—Specialised server platform, e.g. server located in an airplane, hotel, hospital located in mass transportation means, e.g. aircraft, train or bus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/03—Arrangements for fault recovery
    • H04B10/038—Arrangements for fault recovery using bypasses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/42—Loop networks
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0654—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery
    • H04L41/0668—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery by dynamic selection of recovery network elements, e.g. replacement by the most appropriate element after failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0677—Localisation of faults
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/18—Loop-free operations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
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    • H04N21/2221—Secondary servers, e.g. proxy server, cable television Head-end being a cable television head-end
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/41422—Specialised client platforms, e.g. receiver in car or embedded in a mobile appliance located in transportation means, e.g. personal vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/436—Interfacing a local distribution network, e.g. communicating with another STB or one or more peripheral devices inside the home
    • H04N21/4363—Adapting the video or multiplex stream to a specific local network, e.g. a IEEE 1394 or Bluetooth® network
    • H04N21/43632—Adapting the video or multiplex stream to a specific local network, e.g. a IEEE 1394 or Bluetooth® network involving a wired protocol, e.g. IEEE 1394
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L2012/40267—Bus for use in transportation systems
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks

Abstract

本发明公开了一种显示出光纤到座位系统的优点的娱乐系统，其具有改进了的故障恢复特性并且减少了连接部件。在一个方面中，机内娱乐系统包括物理地互连为环状配置的多个头部端线路可更换单元以及物理地互连为串联配置的多个串联联网线路可更换单元，其中，在串联配置的边缘处的两个串联联网线路可更换单元中分别地与头部端线路可更换单元中的两个物理地互连，其中，通过调节在头部端数据路径中的链路参与而在有效头部端线路可更换单元之间保持无回路头部端数据路径，以及其中，通过调节串联联网数据路径中的链路参与而在两个头部端线路可更换单元中的至少一个与有效串联联网线路可更换单元之间保持一个或多个无回路串联联网数据路径。

Description

串联联网光纤到座位的机内娱乐系统
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求于2009年8月6日提交的题目为“串联联网光纤到座位的机内娱乐系统”的美国临时申请号61/273,584以及于2009年8月20日提交的题目为“串联联网光纤到座位的机内娱乐系统网络管理”的美国临时申请号61/274,726的优先权，其全部内容结合于此作为参考。
背景技术
在过去的25年中，机内娱乐(inflight entertainment)系统已经取得了明显发展。在1978年以前，IFE系统由仅声音系统组成。在1978年，Bell和Howell(Avicom分公司)引入了基于录影带的多人观看(group viewing)视频系统。在1988年，Airvision引入了第一个座位视频系统，允许乘客在广播视频的几个频道之间进行选择。在1997年，瑞士航空公司安装了第一个交互式视频点播(VOD)系统。当前，多种机内娱乐系统均提供了具有类似全数字视频光盘的控制的VOD。
机内娱乐系统的商业可行性的一个要素是系统的线路可更换单元(LRU)。术语“LRU”为通常描述飞机上的复杂部件(例如“黑匣子”)的技术术语，它被设计为在航线或机场坡道区域上被快速地更换。LRU的优点在于，它们通常为可以在需要维修的情形中被快速更换、从而使飞机停机很短的时间而继续操作的完备单元(self-contained unit)。为了能够被安装在飞机上，LRU设计必须首先依据在联邦法规法典的章节14中限定的方式而由联邦航空局批准。单硬件设计配置的LRU可以安装有不同的软件。机内娱乐系统的安装成本、操作成本、维护成本以及乘客舒适度极大地取决于其LRU的大小、形状要素、数量和重量，以及在单个飞机中和航空公司的整个飞机群间配置的不同LRU的数量。
图1示出了使用地面式VOD体系结构的传统机内娱乐系统(即，头部端、分配区域、座位端)。图的左侧示出了通常存在于系统的头部端或者在电子设备室中的部件。图的右侧示出了通常存在于座位端的系统部件。图的中间部分示出了通常存在于头部端与座位端之间的分配区域中的系统部件。这些部件包括将数据从头部端输出至座位端的区域分配盒(ADB)。ADB通常连接至每一座位列中的座位电子盒(SEB)，该座位电子盒将数据向前和/或向后分配到同一座位列中的相邻座位组。
近年来，机内娱乐系统供应商试图减少座位端处的独特LRU的数量。在图1中示出了传统的座位端体系结构的四个实例。框A和D示出了传统的座位体系结构，其中，SEB插入在ADB与诸如VDU和乘客控制单元(PCU)的座位端部件之间。框B和C示出了新近的体系结构，其反映了试图通过将SEB功能性移至VDU和/或PCU来消除或降低对SEB的依赖。该变化通常是以增加VDU和/或PCU的大小、重量和功率为代价的。
机内娱乐行业一直在慢慢地减少在头部端处和分配区域中的独特LRU的数量。此外，传统的机内娱乐系统需要区域间配线和座位到座位的配线，这些配线在机内娱乐系统供应商之间、甚至在单个机内娱乐系统供应商的各种产品中都会有所不同，从而导致安装和维护成本的增加。
机内娱乐行业中的一些小竞争者已经在头部端和分配区域中做出了改进。例如，一种最近的机内娱乐系统没有头部端或分配区域。然而，该系统与地面式VOD系统不相似，无法容易地利用来自地面世界的进步和技术发展。另一种最近的机内娱乐系统具有使音频、视频和应用服务器集成在单个LRU中的简化头部端。然而，该系统为私人所有，也无法容易地利用地面VOD系统技术的进步。此外，后面的系统需要头部端与座位端之间的分配区域节点的网络。
发明内容
在美国专利申请公开第2007/0077998号(其全部内容结合于此作为参考)中描述并在图2中概略示出的光纤到座位(FTTS)系统已经提供了更加模块化、可升级、可扩展、面向未来的有线机内娱乐系统，其利用地面VOD硬件和软件进步并且被封装从而不仅使单个飞机中的不同LRU而且使在航空公司的整个飞机群间的不同LRU的数量最小化。然而，该FTTS系统具有一定缺陷。首先，每个服务器交换单元(SSU)对于所有VDU以及直接连接至该SSU的任何舱室管理终端(CMT)均为单故障点。其次，星型连接网络拓扑(其中，每个VDU均具有到头部端SSU的专门的光纤“归航”)增加了该系统的成本和复杂性。例如，在通常的窄机身飞机安装上需要超过两英里的光纤，而在通常的宽机身飞机安装上需要超过四英里的光纤。飞机等级光纤(aircraft grade fiber)和光纤连接器的高成本，连同安装这些光纤部件的成本和复杂性，导致实施该体系结构非常昂贵。
在一些实施方式中，本发明提供了一种机内娱乐系统，该机内娱乐系统提供了在美国专利申请公开第2007/0077998号中描述的FTTS系统的优点，同时表现出了卓越的故障恢复特性并减少了光纤部件需求。然而，该系统不局限于飞行领域；事实上，还考虑了其他的应用，诸如但不限于公共汽车、轮船、汽车、火车等。
在本发明的一个方面中，这种机内娱乐系统包括物理地互连为环状配置的多个头部端线路可更换单元以及物理地互连为串联配置的多个串联联网线路可更换单元，其中，在串联配置的边缘处的两个串联连接网络线路可更换单元分别地与头部端线路可更换单元中的两个物理地互连，其中，通过调节头部端数据路径中的链路参与而保持在有效头部端线路可更换单元之间的无回路头部端数据路径，以及其中，通过调节在串联联网数据路径中的链路参与来保持两个头部端线路可更换单元中的至少一个与有效串联联网线路可更换单元之间的一个或多个无回路串联联网数据路径。
在一些实施方式中，通过从先前的串联联网数据路径中移除选定的链路来保持无回路串联联网数据路径。在一些实施方式中，选定的链路是利用跳计数信息来选择的。在一些实施方式中，选定的链路被选择为将有效串联联网线路可更换单元中的任一个和两个头部端线路可更换单元中的一个之间的跳步的最大数目最小化。
在一些实施方式中，根据在先前串联联网数据路径上检测到故障，通过将选定的链路添加到先前串联联网数据路径来保持无回路串联联网数据路径。在一些实施方式中，故障为链路故障。在一些实施方式中，故障为线路可更换单元故障。
在一些实施方式中，响应于在先前的头部端数据路径上检测到回路，通过从先前的头部端数据路径中移除选定的链路来保持无回路头部端数据路径。
在一些实施方式中，响应于在先前的头部端数据路径上检测到故障，通过将选定的链路添加到先前的头部端数据路径中来保持无回路头部端数据路径。在一些实施方式中，故障为链路故障。在一些实施方式中，故障为线路可更换单元故障。
在一些实施方式中，多个串联联网线路可更换单元包括至少一个视频显示线路可更换单元。
在一些实施方式中，多个串联联网线路可更换单元包括至少一个舱室管理终端线路可更换单元。
在一些实施方式中，多个串联联网线路可更换单元包括至少一个机上网络界面线路可更换单元。在一些实施方式中，机上网络界面线路可更换单元提供到公共广播系统的连接。在一些实施方式中，机上网络界面线路可更换单元提供到飞行管理系统的连接。
在一些实施方式中，多个串联联网线路可更换单元包括至少一个机外网络界面线路可更换单元。
在一些实施方式中，多个串联联网线路可更换单元包括至少一个数据加载器线路可更换单元。
在一些实施方式中，多个头部端线路可更换单元包括至少一个应用服务器。
在一些实施方式中，多个头部端线路可更换单元包括至少一个音频服务器。
在一些实施方式中，多个头部端线路可更换单元包括至少一个视频服务器。
在一些实施方式中，多个头部端线路可更换单元包括至少一个文档服务器。
在一些实施方式中，多个头部端线路可更换单元包括至少一个游戏服务器。
在一些实施方式中，多个头部端线路可更换单元包括至少一个乘客飞行信息系统服务器。
在本发明的另一个方面，用于机内娱乐系统的第一头部端线路可更换单元包括多个光纤收发器和与收发器通信地耦接的处理器，其中，在处理器的控制下，响应于经由收发器中的第一个到第二头部端线路可更换单元的第一链路的故障，第一头部端线路可更换单元激活经由收发器中的第二个到第三头部端线路可更换单元的第二链路，从而恢复多个头部端线路可更换单元之间的无回路头部端数据路径。
在本发明的另一个方面，用于机内娱乐系统的串联联网线路可更换单元包括多个光纤收发器和与收发器通信地耦接的处理器，其中，在处理器的控制下，响应于经由收发器中的第一个到第一个头部端线路可更换单元的第一数据路径的故障，串联联网线路可更换单元激活经由收发器中的第二个到第二头部端线路可更换单元的第二数据路径。
在本发明的另一个方面，用于机内娱乐系统的头部端线路可更换单元包括多个光纤收发器和与收发器通信地耦接的处理器，其中，在处理器的控制下，头部端线路可更换单元经由收发器中的第一个在链路上传送存在信息，经由收发器中的第二个在链路上接收存在信息，并且响应于接收到存在信息，从多个头部端线路可更换单元之间的无回路头部端数据路径的参与中移除链路中的一条链路。
在一些实施方式中，在处理器的控制下，头部端线路可更换单元经由收送器中的第三个将具有跳计数的第二存在信息传送至串联联网线路可更换单元。
在又一个实施方式中，用于机内娱乐系统的串联联网线路可更换单元包括多个光纤收发器以及与收发器通信地耦接的处理器，其中，在处理器的控制下，串联联网线路可更换单元经由收发器中的第一个在链路上接收具有接收到的跳计数的存在信息，使跳计数增加并且经由光纤收发器中的第二个在链路上传送具有增加了的跳计数的存在信息，并且其中，在处理器的控制下，串联联网线路可更换单元至少部分地基于接收到的跳计数来调节头部端线路可更换单元与多个串联联网线路可更换单元之间的无回路串联联网数据路径中的链路之一的参与。
结合下面简单描述的附图，通过参照以下详细的说明可以更好地理解本发明的这些和其他方面，当然，本发明由所附权利要求限定。
附图说明
图1示出了已知的机内娱乐系统。
图2示出了已知的FTTS机内娱乐系统。
图3示出了根据本发明一些实施方式的具有串联联网线路可更换单元链和头部端线路可更换单元环的机内娱乐系统。
图4示出了用于根据本发明一些实施方式的具有串联联网线路可更换单元链和头部端线路可更换单元环的机内娱乐系统的头部端线路可更换单元。
图5示出了用于根据本发明一些实施方式的具有串联联网线路可更换单元链和头部端线路可更换单元环的机内娱乐系统的普通串联联网线路可更换单元。
图6A至图6D示出了根据本发明一些实施方式的串联联网数据路径保持。
图7A至图7D示出了根据本发明一些实施方式的头部端数据路径保持。
具体实施方式
图3示出了本发明一些实施方式中的具有串联联网线路可更换单元(SN-LRU)链311-313和头部端线路可更换单元(HE-LRU)环310的机内娱乐系统(IFE)。如所示出的，SN-LRU链311和HE-LRU环310位于座位的外部，而SN-LRU链312、313位于座位上。在这些实施方式中，多个HE-LRU 309经由光纤链路308而通过环物理地连接。SN-LRU301-305的多个链经由例如光纤的链路307而在它们的边缘(端部)处物理地连接至HE-LRU 309，以使每个链的两个边缘物理地连接至HE-LRU309中的不同的一个。可以利用许多类型的SN-LRU，例如串联联网机上网络界面单元301、串联联网机外网络界面单元302、串联联网数据加载器303、串联联网CMT 304(通常定位在飞机厨房中)以及串联联网VDU305。
每个SN-LRU 301-305均通过拓扑通信(topology messaging)来发现最近的HE-LRU 309。在示出的实施方式中，在一个SN-LRU链311边缘上开始，单元301在上游方向上经由链路307连接至HE-LRU 309中的一个，同时在下游方向上经由另一链路306连接至单元302。单元301在上游方向上从HE-LRU 309接收包括HE-LRU 309的跳计数(hop count，跳步计数)的存在信息，使跳计数增加，并且沿着下游方向将更新的存在信息传送至单元302。当存在信息在下游方向上前进时，链中的每个接连的SN-LRU(例如302、303、304)均使跳计数增加。在该链上继续，单元302在下游方向上通过另一链路306而连接至数据加载器303。数据加载器单元303在下游方向上通过另一链路306而连接至CMT 304。在该SN-LRU链311的最后链路中，链的边缘处的CMT 304还通过另一链路307而返回连接至HE-LRU 309中的不同的一个。在另一方向上，CMT 304从HE-LRU 309接收包括跳计数的存在信息，使跳计数增加，并且沿着上游方向将更新的存在信息传递到数据加载器303。链311中的每一个接连的SN-LRU都相应地使该跳计数增加。
IFE系统可以包括至少一个附加的SN-LRU链312，也可能包括至少两个附加的SN-LRU链312、313。附加的一个SN-LRU链或者链312、313可以由大部分的任何类型的SN-LRU(诸如VDU 305)组成。在这些附加的SN-LRU链312、313的每个边缘上，串联联网VDU 305中的一个通过链路连接至HE-LRU 309中的一个，并且在这些SN-LRU链的每一个中，VDU 305均通过链路连接。这些附加的SN-LRU链312、313通常以与上述SN-LRU链311相同的方式来传播存在信息和跳计数信息。
另外，每个HE-LRU都通过拓扑通信来发现HE-LRU环310是封闭还是开放的。每个HE-LRU 309均接收来自邻近HE-LRU 309的存在信息并且在其非进入端口(non-ingress port)上中继该存在信息直到确定存在信息是回送到初始HE-LRU 309(在这种情形中，表明HE-LRU环310是封闭的)还是不回送到初始HE-LRU 309(在这种情形中，表明HE-LRU环310是开放的)。
服务器功能性(例如，应用服务器、音频服务器、视频服务器、游戏服务器、文档服务器、乘客信息系统服务器)以模块化、可升级、稳固的方式集成在HE-LRU 309中，以在HE-LRU 309的一个或多个出现故障的情况下将对IFE系统的影响最小化。HE-LRU 309和SN-LRU中的网络管理处理器在下面的情况下恢复正使用的(live)SN-LRU 301-305到HE-LRU309的网络接入：(a)沿着SN-LRU链311-313的连接断开；(b)SN-LRU链311-313中的SN-LRU 301-305出现故障；(c)在SN-LRU链311-313的一端处的HE-LRU 309出现故障。此外，HE-LRU 309内的网络管理处理器在下面的情况下恢复关于图6A至图7D所描述的SN-LRU 301-305到正使用的HE-LRU 309的网络接入：(a)任意两个HE-LRU 309之间的连接断开；(b)HE-LRU 309出现故障。当SN-LRU链311-313中的SN-LRU301-305的数目将改变时，相对较短的SN-LRU链通常向SN-LRU提供高等级的冗余和故障带宽(failover bandwidth)。在一些实施方式中，提供了诸如错误代码的错误指示，以有助于确认、诊断和/或定位错误。在一些实施方式中，错误指示被传送到机外监控和/或维护系统。
图4示出了适用于本发明一些实施方式的具有SN-LRU链和HE-LRU环的IFE系统中的代表性HE-LRU 400。在这些实施方式中，HE-LRU 400具有六种不同类型的集成服务器，包括一个或多个应用服务器401、视频服务器402、音频服务器403、游戏服务器404、文档服务器405和乘客飞行信息系统服务器406，所有的这些服务器都通过内部连接而连接至集成网络管理处理器407。通过实例的方式，网络管理处理器407可以为管理型交换机(managed switch)。
应用服务器401是提供以下类型的服务的系统控制器：内容管理；信道封装；事务处理；付费系统集成；服务管理；供应集成；系统管理(administration)和操纵；加密管理(密匙服务器、认证等)；软件客户管理；用于音频、视频、游戏和文档服务器等的服务器集成。视频服务器402提供以下类型的服务：VOD、近似VOD；每次观看支付；网络个人视频记录器；广播视频等。音频服务器403提供以下类型的服务：音频点播；广播音频等。游戏服务器404提供以下类型的服务：用于游戏的逻辑和程序化；基于游戏等的浏览器的动态传送网页。文档服务器405提供以下类型的服务：高速缓存因特网内容；高速缓存用户数据和用户分档(profile)数据等。乘客飞行信息系统服务器406使用来自飞机导航系统的输入，并且计算包括到达目的地的时间、速度、高度、外部空气温度、到达目的地的时间、飞机位置的各种飞行信息，以便以文本形式或者图示地(诸如移动地图显示等)显示给乘客。
处理器407具有为链的边缘上的SN-LRU的物理连接所保留的N个端口和为环中的其他HE-LRU的物理连接所保留的K个端口。为HE-LRU环连接所保留的K个端口通过内部连接件而连接至K个HE-LRU端口收发器408。端口收发器408通过K个内部光纤连接件而又连接至光纤面板连接器420。类似地，为SN-LRU链连接所保留的N个端口通过内部连接件而连接至N个SN-LRU端口收发器410。端口收发器410通过N个内部光纤连接件而又连接至面板连接器420。在一些实施方式中，内部光纤连接件在这些端口收发器连接至面板连接器420时是单工的(例如，端口收发器408和410是双向的或者耦合器用于将单向双工收发器输出转化为双向单工格式)。当HE-LRU 400在头部端被安装在支架中时，面板连接器420与连接器421盲配合。连接器421具有为HE-LRU端口所保留的K条外部光纤电缆，其中，HE-LRU端口在HE-LRU 400被安装在支架中时而连接至相应的HE-LRU内部光纤连接件。类似地，连接器421具有为SN-LRU链端口所保留的N条外部光纤电缆，其中，SN-LRU链端口在HE-LRU 400被安装在支架中时而连接至相应的SN-LRU内部光纤连接件。K和N均大于1。此外，HE-LRU 400具有T个数据端口，其中，K+N小于等于T。在处理器407的控制下，HE-LRU 400向任一SN-LRU提供存在信息，其中，该任一SN-LRU通过为SN-LRU链端口(即，任一边缘SN-LRU)所保留的N条外部光纤电缆中的一条而直接连接到HE-LRU400。在处理器407的控制下，HE-LRU 400还向任一HE-LRU提供其自身的存在信息，该任一HE-LRU通过为HE-LRU端口所保留的K条外部光纤电缆中的一条而直接连接到HE-LRU 400，并且在其非进入端口上中继在这些端口上从邻近的HE-LRU接收的任何存在信息(该HE-LRU不产生)。
图5示出了适用于本发明一些实施方式的具有SN-LRU链和HE-LRU环的IFE系统中的普通SN-LRU 500。在这些实施方式中，SN-LRU 500包括具有硬件和软件元件的LRU核501、第一光纤收发器503、第二光纤收发器504以及可为管理型交换机的网络管理处理器502。处理器502经由内部铜连接件而与第一收发器503和第二收发器504通信地耦接。处理器502经由诸如铜连接件的内部连接件而与LRU核501通信地耦接。第一收发器503经由例如外部光纤链路而物理地连接至上游HE-LRU或SN-LRU。第二收发器504经由外部光纤链路而类似地物理连接至下游HE-LRU或SN-LRU。处理器502向LRU核501提供通过第一收发器503到上游HE-LRU的网络接入或者通过第二收发器504到下游HE-LRU的网络接入。上游方向和下游方向分别地被任意指定为LRU的左侧和右侧的网络路径。
LRU核501的结构和功能根据SN-LRU类型而改变。用于机上网络界面单元301的LRU核使得能够接入用于乘客便利特征(诸如读取灯控制、空中乘务员呼叫和诸如移动地图等的应用飞行信息)的公共广播(public address)音频和数据。用于机外网络界面单元302的LRU核使得能够大致通过基于卫星或地面的射频网络而与地面网络进行通信。该LRU核可以使得能够根据执行而进行双向或单向通信。双向形式使能与地面网络的连接(宽带连接)。单向形式使能诸如电视(广播视频)的机外广播数据源的接入。用于数据加载器303的LRU核使能媒体内容更新(电影、音频、游戏、互联网网页、文件等)、关键更新和事务数据传送。该LRU核利用以下机制中的一个来使能数据传送：插入到数据加载器303中的可移除圆盘或磁带，在机上时携带并且临时连接至IFE系统、无线LAN或者其他无线链路的便携式圆盘驱动或磁带驱动。用于CMT 304的LRU核使空中乘务员能够实施诸如下面的操作和管理功能：诸如LRU重启、视频频道预览、空中乘务员代理佣金、乘务员呼叫状态、读取灯状态、内置测试、询问和系统检测。用于VDU 305的LRU核均包括使乘客能够观看视频内容并且操作IFE菜单的物理显示装置(例如，平板显示器)。这些LRU核可以经由显示触摸屏或者机械致动按钮而附加地提供诸如音量控制、频道控制、照明控制、乘务员呼叫按钮、菜单按钮和/或菜单选择按钮的PCU功能性。用于显示器界面单元(未示出)的LRU核包括使乘客能够观看视频内容并且操作IFE菜单的外部显示装置(例如平板显示器)的物理界面。与用于VDU的LRU核一样，这些LRU核可以经由显示触摸屏或者机械致动按钮而附加地提供诸如音量控制、频道控制、照明控制、乘务员呼叫按钮、菜单按钮和/或菜单选择按钮的PCU功能性。
图6A至图6D示出了本发明一些实施方式中的串联联网数据路径保持。图6A示出了IFE系统的物理配线，该IFE系统具有四个HE-LRU的一个环和物理地配线连接到HE-LRU 1和HE-LRU 2的四个SN-LRU的单个链。SN-LRU通过拓扑通信而保持通知最接近的HE-LRU并且调节串联联网数据路径的链路参与以建立并保持到HE-LRU的无回路数据路径，该无回路数据路径将任一SN-LRU的网络跳步的最大数目最小化。图6B示出了当在链中不存在错误时的串联联网拓扑。SN-LRU 2与SN-LRU 3之间的链路已从数据路径中被移除，从而导致两个无回路数据路径建立，其中，到HE-LRU的跳步(hop)的最大数目为二。图6C示出了在当检测到SN-LRU 1与SN-LRU 2之间的链路出现故障时的重新配置后的串联联网拓扑。该重新配置是通过将SN-LRU 2和SN-LRU 3之间的链路添加到数据路径以向所有SN-LRU提供到HE-LRU的最少跳步数据路径来做出的，其中，到HE-LRU的跳步的最大数目为三。图6D示出了当检测到SN-LRU 4出现故障时的重新配置后的串联联网拓扑。该重新配置是通过将SN-LRU 2和SN-LRU 3之间的链路添加到数据路径以向保持有效的所有SN-LRU提供到HE-LRU的最少跳步数据路径来做出的，其中，到HE-LRU的跳步的最大数目为三。图6B至图6D中示出的链路的增加和减少是在SN-LRU 1、SN-LRU 2和/或SN-LRU 3中的网络管理处理器的控制下利用从拓扑通信收集的跳计数和/或存在信息做出的。例如，每个SN-LRU可以在其网络管理处理器的控制下通过比较在其端口的两个中接收到的跳计数来确定其是否为链条的中间SN-LRU。如果两个端口的跳计数相同或者仅相差一个跳步，则SN-LRU自确定为中间LRU；否则，SN-LRU不会自确定为中间LRU。如果SN-LRU自确定为中间LRU，则SN-LRU切断链以建立无回路网路拓扑。如果两个端口的跳计数相差一个跳计数，则SN-LRU在其网络管理处理器的控制下阻塞具有较高跳计数的端口(即，具有到最近HE-LRU的较长路径的端口)而不阻塞另一端口。如果两个端口的跳计数相同，则SN-LRU在其网络管理处理器的控制下阻塞端口中的预定的一个而不阻塞另一端口。
图7A至图7D示出了在本发明一些实施方式中的头部端数据路径保持。图7A示出了IFE系统的物理配线，该IFE系统具有四个HE-LRU的一个环以及物理地配线连接到HE-LRU 1和HE-LRU 2的四个SN-LRU的单个链。当HE-LRU根据拓扑通信检测到封闭的HE-LRU环时，指定的HE-LRU从数据路径中移除其链路之一，以在HE-LRU之间建立无回路数据路径，在HE-LRU或链路出现故障的情况下，该链路随后可以返回到数据路径以保持该数据路径。图7B示出了在HE-LRU回路检测以后的头部端网络拓扑。在该拓扑中，HE-LRU 1与HE-LRU 4之间的链路已从数据路径中移除以取消回路。图7C示出了当检测到SN-LRU3与SN-LRU4之间的链路出现故障时的重新配置后的头部端网络拓扑。HE-LRU 1与HE-LRU 4之间的链路返回到数据路径以保持到所有HE-LRU的网络接入。图7D示出了当检测到SN-LRU 2出现故障时的重新配置后的头部端网络拓扑。该重新配置类似地使HE-LRU 1与HE-LRU 4之间的链路返回到数据路径以保持到所有正使用的HE-LRU的网络接入。图7B至图7D中所示出的链路的增加和减少是在HE-LRU 1、HE-LRU-3和/或HE-LRU 4中的网络管理处理器的控制下利用从拓扑通信收集的回路信息来做出的。在一些实施方式中，HE-LRU环中的至少两个HE-LRU具有单硬件设计配置。
在一些实施方式中，通过在网络管理处理器的控制下在数据前进状态与数据阻塞状态之间动态地调节HE-LRU和SN-LRU中的收发器的状态而从数据路径中增加和移除链路。自然地，即使当收发器和与其相关联的端口和链路不参与数据路径时，它们仍会继续运送存在信息和其他的管理信息。
在一个实施方式中，本发明与传统的生成树协议(spanning treeprotocol)的一个重要的区别特征在于在本发明中没有形成HE-LRU之间的无回路数据路径穿过SN-LRU的网络。
应该理解的是，本文所使用的术语“串联”说明了所述的装置被联网在一起的方式，并且不涉及通信的类型或者在网络链路上发送通信的方式。
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解的是，在不背离本发明的精神和实质特征的前提下，可以以其他的特定形式来实现本发明。因此，本描述在所有方面均被认为是说明性的而不是限定性的。本发明的范围由所附权利要求指出，并且与其等价物的意义和范围一起产生的所有变化旨在包含在本文中。

Claims (31)

1.一种机内娱乐系统，包括：
物理地互连为环状配置的多个头部端线路可更换单元；以及物理地互连为串联配置的多个串联联网线路可更换单元，
其中，在串联配置的边缘处的两个串联联网线路可更换单元分别与所述头部端线路可更换单元中的两个物理地互连，
其中，通过调节头部端数据路径中的链路参与而在有效头部端线路可更换单元之间保持无回路头部端数据路径，以及
其中，通过调节所述串联联网数据路径中的链路参与而在所述两个头部端线路可更换单元的至少一个与有效联网线路可更换单元之间保持一个或多个无回路串联联网数据路径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，通过从先前的串联联网数据路径中移除选定的链路来保持所述无回路串联联网数据路径。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中，所述选定的链路是利用跳计数信息来选择的。
4.根据权利要求2所述的系统，所述选定的链路被选择为将所述有效串联联网线路可更换单元的任一个和所述两个头部端线路可更换单元中的一个之间的跳步的最大数目最小化。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，响应于在先前的串联联网数据路径上检测到故障，通过将选定的链路添加到所述先前的串联联网数据路径，来保持所述无回路串联联网数据路径。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中，所述故障为链路故障。
7.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中，所述故障为线路可更换单元故障。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，响应于在先前的头部端数据路径上检测到回路，通过从所述先前头部端数据路径中移除选定的链路来保持所述无回路头部端数据路径。
9.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，响应于在先前的头部端数据路径上检测到故障，通过将选定的链路添加到所述先前的头部端数据路径来保持所述无回路头部端数据路径。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其中，所述故障为链路故障。
11.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其中，所述故障为线路可更换单元故障。
12.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述多个串联联网线路可更换单元包括至少一个视频显示线路可更换单元。
13.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述多个串联联网线路可更换单元包括至少一个舱室管理终端线路可更换单元。
14.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述多个串联联网线路可更换单元包括至少一个机上网络界面线路可更换单元。
15.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中，所述机上网络界面线路可更换单元提供到公共广播系统的连接。
16.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中，所述机上网络界面线路可更换单元提供到飞行管理系统的连接。
17.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述多个串联联网线路可更换单元包括至少一个机外网络界面线路可更换单元。
18.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述多个串联联网线路可更换单元包括至少一个数据加载器线路可更换单元。
19.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述多个头部端线路可更换单元包括至少一个应用服务器。
20.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述多个头部端线路可更换单元包括至少一个音频服务器。
21.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述多个头部端线路可更换单元包括至少一个视频服务器。
22.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述多个头部端线路可更换单元包括至少一个文档服务器。
23.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述多个头部端线路可更换单元包括至少一个游戏服务器。
24.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述多个头部端线路可更换单元包括至少一个乘客飞行信息系统服务器。
25.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述多个头部端线路可更换单元中的至少两个头部端线路可更换单元具有单硬件设计配置。
26.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述多个头部端线路可更换单元中的一个头部端线路可更换单元包括从以下类型的服务器中选择的至少两个不同类型的服务器：应用服务器、视频服务器、文档服务器、游戏服务器和乘客飞行信息系统服务器。
27.一种用于机内娱乐系统的第一头部端线路可更换单元，包括：
多个光纤收发器；以及
与所述收发器通信地耦接的处理器，其中，在所述处理器的控制下，响应于经由所述收发器中的第一个到第二头部端线路可更换单元的第一链路的故障，第一头部端线路可更换单元激活经由所述收发器中的第二个到第三头部端线路可更换单元的第二链路，从而恢复多个头部端线路可更换单元之间的无回路头部端数据路径。
28.一种用于机内娱乐系统的串联联网线路可更换单元，包括：
多个光纤收发器；以及
与所述收发器通信地耦接的处理器，其中，在所述处理器的控制下，响应于经由所述收发器中的第一个到第一头部端线路可更换单元的第一数据路径的故障，所述串联联网线路可更换单元激活经由所述收发器中的第二个到第二头部端线路可更换单元的第二数据路径。
29.一种用于机内娱乐系统的头部端线路可更换单元，包括：
多个光纤收发器；以及
与所述收发器通信地耦接的处理器，其中，在所述处理器的控制下，所述头部端线路可更换单元经由所述收发器中的第一个而在链路上传送存在信息，经由所述收发器中的第二个而在链路上接收所述存在信息，以及响应于接收到所述存在信息，从多个头部端线路可更换单元之间的无回路头部端数据路径的参与中移除链路中的一条链路。
30.根据权利要求29所述的头部端线路可更换单元，其中，在所述处理器的控制下，所述头部端线路可更换单元经由所述收发器中的第三个将具有跳计数的第二存在信息传送至串联联网线路可更换单元。
31.一种用于机内娱乐系统的串联联网线路可更换单元，包括：
多个光纤收发器；以及
与所述收发器通信地耦接的处理器，其中，在所述处理器的控制下，所述串联联网线路可更换单元经由所述收发器中的第一个在链路上接收具有接收到的跳计数的存在信息，使所述跳计数增加并且经由所述光纤收发器中的第二个而在链路上传送具有增加了的跳计数的所述存在信息，并且其中，在所述处理器的控制下，所述串联联网线路可更换单元至少部分地基于接收到的跳计数来调节头部端线路可更换单元与多个串联联网线路可更换单元之间的无回路串联联网数据路径中的链路之一的参与。
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US9118547B2 (en) 2015-08-25
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US9532082B2 (en) 2016-12-27
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US8659990B2 (en) 2014-02-25
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