CN103457593B - 具有非接触开关的接近开关组件及方法 - Google Patents

具有非接触开关的接近开关组件及方法 Download PDF

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CN103457593B
CN103457593B CN201310202004.3A CN201310202004A CN103457593B CN 103457593 B CN103457593 B CN 103457593B CN 201310202004 A CN201310202004 A CN 201310202004A CN 103457593 B CN103457593 B CN 103457593B
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proximity switch
proximity
switch
supporting plate
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CN103457593A (zh
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斯图尔特·C·索尔特
彼得罗·布托洛
科尔内尔·刘易斯·加德纳
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/96Touch switches
    • H03K17/962Capacitive touch switches
    • H03K17/9622Capacitive touch switches using a plurality of detectors, e.g. keyboard
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/94036Multiple detection, i.e. where different switching signals are generated after operation of the user is detected at different time instants at different locations during the actuation movement by two or more sensors of the same or different kinds
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/96Touch switches
    • H03K2217/9607Capacitive touch switches
    • H03K2217/960705Safety of capacitive touch and proximity switches, e.g. increasing reliability, fail-safe

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  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种接近开关组件,包括:具有第一接近传感器的第一接近开关和具有第二接近传感器的第二接近开关以及设置在第一接近开关和第二接近开关之间的触觉部件。该组件还包括基于来自第一和第二接近传感器的感测信号检测触觉部件上的物体并且当在触觉部件上检测到物体时阻止第一和第二开关启动的控制电路。该组件进一步包括具有第三传感器的支撑板,其中,控制电路利用第一传感器检测物体并检测支撑板上的物体,然后基于检测到的物体确定第一和第二接近开关的启动。

Description

具有非接触开关的接近开关组件及方法
技术领域
本发明总的来说涉及开关,更具体地,涉及能够增强开关启动确定的接近开关。
背景技术
机动车通常装备有各种用户可致动开关,诸如用于操控包括电动窗、门锁、前照灯、雨刷、天窗、内部照明灯、广播和信息娱乐设备以及各种其它设备的开关。通常,这些类型的开关需要由用户致动以启动或停用某设备或执行某种类型的控制功能。接近开关(诸如电容开关)采用一个或多个接近传感器来生成感测启动场(sense activation field)并感测表明用户致动开关的启动场的变化,这种变化通常由用户手指极为贴近或接触传感器引起。电容开关通常被配置成基于感测启动场与阈值的对比来检测用户是否启动开关。
开关组件经常采用多个互相靠近的电容开关,并通常要求用户选择单个所需电容开关来执行预期操作。在一些应用中,诸如在汽车中,驾驶员由于害怕分心而导致查看开关的能力有限。在此类应用中,期望允许用户摸索开关组件以寻找特定按钮的同时,避免过早地决定启动开关。因此,期望能够辨别用户是否意在启动开关,还是在关注更高优先级任务(诸如驾驶)的同时单纯地寻找某个特定开关按钮,抑或是并未打算启动开关。因此,期望提供一种增强人员(如驾驶员)对接近开关的使用的接近开关布局。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种接近开关组件。该接近开关组件包括具有第一接近传感器的第一接近开关和具有第二接近传感器的第二接近开关。该接近开关组件还包括设置在第一接近开关和第二接近开关之间的触觉部件。该接近开关组件进一步包括控制电路,其基于来自第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器的感测信号检测触觉部件上的物体并在触觉部件上检测到物体时阻止第一接近开关和第二接近开关的启动。
优选地,触觉部件包括向外延伸件。
优选地,向外延伸件包括隆起。
优选地,当未在所述触觉部件上检测到物体时,所述控制电路基于与第一接近传感器关联的信号超过阈值来启动第一接近开关。
优选地,该接近开关组件还包括:支撑板,支撑板包括用于感测支撑板上的物体的第三传感器,其中,控制电路基于在支撑板上检测到物体来确定第一接近开关和第二接近开关中的一个的启动。
优选地,当在支撑板上检测到物体时,控制电路允许启动第一接近开关和第二接近开关中的一个。
优选地,当在支撑板上检测到物体时,控制电路阻止第一接近开关和第二接近开关的启动。
优选地,第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器均包括电容传感器。
优选地,接近开关组件应用于车辆。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种接近开关组件,其包括具有第一传感器的第一接近开关。该接近开关组件还包括支撑板,其具有用于感测支撑板上的物体的第二传感器。该接近开关组件还包括控制电路,其利用第一接近传感器检测第一物体,并检测支撑板上的第二物体,然后基于对第一物体和第二物体的检测来确定对第一接近开关的启动。
优选地,该接近开关组件还包括:具有第三接近传感器的第二接近开关以及设置在第一接近开关与所述第二接近开关之间的触觉部件,其中,控制电路基于来自第一接近传感器和第三接近传感器的感测信号检测触觉部件上的物体并在触觉部件上检测到物体时阻止第一接近开关和第二接近开关的启动。
优选地,当在触觉部件上检测到物体时,控制电路阻止第一接近开关和第二接近开关的启动。
优选地,当在触觉部件上检测到物体时,控制电路允许第一接近开关和第二接近开关的启动。
优选地,触觉部件包括向外延伸件。
优选地,向外延伸件包括隆起。
优选地,第一接近传感器包括电容传感器。
优选地,接近开关组件应用于车辆。
根据本发明的又一个方面,提供了一种控制接近开关启动的方法。该方法包括感测与第一接近开关的第一传感器关联的第一信号和与第二接近开关的第二传感器关联的第二信号的步骤。该方法还包括基于第一信号和第二信号检测设置在第一接近开关和第二接近开关之间的触觉部件上的物体的步骤。该方法进一步包括基于检测到的物体控制第一开关和第二开关的启动的步骤。
优选地,控制第一开关和第二开关的启动的步骤包括:在触觉部件上检测到物体时阻止第一开关和第二开关的启动。
优选地,该方法还包括:感测具有第三传感器的支撑板上的物体并基于支撑板上的物体的检测确定启动第一接近开关和第二接近开关中的一个的步骤。
本领域的技术人员在研究以下说明书、权利要求和附图之后,将理解本发明的这些和其它方面、目标和特征。
附图说明
在附图中:
图1是根据一个实施例的在车门扶手和中控台中具有接近开关组件的机动车的车厢的立体图;
图2是根据第一实施例的图1所示一个接近开关组件的放大图;
图3是根据第二实施例的接近开关组件的放大图;
图4是根据第三实施例的接近开关组件的放大图;
图5是图2所示与用户手指关联的接近开关阵列的放大截面图;
图6是图5示出的电容式开关所采用的电容传感器的原理图;
图7是根据一个实施例的示出接近开关组件的框图;
图8是根据第一实施例的示出启动接近开关的程序的流程图;
图9是根据第二实施例的示出启动接近开关的程序的流程图;
图10是根据第三实施例的示出启动接近开关的程序的流程图;
图11是示出当物体接触两个相邻接近开关之间的隆起(ridge)时与这两个开关相关联的信号的曲线图。
具体实施方式
本发明的具体实施例按要求在此公开,然而,应当理解,在此公开的实施例仅为本发明的示例,其能够以各种替代方式实施。附图不一定是具体设计。可将一些图表放大或缩小以显示功能概况。因此,在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应视为限定,而仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以各种方式应用本发明的代表性基础。
参照图1,根据一个实施例,机动车10的内部总体被示出具有车厢和采用多个接近传感器22的开关组件20,其中接近传感器22具有开关启动监控和确定功能。车辆10被示出具有车门12和中控台18,两者均包括接近开关组件20。车门12包括扶手14,其上设置有接近开关组件20以允许乘客(如,驾驶员)控制设备或功能,诸如开启或关闭车窗16和门锁18。位于中控台18上的开关组件20可类似地控制诸如车窗16和门锁18的设备或功能,并且可以控制多种其它指定车辆功能。接近开关22可控制多个车辆设备和功能中的任意一个,如控制车窗16、门锁18或天窗的移动、控制天窗遮板的移动、控制一个或多个照明设备(诸如内部地图/阅读灯和顶灯)的启动以及各种其它设备和功能。然而,应当理解,接近开关22可位于车辆10的其它位置,诸如仪表板中、其它控制台(诸如顶置控制台)上、转向盘上、整合到广播和信息娱乐系统(诸如导航或音频显示)的触摸屏显示器30中、或根据不同车辆应用设置在车辆10的其它位置。
根据一个实施例,接近开关22在此被示出并描述为电容开关。每个接近开关22都包括至少一个接近传感器,其提供感测启动场以感测第一物体(诸如,用户手指)相对于一个或多个接近传感器的接触或靠近(诸如,1毫米之内),例如手指的敲击动作。因此,示例性实施例中的每个接近开关22的感测启动场均为电容场,并且用户的手指具有在感测启动场中引起变化和干扰的导电性和介电性,这对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。然而,本领域的技术人员还应当理解,可以采用其他或替代类型的接近传感器,例如但不限于电感传感器、光学传感器、温度传感器、电阻传感器等或它们的组合。示例性接近传感器在2009年4月9日出版的出版号为10620D-AT42-04/09的Touch Sensors Design Guide(ATMEL触摸传感器设计指南)中已有描述,其全部内容结合于此作为参考。
图1所示接近开关22均提供对车辆部件或设备的控制或提供指定控制功能。一个或多个接近开关22可用以控制车窗16的移动,以使车窗16在打开或关闭方向上移动。一个或多个其它接近开关22可用以控制门锁18处于解锁位置或锁定位置。车窗16和门锁18均可以响应于相应接近开关22的致动而由电机致动。其它接近开关22可用以控制其它设备,诸如打开/关闭内部地图/阅读灯、打开/关闭顶灯、解锁行李箱、打开后舱或使门灯开关失效。通过在此描述的接近开关22还可控制其他多种车辆控制装置。
参照图2,根据第一实施例示出了接近开关组件20,其具有5个接近开关22、4个隆起R1至R4的线性阵列和两个支撑板P1、P2(resting pad)。接近开关22被描述和示出为标记为B1至B5的虚拟按钮,每一个均具有与单个接近开关22对应的几何形状和区域。该接近开关组件20还包括标记为R1至R4的以隆起示出的多个向外延伸件,其均充当设置在相邻的一对接近开关22之间的触觉部件。隆起R1位于按钮B1与B2之间,隆起R2位于按钮B2与B3之间,隆起R3位于按钮B3与B4之间,以及隆起R4位于按钮B4与B5之间。隆起R1至R4相对于电容开关22的接触面均具有向外延伸的高度变化。电容开关可以与周围表面区域共面。隆起R1至R4提供用户可感觉的触觉部件以帮助确定手指相对接近开关22的位置。用户可以将物体(诸如,一个或多个手指)放置在隆起处,尤其在不期望启动开关的时候。在探寻或搜索模式下,用户可以使手指在隆起R1至R4顶部贴着或高于接近开关组件表面滑过。
所示接近开关组件20包括标记为P1、P2的一对支撑板,其通常被示出分别位于按钮B1、B5上方。根据一个实施例,支撑板P1、P2可包括启动传感器。支撑板P1、P2的启动传感器可以为类似于接近开关22所采用的传感器的接近传感器(如,电容传感器)。支撑板P1、P2具有被配置用作支撑板的几何形状和专用位置,用户可以将手指、手掌或身体其它部分放在支撑板P1或P2上以启动一个接近开关22或阻止启动一个接近开关22。
参照图3,根据第二实施例示出了接近开关组件20。在该实施例中,5个接近开关22(也可看作虚拟按钮B1至B5)的线性阵列配置有介于相邻开关22之间的多个隆起R1至R4。隆起R1至R4如上参照图2所示实施例所描述地设置在相邻开关之间。在该实施例中,隆起R1至R4均在相邻接近开关22之间具有作为触觉部件的加宽直立件,并且隆起R1至R4均在其顶面上进一步设置有凹坑(如,椭圆形凹坑)以给用户触摸感。在该实施例中,隆起R1至R4的宽度要大于第一实施例中的隆起的宽度,使得用户能够将手指或身体其它部分放置在充当支撑板的隆起上。如果在隆起上检测到手、手指、身体其它部分或物体,则会阻止与该隆起相邻的接近开关22的启动。应当理解,根据一个实施例,通过感测与相邻接近开关22关联的启动场,可以感测对隆起上的物体的检测。
参照图4,根据第三实施例,所示接近开关组件20具有接近开关22(也可看作虚拟按钮B1至B5)的线性阵列和另外的接近开关,其被示出为传感器B6并经由支撑板P与接近开关22分隔开。在该实施例中,单个直立件被配置为具有多个指状结构的支撑板P,多个指状结构以在相邻接近传感器22之间延伸的隆起R1至R4的形式充当触觉部件。支撑板P还在接近开关22的线性阵列的上方水平延伸以将开关22与传感器B6隔离。接近传感器B6为启动传感器,其可被配置为类似接近开关22所采用的电容传感器。根据该实施例,通过比较与相邻接近开关22关联的启动信号,可以在隆起R1至R4的其中一个上检测到物体,使得如果在两个相邻开关22中均检测到充足的信号,则可以确定在这两个开关之间的隆起上检测到物体。处理各个相邻开关之间的信号比较以确定是否有手指或其它物体位于其中一个隆起上。如果有手指在其中一个隆起上,则立即阻止该隆起的任意一侧的接近开关的启动。此外,相对于各个接近开关(示为按钮B1至B5)处理与传感器B6关联的启动场。通过相对于传感器B6处理与每个按钮B1至B5关联的信号,可确定是否有物体位于设置在按钮之间的支撑板P上。根据一个实施例,如果在支撑板P上感测到物体,则允许其中一个接近开关启动。因此,接近开关组件20要求用户在为执行预定操作而启动其中一个接近开关之前将手的一部分或其它物体放置在支撑板P上。根据另一个实施例,当在支撑板上检测到物体时,可以阻止接近开关的启动。
尽管此处示出和说明的触觉部件包括多个隆起形状的外延伸件,但是应当理解,也可采用具有不同形状、尺寸和表面纹理的其它触觉部件。根据不同的实施例,触觉部件可以为粗糙表面部件、不同材料部件或其它部件。
参照图5,图2所示接近开关组件20的一部分被示出具有3个级联布置的彼此紧密联系的接近开关22的阵列,其在开关组件20使用期间与用户的手指相关联。每个接近开关22均包括一个或多个用于生成感测启动场32的接近传感器24。接近传感器24可以在基板上形成,诸如在聚合物车门扶手或控制台与顶部接触面相对的后表面上形成。除设置在相邻接近开关22之间以隆起R1和R2的形状示出为向外延伸件的触觉部件外,接近开关组件20的接触侧具有大致齐平的表面。此外,还可在基板14后侧设置灯来为每个按钮B1至B5提供照明。应当理解,图3和图4所示接近开关22和隆起R1至R5可成形为与图2和图5所示的这些结构类似。
根据一个实施例,每个接近传感器24都可通过在基板14的后表面上印制导电油墨来成形,其中基板14可以是扶手14。图6示出了印制油墨接近传感器24的一个实例,其通常具有驱动电极26和接收电极28,两个电极均具有用于生成电容场32的交叉齿状结构。应当理解,每个接近传感器还可通过其它方式成形,例如,根据其它实施例,在基板上装配预成形的导电电路轨迹。驱动电极26接收电压为VI的方波驱动脉冲。接收电极28具有生成输出电压Vo的输出。应当理解,可以采用各种其它方式配置电极26与电极28来生成如启动场32的电容场。
在此示出和描述的实施例中,每个接近传感器24的驱动电极26均被施加有电压输入VI,电压输入的方波脉冲具有足以将接收电极28充电至期望电压的充电脉冲循环。从而,接收电极28充当测量电极。在所示实施例中,由相邻接近开关22生成的相邻感测启动场32存在重叠,然而,在其它实施例中也会或多或少地存在重叠。当用户或操作者(诸如用户的手指34)进入启动场32时,接近开关组件20检测手指34对启动场32的干扰,并确定该干扰是否足够启动相应的接近开关22。通过处理与相应信号通道相关的充电脉冲信号来检测对启动场32的扰动。当用户的手指34接触两个启动场32时,接近开关组件20通过各自的信号通道检测对两个接触启动场的干扰。每个接近开关22都具有自己专用的信号通道,其生成的充电脉冲计数以本文讨论的方式处理。
参照图7,根据一个实施例示出了接近开关组件20。所示多个接近开关22为控制器40(如微控制器)提供输入。控制器40可包括控制电路,诸如微处理器42和存储器48。控制电路可包括与每个开关22关联的启动场信号的感测控制电路处理,以通过比较启动场信号与对一个或多个控制程序设定的一个或多个阈值来感测用户对开关的启动。应当理解,也可采用其它模拟和/或数字控制电路处理每个启动场信号、确定用户启动以及初始化动作。根据一个实施例,控制器40可采用芯片支持的QMatrix获取方法。ATMEL获取方法利用WINDOWS主机的C/C++运算器和调试器WinAVR来简化开发和对鹰眼的测试,鹰眼用于监视软件中关键变量的实时内部状态并收集数据记录用于后处理。
控制器40向一个或多个设备提供输出信号,这些设备被配置成响应于所检测到的接近开关启动而执行专用动作。例如,一个或多个设备包括:具有将窗玻璃在开/关位置之间移动的电机的车窗16、具有将门锁在锁定与解锁位置之间移动的电机或其它致动器的门锁18、以及可用于锁定所有车门(例如对车窗的家长控制)的窗锁17。也可控制其它设备,诸如用于执行开/关功能、音量控制和扫描的无线电以及用于执行其它专用功能的专用设备。其中一个接近开关22可用于关闭车窗,另一个接近开关22可用于打开车窗,再一个接近开关22可用于解锁门锁,又一个接近开关22可用于锁定门锁,还有一个接近开关22可用于锁定所有车窗。
控制器40还被示出具有连接至微处理器42的模数(A/D)比较器44。A/D比较器44接收来自每个接近开关22的电压输出VO,将模拟信号转换为数字信号,并将数字信号提供给微处理器42。此外,控制器40包括连接至微处理器42的脉冲计数器46。脉冲计数器46对施加于每个接近传感器的每个驱动电极的充电信号脉冲计数,对需要为电容充电直到输出电压VO达到预定电压的脉冲进行计数,以及将计数提供至微处理器42。脉冲计数表明相应电容传感器中电容的改变。控制器40还被示出与脉宽调制驱动缓冲器15通信。控制器40为脉宽调制驱动缓冲器15提供脉宽调制信号,以生成施加于每个接近开关/传感器22的每个驱动电极的方波脉冲序列VI。控制器40处理一个或多个控制程序(在一个实施例中被示为包括存储在存储器中的控制程序100)以监控并确定对其中一个接近开关的启动。
控制程序100处理各个接近开关22,并执行用于感测用户对传感器的输入并确定与接近开关组件20关联的接近开关的启动的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:利用多个接近传感器中的每一个生成启动场;以及检测由于物体(诸如用户)的存在而引起的与接近开关关联的每个接近传感器的信号。根据一个实施例,控制程序检测物体是否按压在支撑板上或接触支撑板,并在开关被启动且在支撑板上检测到物体时允许开关启动。根据另一个实施例,控制程序检测物体是否按压在支撑板上或接触支撑板,并在支撑板上检测到物体时阻止开关启动。根据另外的实施例,控制程序检测与两个相邻开关关联的信号的信号幅值何时超过表明物体位于相邻开关之间的隆起或非常靠近隆起的阈值,并在超出的情况下阻止相邻开关的启动。
参照图8,根据第一实施例示出了基于支撑板的致动来启动接近开关的程序70。在该实施例中,开关组件20可以如图2或图4所示配备支撑板。如图2所示,支撑板包括两个板P1、P2。程序70在步骤72处开始,然后进行至决策步骤74以确定按钮i的信号是否由于第一物体的存在而处于ON状态,如果为否,则返回至开始状态。如果按钮i的信号被确定为处于ON状态,则程序70进行至决策步骤76以确定支撑板是否被第二物体按压,如果为否,则返回开始状态。如果支撑板确定被按压,则程序70进行至步骤78以启动按钮i的开关。根据该实施例,为了开启预期的接近开关,用户必须启动支撑板和其中一个接近开关。因此,支撑板充当了安全部件,其要求在支撑板和开关均启动的情况下启动开关。
参照图9,根据第二实施例示出了基于支撑板未被按压来控制接近开关的启动的程序80。在该实施例中,程序80在步骤82处开始,然后进行至决策步骤84以确定按钮i的信号是否处于ON状态,如果为否,则返回开始状态。如果按钮i的信号确定为处于ON状态,则程序80进行至决策步骤86以确定支撑板是否被按压,如果为是,则返回至步骤84。如果支撑板确定为未被按压,则程序80进行至步骤88以启动按钮i。因此,在该实施例中,开关的启动要求支撑板未被按压。如果手指、手或其它物体放置在支撑板上,则会阻止接近开关的启动。程序80可在较大物体(如手)放置在接近开关组件上的情况下应用,从而防止信号开关的误启动。
参照图10,程序100被示出为基于从与相邻接近开关(由隆起隔开)关联的接近传感器感测到的信号来启动开关,并且在相邻接近开关之间的触觉部件(如隆起)上检测到物体时阻止对相邻开关的启动。控制程序100可以在图2至图4所示的任意实施例中实施,通过处理与被触觉部件(如隆起)分隔开的相邻接近开关22关联的信号来实现。程序100在步骤102处开始,然后进行至步骤104以获得信号通道i=1-5。接下来,在步骤106处,程序100找到最大通道信号CH1=CHmax。然后程序100进行至决策步骤108以确定CHmax是否大于阈值,如果为否,则返回步骤104。如果CHmax大于阈值,则程序100进行至步骤110以确定是否存在任何通道CHi大于α×CHmax,其中α为乘法因数,根据一个实例该值可以是0.5。因此,在步骤110中寻找值在最大信号的50%范围内的任何信号通道。如果没有其它信号通道大于最大信号的50%,则程序100继续进行以启动具有最大信号通道的开关。
如果有其它信号通道大于α×CHmax,则程序100进行至决策步骤114以确定如下信息:信号通道是否大于α×CHmax;相邻通道CH i+1是否大于α×CHmax;当前通道(CH i)减去相邻通道(CH i+1)的差值的绝对值是否小于表明相邻通道的信号值足够接近的△max。如果决策步骤114中的任何一个条件未满足,则程序100返回至步骤104。如果步骤114中的所有条件均满足,则程序100进行步骤116以确定当前开关和相邻开关的信号通道由支撑板(设置在开关之间的触觉部件或隆起)上的物体触发,并将当前开关和相邻开关从通道信号大于α×CHmax的可选列表中移除,使得当在触觉部件上检测到物体时,阻止与相邻通道关联的开关的启动。然后,程序100进行至决策步骤118以确定是否剩余任何其它大于α×CHmax的通道,如果为否,则在步骤120处启动当前开关。否则,程序100返回至步骤114。
程序100可进一步处理与按钮B1至B5和接近传感器B6(如图4中的实施例所示)关联的信号。在此过程中,将与按钮B1至B5中的每一个关联的信号和与接近传感器B6关联的信号进行比较以确定是否有物体放置在按钮B1至B5和传感器B6之间的板P上。根据一个实施例,在板P上检测到物体可允许启动其中一个接近开关。根据另一个实施例,在板P上检测到物体可阻止所有接近开关的启动。
参照图11,根据一个实例示出了显示为如图5和图10所示与每对相邻的接近开关22关联的信号的△传感器计数的传感器脉冲计数的变化量。传感器充电脉冲计数的变化量(△传感器计数)是启动场中无手指或其它物体存在时的初始参考计数值与相应传感器读数的差值。在该实例中,当用户的手指在开关上方移动时,用户的手指进入与第一接近开关22关联的启动场32。实线60A与60B所示的信号为与相邻开关22的两个相邻电容传感器24关联的传感器充电脉冲计数的变化量(△)。在所公开实施例中,接近传感器24为电容传感器。当用户的手指接触或十分靠近传感器24时,手指改变了相应传感器24处测得的电容。该电容与未接触的传感器垫片寄生电容并联,并由此测量此电容作为偏移。用户或操作者引起的电容与用户的手指或身体其它部分的介电常数和暴露于电容垫片的表面积成正比,以及与用户的四肢和开关按钮之间的距离成反比。根据一个实施例,每个传感器都受到经过脉宽调制(PWM)电子设备的连续电压脉冲的刺激直到该传感器充电达到设定电势。这种获取方法将接收电极充电至已知电势。重复该循环直至测量电容器两端的电压达到预定值。将用户的手指放在开关22的触摸表面上引入了外部电容,其增加了每个循环转移的电荷量,从而减少了测量电容达到预定电压的总循环数。由于传感器充电脉冲计数变化量基于初始参考读数与传感器读数之差,所以用户的手指引起该值的增加。
如图11所示,与第一电容开关(如图5示出的按钮B1)关联的信号60A被示出上升至最大值CHmax。与相邻接近开关(如按钮B2)关联的第二信号60B有时间上的延迟,其同样上升并超过阈值α×CHmax,其中α为小于1的乘数因子,诸如在0.5至0.75的范围内。当信号60A与60B在△max范围内在数值上接近时,该程序寻找置于隆起上的物体。信号60A与60B在标记为R的一段时间内同时超过阈值α×CHmax,在这段时间内,控制程序确定有物体置于被示为隆起R1(设置在按钮B1和按钮B2之间)的触觉部件上。当上述过程发生时,确定隆起上存在物体,使得阻止启动相邻开关B1和B2中的任一个。因此,无论何时在触觉部件上检测到物体时,均可阻止对开关的误启动。
因此,上述接近开关组件和方法可基于诸如隆起或支撑板的触觉部件有利地确定对接近开关的启动。该系统和方法有利地允许用户探寻接近开关面板,这在需要避免驾驶员分心的车辆应用中非常有用。
应当理解,在不背离本发明内容的情况下,可以对上述结构进行变化和修改,并且可以进一步理解,除非另外指定,否则这些内容被权利要求所覆盖。

Claims (18)

1.一种接近开关组件,包括:
第一接近开关,包括第一接近传感器;
第二接近开关,包括第二接近传感器;
触觉部件,设置在所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关之间;以及
控制电路,基于来自所述第一接近传感器和所述第二接近传感器的感测信号检测所述触觉部件上的物体,并在所述触觉部件上检测到物体时阻止所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关的启动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关组件,其中,所述触觉部件包括向外延伸件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的接近开关组件,其中,所述向外延伸件包括隆起。
4.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关组件,其中,当未在所述触觉部件上检测到物体时,所述控制电路基于与所述第一接近传感器关联的信号超过阈值来启动所述第一接近开关。
5.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关组件,还包括:支撑板,所述支撑板包括用于感测所述支撑板上的物体的第三传感器,其中,所述控制电路基于在所述支撑板上检测到物体来确定所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关中的一个的启动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的接近开关组件,其中,当在所述支撑板上检测到物体时,所述控制电路允许启动所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关中的一个。
7.根据权利要求5所述的接近开关组件,其中,当在所述支撑板上检测到物体时,所述控制电路阻止所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关的启动。
8.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关组件,其中,所述第一接近传感器和所述第二接近传感器均包括电容传感器。
9.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关组件,其中,所述接近开关组件应用于车辆。
10.一种接近开关组件,包括:
第一接近开关,包括第一接近传感器;
支撑板,包括用于感测所述支撑板上的物体的第二传感器;以及
控制电路,利用所述第一接近传感器检测第一物体,并检测所述支撑板上的第二物体,以及基于所述第一物体和所述第二物体的检测确定所述第一接近开关的启动;
具有第三接近传感器的第二接近开关以及设置在所述第一接近开关与所述第二接近开关之间的触觉部件,其中,所述控制电路基于来自所述第一接近传感器和所述第三接近传感器的感测信号检测所述触觉部件上的物体并在所述触觉部件上检测到物体时阻止所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关的启动。
11.根据权利要求10所述的接近开关组件,其中,当在所述触觉部件上检测到物体时,所述控制电路允许所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关的启动。
12.根据权利要求10所述的接近开关组件,其中,所述触觉部件包括向外延伸件。
13.根据权利要求12所述的接近开关组件,其中,所述向外延伸件包括隆起。
14.根据权利要求10所述的接近开关组件,其中,所述第一接近传感器包括电容传感器。
15.根据权利要求10所述的接近开关组件,其中,所述接近开关组件应用于车辆。
16.一种控制接近开关启动的方法,包括:
感测与第一接近开关的第一传感器关联的第一信号;
感测与第二接近开关的第二传感器关联的第二信号;
基于所述第一信号和所述第二信号检测设置在所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关之间的触觉部件上的物体;以及
基于所检测到的物体控制所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关的启动。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,控制所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关的启动的步骤包括:在所述触觉部件上检测到物体时阻止所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关的启动。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法,还包括:感测具有第三传感器的支承板上的物体并基于所述支承板上的物体的检测确定启动所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关中的一个的步骤。
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