CN103969604A - Radio-frequency atom magnetometer and method for measuring nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal by same - Google Patents
Radio-frequency atom magnetometer and method for measuring nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal by same Download PDFInfo
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- CN103969604A CN103969604A CN201410240804.9A CN201410240804A CN103969604A CN 103969604 A CN103969604 A CN 103969604A CN 201410240804 A CN201410240804 A CN 201410240804A CN 103969604 A CN103969604 A CN 103969604A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a radio-frequency atom magnetometer and a method for measuring a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal by the same. The atom magnetometer comprises an NMR system, a laser source, a probe and a detection device, wherein the laser source, the probe and the detection device are connected through a laser path so as to form a detection part of the atom magnetometer. The method comprises the following steps: under the action of the NMR system, a sample generates an NMR or nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) free induction decay signal; a pump light generated by the laser source enters a rubidium atom gas chamber after being subjected to beam expansion and is used for pumping rubidium atom vapor; under the action of the free induction decay signal, the polarization angle of an incident pump light is modulated, the modulation of the polarization angle of an emergent pump light is detected, and the frequency constituent of the free induction decay signal can be determined by analyzing the modulation information of the polarization angle, so that the information of the sample can be obtained. The magnetometer is simple in structure, high in sensitivity, low in technology realization requirement, low in power consumption, and capable of detecting a radio-frequency magnetic field generated by the NMR system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of atom magnetometer, the method for especially a kind of radio frequency atom magnetometer and measurement NMR signal thereof, belongs to magnetic detection technical field.
Background technology
In modern science and technology, the application of magnetic detection technology is very extensive, for example there is very important application at aspects such as medical science, military affairs, industry and geophysicses, so the detection in magnetic field is a very important technology, and in magnetic detection field, often need to use high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer.
The ultimate principle of atom magnetometer is to adopt light beam polarization alkali metal atom, and adopts another light beam to detect polarized atomic spin at the component that detects light direction, realizes atomic low-intensity magnetic field and detects.Atom magnetometer is paid close attention to because the advantages such as it is highly sensitive, device simple, technology realization condition is low, power consumption is little cause widely, has very much development prospect.But also resting on mostly, measures in static low-intensity magnetic field the atom magnetometer that laboratory is used at present, and in fact many application, for example nuclear magnetic resonance (comprising nuclear quadrupole resonance) and magnetic resonance imaging, all requirement will be surveyed radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field, i.e. time-varying magnetic field.Therefore, need to provide a kind of device of measuring time-varying magnetic field, i.e. a kind of atom magnetometer that can measure NMR signal.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the defect in order to solve above-mentioned prior art, a kind of simple in structure, highly sensitive radio frequency atom magnetometer is provided.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of above-mentioned atom magnetometer to measure the method for NMR signal.
Object of the present invention can be by taking following technical scheme to reach:
Radio frequency atom magnetometer, comprises NMR system, LASER Light Source, probe and pick-up unit, and described LASER Light Source, probe and pick-up unit connect and compose the test section of atom magnetometer by laser optical path, wherein:
Free induction decay signal, or make solid sample produce the free induction decay signal of a nuclear quadrupole resonance; Described NMR system, for making fluid sample produce nuclear magnetic resonance
Described LASER Light Source, for producing the pump light of linear polarization by laser instrument;
Described probe, for responding to the free induction decay signal of sample, free induction decay signal can make the plane of polarization rotation of incident pump light change;
Described pick-up unit, for detection of the polarization angle modulation of outgoing pump light, by analyzing polarization angle modulation intelligence to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal, thereby obtains the information of sample.
As a kind of preferred version, described NMR system comprises the first current source, the first Helmholtz coils/permanent magnet, radio-frequency coil and radio-frequency signal generator, and described first driven with current sources the first Helmholtz coils/permanent magnet produces dominant magnetic field; Described radio-frequency coil is placed transverse to dominant magnetic field, and is connected with radio-frequency signal generator, for generation of radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field; When described sample is fluid, sample is placed in dominant magnetic field through radio-frequency coil simultaneously, and under the acting in conjunction of dominant magnetic field and radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field, produces the free induction decay signal of a nuclear magnetic resonance after polarizing by a prepolarization module is pre-; When described sample is solid, remove dominant magnetic field, sample directly, through radio-frequency coil, produces the free induction decay signal of a nuclear quadrupole resonance under the effect of radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field.
As a kind of preferred version, described probe is placed in a bias magnetic field, comprise a rubidium atomic air chamber that includes rubidium atom vapor, described rubidium atomic air chamber is placed near sample, and be placed in a constant temperature oven to carry out temperature control, described constant temperature oven is placed with magnetic shielding device outward, and described magnetic shielding device is made up of three nested metal levels; Described bias magnetic field is produced by second driven with current sources the second Helmholtz coils/permanent magnet.
As a kind of preferred version, the cylindrical shape of described rubidium atomic air chamber, inside vacuumizes, inwall is coated paraffin coating, and is respectively equipped with incident light mouth and emergent light mouth in both sides.
As a kind of preferred version, the pumping light frequency that described LASER Light Source produces is locked in resonance line place, rubidium atom D1 line F=3 → F '=2, and optical maser wavelength is 794.8nm.
As a kind of preferred version, described three nested metal levels are three groups of nested Helmholtz coilss.
As a kind of preferred version, described pick-up unit is placed in outside emergent light mouth, comprise polarization splitting prism, photodiode, change-over circuit and signal processing module, described polarization splitting prism is divided into outgoing pump light the light of two polarization states, by photodiode, light signal is become to electric signal, after change-over circuit is done poor, amplification and filtering, access signal processing module with lock-in amplifier and process.
As a kind of preferred version, described polarization splitting prism adopts wollaston prism.
Another object of the present invention can be by taking following technical scheme to reach:
Radio frequency atom magnetometer is measured the method for NMR signal, comprises the following steps:
1) in the time that sample is fluid, after sample polarizes by a prepolarization module is pre-, be placed in dominant magnetic field through radio-frequency coil simultaneously, connecting radio-frequency signal generator makes radio-frequency coil produce radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field, when the Larmor frequency of sample and radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field is identical, can there is nuclear magnetic resonance, absorb magnetic field energy and energy level transition occurs, producing the free induction decay signal of a nuclear magnetic resonance simultaneously; In the time that sample is solid, remove dominant magnetic field, sample, directly through radio-frequency coil, is connected radio-frequency signal generator and is made radio-frequency coil produce radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field, produces the free induction decay signal of a nuclear quadrupole resonance under the effect of radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field;
2) in constant temperature oven, pass into thermal current, control the temperature of the rubidium atom vapor in rubidium atomic air chamber at 40 DEG C～80 DEG C; The pump light that LASER Light Source produces, after expanding, enters rubidium atomic air chamber by incident light mouth, and rubidium atom vapor is carried out to pumping, makes rubidium atom vapor in the abundant aligned condition of quadrupole moment;
3) under the effect of free induction decay signal, the plane of polarization rotation of the pump light in rubidium atomic air chamber changes, the polarization angle of pump light is modulated, now this pump light is by the outgoing of emergent light mouth, after polarization splitting prism, be divided into the light of two polarization states, by photodiode, light signal is become to electric signal, poor through change-over circuit, after amplification and filtering, accessing signal processing module with lock-in amplifier processes, obtain the power relatively of the light of two kinds of compositions, draw thus the polarization angle anglec of rotation of pump light, and then obtain polarization angle modulation intelligence, polarization oscillatory response is in free induction decay signal, by analyzing polarization angle modulation intelligence to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal, thereby obtain the information of sample, complete measurement.
Concrete, step 3) the plane of polarization angle θ of described pump light after by the outgoing of emergent light mouth be expressed as follows:
θ∝lcr
en
Rbf
D1P
xL(υ)
Wherein, l is the length of pump light through rubidium atomic air chamber, and c is the light velocity, r
efor the classical radius of atom, n
rbfor rubidium atomic density, f
d1for the resonance integral constant of D1 line, P
xfor atomic polarization is in the projection that detects light direction, L (υ) is Lorentzian lineshape.
The present invention has following beneficial effect with respect to prior art:
1, radio frequency atom magnetometer of the present invention is simple in structure, only need NMR system, LASER Light Source, probe and pick-up unit four part compositions, and technology realization requires low, low in energy consumption, can detect the signal of quick time-varying magnetic field (as the radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field of vibration), can be used for detecting the radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field that NMR system produces, as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) etc.
2, radio frequency atom magnetometer of the present invention adopts rubidium atom pair field signal to respond to, due to the level population number of rubidium atom, the variation in magnetic field is very responsive to external world, and level population number is very large on the absorptivity impact of incident laser, and then the sharp polarisation of light rotation of impact, therefore there is highly sensitive feature.
3, the required environmental baseline of radio frequency atom magnetometer of the present invention is not harsh, only needs 100 DEG C of following, more than room temperature temperature normally to work, and can be widely used in laboratory.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is radio frequency atom magnetometer structural principle block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the NMR system structural representation in radio frequency atom magnetometer of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the test section structural representation in radio frequency atom magnetometer of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-NMR system, 2-LASER Light Source, 3-probe, 4-pick-up unit, 5-the first current source, 6-the first Helmholtz coils, 7-radio-frequency coil, 8-radio-frequency signal generator, 9-sample, 10-rubidium atomic air chamber, 11-constant temperature oven, 12-the second current source, 13-the second Helmholtz coils, 14-the 3rd Helmholtz coils, 15-the 4th Helmholtz coils, 16-the 5th Helmholtz coils, 17-polarization splitting prism, 18-photodiode, 19-change-over circuit, 20-signal processing module, B
0-dominant magnetic field, B
1-bias magnetic field.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
As shown in FIG. 1 to 3, the radio frequency atom magnetometer of the present embodiment comprises NMR system 1, LASER Light Source 2, probe 3 and pick-up unit 4, described LASER Light Source 2, probe 3 and pick-up unit 4 connect and compose the test section of atom magnetometer by laser optical path, wherein:
Described NMR system 1 comprises the first current source 5, the first Helmholtz coils 6, radio-frequency coil 7 and radio-frequency signal generator 8, and described the first current source 5 drives the first Helmholtz coils 6 to produce dominant magnetic field B
0; Described radio-frequency coil 7 is transverse to dominant magnetic field B
0place, and be connected with radio-frequency signal generator 8; Described NMR system 1 can make sample 9 produce an induced signal, and in the time that sample 9 is fluid, for improving sensitivity, sample 9 is placed in dominant magnetic field B through radio-frequency coil 7 after polarizing by a prepolarization module is pre-simultaneously
0in, to connect radio-frequency signal generator 8 and make radio-frequency coil 7 produce radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field, the magnetic moment of sample 9 is at dominant magnetic field B
0with under the effect of radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field around dominant magnetic field B
0do Larmor precession, in the time that the Larmor frequency of sample 9 and radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field is identical, nuclear magnetic resonance can occur, absorb magnetic field energy and energy level transition occurs, produce the free induction decay signal of a nuclear magnetic resonance simultaneously; In the time that sample 9 is solid, remove dominant magnetic field B
0, sample 9, directly through radio-frequency coil 7, is connected radio-frequency signal generator 8 and is made radio-frequency coil 7 produce radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field, produces the free induction decay signal of a nuclear quadrupole resonance under the effect of radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field;
Described Laser Power Devices 2 adopt external-cavity semiconductor laser to produce pump light, and laser device laser wavelength used is 794.8nm;
Described probe 3 is placed in a bias magnetic field B
1in, comprise a rubidium atomic air chamber 10, described rubidium atomic air chamber (rubidium bubble) 10 cylindrical shapes, inside vacuumizes, inwall coat paraffin coating with extend the atomic polarization time, put into rubidium (
85rb) atom vapor, and be respectively equipped with incident light mouth and emergent light mouth in both sides to keep the feasibility of light path, rubidium atomic air chamber 10 is placed with induced signal to greatest extent near sample 9, and be placed in a constant temperature oven 11, pass into thermal current with satisfied temperature condition, in the course of the work, rubidium atom vapor can be heated to approximately 80 DEG C from 40 DEG C; Described bias magnetic field B
1drive the second Helmholtz coils 13 to produce by the second current source 12; The outer magnetic shielding device that is placed with of described constant temperature oven 11, described magnetic shielding device provides magnetic shielding environment, formed by three groups of nested Helmholtz coilss, be respectively the 3rd Helmholtz coils 14, the 4th Helmholtz coils 15 and the 5th Helmholtz coils 16, every group of coil can produce the magnetic field of any direction, and the magnetic field producing, all perpendicular to other coils, makes three components in magnetic field all controlled;
External-cavity semiconductor laser adopts saturated absorption spectral technology the Frequency Locking of pump light can be existed
85resonance line place, Rb atom D1 line F=3 → F '=2, the pump light of output enters rubidium atomic air chamber 10 by incident light mouth, rubidium atom vapor is carried out to pumping, make rubidium atom vapor in the abundant aligned condition of quadrupole moment, due to the polarization angle of pump light, to modulate the free induction decay signal producing with sample 9 relevant, under the effect of free induction decay signal, the plane of polarization rotation of the pump light in rubidium atomic air chamber 10 changes, the polarization angle that is pump light is modulated, can detect pumping polarisation of light angle modulation information by pick-up unit 4, and then analyze polarization angle modulation intelligence to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal, thereby obtain the information of sample 9, therefore pump light can be used as surveying light, in the course of work, optimal laser power depends on atomic density and the relaxation rate in rubidium atomic air chamber 10, can between 80 μ W, change at 40 μ W,
Described pick-up unit 4 is placed in outside emergent light mouth, comprises polarization splitting prism 17, photodiode 18, change-over circuit 19 and signal processing module 20, and described polarization splitting prism 17 adopts wollaston prism; Pump light in rubidium atomic air chamber 10 is by the outgoing of emergent light mouth, and after outgoing, the anglec of rotation θ of its plane of polarization is expressed as follows:
θ∝lcr
en
Rbf
D1P
xL(υ)
Wherein, l is the length of pump light through rubidium atomic air chamber, and c is the light velocity, r
efor the classical radius of atom, n
rbfor rubidium atomic density, f
d1for the resonance integral constant of D1 line, P
xfor atomic polarization is in the projection that detects light direction, L (υ) is Lorentzian lineshape;
Pump light after outgoing is divided into the light of two polarization states after polarization splitting prism 17, by photodiode 18, light signal is become to electric signal, after change-over circuit 19 is done poor, amplification and filtering, accessing signal processing module 20 with lock-in amplifier processes, obtain the power relatively of the light of two kinds of compositions, draw thus the polarization angle anglec of rotation of pump light, and then obtain polarization angle modulation intelligence, analyze polarization angle modulation intelligence to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal, thereby obtain the information of sample 9.
The radio frequency atom magnetometer of the present embodiment is measured the principle of NMR signal, comprises the following steps:
1), in the time that sample 9 is fluid, sample 9 is placed in dominant magnetic field B by the pre-polarization of a prepolarization module is rear through radio-frequency coil 7 simultaneously
0in, connect radio-frequency signal generator 8 and make radio-frequency coil 7 produce radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field, when the Larmor frequency of sample 9 and radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field is identical, can there is nuclear magnetic resonance, absorb magnetic field energy and energy level transition occurs, produce the free induction decay signal of a nuclear magnetic resonance simultaneously; In the time that sample 9 is solid, remove dominant magnetic field B
0, sample 9, directly through radio-frequency coil 7, is connected radio-frequency signal generator 8 and is made radio-frequency coil 7 produce radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field, produces the free induction decay signal of a nuclear quadrupole resonance under the effect of radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field;
2) in constant temperature oven 11, pass into thermal current, control the temperature of the rubidium atom vapor in rubidium atomic air chamber 10 at 40 DEG C～80 DEG C; The pump light that LASER Light Source 2 produces, after expanding, enters rubidium atomic air chamber 10 by incident light mouth, and rubidium atom vapor is carried out to pumping, makes rubidium atom vapor in the abundant aligned condition of quadrupole moment;
3) under the effect of free induction decay signal, the plane of polarization of the pump light in rubidium atomic air chamber 10 rotates, the polarization angle that is pump light is modulated, now this pump light is by the outgoing of emergent light mouth, after polarization splitting prism 17, be divided into the light of two polarization states, by photodiode 18, light signal is become to electric signal, poor through change-over circuit 19, after amplification and filtering, accessing signal processing module 20 with lock-in amplifier processes, obtain the power relatively of the light of two kinds of compositions, draw thus the polarization angle modulation intelligence of pump light, polarization oscillatory response is in free induction decay signal, by analyzing polarization angle modulation intelligence to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal, thereby obtain the information of sample 9, complete measurement.
Embodiment 2:
The principal feature of the present embodiment is: described dominant magnetic field B
0with bias magnetic field B
1all can adopt permanent magnet to produce.All the other are with embodiment 1.
In sum, radio frequency atom magnetometer of the present invention is simple in structure, highly sensitive, technology realizes and requires low, low in energy consumptionly, can detect the signal of quick time-varying magnetic field, can be used for detecting the radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field that nuclear magnetic resonance device produces.
The above; it is only patent preferred embodiment of the present invention; but the protection domain of patent of the present invention is not limited to this; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the disclosed scope of patent of the present invention; according to the present invention, the technical scheme of patent and inventive concept thereof are equal to replacement or are changed, and all belong to the protection domain of patent of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. radio frequency atom magnetometer, is characterized in that: comprise NMR system, LASER Light Source, probe and pick-up unit, described LASER Light Source, probe and pick-up unit connect and compose the test section of atom magnetometer by laser optical path, wherein:
Described NMR system, for making fluid sample produce the free induction decay signal of a nuclear magnetic resonance, or makes solid sample produce the free induction decay signal of a nuclear quadrupole resonance;
Described LASER Light Source, for producing the pump light of linear polarization by laser instrument;
Described probe, for responding to the free induction decay signal of sample, free induction decay signal can make the plane of polarization rotation of incident pump light change;
Described pick-up unit, for detection of the polarization angle modulation of outgoing pump light, by analyzing polarization angle modulation intelligence to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal, thereby obtains the information of sample.
2. radio frequency atom magnetometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described NMR system comprises the first current source, the first Helmholtz coils/permanent magnet, radio-frequency coil and radio-frequency signal generator, described first driven with current sources the first Helmholtz coils/permanent magnet produces dominant magnetic field; Described radio-frequency coil is placed transverse to dominant magnetic field, and is connected with radio-frequency signal generator, for generation of radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field; When described sample is fluid, sample is placed in dominant magnetic field through radio-frequency coil simultaneously, and under the acting in conjunction of dominant magnetic field and radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field, produces the free induction decay signal of a nuclear magnetic resonance after polarizing by a prepolarization module is pre-; When described sample is solid, remove dominant magnetic field, sample directly, through radio-frequency coil, produces the free induction decay signal of a nuclear quadrupole resonance under the effect of radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field.
3. radio frequency atom magnetometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described probe is placed in a bias magnetic field, comprise a rubidium atomic air chamber that includes rubidium atom vapor, described rubidium atomic air chamber is placed near sample, and be placed in a constant temperature oven to carry out temperature control, described constant temperature oven is placed with magnetic shielding device outward, and described magnetic shielding device is made up of three nested metal levels; Described bias magnetic field is produced by second driven with current sources the second Helmholtz coils/permanent magnet.
4. radio frequency atom magnetometer according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the cylindrical shape of described rubidium atomic air chamber, inside vacuumizes, inwall is coated paraffin coating, and is respectively equipped with incident light mouth and emergent light mouth in both sides.
5. radio frequency atom magnetometer according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the pumping light frequency that described LASER Light Source produces is locked in resonance line place, rubidium atom D1 line F=3 → F '=2, and optical maser wavelength is 794.8nm.
6. radio frequency atom magnetometer according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described three nested metal levels are three groups of nested Helmholtz coilss.
7. radio frequency atom magnetometer according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described pick-up unit is placed in outside emergent light mouth, comprise polarization splitting prism, photodiode, change-over circuit and signal processing module, described polarization splitting prism is divided into outgoing pump light the light of two polarization states, by photodiode, light signal is become to electric signal, after change-over circuit is done poor, amplification and filtering, access signal processing module with lock-in amplifier and process.
8. radio frequency atom magnetometer according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described polarization splitting prism adopts wollaston prism.
9. radio frequency atom magnetometer is measured the method for NMR signal, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) in the time that sample is fluid, after sample polarizes by a prepolarization module is pre-, be placed in dominant magnetic field through radio-frequency coil simultaneously, connecting radio-frequency signal generator makes radio-frequency coil produce radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field, when the Larmor frequency of sample and radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field is identical, can there is nuclear magnetic resonance, absorb magnetic field energy and energy level transition occurs, producing the free induction decay signal of a nuclear magnetic resonance simultaneously; In the time that sample is solid, remove dominant magnetic field, sample, directly through radio-frequency coil, is connected radio-frequency signal generator and is made radio-frequency coil produce radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field, produces the free induction decay signal of a nuclear quadrupole resonance under the effect of radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field;
2) in constant temperature oven, pass into thermal current, control the temperature of the rubidium atom vapor in rubidium atomic air chamber at 40 DEG C～80 DEG C; The pump light that LASER Light Source produces, after expanding, enters rubidium atomic air chamber by incident light mouth, and rubidium atom vapor is carried out to pumping, makes rubidium atom vapor in the abundant aligned condition of quadrupole moment;
3) under the effect of free induction decay signal, the plane of polarization rotation of the pump light in rubidium atomic air chamber changes, the polarization angle of pump light is modulated, now this pump light is by the outgoing of emergent light mouth, after polarization splitting prism, be divided into the light of two polarization states, by photodiode, light signal is become to electric signal, poor through change-over circuit, after amplification and filtering, accessing signal processing module with lock-in amplifier processes, obtain the power relatively of the light of two kinds of compositions, draw thus the polarization angle anglec of rotation of pump light, and then obtain polarization angle modulation intelligence, polarization oscillatory response is in free induction decay signal, by analyzing polarization angle modulation intelligence to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal, thereby obtain the information of sample, complete measurement.
10. radio frequency atom magnetometer according to claim 9 is measured the method for NMR signal, it is characterized in that: step 3) the plane of polarization angle θ of described pump light after by the outgoing of emergent light mouth be expressed as follows:
θ∝lcr
en
Rbf
D1P
xL(υ)
Wherein, l is the length of pump light through rubidium atomic air chamber, and c is the light velocity, r
efor the classical radius of atom, n
rbfor rubidium atomic density, f
d1for the resonance integral constant of D1 line, P
xfor atomic polarization is in the projection that detects light direction, L (υ) is Lorentzian lineshape.
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