CN104646665B - Ceramic blade - Google Patents
Ceramic blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN104646665B CN104646665B CN201510052312.1A CN201510052312A CN104646665B CN 104646665 B CN104646665 B CN 104646665B CN 201510052312 A CN201510052312 A CN 201510052312A CN 104646665 B CN104646665 B CN 104646665B
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Abstract
Ceramic blade, send for laser fast shaping process powder paving. All there is fillet the both sides of the edge of a knife, and screw is arranged at scraper top, are conveniently fixed on the knife rest of power spreading device. Conventional steel scraper self easily attracts Magnaglo because friction produces static with very high ferromagnetism in powder paving is sent process, powder after magnetization easily produces reunion, thereby cause shape layer surface irregularity, reduce the machining accuracy of part, even cause the interruption of modeling process. Because ceramic blade does not have ferromagnetism, thereby can well solve the problem that above-mentioned traditional scraper exists, improve the uniformity of powder bed, improve formed precision. Because the hardness of ceramic blade is higher, there is high anti-wear performance simultaneously, and add fillet at the blade place of scraper, can further reduce scraper friction, thereby the service life that uses ceramic material scraper can effectively improve scraper. Ceramic blade also has makes the advantages such as simple, processing cost is low, easy to use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ceramic blade of applying in Rapid Prototyping Process, be mainly used in rapid shapingPaving powder process in process, for solving conventional steel scraper paving while sending Magnaglo, Magnaglo absorptionThe problem that causes formed precision to reduce on scraper, thus the precision of raising drip molding improves scraper simultaneouslyIn service life, belong to rapid shaping field.
Background technology
There is huge variation in current market environment, shows as consumer demand increasingly on the one handPersonalized and diversified; The keen competition that goods producers are conceived to world market on the other hand.In the face of so rapid variation and unforeseen buyer's market, manufacturers not only will design soonGo out to meet the product of people's consumption demand, and must manufacture out soon, just can seize market.Traditional production in enormous quantities pattern is slow to the response in market, cannot fast responding market demand. For this reason,Industrialized country is researching and developing novel manufacturing technology always hardy in recent ten years, improves development of manufacturingLevel, to occupy a tiny space in fierce global competition. Have benefited from computer, microelectronics, letterDevelopment and the progress of breath, automation, new material and Modern Enterprise Administration technology, product design, processing systemMake, all having there is major transformation in quality testing, production management and enterprise operation, has produced a collection of new systemTechnology for making and manufacturing mode, manufacturing engineering and science have obtained unprecedented development.
Rapid shaping technique progressively forms and is developed under this background. Rapid shaping techniqueDevelopment, the cycle of product design, manufacture shortened greatly, improved one of product design, manufactureInferior success rate, reduces product development cost, thus the variation that has brought essence to manufacturing industry. Fast rapid-resultType technology (RP) is a kind of integrated CAD and manufacturing technology, reverse Engineering Technology, layeringManufacturing technology (SFF), material Material removal (MPR), material increase (MAP) technology of shaping and produce novelProduct manufacturing technology. Generally, rapid shaping technique is exactly to utilize the data of three-dimensional CAD, by soonSpeed forming machine, becomes entity prototype by material stacking from level to level. In the situation that market competition is day by day fierce,The flexibility of products innovation and listing speed and manufacturing technology must become the core competitiveness of enterprise. FastForming technique, together with virtual reality technology, is all important means and the powerful of Digital Product Development,Also become the indivisible part of advanced manufacturing technology group, obtained more and more in manufacturing industry simultaneouslyApplication widely. Compared with traditional manufacture process, adopt laser fast shaping and laser rapid die-manufacturing skillPostoperative, can, by the mould preparation concurrent job of trial production and batch production, obviously shorten new producingProduct design and trial-produce period, and save product developing expense.
Wherein in rapid laser-shaping technique (Fig. 1), application is precinct laser fusion (Fig. 2) more widely,Precinct laser fusion (SLM-SelectiveLaserMelting) is a kind of metalwork straight forming sideMethod is the latest development of rapid shaping technique. The basic thought of this technology based on rapid shaping, use byLayer addition manner has the part of geometry in particular according to cad data straight forming, gold in forming processBelong to powder and melt completely, produce metallurgical binding. This technological break-through traditional diamond-making technique remove the general of mouldingRead, adopt the method forming part that adds material, farthest reduced the waste of material; MouldingJourney is subject to the restriction of part complexity hardly, thereby has very large flexibility, is particularly suitable for single-piece littleThe manufacture of bulk article.
Although metal parts that can the many complicated shapes of moulding in rapid shaping technique principle, itsIn actual process, still there is the problems such as density is inadequate, dimensional accuracy is low, surface quality is poor. ScraperBe an important component part of laser fast shaping equipment, the quality of profiled member is had to material impact, onThe major reason that the problem of stating produces is exactly that traditional scraper self exists defect.
The firstth, in the time using Magnaglo processing work, because traditional scraper uses stainless steel or high speedSteel is made, and himself easily attracts Magnaglo with very high ferromagnetism. Hand over because steel blade tool is innerCarry over, the exchange energy of ferromagnetic material be on the occasion of, and larger, make the magnetic moment of adjacent atom parallel-oriented,In inner many zonules---the magnetic domain that forms of material. Nearly 1015 atoms of each magnetic domain. These are formerThe magnetic moment of son is arranged in the same direction, supposes that crystals exists the internal field of very strong being called " molecular field "," molecular field " is enough to make each magnetic domain spontaneous magnetization to reach saturation state. This spontaneous intensity of magnetization is oneselfSend out the intensity of magnetization. Due to its existence, ferromagnetic mass-energy is magnetized under low-intensity magnetic field strong row. So when passingWhen system steel blade runs into the low-intensity magnetic field of Magnaglo, can produce very large magnetic. Add powder selfGravity is lower, and the magnetic force that is easy to be produced by ferromagnetism affects. Scraper entrusting powder motion andThe coming off of powder being adsorbed on scraper all can be caused the out-of-flatness of paving powder, in follow-up laser melting processIn make melting zone in uneven thickness, thereby cause shape layer surface irregularity, reduce processing precision.
The secondth, be in laser rapid processing process simultaneously scraper pave and in process, encounter hard material in motionEasy to wear when material, these wearing and tearing are mainly the wearing and tearing (Fig. 3) that plastic flow mechanism dominates. The mill of scraperDamage mainly contains following two kinds of modes:
(1) adhesive wear: in the time of surface of friction pair relative sliding, owing to sticking together sticking together that effect formsNode generation shear fracture, the material being sheared or come off into abrasive dust, or by a surface migration to anotherIndividual surface, wearing and tearing are called adhesive wear thus. The adhesion that moves to crust makes again to occur on pressure release surfaceCut (also claiming ditch dug with a plow), so the feature of adhesive wear appears at material migration, and grinds slip sideTo the different cut of formation degree.
(2) abrasive wear: have the abrasive particle of high rigidity with wedge angle and crest line between friction surface, relativelyIn motion, can directly cut away micro-bulge and produce abrasive dust, also can first plough into surface, then form abrasive dust.
Join secondary difference of hardness when larger when friction, metal is transferred to crust from pressure release surface, and adhesive wear occurs.When friction pair hardness is thought at that time, sheet or graininess bits finally can depart from two surfaces, occur abrasive wear.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problem of narrating in background technology, the present invention chooses wear-resistant ceramic and makes ceramic blade(Fig. 4). The ferromagnetism that the object of the invention is to eliminate steel blade self spreads the shadow sending to MagnagloRing, improve machining accuracy. Meanwhile, reduce the wearing and tearing of scraper, increase the service life of scraper.
The present invention has designed to achieve these goals a kind of pottery of applicable laser fast shaping process and has scrapedCutter, ceramic blade is made up of wear-resistant ceramic, and all there is fillet the both sides of the edge of a knife, and screw is arranged at scraper top, sideJust be fixed on the doctor blade holder (Fig. 9) of power spreading device.
A kind of ceramic blade, is made by wear-resistant ceramic, it is characterized in that: scraper is all by wear-resistant ceramicBe made, screw is arranged at scraper top, and there is fillet at blade place, and the radius of corner at ceramic blade blade place is gotR1，R1Value is at 20～60um, and concrete numerical value is by formulacosθ1＝R1+ h calculatesArrive, wherein R*For average powder radius, h is thick for spreading bisque, in order to make more powder enter scraperIn workpiece surface gap, value θ when calculating1＝45°。
The ceramic material of making ceramic blade can be Al2O3、SiC、Si3N4、ZrO2Deng.
Ceramic blade profile is cuboid, and its length size can be wanted according to the use of distinct deviceAsk formulation.
Screwhole position on ceramic blade on the corresponding doctor blade holder 16 in the position of screw 15, uses pottery to scrapeWhen cutter, only need scraper be fixed on doctor blade holder with screw. Adopting other mode that pottery is installed scrapesCutter all belongs to this type of ceramic blade.
The light source of application ceramic blade process can be: the high energy such as electron beam, ion beam, laserLine can be also the traditional heat sources such as electric arc, flame.
Described ceramic blade can directly be manufactured or repair for metal, pottery or nonmetallic partMultiple.
Wear-resistant ceramic is with Al2O3For primary raw material, taking rare metal oxide as flux, through 1700 DEG CHigh-temperature roasting forms. Wear-resistant ceramic has following performance characteristics:
1, hardness is large. Its Rockwell hardness is HRA80-90, and hardness is only second to diamond, considerably beyond resistance toMill steel and stainless anti-wear performance.
2, anti-wear performance is fabulous. Its wearability is equivalent to 266 times of manganese steel, 171.5 times of rich chromium cast iron.Under equal operating mode, at least extension device service life is more than ten times.
3, lightweight. Its density is 3.6-3.9g/cm3, be only the half of iron and steel, can greatly alleviate equipment negativeLotus. 4, bonding firmly, heat resistance is good. Wear resistant ceramic chip adopts high-strength ceramic structure glue to paste, canGuarantee that at high temperature operation for a long time of pottery does not come off, and can move for a long time not aging at 350 DEG C.
In order further to reduce the frictional force between scraper and workpiece, all add half in the front and back of scraper edgeFootpath is R1Excessively (Fig. 5) of fillet. Taking paving send particle diameter at the powder of 10～45 μ m as example, get fillet halfFootpath is 30 μ m. Distance between scraper and workpiece is elected 20 μ m conventionally as, if not at the blade place of scraperAdd fillet (Fig. 6), in the motion process of scraper, the powder that particle diameter is greater than 20 μ m cannot enter intoIn gap between scraper and workpiece, the powder of large particle diameter is piled up and also can be stopped that fine powder enters at blade placeEnter in gap, make to have a large amount of spaces in spread powder bed, reduce powder and spread the density of sending, therebyAffect follow-up machining accuracy. After scraper edge place interpolation radius is the fillet of 30 μ m, be beneficial to particle diameter littlePowder in gap size enters into gap. Be greater than the powder of 20 μ m for particle diameter, its particle diameter is greater than to be scrapedGap between cutter and workpiece, in the motion process of scraper, after powder and scraper meet, powder will be subject toTo the effect (Fig. 7) of the power from scraper, around powder and workpiece. The suffered power of powder particle canBe decomposed on level and vertical direction, powder motion is played an important role for powder suffered from powder aroundThe resistance f of end and surface of the work and scraper give the thrust F of powder3. Due to F3＝F2sinθ1So,Blade place at scraper adds fillet, can reduce F3. Meanwhile, f=N*u, is ignoring powder particle self heavilyIn the situation of power, N=F2cosθ1+F1, work as fmax＞F3Time, powder can enter under the effect of frictional forceEnter in the gap of scraper and workpiece, suppose θ now1Value is θ*。
Wherein, R1For radius of corner; R is powder particle radius; H is clearance height. By θ*Bring intoFormula, can obtain entering the powder diameter in gap,When powder diameter littleIn d*Time, powder can enter in the middle of gap, in the time that powder enters in gap, at power F4Effect underCan there is certain distortion in powder, make powder particle meet the dimensional requirement that enters gap. For particle diameterBe greater than d*Powder, will move together along with scraper, finally enter in Powder Recovery groove, and cannot enterEnter in gap. The radius of fillet is difficult for excessive because radius of corner is when excessive, the powder of large particle diameter withAfter scraper meets, can be subject to equally from the active force of powder and scraper (Fig. 8) around,
F7＝F6sinθ2
f1＝N1*u
N1＝F5+F6cosθ2
Due to θ2＜θ1, therefore f1maxReduce F7Increase, make F7＞f1max, the larger powder of sizeGrain can be gathered in the front of scraper edge, makes scraper be subject to larger resistance, not only can increase scraper millDamage, also can make the workpiece of processing deform, when serious, can make process interrupt. AddThe fillet of suitable dimension, can ensure that most of powder particles enter into scraper and workpiece smoothly on the one handBetween, uniformity and the compactness of guarantee paving powder; The surface that fillet is smooth on the other hand can reduce scraperAnd the frictional force between powder and scraper and workpiece, thereby reduce the wearing and tearing of scraper.
Provide a kind of ceramic blade to make basic procedure below:
1. by stirring, filtering, the steps such as spraying, dry, dehydration, raw material Al2O3Make powder;
2. powder is filled and completely made the mould that scraper uses, use press to exert pressure to mould, make powderEnd is fixed-type;
3. the blank after moulding is put into kiln and carry out sintering, temperature is controlled at 1500 to 2000 DEG C;
Sintering complete after taking-up cutter blank, cutter blank is polished, by smooth cutter blank surface finish. Use millCut processing, on cutter blank, process screw and fillet.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: ceramic blade does not have ferromagnetism, can not adsorb Magnaglo.In the time using Magnaglo to make workpiece, can make powder spread send more evenly smooth, thereby improve workThe machining accuracy of part. Because ceramic hardness is higher, anti-wear performance is good, can significantly improve scraper simultaneouslyService life. And the preparation method of ceramic blade is simple, durable, be applicable to a large amount of production, toolThere is very large economic benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 laser fast shaping equipment schematic diagram; (comprising window 1,, 2, carbon dioxide swashsLight device, 3, laser window, 4, scanner, 5, control system, 6, powder bed, 7, scraper, 8,Powder feeding case, 9, Chu Fenxiang).
Fig. 2 precinct laser fusion process schematic diagram; (comprising laser beam 10,, 11, molten bath,12, solidification layer, 13, powder bed, 14, scanning direction).
Fig. 3 tradition blade wears schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 ceramic blade schematic diagram; (comprising: 15, screw).
Fig. 5 ceramic blade fillet schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 does not add the scraper work schematic diagram of fillet;
Powder particle force analysis figure when Fig. 7 radius of corner is 30 μ m;
Powder particle force analysis figure when Fig. 8 radius of corner is excessive;
Fig. 9 ceramic blade scheme of installation; (comprising: 16, doctor blade holder).
Figure 10 tradition scraper paving is sent Magnaglo schematic diagram; (comprising: the Magnaglo of 17, reuniting,18, be adsorbed on the Magnaglo on scraper).
Figure 11 micro-channel heat sink for semi-conductor laser; (comprising: 19, water inlet main stem, 20, water inletMouthful, 21, intake tunnel, 22, water inlet microchannel, 23, return water hole, 24, water outlet main stem).
Detailed description of the invention
The present embodiment is that ceramic blade is in the manufacture process of micro-channel heat sink for semi-conductor laser (Figure 11)Application.
In the present embodiment, micro-channel heat sink for semi-conductor laser inner passage is an open cycle passage,Wall thickness between adjacency channel only has 0.2mm. The material that processing semiconductor micro-channel heat sink for laser uses isNi alloy powder, because Ni alloy powder band is magnetic, is using conventional steel scraper to add man-hour,Powder is difficult to pave (Figure 10). Be mainly because traditional steel blade is with ferromagnetism, can make nickel closeThe magnetization of bronze end, the Ni alloy powder after magnetization can be gathered into bulk 17 in the place of having scraped on the one hand;On the other hand, because Ni alloy powder is lighter, be easily adsorbed on blade surface, in scraper motion process,These powder that are adsorbed on blade surface can fall down, and the powder bed having struck off is become not flatWhole. In follow-up laser fusion process, the place that powder bed is thicker may produce powder and cannot melt completelyPhenomenon, make to connect between melting zone insecure, can produce in the part of workpiece projection simultaneously. TheseProjection not only can hinder the motion of scraper, also can reduce the machining accuracy of workpiece, and certain that makes workpiece slightlyFine texture cannot well be processed. In the actual process of micro-channel heat sink for semi-conductor laserIn, due to above-mentioned, the microchannel of micro-channel heat sink for semi-conductor laser inside produces resistance sometimesFill in and workpiece is scrapped. Use ceramic blade to replace traditional steel blade, just can well solveState problem.
Because ceramic blade does not have ferromagnetism, thereby Ni alloy powder can not be made to magnetize, paving can be improvedSend the uniformity of Magnaglo, thereby improve the machining accuracy of workpiece. Using after ceramic blade processingThe micro-channel heat sink for semi-conductor laser obtaining is not in the phenomenon that produces microchannel obstruction, and formed precisionBe improved.
The present invention, in conjunction with the feature of ceramic material and the feature of laser fast shaping technique, designs a kind of potteryPorcelain scraper, can ensure to use the forming quality of magnetic metallic powder processing work, can increase again scraperService life. In addition ceramic blade has the advantages such as making is simple, processing cost is low, practical, suitableClose a large amount of production, there is very large economic benefit.
Claims (6)
1. a ceramic blade, is characterized in that: scraper is all made by wear-resistant ceramic, blade placeHave fillet, the radius of corner at ceramic blade blade place is got R1，R1Value, at 20～60 μ m, is specifically countedValue is by formulacosθ1＝R1+ h calculates, wherein R*For average powderGrain radius, h is thick for spreading bisque, value θ when calculating1＝45°。
2. ceramic blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that: ceramic material is Al2O3、SiC、Si3N4Or ZrO2。
3. ceramic blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that: ceramic blade profile is rectangularThe bodily form.
4. ceramic blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that: screw is arranged at scraper top, potteryScrewhole position on porcelain scraper on the corresponding doctor blade holder in the position of screw, only needs while using ceramic blade to useScrew is fixed to scraper on doctor blade holder.
5. ceramic blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that: application ceramic blade addsThe light source of work is: electron beam, ion beam, laser, electric arc or flame.
6. ceramic blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that: for metal, pottery orNonmetallic part is directly manufactured or is repaired.
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| CN201510052312.1A CN104646665B (en) | 2015-02-01 | 2015-02-01 | Ceramic blade |
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| CN104646665B true CN104646665B (en) | 2016-05-18 |
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| CN105345003A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-02-24 | 阳江市五金刀剪产业技术研究院 | Material increase manufacturing device for knife scissors |
| CN112038558B (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-11-18 | 惠州锂威新能源科技有限公司 | Pole piece coating scraping system and pole piece coating scraping method |
Citations (8)
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| US4938816A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1990-07-03 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Selective laser sintering with assisted powder handling |
| WO1995034468A1 (en) * | 1994-06-14 | 1995-12-21 | Soligen, Inc. | Powder handling apparatus for additive fabrication equipment |
| CN201041614Y (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2008-03-26 | 深圳市乐普泰科技有限公司 | Powder making knife |
| CN201056415Y (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-05-07 | 苏州大学 | Laser melting and covering magnetic powder feeder |
| CN201572918U (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-09-08 | 华南理工大学 | Elastic powder laying device |
| CN203635914U (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-06-11 | 华南理工大学 | Two-way powder spreading device of SLM equipment |
| CN203863019U (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-10-08 | 华南理工大学 | Stainless steel sheet alternating type powder laying device |
| CN203863021U (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-10-08 | 华南理工大学 | Easy clamping type flexible powder spreading device of laser district melting forming system |
-
2015
- 2015-02-01 CN CN201510052312.1A patent/CN104646665B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4938816A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1990-07-03 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Selective laser sintering with assisted powder handling |
| WO1995034468A1 (en) * | 1994-06-14 | 1995-12-21 | Soligen, Inc. | Powder handling apparatus for additive fabrication equipment |
| CN201041614Y (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2008-03-26 | 深圳市乐普泰科技有限公司 | Powder making knife |
| CN201056415Y (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-05-07 | 苏州大学 | Laser melting and covering magnetic powder feeder |
| CN201572918U (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-09-08 | 华南理工大学 | Elastic powder laying device |
| CN203635914U (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-06-11 | 华南理工大学 | Two-way powder spreading device of SLM equipment |
| CN203863019U (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-10-08 | 华南理工大学 | Stainless steel sheet alternating type powder laying device |
| CN203863021U (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-10-08 | 华南理工大学 | Easy clamping type flexible powder spreading device of laser district melting forming system |
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