CN104914440A - Dynamic aperture integrating compressive sensing ultrasonic beam forming method - Google Patents

Dynamic aperture integrating compressive sensing ultrasonic beam forming method Download PDF

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CN104914440A
CN104914440A CN201510348762.5A CN201510348762A CN104914440A CN 104914440 A CN104914440 A CN 104914440A CN 201510348762 A CN201510348762 A CN 201510348762A CN 104914440 A CN104914440 A CN 104914440A
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matrix
signal
ultrasonic
ultrasound echo
echo signal
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CN104914440B (en
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王平
李娜
王思奇
程娜
龚志辉
潘震
杜炜
李刚健
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Chongqing University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/89Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S15/8906Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
    • G01S15/8997Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using synthetic aperture techniques

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic aperture integrating compressive sensing ultrasonic beam forming method. The method comprises the steps of firstly adopting a delta matrix to act as a measurement matrix of a compressive sensing theory in an ultrasonic beam forming system, then selecting a cosine transformation matrix to act as a sparse matrix of the compressive sensing theory, and carrying out organic integration on a dynamic aperture technology and the measurement matrix of the compressive sensing technology, thereby realizing the dynamic aperture integrating compressive sensing ultrasonic beam forming method. The method disclosed by the invention can reduce a burden brought about by a high sampling rate for data sampling, transmission and storage of an ultrasonic imaging system, and enables acquisition of ultrasonic images with high longitudinal resolution to become possible. In addition, introduction of the dynamic aperture technology also further increases the sparseness of ultrasonic echo signals, the sampling data volume is reduced, and the transverse resolution of near-field ultrasonic images is improved.

Description

A kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method merging dynamic aperture
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultrasonic imaging technique field, be specifically related to a kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method merging dynamic aperture.
Background technology
In ultrasonic image-forming system, in order to the longitudinal frame improving ultrasonoscopy is generally realized by the sampling rate improving system.But high sampling rate brings great burden can to the data acquisition of ultrasonic hardware system, storage and transmission.Compressive sensing theory (Compressive sensing, CS) is pointed out, when signal itself or when possessing openness on certain transform domain, and can by solving the full detail of optimization problem reconstruction signal from a small amount of sampled data.In ultrasonic image-forming system, when aperture is larger, the main lobe of Beam synthesis will be narrower, and secondary lobe also will be lower.But near field region, aperture is larger, the spread angle of wave beam is also larger, and imaging resolution is poorer.Rationally effective dynamic aperture control technology, can reduce the redundant data of near field receiving cable, strengthens the openness of ultrasound echo signal.
Summary of the invention
Given this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method merging dynamic aperture.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions, a kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method merging dynamic aperture, comprises the steps:
1) according to formula calculate focus point at degree of depth F kthe array number N of lower unlatching k, under respective depth, open the N near center array element kindividual array element, wherein b krepresent F kthe beam angle that place is corresponding, represent the response complex amplitude of ultrasonic probe i array element, ultrasound wave phase differential during expression i array element Beam synthesis between calculation level and focus, k=1,2,3 ..., m represents the ordinal number of focus point;
2) using delta matrix as compressed sensing calculation matrix, and by its inside ' 0 ', ' 1 ' realize ultrasound echo signal nonuniform sampling control, obtain low-dimensional ultrasonic compressed sensing measuring-signal y;
3) choose the sparse matrix of N × N dimension, N represents the sampling length of ultrasound echo signal;
4) according to the ultrasound echo signal of ultrasonic image-forming system actual measurement, the mathematical model y=Θ S+e of ultrasound echo signal during actual non-homogeneous measurement is determined, Θ=Φ Ψ, wherein, y ∈ C m × 1the ultrasound echo signal of actual nonuniform sampling, Θ ∈ C m × N(M<<N) be perception matrix, Φ ∈ C m × Ncalculation matrix, Ψ ∈ C n × Nsparse matrix, S ∈ C n × 1for the sparse signal of ultrasound echo signal, e ∈ C n × 1for noise item;
5) by solving optimization problem obtain the rarefaction representation of ultrasound echo signal, wherein μ is the cross-correlation coefficient of calculation matrix Φ, l 1represent 1 norm, then obtained the reconstruction signal of higher-dimension ultrasonic signal by sparse matrix Ψ x ^ = &Psi; S ^ ;
6) to the ultrasound echo signal of reconstruct carry out Beam synthesis, obtain ultrasonic beam composite signal.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, the present invention has following advantage:
The present invention discloses a kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method merging dynamic aperture; First the method adopts delta matrix as the calculation matrix of compressive sensing theory in ultrasonic image-forming system, then select cosine transform matrix (DCT) as the sparse matrix of compressive sensing theory, realize the application of compressive sensing theory in ultrasonic image-forming system, on this basis, the calculation matrix of dynamic aperture technology with compressive sensing theory merges by this method mutually, achieves the compressed sensing ultrasonic beam composition algorithm merging dynamic aperture.The present invention can reduce the heavy burden that high sampling rate brings to ultrasonic image-forming system data sampling, transmission, storage, and under making acquisition high sampling rate, the ultrasonoscopy of high longitudinal resolution becomes possibility; In addition, incorporating of dynamic aperture also further increases the openness of ultrasound echo signal, decreases sampled data output, improves the lateral resolution of near-field region ultrasonoscopy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method process flow diagram merging dynamic aperture of the present invention;
Fig. 2 gives the dynamic aperture technology principle schematic that pore size changes with investigation depth;
Fig. 3 gives the compressed sensing sampling schematic diagram based on delta matrix;
Fig. 4 (a), (b) sets forth compressed sensing stochastic sampling full aperture and dynamic aperture array element control method schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment only in order to the present invention is described, instead of in order to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a kind of compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method merging dynamic aperture, improve for the ultrasonic beam composition algorithm under traditional high sampling rate, comprise the steps:
(1) according to formula calculate focus point at degree of depth F kthe array number N of lower unlatching k; By investigation depth F kconvert the sampled point ordinal number S that ultrasound echo signal is corresponding to k; By the sampling number of Real-Time Monitoring ultrasound echo signal, when sampling number n equals S ktime, increase the unlatching number near center array element, wherein b krepresent F kthe beam angle that place is corresponding, represent the response complex amplitude of ultrasonic probe i array element, ultrasound wave phase differential during expression i array element Beam synthesis between calculation level and focus, k=1,2,3 ..., m represents the ordinal number of focus point;
(2) according to given compressibility p, choose M × N and tie up the calculation matrix of delta matrix as compressed sensing ultrasonic image-forming system, wherein M=pN; Then open all dynamic aperture array elements in delta matrix under element " 1 " corresponding sampled signal, close all array elements under the sampled signal that in delta matrix, element " 0 " is corresponding.
(3) calculate based on the higher-dimension ultrasound echo signal x under the traditional sampling mode of Nyquist sampling thheorem, sampling length N, design N × N ties up transformation matrix Ψ as sparse matrix, and concrete transform method is undertaken by following formula:
&psi; = 2 N 1 2 1 2 ... 1 2 cos 1 2 N &pi; cos 3 2 N &pi; ... cos 2 N - 1 2 N &pi; ... ... ... ... cos N - 1 2 N &pi; cos 3 ( N - 1 ) 2 N &pi; cos ( 2 N - 1 ) ( N - 1 ) 2 N &pi;
Ψ is an orthogonal matrix, Ψ tbe the transposed matrix of Ψ, and have Ψ tΨ=E, E are unit matrix.
(4) the mathematical model y of ideally compressed sensing measuring-signal y is set up 1=φ x=φ Ψ S=Θ S; And at compressed sensing measuring-signal y 1middle interpolation noise item e, sets up the mathematical model y=Θ S+e of measuring-signal y when reality is non-homogeneous to be measured; Wherein y ∈ C m × 1the ultrasound echo signal of actual nonuniform sampling, Θ ∈ C m × N(M<<N) be perception matrix, Φ ∈ C m × Ncalculation matrix, Ψ ∈ C n × Nsparse matrix, S ∈ C n × 1for the sparse signal of ultrasound echo signal, e ∈ C n × 1for noise item;
(5) by solving optimization problem obtain the rarefaction representation of ultrasound echo signal wherein μ is the cross-correlation coefficient of calculation matrix Φ, l 1represent 1 norm, then obtained the reconstruction signal of higher-dimension ultrasonic signal by sparse matrix Ψ x ^ = &Psi; S ^ ;
Wherein μ is the cross-correlation coefficient of calculation matrix Φ, is calculated as follows:
Wherein, for the column vector of calculation matrix Φ, in above formula represent delivery after inner product, i, j represent the integer of 1 ~ N.
Then the accurate of raw ultrasound echoed signal or approximate reconstruction signal is obtained by sparse matrix Ψ wherein
(6) to the ultrasound echo signal of reconstruct carry out time delay superposition Beam synthesis by following formula, obtain the ultrasonic beam composite signal after time delay superposition;
S D A S ( n ) = &Sigma; i = 0 N 1 - 1 x ^ i &lsqb; n - ( r c + &tau; n ) &CenterDot; f s &rsqb;
Wherein S dASn () represents array element ordinal number for ultrasonic beam composite signal, i, n represents sampling number, N 1represent the ultrasound element sum focused on, r represents the distance between focus point and sensor array true origin, and c represents ultrasonic velocity, τ irepresent the focusing time delay that in the middle of relative sensors array, array element applies No. i-th array element, f srepresent the sampling rate of AD converter.
Fig. 1 is the compressed sensing ultrasonic beam composition algorithm process flow diagram merging dynamic aperture, to ultrasound echo signal compressed sensing sample phase application dynamic aperture technology, calculation matrix in dynamic aperture technology and compressive sensing theory is organically blended, then by duty Optimization, compressed sensing reconstruct is carried out to the signal that non-homogeneous measurement obtains, then the higher-dimension ultrasonic echo after reconstruct is carried out the processing procedures such as Beam synthesis, quadrature demodulation and log-compressed and imaging, form a complete ultrasonoscopy.
Fig. 2 is dynamic aperture know-why schematic diagram, and the effective aperture number of dynamic aperture technical opening increases with investigation depth and increases gradually, until all open.In whole search coverage, dynamic aperture technology can make the beam angle of sound field remain unchanged.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of three kinds of compressed sensing stochastic samplings, and the sampled point of this stochastic sampling mode on direction of scanning and investigation depth all has randomness.When this sample mode delta matrix realizes, the delta matrix that every bar sweep trace is corresponding is not identical, but dimension is identical.The application of compressive sensing theory, decreases the focusing delay parameter of ultrasonic image-forming system, reduces the requirement of high sampling rate to ultrasonic image-forming system hardware
Fig. 4 gives compressed sensing stochastic sampling full aperture and dynamic aperture array element control method schematic diagram, and when sampled point signal represents this signal sampling for time " 1 ", sonac array element is opened; When sampled point signal is " 0 ", represent that this sampled point signal is rejected, sonac array element pathway closure.Fig. 4 (b) incorporates dynamic aperture technology, sampled signal " 0 " place Close All, the unlatching array number N that under sampled signal " 1 " place unlatching respective depth, array element place, center is corresponding k.The application of dynamic aperture technology, further mitigates data and stores and be transferred to the burden that ultrasonic image-forming system brings, increase the openness of sampled signal, contribute to the precision improving compressed sensing reconstruction signal.In addition, the application of dynamic aperture technology reduces the secondary lobe grade of ultrasonoscopy, improves ultrasonograph quality.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various change and modification to the present invention and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.

Claims (7)

1. merge a compressed sensing ultrasonic beam synthetic method for dynamic aperture, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) according to formula calculate focus point at degree of depth F kthe array number N of lower unlatching k, under respective depth, open the N near center array element kindividual array element, wherein b krepresent F kthe beam angle that place is corresponding, represent the response complex amplitude of ultrasonic probe i array element, ultrasound wave phase differential during expression i array element Beam synthesis between calculation level and focus, k=1,2,3 ..., m represents the ordinal number of focus point;
2) using delta matrix as compressed sensing calculation matrix, and by its inside ' 0 ', ' 1 ' realize ultrasound echo signal nonuniform sampling control, obtain low-dimensional ultrasonic compressed sensing measuring-signal y 1;
3) choose the sparse matrix of N × N dimension, N represents the sampling length of ultrasound echo signal;
4) according to the ultrasound echo signal of ultrasonic image-forming system actual measurement, the mathematical model y=Θ S+e of ultrasound echo signal during actual non-homogeneous measurement is determined, Θ=Φ Ψ, wherein, y ∈ C m × 1the ultrasound echo signal of actual nonuniform sampling, Θ ∈ C m × N(M<<N) be perception matrix, Φ ∈ C m × Ncalculation matrix, Ψ ∈ C n × Nsparse matrix, S ∈ C n × 1for the sparse signal of ultrasound echo signal, e ∈ C n × 1for noise item;
5) by solving optimization problem obtain the rarefaction representation of ultrasound echo signal, wherein μ is the cross-correlation coefficient of calculation matrix Φ, l 1represent 1 norm, then obtained the reconstruction signal of higher-dimension ultrasonic signal by sparse matrix Ψ x ^ = &Psi; S ^ ;
6) to the ultrasound echo signal of reconstruct carry out Beam synthesis, obtain ultrasonic beam composite signal.
2. the compressed sensing ultrasonic beam composition algorithm of fusion dynamic aperture according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1) specifically comprise following sub-step:
11) according to formula calculate focus point at degree of depth F kthe array number N of lower unlatching k;
12) according to formula by investigation depth F kconvert the sampled point ordinal number S that ultrasound echo signal is corresponding to k, wherein f sfor the sampling rate of AD converter, c is hyperacoustic velocity of propagation 1540 meter per second.
13) by the sampling number of Real-Time Monitoring ultrasound echo signal, when sampling number n equals S ktime, the unlatching number near center array element is increased to N k.
3. the compressed sensing ultrasonic beam composition algorithm of fusion dynamic aperture according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) in specifically comprise following sub-step:
21) according to given compressibility p, choose M × N and tie up the calculation matrix of delta matrix as compressed sensing ultrasonic image-forming system, wherein M=pN;
22) open all dynamic aperture array elements in delta matrix under element " 1 " corresponding sampled signal, close all array elements under the sampled signal that in delta matrix, element " 0 " is corresponding.
4. the compressed sensing ultrasonic beam composition algorithm of fusion dynamic aperture according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 3) specifically comprise following sub-step:
31) calculate the higher-dimension ultrasound echo signal x based on Nyquist sampling thheorem, tie up transformation matrix Ψ as sparse matrix using N × N, concrete transform method is undertaken by following formula:
&psi; = 2 N 1 2 1 2 ... 1 2 cos 1 2 N &pi; cos 3 2 N &pi; ... cos 2 N - 1 2 N &pi; ... ... ... ... cos N - 1 2 N &pi; cos 3 ( N - 1 ) 2 N &pi; cos ( 2 N - 1 ) ( N - 1 ) 2 N &pi;
Ψ is an orthogonal matrix, Ψ tbe the transposed matrix of Ψ, and have Ψ tΨ=E, E are unit matrix.
5. the compressed sensing ultrasonic beam composition algorithm of fusion dynamic aperture according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 4) specifically comprise following sub-step:
41) ideally low-dimensional ultrasonic compressed sensing measuring-signal y is set up 1mathematical model y 1=Φ x=Φ Ψ S=Θ S;
42) at low-dimensional ultrasonic compressed sensing measuring-signal y 1middle interpolation noise item e, sets up the mathematical model y=Θ S+e of measuring-signal y when reality is non-homogeneous to be measured.
6. the compressed sensing ultrasonic beam composition algorithm of fusion dynamic aperture according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 5) specifically comprise following sub-step:
51) by solving optimization problem obtain the rarefaction representation of ultrasound echo signal wherein μ is the cross-correlation coefficient of calculation matrix Φ;
52) cross-correlation coefficient μ is calculated as follows:
Wherein, for the column vector of calculation matrix Φ, in above formula represent delivery after inner product, i, j represent the integer of 1 ~ N;
53) reconstruction signal of original higher-dimension ultrasound echo signal is obtained by sparse matrix Ψ wherein
7. the compressed sensing ultrasonic beam composition algorithm of fusion dynamic aperture according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 6) specifically comprise following sub-step:
61) to the ultrasound echo signal of reconstruct carry out time delay superposition Beam synthesis by following formula, obtain the ultrasonic beam composite signal after time delay superposition;
S D A S ( n ) = &Sigma; i = 0 N 1 - 1 x ^ i &lsqb; n - ( r c + &tau; n ) &CenterDot; f s &rsqb;
Wherein S dASn () represents array element ordinal number for ultrasonic beam composite signal, i, n represents sampling number, N 1represent the ultrasound element sum focused on, r represents the distance between focus point and sensor array true origin, and c represents ultrasonic velocity, τ irepresent the focusing time delay that in the middle of relative sensors array, array element applies No. i-th array element, f srepresent the sample frequency of AD converter.
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CN113804591B (en) * 2021-09-03 2023-05-12 南昌航空大学 High-dimensional ultrasonic evaluation method for nickel-based alloy grain size

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