CN1060505A - 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5,-十氟戊烷与甲醇或乙醇或异丙醇的二元共沸组合物 - Google Patents
1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5,-十氟戊烷与甲醇或乙醇或异丙醇的二元共沸组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1060505A CN1060505A CN91105365.4A CN91105365A CN1060505A CN 1060505 A CN1060505 A CN 1060505A CN 91105365 A CN91105365 A CN 91105365A CN 1060505 A CN1060505 A CN 1060505A
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- decafluoropentane
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- RIQRGMUSBYGDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RIQRGMUSBYGDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
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- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- OEPRBXUJOQLYID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoropentane Chemical compound CCCCCF OEPRBXUJOQLYID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
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- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical class CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-4-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)but-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2C\C=C\CO DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFUSEUYYWQURPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloroethene Chemical compound ClC=CCl KFUSEUYYWQURPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTXXOKPWZPVIFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorohex-2-ene Chemical class CCCC=CCCl YTXXOKPWZPVIFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003132 halothane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002912 oxalic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/22—Organic compounds
- C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D7/261—Alcohols; Phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/149—Mixtures of blowing agents covered by more than one of the groups C08J9/141 - C08J9/143
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/30—Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/50—Solvents
- C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
- C11D7/5068—Mixtures of halogenated and non-halogenated solvents
- C11D7/5077—Mixtures of only oxygen-containing solvents
- C11D7/5081—Mixtures of only oxygen-containing solvents the oxygen-containing solvents being alcohols only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
- C23G5/028—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- C23G5/02803—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
- C08J2207/04—Aerosol, e.g. polyurethane foam spray
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/102—Alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/32—The mixture being azeotropic
-
- C11D2111/22—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/26—Cleaning or polishing of the conductive pattern
Abstract
1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷和甲醇或乙醇
或异丙醇的共沸混合物,该共沸混合物可用于溶剂清
洗应用,可用作发泡剂、制冷剂、加热介质和气雾剂抛
射剂。
Description
随着现代电路板朝向增加电路和元件密度的方向发展,焊接后电路板的彻底清洗成为更重要的要求。在电路板上焊接电子元件的现有工业方法包括,用焊剂涂布电路板的整个电路面,然后使涂有焊剂的电路板从预热器上方穿过,再穿过熔融的焊料。焊剂清洗了导电的金属部件,促进了焊料的融合。常用的焊剂一般由松香组成,可单独使用或与活性添加剂如胺的盐酸盐或草酸衍生物合用。
焊接后,由于部分松香被热降解,常常要用有机溶剂从电路板上除去焊剂残渣。对这类溶剂的要求很严格。去焊剂溶剂应具有下列特点:沸点低,不易燃,毒性低且溶解能力强,这样才能除去焊剂和焊剂残渣而不损坏所清洗的基板。
虽然沸点、易燃性和溶解能力特性常可通过制备溶剂混合物来加以调节,但这些混合物常常不能令人满意,因为它们在使用过程中会分馏至不利的程度。这类溶剂混合物在溶剂蒸馏过程中也会发生分馏,这使得实际上不可能回收到具有原始组成的溶剂混合物。
另一方面,现已发现具有恒定沸点和恒定组成的共沸混合物特别适用于上述这些应用。共沸混合物或有最高沸点,或有最低沸点,在沸腾时不分馏。这些特性在用溶剂组合物从印刷电路板上去除焊剂和焊剂残渣时也很重要。如果混合物不是共沸的,则溶剂混合物中挥发性较大的组分会优先蒸发,这会导致混合物的组成改变和溶解性能不太理想,如对松香焊剂的溶解力下降以及对所清洗的电子元件的惰性下降。这种共沸特点在蒸气脱脂操作中也是所期望的,这种操作的最终清洗通常使用重蒸溶剂。
总之,蒸气去焊剂和脱脂系统起到了蒸馏釜的作用。除非溶剂组合物具有恒定的沸点,即是共沸物,否则就会发生分馏而造成不希望的溶剂分布,这会对清洗操作的安全性和效力产生有害影响。
已经发现了许多以含氯氟烃为基础的共沸组合物,并在某些场合作为从印刷电路板上除去焊剂和焊剂残渣的溶剂使用,也用于多种多样的脱脂应用。例如:美国专利3,903,009公开了1,1,2-三氯三氟乙烷与乙醇和硝基甲烷的三元共沸物;美国专利2,999,815公开了1,1,2-三氯三氟乙烷和丙酮的二元共沸物;美国专利2,999,816公开了1,1,2-三氯三氟乙烷和甲醇的二元共沸物;美国专利4,767,561公开了1,1,2-三氯三氟乙烷、甲醇和1,2-二氯乙烯的三元共沸物。
这类混合物还可以作为抛光研磨剂洗涤剂使用,例如用于从抛光表面如金属上除去抛光研磨剂;作为宝石或金属零件的干燥剂;在应用氯型显影剂的常规电路制造技术中作为抗蚀剂显影剂;以及用于剥离光致抗蚀剂(例如加入氯代烃,如1,1,1-三氯乙烷或三氯乙烯)。这些混合物还可进一步用作制冷剂、热传递介质、气体电介质、泡沫膨胀剂、气雾剂抛射剂、溶剂和动力循环工作液体。
闭孔聚氨酯泡沫在建筑施工和制造高能效电器用具过程中广泛用于保温目的。在建筑业中,聚氨酯(聚异氰脲酸酯)板材由于能够保温和载重而用于建造屋顶和墙壁。建筑中还使用灌注聚氨酯泡沫和喷发聚氨酯泡沫。喷发聚氨酯泡沫广泛用于储藏罐等大型结构的保温。例如,就地灌注的聚氨酯泡沫用于制冷器和冷藏箱,还用于制造冷藏车和冷藏车皮。
这些各种类型的聚氨酯泡沫,在制造时都需要有膨胀剂(发泡剂)。保温泡沫取决于卤烃发泡剂的使用,使用这种发泡剂不仅是为了使聚合物发泡,而且主要是由于它们的蒸气导热性低,这对保温性能来说是很重要的特性。历史上,聚氨酯泡沫是用CFC-11(CFCl3)作主发泡剂制造的。
第二类重要的保温泡沫是酚醛泡沫。这些具有很显著的易燃特性的泡沫通常是用CFC-11和CFC-113(1,1,2-三氯-1,2,2-三氟乙烷)发泡剂制造的。
第三类保温泡沫是热塑性泡沫,主要是聚苯乙烯泡沫。聚烯烃泡沫(聚乙烯和聚丙烯)广泛用于包装。这些热塑性泡沫通常是用CFC-12制造的。
许多较小型的密封制冷系统,例如用于制冷器或窗用和汽车用空调器的制冷系统,使用二氯二氟甲烷(CFC-12)作制冷剂。较大型的离心制冷设备,例如用于工业规模冷却(如冷却商业办公楼)的制冷设备,通常选用三氯氟甲烷(CFC-11)或1,1,2-三氯三氟乙烷(CFC-113)作制冷剂。还发现,具有恒定沸点和组成的共沸混合物,非常适于作为替代性的制冷剂而用于许多前面提到的应用。
气雾剂产品曾采用单一卤烃和卤烃混合物作为气雾剂体系中的抛射剂蒸气减压剂。具有恒定组成和蒸气压的共沸混合物将会非常适于在气雾剂体系中作为溶剂和抛射剂使用。
理论上已经把目前用于清洗和其它应用的某些含氯氟烃与地球臭氧层的消耗联系起来。早在七十年代中期就了解到,在预先全卤化的含氯氟烃的化学结构中引入氢,会降低这些化合物的化学稳定性。因而,预计这些业已去稳定的化合物会在较低的大气中降解,而不会以原有结构到达平流层臭氧层。因此还需要理论臭氧消耗潜能较低的替代性含氯氟烃,或者不含氯、其臭氧消耗潜能为零的氢氟代烃(HFC)。
遗憾的是,正如在本领域已经认识到的,不可能预期共沸物的形成。这一事实使得寻找可应用于该领域的新的共沸组合物工作明显复杂化了。然而,在这一领域内人们仍在不断努力发现具有所期望的溶解特性、尤其是在溶解能力方面具有更大适用性的新共沸组合物。
本发明发现了一些共沸组合物,该组合物包含有效量的1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷(43-10mee)与选自甲醇或乙醇或异丙醇的醇的混合物。更具体地说,这些共沸混合物为:约89.0-99.0%(重量)43-10mee和约1.0-11.0%(重量)甲醇的混合物;约91.0-99.0%(重量)43-10mee和约1.0-9.0%(重量)乙醇的混合物;和约93.0-99.0%(重量)43-10mee和约1.0-7.0%(优选2-6%)(重量)异丙醇的混合物。
C.G.Krespan和V.N.M.Rao与本申请同日提交的CR-8898中公开了由不饱和中间体制备1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷的方法。C.G.Krespan与本申请同日提交的CR-8897中公开了上述不饱和中间体的制备方法。这两个申请的全部公开内容都在此列为参考。
本发明提供非常适于溶剂清洗应用的非易燃的共沸组合物。
本发明的组合物可进一步作为制冷剂用于现有的制冷设备,例如为使用CFCO-12或F-11而设计的制冷设备。这些组合物可用于压缩循环应用,包括既能产生冷却效率也能产生加热效果的空调器和热泵系统。这些新的制冷剂混合物,可用于制冷应用,例如美国专利4,482,465(授予Cray)所述的应用。
本发明的组合物包含有效量的43-10mee(CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3,沸点=50.0℃)与选自甲醇(CH3OH,沸点=64.7℃)或乙醇(CH3CH2OH,沸点=78.4℃)或异丙醇(CH3CHOHCH3,沸点=82.4℃的乙醇的混合物,从而形成一种共沸组合物。
共沸组合物指的是两种或更多种物质的恒沸液体混合物,该混合物的行为就象单一物质那样,由液体的部分蒸发或蒸馏所产生的蒸气具有与液体基本相同的组成,即,该混合物在蒸馏时组成基本不变。被鉴定为共沸物的恒沸组合物,与由相同物质组成的非共沸混合物相比,或有最高沸点,或有最低沸点。
就本发明的目的而言,有效量是指本发明混合物中各组分在合并后导致形成本发明共沸组合物的量。
此定义包括每个组分的量,这些量可以随对该组合物施加的压力而改变,只要共沸组合物在不同的压力下继续存在,但沸点可能会不同。因此,有效量包括本发明组合物中的每个组分在不为大气压的压力下形成共沸组合物时的重量百分数。
术语“基本上由……组成的共沸组合物”包括含有本发明共沸物所有组分(任何数量)的混合物,如进行分馏,该混合物将在至少一种馏分中产生含所有组分的本发明共沸物,该组合物可以单独存在,也可以与另一种化合物一起存在,例如在与所述馏分基本相同的温度下蒸馏出的、但对组合物的共沸特性没有显著影响的化合物。
实际上,根据所选择的条件,有可能按照以下几条原则中的任意一条来识别可能以多种假象出现的恒沸混合物:
*组合物可定义为A、B、C的共沸物,因为“共沸物”这个特殊术语,不但同时具有确定性和限制性,而且要求有效量的A、B、C形成这种独特的物质组合物即恒沸混合物。
*本领域专业人员熟知,在不同的压力下,给定共沸物的组成至少会发生某种程度的变化,并且压力的改变也至少会在某种程度上改变沸点温度。因此,A、B、C的共沸物代表了一种独特类型的关系,但其组成可变,这取决于温度和/或压力。因此,常常用组成范围而不是固定的组成来限定共沸物。
*组合物可定义为A、B、C的特定重量百分比关系或摩尔百分比关系,同时要认识到,这些具体的数值只指出了一种这样的特定关系,事实上,对给定的共沸物实际上存在着由A、B、C体现的一系列这样的关系,这种关系随压力的影响而改变。
*A、B、C共沸物可以这样来表征,即把组合物定义为以给定压力下的沸点为特征的共沸物,这就给出了鉴定特征而又没有不适当地以具体的数值组成来限制本发明的范围,这种数值组成受到现有分析仪器的限制,而且只能与分析仪器一样精确。
约89.0-99.0%(优选93-97%)(重量)43-10mee和1.0-11.0%(优选3-7%)(重量)甲醇的二元混合物,被鉴定为共沸物,因为此范围内的混合物在恒压下具有基本上恒定的沸点。由于基本恒沸,这些混合物在蒸发时不会在很大程度上发生分馏。蒸发后,蒸气和初始液相的组成之间只有很小的差别。这种差别如此之小,以至于可认为蒸气和液相的组成是基本相同的。因此,此范围内的任何混合物都具有真正的二元共沸物所特有的性质。现已在分馏法的精度内,确立了由约95.3%(重量)43-10mee和约4.7%(重量)甲醇组成的二元组合物为真正的二元共沸物,它在基本为大气压下在约39.9℃沸腾。
另外根据本发明,约91.0-99.0%(优选94-98%)(重量)43-10mee和1.0-9.0%(优选2-6%)(重量)乙醇的二元混合物,被鉴定为共沸物,因为此范围内的混合物在恒压下具有基本恒定的沸点。由于基本恒沸,这些混合物在蒸发时不会在很大程度上发生分馏。蒸发后,蒸气和初始液相的组成之间只有很小的差别。这种差别如此之小,以至于可认为蒸气和液相的组成是基本相同的。这都是真正的二元共沸物所特有的性质。现已在分馏法的精度内,确立了由约97.1%(重量)43-10mee和约2.9%(重量)乙醇组成的二元组合物为真正的二元共沸物,它在基本为大气压下在约43.4℃沸腾。
另外根据本发明,约93.0-99.0%(优选94-98%)(重量)43-10mee和1.0-7.0%(优选2-6%)(重量)异丙醇的二元混合物,被鉴定为共沸物,因为此范围内的混合物在恒压下具有基本恒定的沸点。由于基本恒沸,这些混合物在蒸发时不会在很大程度上发生分馏。蒸发后,蒸气和初始液相的组成之间只有很小的差别。这种差别如此之小,以至于可认为蒸气和液相的组成是基本相同的。因此,此范围内的任何混合物都具有真正的二元共沸物所特有的性质。现已在分馏法的精度内,确立了由约97.4%(重量)43-10mee和约2.6%(重量)异丙醇组成的二元组合物为真正的二元共沸物,它在基本为大气压下在约45.5℃沸腾。
上述共沸物的臭氧消耗潜能为零,预期在到达平流层之前就几乎完全分解。
本发明共沸组合物由于具有共沸性质,所以便于从蒸气去焊剂和脱脂操作中回收溶剂和进行再利用。例如,本发明的共沸混合物可用于如美国专利3,881,949所述的清洗工艺中,或作为抛光研磨剂洗涤剂使用。
此外,这些混合物可作为抗蚀剂显影剂使用(如果使用氯型显影剂剂的话),也可加入适当的卤烃而作为抗蚀剂剥离剂使用。
本发明的另一方面是一种制冷方法,该方法包括:使本发明的制冷剂组合物冷凝,然后使其在所要冷却的物体附近蒸发。类似地,本发明的再一方面是一种加热的方法,该方法包括:使本发明的制冷剂在所要加热的物体附近冷凝,然后使制冷剂蒸发。本发明的又一方面包括气雾剂组合物,这些组合物包含活性成分和抛射剂,其中抛射剂为本发明的共沸混合物;本发明的这一方面也包括通过将所述成分混合而生产这些组合物的方法。本发明进一步包括清洗剂组合物,这些组合物包含本发明的共沸混合物。
本发明的共沸组合物可以用任何方便的方法来制备,包括混合或合并所需量的各组分。优选的方法是称取所需量的各组分,然后把它们合并在适当的容器中。
无需进一步详述,相信本领域技术人员能够使用前面的描述而最大限度地利用本发明。因此,下列优选具体实施方案应被认为仅仅是说明性的,而决不是要限制其余的公开内容。
在以上叙述和下列实施例中,所有温度均以摄氏度给出,且未经校正;除非另外指出,所有份数和百分比均以重量计。
本发明的1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷可以用美国专利申请〔档案号为CR-8897〕所述的物质为原料来制备,该专利申的全部内容在此列为参考。按照其中的介绍,可以在式AlX3的催化剂存在下,使两种选定的多氟代烯烃在一起反应而制得至少含5个碳原子的多氟代烯烃,其中X为F、Cl或Br中的一种或多种(假定X不都是F)。正如本文的实施例5所例举的,五碳的全氟烯烃原料可由六氟丙烯(HFP)与四氟乙烯(TFE)反应来制备。六碳的全氟烯烃原料可如下制备:基本按照实施例5的方法使1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2,3-二氯-2-丁烯与TFE反应,生成含全氟-2,3-二氯-2-己烯的中间产物,该中间产物可再与氟化钾在回流的N-甲基吡咯烷酮中反应,从而转化为全氟-2-己烯。七碳全氟烯烃原料的混合物,可以基本上按照实施例5的方法,由六氟丙烯与2摩尔TFE反应来制备。
本发明的CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3可用包括如下步骤的方法来制备:用由钯族得到的金属催化剂,使如上制备或描述的烯烃原料在气相中与氢反应。该方法中烯烃原料的碳原子数与所要制备的二氢多氟烷烃相同,并且可以是CF3CF=CFCF2CF3,而且其烯键位于相应于所述二氢多氟烷烃中带氢的碳原子之间。
无载体的金属催化剂和有载体的金属催化剂都适用于本方法,其中的金属是钯、铑或钌。可以应用象碳或氧化铝这样的载体。钯/氧化铝是优选的催化剂。
该气相还原反应可以在约50℃-225℃范围内的温度下进行,优选的温度范围为约100℃-200℃。氢化压力可以变化很大,从不足1大气压到20大气压或更高。该方法中氢与烯烃原料的摩尔比优选在约0.5∶1和4∶1之间,更优选的是在约0.5∶1和1.5∶1之间。
CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3的制备方法在本文的实施例6和7中举例说明。
以上和以下所引用的所有申请、专利和出版物的全部公开内容均在此列为参考。
实施例1
在合适的容器中制备一种溶液并充分混合,该溶液含有95.2%(重量)1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷(43-10mee)和4.8%(重量)甲醇。
在Perkin-Elmer 251型自动环形旋带蒸馏釜(分馏能力为200塔板)中蒸馏该溶液,所采用的回流/蒸出比为50∶1。直接读到0.1℃。所有温度均调整到760mmHg的压力。用气相色谱法测定馏出物的组成。所得结果概括于表1。
表1
43-10mee(43-10)
和甲醇(MEOH)(95.2+4.8)的蒸馏
温度(℃) 馏出或回 重量百分比
馏分 釜 蒸馏头 收重量% 43-10 MEOH
1 44.0 39.7 1.8 95.12 4.88
2 44.0 39.8 4.3 95.86 4.14
3 44.3 39.8 7.1 95.47 4.53
4 44.6 40.0 12.8 95.10 4.90
5 45.0 40.2 19.1 95.59 4.41
6 45.4 39.9 29.2 95.57 4.43
7 45.8 40.0 36.8 94.70 5.30
底馏分 - - 91.1 89.26 10.74
以上数据的分析表明,随着蒸馏的进行,蒸馏头温度之间及馏出物组成之间的差异都很小。这些数据的统计分析表明,43-10mee和甲醇的真正二元共沸物,在大气压下具有如下特性(99%置信区间):
43-10mee =95.3±1.4%(重量)
甲醇 =4.7±1.4%(重量)
沸点(℃) =39.9±0.6℃
实施例2
在合适的容器中制备一种溶液并充分混合,该溶液含有95.4%(重量)43-10mee和4.6%(重量)乙醇。
在Perkin-Elmer 251型自动环形旋带蒸馏釜(分馏能力为200塔板)中蒸馏该溶液,所采用的回流/蒸出比约为20∶1。蒸馏头温度和釜温直接读到0.1℃。所有温度均调整到760mmHg的压力。用气相色谱法测定馏出物的组成。所得结果概括于表2。
表2
43-10mee(43-10)
和乙醇(ETOH)(95.4+4.6)的蒸馏
温度(℃) 馏出或回 重量百分比
馏分 釜 蒸馏头 收重量% 43-10 ETOH
1 48.1 42.9 4.5 97.13 2.87
2 48.0 43.3 7.2 97.21 2.79
3 48.3 43.3 12.0 97.12 2.88
4 48.5 43.3 13.9 97.07 2.93
5 49.4 43.3 17.6 97.18 2.82
6 49.7 43.6 18.8 97.11 2.89
7 49.8 43.5 19.9 96.81 3.19
8 50.2 43.6 22.0 97.05 2.95
9 50.4 43.6 25.0 97.16 2.84
10 50.8 43.5 29.9 96.87 3.13
底馏分 - - 82.0 91.09 8.91
以上数据的分析表明,随着蒸馏的进行,蒸馏头温度之间及馏出物组成之间的差异都很小。这些数据的统计分析表明,43-10mee和乙醇的真正二元共沸物,在大气压下具有如下特性(99%置信区间):
43-10mee =97.1±0.4%(重量)
乙醇 =2.9±0.4%(重量)
沸点(℃) =43.4±0.7℃
实施例3
在合适的容器中制备一种溶液并充分混合,该溶液含有96.0%(重量)43-10mee和4.0%(重量)异丙醇。
在25塔板Oldershaw蒸馏塔中蒸馏该溶液,所采用的回流/蒸出比约为15∶1。蒸馏头温度直接读到0.1℃。所有温度均调整到760mmHg的压力。用气相色谱法测定馏出物的组成。所得结果概括于表3。
表3
43-10mee(43-10)
和异丙醇(IPAOH)(96.0+4.0)的蒸馏
温度(℃) 馏出或回 重量百分比
馏分 蒸馏头 收重量% 43-10 IPAOH
1 45.1 14.1 97.23 2.77
2 45.3 26.2 97.24 2.76
3 45.7 35.8 97.39 2.61
4 46.0 41.4 97.61 2.39
底馏分 - 94.1 91.26 8.74
以上数据的分析表明,随着蒸馏的进行,蒸馏头温度之间及馏出物组成之间的差异都很小。这些数据的统计分析表明,43-10mee和异丙醇的真正二元共沸物,在大气压下具有如下特性(99%置信区间):
43-10mee =97.4±0.8%(重量)
异丙醇 =2.6±0.8%(重量)
沸点(℃) =45.5±1.8
实施例4
取几块单面电路板,用活化松香焊剂涂布,然后如下焊接:使电路板通过预热器上方,使顶面板温度达到约200°F(93℃),然后使电路板通过500°F(260℃)的熔融焊料。焊接好的电路板分别用前面实施例1、2和3中所提到的共沸混合物除焊剂,方法是先把电路板悬浮在盛有共沸混合物的沸腾池中3分钟,然后悬浮在盛有相同共沸混合物的清洗池中1分钟,最后悬浮在沸腾池上方的溶剂蒸气中1分钟。在每种共沸混合物中清洗过的电路板都没有任何可见的残渣残留其上。
实施例5
CF3CF=CFCF2CF3(F-戊烯-2)的制备
将温度为-20℃的、装有8.0gAlF2.8Cl0.2(由AlCl3制备)、75g(0.50摩尔)六氟丙烯和50g(0.50摩尔)四氟乙烯的400毫升金属管振荡30分钟,其间温度迅速升至20℃,而压力降至8磅/平方英寸。将产物蒸馏,得到88.0g(70%)F-戊烯-2,b.p.23-26℃,由IR、NMR和GC/MS鉴定。NMR显示产物为89%反式异构体和11%顺式异构体。
实施例6
CF3CF=CFCF2CF3的气相还原
在一个外部尺寸为6英寸×0.5英寸的哈斯特洛伊耐蚀镍基合金管中,装入10.0g 0.5%钯/5×8目氧化铝球。这是一个购自Calsicat公司的市售样品,使用前用氢还原。同时向反应器中送入气化的全氟戊烯-2(2ml/小时,按液体计)和氢(20ml/分)。在操作过程中流出反应器的产物流用线上GC和线上MS进行分析,然后把产物收集在-80℃的收集器中。在100-200℃的温度下,转化率为96-99%,全氟-2H,3H-戊烷的产率在此温度范围内持续为95%或更高。三氢副产物的含量约为1%。用简单的分馏法很容易得到纯产物,bp 50-55℃,GC和NMR分析表明其中两种非对映异构体的比例约为90∶10。
实施例7
CF3CF=CFCF2CF3的还原
在25℃和约20-50磅/平方英寸的氢气压力下,将22.7g(0.091摩尔)全氟戊烯-2用2.0g 5%pd/碳在100ml甲苯中进行还原,直到氢气的吸收降至0.3磅/平方英寸/小时。蒸馏分离出18.3g挥发物,bp 25-62℃,其中含有65%(重量)戊烷类产物,该产物由摩尔比为94∶6的二氢戊烷和三氢戊烷组成。全氟-2H,3H-戊烷由比例为97∶3的非对映异构体组成,这表明了特别高的选择性。
该反应证实,当金属催化的还原反应在非极性介质中进行时,该反应对全氢化线性内烯烃的二氢化具有异常高的选择性,另外对只生成一种非对映异构的二氢产物也具有显著的选择性。
Claims (20)
1、一种共沸组合物,它基本上由以下组分组成:
(a)89.0-99.0%(重量)1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-+氟戊烷与1.0-11.0%(重量)甲醇;
(b)91.0-99.0%(重量)1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-+氟戊烷与1.0-9.0%(重量)乙醇;或
(c)93.0-99.0%(重量)1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-+氟戊烷与1.0-7.0%(重量)异丙醇。
2、权利要求1的共沸组合物,它基本上由89.0-99.%(重量)1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷和约1.0-11.0%(重量)甲醇组成。
3、权利要求2的共沸组合物,它基本上由93-97%(重量)1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷和3-7%(重量)甲醇组成。
4、权利要求2的共沸组合物,它基本上由约95.3%(重量)1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷和约4.7%(重量)甲醇组成。
5、权利要求2的共沸组合物,其中组合物在基本为大气压下的沸点约为39.9℃。
6、权利要求1的共沸组合物,它基本上由约91.0-99.0%(重量)1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷和1.0-9.0%(重量)乙醇组成。
7、权利要求6的共沸组合物,它基本上由约94-98%(重量)1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷和2-6%(重量)乙醇组成。
8、权利要求6的共沸组合物,它基本上由约97.1%(重量)1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷和约2.9%(重量)乙醇组成。
9、权利要求6的共沸组合物,其中组合物在基本为大气压下的沸点约为43.4℃。
10、权利要求1的共沸组合物,它基本上由约93.0-99.0%(重量)1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷和约1.0-7.0%(重量)异丙醇组成。
11、权利要求10的共沸组合物,它基本上由约94-98%(重量)1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷和2-6%(重量)异丙醇组成。
12、权利要求10的共沸组合物,它基本上由约97.4%(重量)1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷和约2.6%(重量)异丙醇组成。
13、权利要求10的共沸组合物,其中组合物在基本为大气压下的沸点约为45.5℃。
14、一种清洗固体表面的方法,该方法包括用权利要求1的共沸组合物处理所述表面。
15、权利要求14的方法,其中固体表面为污染有焊剂和焊剂残渣的印刷电路板。
16、权利要求15的方法,其中固体表面为金属。
17、一种制冷方法,该方法包括在所要冷却的物体附近蒸发权利要求1的混合物。
18、一种产热方法,该方法包括在所要加热的物体附近冷凝权利要求1的组合物。
19、一种制备聚合物泡沫的方法,该方法包括用发泡剂使聚合物膨胀,其改进之处在于,发泡剂为权利要求1的组合物。
20、一种气雾剂组合物,该组合物包含抛射剂和活性成分,其改进之处在于,抛射剂为权利要求1的组合物。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/595,833 US5064559A (en) | 1990-10-11 | 1990-10-11 | Binary azeotropic compositions of (CF3 CHFCHFCF2 CF3) with methanol or ethanol or isopropanol |
US595,833 | 1990-10-11 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1060505A true CN1060505A (zh) | 1992-04-22 |
CN1034520C CN1034520C (zh) | 1997-04-09 |
Family
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CN91105365A Expired - Fee Related CN1034520C (zh) | 1990-10-11 | 1991-08-05 | 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷与甲醇或乙醇或异丙醇的二元共沸组合物 |
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US (1) | US5064559A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0552225B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3112478B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1034520C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU8729391A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69124257T2 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX9100527A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY110232A (zh) |
TW (1) | TW198732B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1992007112A1 (zh) |
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WO1999035210A1 (en) * | 1998-01-02 | 1999-07-15 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Decafluoropentane compositions |
US6274543B1 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 2001-08-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Cleaning and coating composition and methods of using same |
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JPS55131096A (en) * | 1979-03-30 | 1980-10-11 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Working fluid for rankine cycle |
KR950013923B1 (ko) * | 1988-06-22 | 1995-11-18 | 아사히가라스 가부시끼가이샤 | 할로겐화 탄화수소 용매 및 그의 용도 |
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US5064560A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1991-11-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ternary azeotropic compositions of 43-10mee (CF3 CHFCHFCH2 CF.sub. |
US5064559A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1991-11-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Binary azeotropic compositions of (CF3 CHFCHFCF2 CF3) with methanol or ethanol or isopropanol |
US5171902A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-12-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Saturated linear polyfluorohydrocarbons, processes for their production, and their use in cleaning compositions |
-
1990
- 1990-10-11 US US07/595,833 patent/US5064559A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-08-02 MY MYPI91001399A patent/MY110232A/en unknown
- 1991-08-02 TW TW080106067A patent/TW198732B/zh active
- 1991-08-05 MX MX9100527A patent/MX9100527A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-05 CN CN91105365A patent/CN1034520C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-09 EP EP91917887A patent/EP0552225B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-09 DE DE69124257T patent/DE69124257T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-09 JP JP03516817A patent/JP3112478B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-09 WO PCT/US1991/007219 patent/WO1992007112A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-10-09 AU AU87293/91A patent/AU8729391A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU8729391A (en) | 1992-05-20 |
DE69124257D1 (de) | 1997-02-27 |
EP0552225A4 (en) | 1993-09-01 |
TW198732B (zh) | 1993-01-21 |
JPH06501949A (ja) | 1994-03-03 |
WO1992007112A1 (en) | 1992-04-30 |
US5064559A (en) | 1991-11-12 |
DE69124257T2 (de) | 1997-07-17 |
EP0552225A1 (en) | 1993-07-28 |
MY110232A (en) | 1998-03-31 |
JP3112478B2 (ja) | 2000-11-27 |
CN1034520C (zh) | 1997-04-09 |
EP0552225B1 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
MX9100527A (es) | 1992-06-05 |
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