CN107003999A - 对用户的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的系统和方法 - Google Patents

对用户的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN107003999A
CN107003999A CN201580067237.4A CN201580067237A CN107003999A CN 107003999 A CN107003999 A CN 107003999A CN 201580067237 A CN201580067237 A CN 201580067237A CN 107003999 A CN107003999 A CN 107003999A
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CN107003999B (zh
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小迈克尔·R·肯尼维克
老迈克尔·R·肯尼维克
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VoiceBox Technologies Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/08—Speech classification or search
    • G10L15/18—Speech classification or search using natural language modelling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/30—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of unstructured textual data
    • G06F16/33—Querying
    • G06F16/332—Query formulation
    • G06F16/3329—Natural language query formulation or dialogue systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
    • G06F40/40—Processing or translation of natural language

Abstract

在某些实现方式中，可以提供对用户的在先自然语言输入的后续响应。作为示例，在计算机系统处可以接收与用户相关联的自然语言输入。可以实行确定计算机系统当前是否能够访问用于提供对自然语言输入的充分响应的足够的信息。可以基于确定当前不能访问用于提供对自然语言输入的充分响应的足够的信息，提供对自然语言输入的第一响应(第一响应指示将提供后续响应)。可以接收用于提供对自然语言输入的充分响应的足够的信息。之后，基于所接收的足够的信息，提供对自然语言输入的第二响应。

Description

对用户的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的系统和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2014年10月15日提交的、名称为“SYSTEM AND METHOD FORPROVIDING FOLLOW-UP RESPONSES TO PRIOR NATURAL LANGUAGE INPUTS OF A USER”的美国临时专利申请序列号为62/064,329的权益，其全部内容通过引用而并入在本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及对自然语言输入提供响应的系统和方法。
背景技术
电子用户设备已显现出在许多人的日常生活中变得几乎无处不在。这种增长式使用的原因之一是利用用户设备接收信息(例如借助能够处理自然语言输入的个人助理软件)的便利性。然而，在很多情况下，对于个人助理软件来说，用于提供对来自用户的自然语言请求的充分响应的信息可能不是立即可用或可访问的(例如由于差的网络连接、服务中断等)。在这种情况下，个人助理无法提供充分的响应，用户不得不牢记在稍后提出询问以接收充分的响应。存在这些和其它缺点。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于为自然语言输入提供响应的系统和方法。作为示例，可以通过实现对用户的在先自然语言输入(或用户的在先请求)的后续响应(或以后续响应形式的实时更新)，来促进对自然语言输入(例如话语或手势等)的系统响应。例如，无需用户指定需要后续响应，就可以提供这些后续响应用以呈现给用户。因此，在一个实现方式中，用户无需针对随后将被执行的一个或多个系统动作提供指定稍后执行这些系统动作的用户请求。
例如在一种场景中，用户可以要求个人助理应用程序将他/她的房屋中的恒温器设置到某个温度(例如“72度或其它温度”)。然而，由于与恒温器相关联的服务可能暂时出现故障，导致个人助理应用程序可能无法立即满足用户的命令。因此，由于无法接收与相关联的服务建立连接的确认信息，个人助理应用程序可以提醒用户目前该个人助理应用程序无法连接到用户的恒温器，并指示：当个人助理应用程序能够将用户的恒温器设置到所要求的温度时，它将随后进行该操作。此后，个人助理应用程序可以周期性检查相关联的服务以确定用以设置该恒温器的通道是否可用。如果该通道变得可用(且在用户的初始命令之后没有另外的关于恒温器的设置的用户输入)，个人助理应用程序可以发送指令以将恒温器设置为所要求的温度。当从相关联的服务接收到所要求的设置的确认时，个人助理应用程序可以提供通知用户该恒温器已被设置为所要求的温度的、用以呈现给用户的后续响应。
在另一种场景中，用户可以要求个人助理应用程序告诉他/她附近的比萨餐厅(例如“这附近是否有比萨餐厅？”)。然而，如果个人助理应用程序存储在该用户的用户设备上，且该用户设备当前没有网络接入(例如，没有蜂窝网络或Wi-Fi连接)，则该个人助理应用程序可以通知用户当前没有网络接入，它将在能够执行所要求的查询时随后进行该操作。随后，当检测到网络接入(且没有另外的与查询比萨餐厅相关的用户输入时)时，个人助理应用程序可以发起所要求的查询。当接收到所要求的查询的结果时，个人助理应用程序可以基于该查询结果制定用于呈现给用户的响应。
在一个实现方式中，可以在用户提供在先自然语言输入的交互会话期间以外的(例如个人助理应用和用户之间的)交互会话期间，提供对在先自然语言输入的后续响应，用以呈现给用户。因此，在一些情况下，在提供该后续响应之前，可以从用户接收一个或多个随后的自然语言输入和/或可以将对这些随后的自然语言输入的系统响应提供给用户。在其它情况下，这些随后的用户输入和它们对应的响应可以与在先自然语言输入无关，该后续响应提供用于该在先自然语言输入。
在一个实现方式中，与系统(或它的个人助理应用程序)和用户之间的交互会话相关联的上下文信息可以用于定制在该交互会话期间提供的后续响应。作为示例，如果当前交互会话(例如随后的对话会话)的主题与在先自然语言输入(或与它相关的用户请求)的主题不同，系统可以使用与该交互会话相关联的上下文信息生成在当前交互会话中更“适合”的、对在先自然语言输入的后续响应。例如，在一种使用情况下，如果在先自然语言输入包括对朋友生日的询问，且在系统和用户之间与用户的结婚纪念日有关的对话期间获取了关于该朋友生日的信息，则生成与当前对话(至少部分地)相关的后续响应(例如“说到重要的日子，您之前问过我您朋友的生日，那是下周五”)。
通过本发明的详细描述及其所附的附图，本发明的各个其它方面将显而易见。还要理解的是，上文的总体描述和下文的详细描述均为示例性的且不限制本发明的范围。如在说明书中和在权利要求中所使用，单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”包括复数指代，除非上下文另有明确指示。另外，如在说明书中和在权利要求中所使用，术语“或”指“和/或”，除非上下文另有明确指示。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的实现方式的用于提供对与用户相关联的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的一种系统。
图2示出了根据本发明的实现方式的用于促进自然语言处理的系统。
图3示出了根据本发明的实现方式的提供对与用户相关联的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的方法的流程图。
图4示出了根据本发明的实现方式的提供对与用户相关联的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的方法的另一流程图。
图5示出了根据本发明的实现方式的提供指示将提供后续响应的响应的用户界面的截图。
图6示出了根据本发明的实现方式的提供对与用户相关联的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的用户界面的屏幕截图。
图7示出了根据本发明的实现方式的在不相关的随后的用户输入和/或对随后的用户输入进行响应之间提供对与用户相关联的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的用户界面的屏幕截图。
具体实现方式
在如下描述中，出于说明目的，提出多个具体细节，以便提供对本发明的实现方式的全面理解。然而，本领域的技术人员将理解到，在不具有这些具体细节或具有等效布置的情况下，可以实践本发明的实现方式。在其它实例中，以框图形式示出了熟知的结构和设备，以便避免不必要地使本发明的实现方式变模糊。
图1示出了根据本发明的实现形式的用于提供对与用户相关联的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的系统100。
在一个实现方式中，系统100可通过实现对用户的在先自然语言输入(例如用户的在先请求)的后续更新的响应和/或实时更新的响应，来促进对自然语言输入(例如言语或手势等)的自然语言响应，而无需用户指定需要后续响应。在一个实现方式中，系统100能够获取与用户的在先自然语言输入相关的一个或多个后续更新和/或实时更新，并提供对在先自然语言输入的一个或多个后续响应和/或实时响应。在一个实现方式中，可以通过实现用户和系统100之间的异步全双工交互，来促进去往系统100的、对用户的在先自然语言输入的后续和/或实时更新，或来自系统100的、对用户的在先自然语言输入的后续和/或实时响应。作为示例，在系统100的个人助理应用程序和用户之间可以提供多个通信信道，该通信信道允许用于个人助理应用程序从用户接收自然语言输入(或该自然语言输入对应的用户请求)的至少一个信道，以及用于个人助理应用程序提供对用户的响应的至少一个信道。用户输入例如可以触发一个或多个系统响应(例如包括系统后续响应)，可以在接收随后的用户输入和/或对这些随后的用户输入的响应之前、期间或之后提供该一个或多个系统响应。通过这种方式，用户和个人助理可继续相互间的对话，而无需等待个人助理为用户的任何特定自然语言输入提供响应(或充分响应)。
在一个实现方式中，系统100可以在对在先自然语言输入提供响应(或充分响应)之前继续接收来自用户的自然语言输入和/或响应于来自用户的自然语言输入。当系统100能够获取与在先自然语言输入相关的足够信息以提供充分响应时，系统100可实现随后地提供后续响应。以这种方式，用户和系统100可继续相互间的对话，而无需等待系统100为用户的任何特定自然语言输入提供响应(或充分响应)。例如，用户可以输入一个询问：“JaneDoe的生日是什么时候？”。系统100可以分析该询问，并确定查找该询问的答案的最佳位置是Jane Doe的Facebook的个人资料。但是，一种场景中，系统100的可用网络可能无法访问Facebook(例如由于办公室防火墙)。于是系统100可以用一响应来对用户做出响应，该响应指出目前无法访问Jane Doe的Facebook的个人资料(和/或系统100将在之后答复用户)。然后系统100可以继续与用户进行交互，而不是等待Facebook的用户资料可访问。然而，当系统100最终获取到指明Jane Doe的生日的信息时(例如从Jane Doe的Facebook的个人资料或替选的来源)，系统100可以随后对用户的最初询问做出指明Jane Doe的生日的后续响应。
在一个实现方式中，系统100可以获取与系统100之前已经提供过响应的自然语言输入相关的更新信息。系统100可以基于该更新信息生成后续响应，并提供针对该自然语言输入的后续响应(例如，即使系统100可能已经在之前提供过对该自然语言输入的充分响应)。
例如，用户可以输入询问：“今天回家会花多长时间？”。那么系统100可以询问地图和交通应用程序以基于当前的交通状况提供估计行程时间。由于用户未提供出发时间，当前的估计行程时间可以被认为是充分的响应。用户可以继续与系统100交互，例如设置在回家途中购买生活用品的提醒。用户可能在随后决定使用消息应用程序给他/她的配偶发送指示该用户在回家的路上的消息。在处理该消息后，系统100可以确定用户正在(或即将)开车回家。因此，基于这一确定，无需另外的请求估计行程时间的用户输入，系统100就可以重新评定当前的交通状况，并将估计行程时间作为对用户之前的对到用户家的估计行程时间的询问的后续响应。
在一个实现方式中，系统100可以获取更新的信息并实时提供后续响应(基于更新的信息)。例如，用户可以输入询问：“谁在蒙特卡洛一级方程式比赛中获胜？”在这个实例中，由于参与比赛的车手的位置是变化的，系统100可以持续地为用户提供后续响应，例如：“Felipe Massa当前处于第一的位置”“Lewis Hamilton刚超过Felipe Massa并夺回了第一的位置”等等。例如，在一个实现方式中，关于一级方程式比赛的这些后续响应可以由个人助理在从用户接收到其它自然语言输入(例如与其它用户请求相关的自然语言输入)和/或个人助理对其它自然语言输入进行响应之间提供。
在一个实现方式中，在基于与用户的在先自然语言输入相关的更新信息生成后续响应时，系统100可以在系统100和用户之间的交互会话(例如对话)期间向用户提供后续响应，该交互会话与用户的在先自然语言输入相关或不相关。例如，在接收第一响应(例如“Felipe Massa当前处于第一的位置”)之后，用户可能决定利用与当前一级方程式赛季的队伍和车手的当前排名相关的输入继续与系统100对话。如果在这一对话期间，系统100接收到更新的信息，该更新的信息指示Lewis Hamilton已经超过了Felipe Massa，系统100可以利用一响应(例如“顺便提一句，Lewis Hamilton刚刚已经超过了Felipe Massa并夺回了第一的位置”)中断这一对话以提供该更新的信息，并随后提供对与当前排名相关的用户询问的响应。
可替选地，在一个实现方式中，可以在不考虑交互会话是否与在先自然语言输入相关的情况下实现提供基于更新的信息的后续响应的决定。在接收第一响应之后，用户可能决定设置用户应该参加的各种会议的提醒。如果在这一对话会话中，系统100接收到关于比赛中的位置变化的更新信息，系统100可以中断与提醒相关的会话以提供更新的比赛状态，并随后继续设置提醒。
在另一个实现方式中，关于交互会话的信息(例如与交互会话相关联的上下文信息)可以被用于定制在交互会话期间所提供的(对在先自然语言输入的)后续响应。例如，用户可能在系统100无法访问为询问提供正确答案的最佳资源(例如Facebook个人资料)时已经输入了关于Jane Doe的生日的询问。稍后，如果Jane Doe的Facebook个人资料变得可以访问，系统100可以中断用户可能参与的任何交互会话(例如，即使该会话关于不同的主题，诸如一级方程式比赛)以提供Jane Doe的生日。当识别出当前交互会话的主题与用户的在先询问无关时，系统100可以在通知用户Jane Doe的生日之前，为该中断致歉并提醒用户该在先询问(例如“抱歉打断一下，您之前问过Jane Doe的生日，它是下周三”)。此外，作为示例，如果系统100确定Jane Doe的生日与某个著名的一级方程式车手(例如Nicki Lauda)的生日一样，则在一级方程式比赛的背景下，系统100可以在后续响应中提供这一附加的信息(例如“Jane Doe的生日恰好与Nicki Lauda的生日一样”)。
本文中描述系统100的其它使用情况，且另外的使用情况对于本领域的技术人员将显而易见。已描述了系统功能中的一些功能的高级概述，现在将把注意力转向促进这些功能和其它功能的各个系统部件。
系统部件
系统100可以包括计算机系统104、一个或多个内容提供商160、一个或多个用户设备170、一个或多个搜索引擎180和/或其它部件。计算机系统104可以与一个或多个搜索引擎180接口连接以询问用于提供对自然语言用户输入的响应的信息，和/或与一个或多个内容提供商160接口连接以允许用户访问由一个或多个内容提供商160提供的信息。一个或多个搜索引擎180可以与一个或多个内容提供商接口连接以为计算机系统104提供信息。计算机系统104还可以与一个或多个用户设备170的各个接口接口连接，使得用户可以与计算机系统104交互。
为促进这些和其它功能，计算机系统104可以包括一个或多个计算设备110。每个计算设备110可以包括一个或多个处理器112、一个或多个存储设备114和/或其它部件。
可以通过可存储在一个或多个存储设备114中的一个或多个计算机程序指令来编程一个或多个处理器112。计算机程序指令可以包括(但不限于)用户输入处理指令118、个人资料管理指令120、用户界面指令122、响应指令140和/或其它指令130，这些指令中的每个指令本身可以包括不同的指令集，每个指令集将一个或多个处理器112(以及后文的计算机系统104)编程为执行本文中所描述的一个或多个操作。例如，响应指令140可以包括信息检索指令142和会话上下文确定指令144。当然，其它应用程序可以包括指令118-指令152中的一者或多者以执行本文所描述的一个或多个操作。
在一些实现方式中，给定的用户设备170可以包括给定的计算机设备110。因此，给定的用户设备170可以包括一个或多个处理器112，该处理器112利用一个或多个计算机程序指令(诸如用户输入处理指令118、个人资料管理指令120、用户界面指令122、响应指令140、信息检索指令142、会话上下文确定指令144或其它指令130)来编程。
如在下文中所使用，为了方便，实际上当各种指令可以对一个或多个处理器112(以及后文的计算机系统104)编程以执行操作时，上文指令将被描述成执行该操作。应当理解，通过说明而非限制的方式单独地将各种指令描述成分立的指令集，如可以组合指令中的两者或更多者。
用户输入处理
在一个实现方式中，用户输入处理指令118可以处理用户的一个或多个用户输入，以确定用户提供用户输入时用户所打算的一个或多个用户请求。用户输入可以包括听觉输入(例如，通过麦克风接收的)、视觉输入(例如通过摄像机接收的)、触觉输入(例如通过触摸传感器设备接收的)、嗅觉输入、味觉输入、键盘输入、鼠标输入或其它用户输入。如本文中其它地方所描述的，用户输入处理指令118可以包括与一个或多个语音识别引擎(例如图2中的一个或多个语音识别引擎220)、与一个或多个自然语言处理引擎(例如图2中的一个或多个自然语言处理工具230)、或与用于处理用户输入以确定与用户输入相关的用户请求的其它部件相关联的指令。
在一种使用情况中，如果用户输入是用户发出的自然语言话语，则语音识别引擎可以处理该自然语言话语以识别自然语言话语中的一个或多个词。然后，可以通过自然语言处理引擎来处理所识别出的词连同与用户相关联的上下文信息，以确定用户提供自然语言话语时该用户所打算的用户请求。例如，用户请求的确定可以包括预测用户所打算的一个或多个可能的用户请求、为每个可能的用户请求分配置信度、以及选择具有最高置信度的可能的用户请求作为用户所打算的用户请求。
图2示出了根据本发明的实现方式的用于促进自然语言处理的系统200。如图2中所示，系统200可以包括一个或多个输入设备210、一个或多个语音识别引擎220、一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230、一个或多个应用程序240、一个或多个输出设备250、一个或多个数据库132或其它部件。
在一个实现方式中，系统200的一个或多个部件可以包括图1的一个或多个计算机程序指令和/或利用图1的计算机程序指令编程的一个或多个处理器112。作为示例，一个或多个语音识别引擎220和/或一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230可以包括用户输入处理指令118或其它指令130(例如映射指令、上下文确定指令或其它指令)。
一个或多个输入设备210可以包括听觉输入设备(例如麦克风)、视觉输入设备(例如摄像机)、触觉输入设备(例如触摸传感器)、嗅觉输入设备、味觉输入设备、键盘、鼠标或其它输入设备。在一个或多个输入设备210处接收的输入可被提供给一个或多个语音识别引擎220和/或一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230。
一个或多个语音识别引擎220可以处理从一个或多个输入设备210接收的一个或多个输入以识别由所接收的输入表示的一个或多个词。作为示例，关于听觉输入，一个或多个语音识别引擎220可以处理由听觉输入设备捕获的音频流，以隔离音频流的声音片段。然后利用一个或多个语音模型(例如声学模型、词库列表、语言模型等)处理声音片段(或声音片段的表示)，以识别所接收的输入的一个或多个词。在识别所接收的输入的词后，可以将所识别的词提供给一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230以供后续处理。在其它示例中，一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230可以处理一种或多种其它类型的输入(例如，表示符号语言通信的视觉输入、手势或其它形式的通信)以识别由其它类型的输入表示的一个或多个词。
一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230可以从一个或多个输入设备210、一个或多个语音识别引擎220、一个或多个应用程序240、一个或多个数据库132、或其它部件接收一个或多个输入。作为示例，一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230可以处理从一个或多个输入设备210接收的输入，诸如用户输入(例如声音、非声音等)、基于位置的输入(例如GPS数据、小区ID等)、其它传感器数据输入、或其它输入，以确定与一个或多个用户输入相关联的上下文信息。作为另一示例，一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230可以从一个或多个数据库132获取语法信息、个人资料信息、上下文信息、或其它信息。可以处理所获取的信息(或基于从一个或多个输入设备210确定的上下文信息)以确定与用户的一个或多个用户输入相关联的一个或多个用户请求。在又一个示例中，一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230可以处理来自一个或多个语音识别引擎220的一个或多个所识别的词以及其它信息(例如来自一个或多个输入设备210、一个或多个应用程序240、和/或一个或多个数据库132的信息)以确定与用户的一个或多个用户输入相关联的一个或多个用户请求。
在一个实现方式中，例如如果无法以足够的置信度确定与用户的用户输入相关联的用户请求，则一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230可以通过借助一个或多个输出设备250利用对更多信息的请求进行回应而向用户征求进一步输入，更多信息会有助于处理用户请求等。
在一个实现方式中，在确定用户的用户请求之后，一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230可以确定适合于执行用户请求的应用程序240，并将该用户请求提供给该应用程序以供后续处理。在一个场景中，应用程序240可以将用户请求的一个或多个结果提供给一个或多个输出设备250用以呈现给用户。
在一个实现方式中，应用程序240可以将用户请求的结果提供给一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230以供后续处理。作为示例，用户请求的结果可以包括中间结果，该中间结果作为用于将在另一应用程序240处执行的用户的另一用户请求的参数而被提供。因此，一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230可以基于中间结果生成另一用户请求，并将该另一用户请求提供给另一应用程序240。作为另一示例，一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230可以基于从应用程序240接收的结果来制定自然语言响应，并将该自然语言响应提供给一个或多个输出设备250用以呈现给用户。
在一个实现方式中，在执行用户的用户请求之前，给定应用程序240可以从一个或多个数据库132获取个人资料信息、账户信息或其它信息以验证用户。作为示例，应用程序240可以为给定服务提供商的一部分。因此，在代表用户执行用户请求之前，应用程序240可以确定用户是否有权利用与应用程序240相关联的一个或多个服务。
在一个实现方式中，给定应用程序240可以从一个或多个数据库132和/或一个或多个内容提供商160获取内容以提供用户的用户请求的一个或多个结果。在一个使用情况(其中，用户请求包括播放媒体项目(例如歌曲、视频剪辑、电影等)的命令且应用程序240包括媒体流应用程序)中，应用程序240可以从给定的一个或多个内容提供商160获取媒体项目，并使媒体项目流动到一个或多个输出设备250用以呈现给用户。
在一个实现方式中，一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230、一个或多个应用程序240、或其它部件可以将信息存储在一个或多个数据库132中以供一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230、一个或多个应用程序240、或其它部件后续使用。作为示例，如在本文中其它位置进一步详细描述，一个或多个自然语言处理引擎230可以将关于用户输入的信息存储在一个或多个数据库132中和/或基于关于用户输入的信息更新一个或多个数据库132中的个人资料信息、语法信息、或其它信息。
个人资料管理
在一个实现方式中，可以利用所存储的用户个人资料信息(例如名字、地址、偏好等)来确定用于对用户的自然语言输入做出响应的可用信息的充分性。在一种使用情况中，例如，用户可以借助与该用户相关联的用户设备上的个人助理应用程序请求推荐附近的餐厅。如果，例如用户设备当前无法访问网络(例如用户设备不在它的服务提供商的蜂窝网络范围内)，则个人助理应用程序可以使用用户设备的GPS坐标和预存储的地图数据(例如在离开蜂窝网络范围之前获取的并存储在用户设备上的地图数据)以获取餐厅信息并为用户生成推荐。然而，用户的个人资料信息可能指示用户正请求对至少5英里半径内的餐厅进行搜索(例如，预定义的设置指定5英里半径内的搜索)，而预存储的地图数据可能只允许个人助理应用程序对用户周围2英里半径内的餐厅进行搜索。因此，个人助理应用程序可以确定当前无法访问用于提供充分的响应的足够的信息。尽管个人助理应用程序仍然可以生成具有餐厅推荐的响应，但当个人助理应用程序能够搜索用户周围至少5英里内的餐厅时还可以随后提供附加的和/或更新的推荐。
在一个实现方式中，个人资料管理指令120可以自动设置个人资料信息，诸如用户的家庭地址和/或工作地址。作为示例，可以监控用户的用户设备的位置以确定家庭地址和工作地址。在一种使用情况中，利用指定某个位置对应于用户家庭地址的用户输入，可以基于某个特定位置与用户设备在大多数时间下(与其它地点相比)所处的地点相关联，将该位置设置为用户的家庭地址。当然，可以自动(或手动)设置其它个人资料信息，包括，例如偏好的品牌、偏好的购物地点、尺寸、或与产品或服务相关的其它参数、娱乐爱好、可用设备、与用户相关的历史信息(例如学校、居住或访问的城市等)、和/或与用户相关的其它信息。
用户界面
在一个实现方式中，用户界面指令122可以生成个人助理界面。个人助理界面可以为用户提供与系统100交互的界面。例如，用户可以触摸/轻拍个人用户助理界面上提供的提示/按钮以发起与个人助理的交互。在一个实现方式中，个人助理界面可以为来自用户的自然语言询问提供视觉模式、听觉模式和/或其它模式的响应。例如，个人助理界面可以响应于来自用户的对应询问，向用户显示附近的偏好的购物地点的列表或对于所请求的购物地点的局部地图和/或方向。在一个实现方式中，个人助理界面可以提供来自用户的自然语言输入的视觉(或其它)表示，诸如，音译自然语言输入的文本。相对于图5、图6和图7示出了个人助理界面的示例。
在一个实现方式中，个人助理界面可以与管理用户的请求(例如询问、命令等)和对用户请求的响应的个人助理应用程序相关联。作为示例，在确定用户所打算的用户请求之后，个人助理应用程序可以确定将处理用户请求的应用程序，并向该应用程序提供用户请求。在一种使用情况中，例如，如果用户请求包括播放歌曲的命令，则个人助理应用程序可以向音乐应用程序提供该命令。在另一种使用情况中，如果用户请求包括对天气信息的询问，则个人助理应用程序可以向天气应用程序提供该询问。作为另一示例，个人助理应用程序可以从被个人助理应用程序选择来处理用户请求的应用程序接收(与用户请求相关的)结果，然后再基于该结果生成对用户请求的响应用以呈现给用户。在一个实现方式中，个人助理应用程序可以包括一个或多个用户输入处理指令118、个人资料管理指令120、用户界面指令122、响应指令140或用于管理用户请求和/或对用户请求的响应的其它指令。
在一个实现方式中，个人助理应用程序可以包括可独立于其它应用程序进行操作的应用程序，个人助理应用程序选择该应用程序来处理用户请求和/或个人助理应用程序从该应用程序接收相应的结果。在一种使用情况中，例如个人助理应用程序可以是用作用户和向用户提供服务的子系统(例如第三方应用程序)之间的接口的自主应用程序。
在一个实现方式中，用户界面指令122可以生成个人资料信息管理界面。个人资料信息管理界面可允许用户设置与个人助理相关的个人资料信息。例如，个人资料信息管理界面使用户能够设置默认位置、和/或与用户偏好的产品或服务相关的参数。在一个实现方式中，个人资料信息管理界面使用户能够设置关于个人助理的操作的喜好，诸如，暂停有效通知的时间(例如在会议中或睡眠中等)。
信息检索
在一个实现方式中，信息检索指令142可以使计算机系统104能够检索用于对与用户相关联的自然语言输入进行响应的信息。例如，在一种场景中，用户可以问“最快马拉松的当前世界纪录的保持者是谁”。在响应中，信息检索指令142可以使计算机系统104(或其个人助理应用程序)与一个或多个搜索引擎180交互以检索与该询问相关的信息。通过实施用户界面指令122可以为用户显示检索得到的信息。
在一个实现方式中，信息检索指令142可以使计算机系统104能够确定检索到的信息的充分性。例如，在给定时间内无法访问Jane Doe的Facebook个人资料(例如由于无法访问Facebook)的背景下，信息检索指令142可以使计算机系统104能够确定与信息提供商(例如Facebook)交互时检索到的信息为空。
在一个实现方式中，信息检索指令142可以使计算机系统104能够确定用户请求的信息对应于动态的事件、动作或状态，并因此发生变化。例如在与一级方程式比赛的领先车手相关的询问的背景下，信息检索指令142可以使计算机系统104能够确定一级方程式比赛当前正在进行，以及领先车手在随后可能是不同的。
在一个实现方式中，信息检索指令142可以使计算机系统104能够确定，向自然语言输入提供充分的响应可能需要在随后与一个或多个搜索引擎180或一个或多个内容提供商160交互。例如，在估计行程时间的背景下，信息检索指令142可使计算机系统104能够检索关于用户离开他/她当前位置时的交通的信息以便提供与估计的行程时间相关的更新信息。
会话上下文确定
在一个实现方式中，会话上下文确定指令144可以使计算机系统104能够确定计算机系统104和用户之间的交互会话的上下文。例如，如果用户询问当前正在进行的一级方程式比赛，并随后提供与参与一级方程式比赛的具体车手或队伍相关的附加询问，会话上下文确定指令144可以确定计算机系统104和用户间的交互会话可能特定于一级方程式比赛。作为另一示例，用户可以提供与他的妻子的周年纪念日相关的自然语言输入(例如，“提醒我在1月1日为我妻子买礼物”)，并接着提供与具体购物位置相关的多个自然语言输入(例如“蒂芙尼首饰店铺(Tiffany’s)离这里有多远？”；“到最近的梅西百货(Macy’s)要多久？”；“在我附近10英里半径范围内的最好的面包店是哪家？”等)，会话上下文确定指令144可以使计算机系统104能够确定用户正试图为他的周年纪念日进行准备。
在一个实现方式中，会话上下文确定指令144可以使信息检索指令142能够提供对来自用户的在先自然语言输入的后续响应。例如，用户可以提供与对于Jane Doe的生日的询问相关的自然语言输入。如果Jane Doe的生日的唯一已知来源是Jane Doe的Facebook个人资料，且当前无法访问Facebook个人档案，则在该特定时间计算机系统104可能无法提供充分处理用户询问的响应。然而，随后，当用户与计算机系统104处于关于一级方程式比赛的对话，且Jane Doe的Facebook个人资料变得可以访问时，会话上下文确定指令144可以提示信息检索指令142搜索与Jane Doe的生日相同的一级方程式车手。在与一级方程式比赛相关的对话的背景下，信息检索指令142然后可以使计算机系统104与一个或多个搜索引擎180或一个或多个内容提供商160接口连接，以检索这样的信息，并将该信息提供给用户。
系统架构和配置的示例
可以使用不同的系统架构。例如，可以在用户设备上执行响应指令140(或本文中所描述的其它指令)的全部或一部分。换句话说，所示出的计算设备110可以包括由用户操作的用户设备。在用户设备上执行响应指令140的全部或一部分的实现方式中，用户设备可以与一个或多个搜索引擎180和/或一个或多个内容提供商160接口连接以检索信息、确定与用户的交互会话的上下文和/或执行响应指令140的其它功能/操作。
作为另一示例，可以在服务器设备上执行响应指令140(或本文中所描述的其它指令)的全部或一部分。换句话说，所示出的计算设备110可以包括服务器设备，该服务器设备从由用户操作的用户设备获取用户输入。在服务器设备上执行响应指令140的全部或一部分的实现方式中，服务器可以与一个或多个搜索引擎180和/或一个或多个内容提供商160接口连接，以检索信息、确定与用户的交互会话的上下文和/或执行响应指令140的其它功能/操作。
尽管在图1中被示出为单个部件，但计算机系统104可以包括多个单独部件(例如计算机设备)，每个部件编程有本文中所描述的功能中的至少一些。如所理解的，采用该方式，计算机系统104的一些部件可以执行一些功能，而其它部件可以执行其它功能。一个或多个处理器112可以均包括通过计算机程序指令编程的一个或多个物理处理器。本文中所描述的各种指令仅为示例性的。可以使用其它配置和数目的指令，只要一个或多个处理器112被编程为执行本文中所描述的功能即可。
应当理解，尽管在图1中将各种指令示出为共同位于单个计算设备110内，但是可以使一个或多个指令远离其它指令来执行。例如，如所理解的，计算机系统104的一些计算设备110可以通过一些指令来编程，而其它计算设备110可以通过其它指令来编程。此外，本文中所描述的各种指令仅为示例性的。可以使用其它配置和数目的指令，只要一个或多个处理器112被编程为执行本文中所描述的功能即可。
对本文中所描述的不同指令所提供的功能的描述出于说明性目的，且不意图进行限制，如任何指令可以提供比所描述更多或更少的功能。例如，指令中的一者或多者可以被消除，以及其功能的一些或全部可以由这些指令中的其它指令来提供。作为另一示例，一个或多个处理器112可以通过可执行本文中属于指令之一的一些或全部功能的一个或多个附加指令来编程。
可以将本文中所描述的各种指令存储在存储设备114中，该存储设备114可以包括随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)和/或其它存储器。存储设备可以存储待由一个或多个处理器112执行的计算机程序指令(例如上述指令)以及可由一个或多个处理器112操控的数据。存储设备可以包括软盘、硬盘、光盘、磁带、或用于存储计算机可执行指令和/或数据的其它存储介质。
在图1中所示的各个部件可以借助网络102联接到至少一个其它部件，该网络102例如可以包括如下项中的一者或多者：因特网、内联网、PAN(个人局域网)、LAN(局域网)、WAN(广域网)、SAN(存储区域网)、MAN(城域网)、无线网络、蜂窝通信网络、公用交换电话网、和/或其它网络。在图1和其它附图中，可以使用与所描绘不同数量的实体。此外，根据各种实现方式，本文中所描述的部件可以用硬件和/或配置硬件的软件来实现。
一个或多个用户设备可以包括可通过网络102而与计算机系统104交互的设备。这类一个或多个用户设备可以包括但不限于平板计算设备、智能手机、笔记本计算设备、台式计算设备、能够联网的器械(诸如“智能”电视)、车载计算设备、和/或可与计算机系统104交互的其它设备。
本文中所描述的各种数据库132可以包括或接口连接例如由甲骨文公司在商业上出售的OracleTM关系数据库。也可以使用、合并或访问其它数据库，诸如InformixTM、DB2(Database 2)或其它数据存储器，其包括基于文件(例如逗号或标签分离的文件)、或查询格式、平台、或资源，诸如OLAP(线上分析处理)、SQL(结构化查询语言)、SAN(存储区域网)、Microsoft AccessTM、MySQL、PostgreSQL、HSpace、Apache Cassandra、MongoDB、ApacheCouchDBTM或其它。数据库可以包括一个或多个这类数据库，这些数据库存在于一个或多个物理设备中以及一个或多个物理位置上。数据库可以存储多种数据和/或文件以及相关联的数据或文件描述、管理信息、或任何其它数据。一个或多个数据库132可以被存储在存储设备114和/或计算机系统104可访问的其它存储器中。
示例性流程图
如下流程图描述了可以使用上文详细描述的一些或全部系统部件来完成的操作，以及在一些实现方式中，各个操作可以按不同顺序来执行且各个操作可以被省略。附加操作可以连同在绘制的流程图中所示的一些和全部操作来执行。可以同时执行一个或多个操作。因此，如图所示(以及在下文更详细描述)的操作在本质上为示例性的，因此不应当被视为进行限制。
图3示出了根据本发明的实现方式的提供对与用户相关联的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的方法的流程图。在本文中更详细地描述图3中(和其它附图中)绘制的各种处理数据流。可以使用上文详细描述的一些或全部系统部件来完成所描述的操作，以及在一些实现方式中，各个操作可以按不同顺序来执行且各个操作可以被省略。附加操作可以连同在绘制的流程图中所示的一些和全部操作来执行。可以同时执行一个或多个操作。因此，如图所示(以及在下文更详细描述)的操作在本质上为示例性的，因此不应当被视为进行限制。
在操作301中，在用户设备处可以接收与用户相关联的自然语言输入。在操作302中，可以处理自然语言输入以确定与自然语言话语相关的用户请求。作为示例，可以接收包括自然语言话语的用户输入，并通过语音识别引擎来处理用户输入以识别自然语言话语的一个或多个词。然后，通过自然语言处理引擎来处理所识别的词连同与用户相关联的上下文信息，以确定与自然语言话语相关的用户请求。
在操作303中，可以实行对于当前是否可以访问用于提供对用户请求(或自然语言输入)的充分响应的足够的信息的确定。
在操作311中，当确定当前无法访问用于提供对用户的用户请求的充分响应的足够的信息时(或该信息不可用时)，可以提供指示将提供后续响应的第一响应。第一响应例如可以是指示以下内容的视觉或听觉输出：当前无法访问所请求的信息，以及当所请求的信息可用时将提供所请求的信息。在一个实现方式中，任何可用的信息可以作为第一响应的一部分、连同指示以下内容的消息一起提供给用户：当更多信息变得可用时，随后将提供更多信息。例如，用户可以提供诸如“谁赢了今天的一级方程式比赛？”的询问，如果比赛还在进行中(即缺乏响应询问的足够信息)，则可以提供诸如这样的响应：“今天的一级方程式比赛还未结束，将在比赛结束时提供结果”。
在操作312中，例如当资源(例如Facebook个人资料)变得可用或可访问时，可以随后请求用于提供对用户请求的充分响应的更多信息。在最初确定当前无法访问这样的信息(用于提供充分响应)之后，无需对于该信息的随后的用户请求，就可以例如执行对于该信息的系统请求。
在操作313中，例如从最近可用的或可访问的资源(例如Facebook个人资料)接收用于提供对用户的充分响应的足够的第一信息。
在操作314中，可以将基于第一信息的、对用户请求的第二响应提供给用户。
在操作321中，当确定当前可访问用于提供充分响应的足够的信息(或该信息可用)时，可以获取该信息，并基于所获取的信息可以生成对用户请求的响应(并将该响应提供给用户)。例如，当用户询问Jane Doe的生日，且存储关于Jane Doe生日的信息的数据库可以访问时，则可以获取信息并将该信息提供给用户。
在操作322中，可以随后请求与用户请求相关的附加信息。例如，无需对于附加信息的随后的用户请求，就可以执行对于该附加信息的请求。
在操作323中，可以(例如从搜索引擎或内容提供商)接收与用户请求相关的附加信息。例如，在Jane Doe的生日与Nicki Lauda的生日重合的背景下，可以例如从关于NickiLauda的维基百科(Wikipedia)条目获取该附加的信息。
在操作324中，可以随后(例如用户与个人助理进行关于一级方程式比赛的对话时)提供基于与用户请求相关的附加信息的第二响应。
图4示出了根据本发明实现方式的提供对与用户相关联的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的方法的另一流程图。在操作401中，可以接收用户的自然语言输入。在操作402中，可以处理自然语言输入以确定与自然语言输入相关的用户请求。作为示例，可以接收包括自然语言话语的用户输入并通过语音识别引擎来处理该用户输入以识别自然语言话语的一个或多个词。然后，可以通过自然语言处理引擎来处理所识别的词连同与用户相关联的上下文信息，以确定与自然语言话语相关的用户请求。
在操作403中，可以请求用于提供对用户请求的充分响应的足够的信息。
在操作404中，可以从用户接收一个或多个随后的自然语言输入。在一个实现方式中，可以接收和处理随后的自然语言输入，而不考虑是否已经接收到用于提供对用户请求的充分响应的足够的信息(响应于用于提供对用户请求的充分响应的足够信息的系统请求)和/或是否已向用户提供对用户请求的响应。作为示例，可以启用用户和个人助理应用程序(例如位于计算系统104上)之间的异步双工通信以促进接收和处理自然语言输入以及对用户输入的系统响应。
在操作405中，可以接收用于提供对用户请求的充分响应的足够的第一信息(例如在接收到随后的自然语言输入之后、提供对该随后的自然语言输入的响应之后等)。
在操作406中，可以基于第一信息提供对用户请求的响应。在一个实现方式中，在提供对随后的自然需要输入的响应之后提供基于第一信息的响应。
示例屏幕截图
图5示出了根据本发明的实现方式的用户界面的屏幕截图500，该用户界面提供了指示将提供后续响应的响应。所述屏幕截图可以使用上文具体描述的系统部件的一些或全部来实现。关于屏幕截图500，用户可以提供指示对于Jane Doe生日的用户请求的自然语言输入(例如自然语言话语或其它输入)。响应于自然语言输入，与所描绘的用户界面相关联的应用程序(例如个人助理应用程序)可以提供对来自用户的自然语言输入的第一响应。作为示例，第一响应可以指示缺乏用于提供对自然语言输入的充分响应的足够信息。例如，如果无法访问(例如由于资源故障)用于获取提供对自然语言输入的响应的信息的最佳资源(例如Facebook个人资料)，可以提供指示以下内容的响应：与用户请求相关的足够信息当前不可用，以及当信息变得可用时将提供充分响应。如屏幕截图500中所描绘，对用户请求的响应可以包括缺乏足够信息的原因和将提供后续响应的指示。
图6示出了根据本发明的实现方式的用户界面的屏幕截图600，该用户界面提供了对与用户相关联的在先语言输入的后续响应。所述屏幕截图可使用上文具体描述的系统部件的一些或全部来实现。关于屏幕截图600，继续以图5中的Jane Doe生日为例，可以随后(例如当找到存储关于Jane Doe生日的信息的可用资源时)提供后续响应。如屏幕截图600所指示的，可以在从用户接收一个或多个随后的自然语言输入和/或提供对后续自然语言输入的响应之后提供随后的响应(例如“Jane Doe的生日是10月2日，您想要我设置提醒吗？”)。
图7示出了用户界面的屏幕截图700，该用户界面在不相关的随后的用户输入和/或对随后的用户输入做出的响应之间提供对与用户相关联的在先自然语言输入的后续响应。所述屏幕截图可以使用上文具体描述的系统部件的一些或全部来实现。关于屏幕截图700，用户可以通过提供多个自然语言输入来与系统(或其个人助理应用程序)交互，这导致充分处理输入的即时系统响应。在一些情况下，在用户和系统之间的该交互期间的后续时间，与用户输入相关的更新信息可能变得可用。在这样的情况下，当更新的信息可用时，无需来自用户的提示或随后的相关输入，就可以(以后续响应的形式)向用户实时提供更新的信息(如比赛中车手的位置)。在其它情况下，可以提供基于来自用户的随后的自然语言输入(例如“我正准备回家”)的更新的信息(例如到用户家的当前估计计时间)。
从说明书的考虑和本文中所公开的本发明的实践，本发明的其它实现方式、使用和优势对于本领域的技术人员将显而易见。说明书应当被视为仅示例性的，以及因此意图使本发明的范围仅受所附权利要求限制。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于提供对用户的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的方法，所述方法在具有一个或多个物理处理器的计算机系统上实施，所述一个或多个物理处理器编程有计算机程序指令，所述计算机程序指令在被执行时执行所述方法，所述方法包括：
在所述计算机系统处接收与用户相关联的自然语言输入；
通过所述计算机系统确定所述计算机系统当前是否能够访问用于提供对所述自然语言输入的充分响应的足够的信息；
基于确定当前不能够访问用于提供对所述自然语言输入的充分响应的足够的信息，通过所述计算机系统提供对所述自然语言输入的、指示将提供后续响应的第一响应；
在所述计算机系统处接收用于提供对所述自然语言输入的充分响应的足够的第一信息；以及
通过所述计算机系统基于所述第一信息，提供对所述自然语言输入的第二响应。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在接收到所述第一信息时，实时地向所述用户提供所述第二响应。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，提供对所述自然语言输入的所述第二响应包括：在所述计算机系统和所述用户之间的交互会话期间提供所述第二响应。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，还包括：
通过所述计算机系统确定与所述用户和所述计算机系统之间的所述交互会话相关联的上下文信息；
其中，提供所述第二响应包括：基于所述第一信息和所述上下文信息，提供所述第二响应。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
在接收到所述自然语言输入之后，在所述计算机系统处接收与所述用户相关联的一个或多个随后的自然语言输入；以及
通过所述计算机系统提供对所述一个或多个随后的自然语言输入的一个或多个随后的响应。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中，在提供所述第一响应之后，接收所述一个或多个随后的自然语言输入。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中，在提供所述一个或多个随后的响应之后，提供所述第二响应。
8.一种用于提供对用户的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的系统，所述系统包括：
一个或多个物理处理器，所述一个或多个物理处理器编程有计算机程序指令，所述计算机程序指令在被执行时，使所述一个或多个物理处理器：
接收与用户相关联的自然语言输入；
确定所述系统当前是否能够访问用于提供对所述自然语言输入的充分响应的足够的信息；
基于确定当前不能够访问用于提供对所述自然语言输入的充分响应的足够的信息，通过所述计算机系统提供对所述自然语言输入的、指示将提供后续响应的第一响应；
接收用于提供对所述自然语言输入的充分响应的足够的第一信息；以及
基于所述第一信息，提供对所述自然语言输入的响应。
9.如权利要求8所述的系统，其中，在接收到所述第一信息时，实时地向所述用户提供所述后续响应。
10.如权利要求8所述的系统，其中，提供对所述自然语言输入的所述后续响应包括：在所述计算机系统和所述用户之间的交互会话中提供所述第二响应。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统，其中，所述计算机程序指令还使所述一个或多个物理处理器：
确定与所述计算机系统和所述用户之间的所述交互会话相关联的上下文信息；
其中，提供所述第二响应包括：基于所述第一信息和所述上下文信息，提供所述第二响应。
12.如权利要求8所述的系统，其中，所述计算机程序指令还使所述一个或多个物理处理器：
在接收到所述自然语言输入之后，接收与所述用户相关联的一个或多个随后的自然语言输入；以及
提供对所述一个或多个随后的自然语言输入的一个或多个随后的响应。
13.如权利要求12所述的系统，其中，在提供所述第一响应之后，接收所述一个或多个随后的输入。
14.如权利要求12所述的系统，其中，在提供所述一个或多个随后的响应之后，提供所述第二响应。
15.一种用于提供对用户的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的方法，所述方法在具有一个或多个物理处理器的计算机系统上实施，所述一个或多个物理处理器编程有计算机程序指令，所述计算机程序指令在被执行时执行所述方法，所述方法包括：
在所述计算机系统处接收与用户相关联的自然语言输入；
在接收到所述自然语言输入之后，在所述计算机系统处接收与所述用户相关联的一个或多个随后的自然语言输入；
在所述计算机系统处接收用于提供对所述自然语言输入的充分响应的足够的第一信息；以及
在接收到所述一个或多个随后的自然语言输入之后，通过所述计算机系统基于所述第一信息，提供对所述第一自然语言输入的响应。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：
通过所述计算机系统确定所述计算机系统当前是否能够访问用于提供对所述自然语言输入的充分响应的足够的信息；以及
基于确定当前不能够访问用于提供对所述自然语言输入的充分响应的足够的信息，通过所述计算机系统提供对所述自然语言输入的、指示将提供后续响应的第一响应。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：
通过所述计算机系统提供对所述一个或多个随后的自然语言输入的一个或多个响应；
其中，在提供对所述一个或多个随后的自然语言输入的所述一个或多个响应之后，提供对所述自然语言输入的所述响应。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：
通过所述计算机系统确定与所述计算机系统和所述用户之间的交互会话相关联的上下文信息；
其中，提供所述响应包括：基于所述第一信息和所述上下文信息，提供所述响应。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中，在接收到所述第一信息时，实时地向所述用户提供所述响应。
20.一种用于提供对用户的在先自然语言输入的后续响应的系统，所述系统包括：
一个或多个物理处理器，所述一个或多个物理处理器编程有计算机程序指令，所述计算机程序指令在被执行时，使所述一个或多个物理处理器：
接收与用户相关联的自然语言输入；
在接收到所述自然语言输入之后，接收与所述用户相关联的一个或多个随后的自然语言输入；
接收用于提供对所述自然语言输入的充分响应的足够的第一信息；以及
在接收到所述一个或多个随后的自然语言输入之后，基于所述第一信息提供对所述自然语言输入的响应。
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