CN1097964C - Apparatus and method for formulating an interactive TV signal - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for formulating an interactive TV signal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1097964C
CN1097964C CN95104703A CN95104703A CN1097964C CN 1097964 C CN1097964 C CN 1097964C CN 95104703 A CN95104703 A CN 95104703A CN 95104703 A CN95104703 A CN 95104703A CN 1097964 C CN1097964 C CN 1097964C
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China
Prior art keywords
grouping
module
transmission
video
data
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CN95104703A
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CN1114814A (en
Inventor
J·-R·曼南德
K·约瑟夫
小·A·W·杰苏普
A·M·德尔普希
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OpenTV Inc
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OpenTV Inc
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Priority claimed from US08/234,139 external-priority patent/US5448568A/en
Priority claimed from US08/234,773 external-priority patent/US5548532A/en
Application filed by OpenTV Inc filed Critical OpenTV Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/81Monomedia components thereof
    • H04N21/8166Monomedia components thereof involving executable data, e.g. software
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/14Systems for two-way working
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/235Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/23614Multiplexing of additional data and video streams
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/23614Multiplexing of additional data and video streams
    • H04N21/23617Multiplexing of additional data and video streams by inserting additional data into a data carousel, e.g. inserting software modules into a DVB carousel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/2368Multiplexing of audio and video streams
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2383Channel coding or modulation of digital bit-stream, e.g. QPSK modulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/434Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/4341Demultiplexing of audio and video streams
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/434Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/4348Demultiplexing of additional data and video streams
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/435Processing of additional data, e.g. decrypting of additional data, reconstructing software from modules extracted from the transport stream
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/435Processing of additional data, e.g. decrypting of additional data, reconstructing software from modules extracted from the transport stream
    • H04N21/4351Processing of additional data, e.g. decrypting of additional data, reconstructing software from modules extracted from the transport stream involving reassembling additional data, e.g. rebuilding an executable program from recovered modules
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/24Systems for the transmission of television signals using pulse code modulation
    • H04N7/52Systems for transmission of a pulse code modulated video signal with one or more other pulse code modulated signals, e.g. an audio signal or a synchronizing signal

Abstract

Apparatus and a method for formatting executable codes and data, defining interactive applications, with video and audio program material, for reliable and convenient access includes compressing) audio and video programs according to a protocol such as MPEG. The compressed audio and video (A/V) programs are segmented into transport packets and identified by first and second service identifiers SCIDAi and SCIDVi. Interactive application programs associated with A/V programs are compiled into functional modules and condensed. Further modules designated ''Signal modules'', are generated to condition respective receivers to suspend or resume execution of an interactive application.

Description

Plan a kind of apparatus and method of interactive TV signal
The present invention relates to a kind of system, the signal that this system comprises is for example from the transmitting of satellite, and this signal comprises video, audio frequency and the interactive signal composition as interactive television signals.
Interactive television (TV) system can be by for example US Patent No: known to 5233,654.The described system of this patent comprises the receiver with a computer, and this computer has the memory space of the abundance of storage interactive program (program), though those equipment are used for changing the program with transmission data.In order to make interactive TV that littler cost be arranged, therefore more attract the user to go to accept it, this remains minimum value with regard to wishing with the memory in the receiver, for desirable application, can realize it by launching executable code regularly, and not need this application is stored in the receiver continuously.In fact transmission medium is used as high-capacity storage.
In the process of simplified receiver and corresponding interactive program, under such as such predetermined case of following, must transmit the signal of assisting or program to start certain function at the interface of the noninteractive program composition of interactive program composition back.For example in the interactively program of noninteractive commercial programme pause.
The present invention directly relates to video and executable code of audio program format materialization and data, and the application of defining interactive is in order to equipment and method reliable and convenient transmission.Present device comprises that the audio frequency of compression and the video of compression transmit the information block source.Computer produces the relevant interactive program of Voice ﹠ Video signal with compression, and this interactive program is formed by different modules, and module separately comprises executable code or data, also comprises the catalogue module that links application module.The transmission process apparatus is used for module is grouped into and transmits grouping and will become transmission unit from the transmission grouping grouping of separately module, and forms the auxiliary transmission grouping of the heading message that comprises transmission unit separately.And the video that is provided as separately transmits grouping appointment the 1st identifier code SCID v, for audio frequency separately transmits the 2nd different identifier SCID of grouping appointment aAnd be that separately interactive program transmits grouping and specifies the 3rd different identifier SCID DDevice.A multiplexer transmits grouping with interactive program and transmits the grouping time division multiplexing with Voice ﹠ Video, and in this way, interactive program repeatedly comprises the audio frequency of compression and the vision signal of compression.The inventive method comprises with corresponding grouping and identifier SCID AiForm compressing audio signal and transmit grouping, corresponding grouping comprises the Payload of audio signal data and identifier SCID AiBe used to discern the transmission grouping that comprises the audio frequency component data.The transmission grouping of compressed video signal is by respective packets that has comprised the video data Payload and the identifier SCID that is used to discern the transmission grouping that comprises the video compositional data ViForm.Also formed the interactively application relevant with the Voice ﹠ Video composition.Interactive application is split up into the module of similar computer documents, and module separately comprises executable code or application data.Module separately is divided into one or more integer transmission transmission packets unit that comprise, and each transmits to divide into groups to comprise and is used to discern the identifier SCID that the transmission grouping comprises interactive compositional data DiAlso transmit grouping for separately transmission unit produces another, this other transmission grouping comprises describes the heading message that is included in the transmission of Information unit in the transmission unit separately.And, grouping of Voice ﹠ Video composition and interactive composition grouping time division multiplexing, said interactive composition is grouped in the sequence of transmission units, and corresponding transmission unit adds heading by described other transmission grouping.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done detailed explanation.
Fig. 1 is the block diagram that embodies the interactive TV signal of system of the present invention formation;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that the code/data byte of module is divided into the processing procedure of transmission unit;
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of module;
Fig. 4 is the presentation graphs of transmission unit;
Fig. 5 is the form of expression transmission unit title content;
Fig. 6 is the form of expression catalogue module content;
Fig. 7 is the diagrammatic sketch of the modular composition of interactive application;
Fig. 8 and 9 is that expression is in order to the time division multiplexing of control A/V and the seasonal effect in time series signal waveforms that replaces of module grouping;
Figure 10 is the sequential chart that replaces of time-multiplexed A/V and module grouping;
Figure 11,12 and 13 is the structure charts that transmit grouping;
Figure 14 produces the block diagram that code/data transmit the representative device of grouping;
Figure 15,16 and 17 forms transmission unit and transmits the flow chart of the processing procedure of grouping for module separately.
The present invention will be described under the environment as the compressed digital transmission system of direct broadcasting satellite system.We will suppose that single satellite repeater has enough bandwidth of holding a plurality of corresponding TV programs.Each TV program temporarily compress with time division multiplexing on single transponder.
Referring to Fig. 1, packet multiplexer 16 provides audio-video-interactive mode (AVI) program at its output port.Similarly device 26 produces other avi program.Comprise with audio frequency, video and the program designation that the component of interaction of avi program is relevant is separately provided the transformat that is similar to avi program by SCID by processing unit 27.This program designation and avi program separately are added to other input port of branch of channel multiplexer 28 with the form that transmits grouping.This channel multiplexer 28 can be with separately signal equally time division multiplexing become the known structure of a single signal or can be the multiplexer of a statistics control.The output of multiplexer 28 is connected to a modulator-demodulator, here its suitable for example satellite repeater that is used as.Modulator-demodulator comprises error coding and signal interlaced device (not shown).
Formation by system program controller control AVI.Cyclelog 5 can have a user interface, can select concrete program and corresponding program singal composition by this interface.Cyclelog is specified separately SCID to separately audio frequency, video and interactive composition.Suppose that each receiver is relevant with AVI to determine which SCID with the access program guiding, from the transmitting signal flow that comprises relevant SCID, select to transmit grouping then.The designated different SCID of audio frequency, video and component of interaction is so that the one or more of avi program can utilize from the avi program that replaces easily.For example, consider that two similar TV gaming display are side by side generated, and wish the identical user interactions form of these two mutual use.Can use identical interactive composition very easily by the SCID relevant, if mutual composition is independent of video frequency program substantially with AVI.Use SCID also can be easily with from the audio frequency of a program with from the video editing of another program together.
A given avi program may comprise different signal component sources.Figure 1 illustrates an interactive composition source 10, a video source 17 and the 1st and the 2nd sound source 20 and 23 (sound of two kinds of voice).For the management of time and/or the function that may use, controller 5 is communicated by letter with corresponding signal source.Video signal source 17 is connected to video frequency signal compressor 18, the video compression standard compressed signal that this device proposes according to motion picture expert group (MPEG).Similarly, link separately compression set 21 and 24 from other audio signal source of branch of signal source 20 and 23.These compression sets are according to the audio compress standard compression audio signal separately that is proposed by MPEG.According to the relevant Voice ﹠ Video signal of the stipulations of MPEG and the use synchronised of performance time image (PTS), this PTS is provided by timing unit 15.How temporarily relevant in order to observe Voice ﹠ Video, the reader will note (the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 of relevant international organization; ) standardization motion video and the coding No531 of related audio, (in September, 1993 motion picture expert group MPEG).
The Voice ﹠ Video signal of compression is added to and transmits grouping formation device 19,22 and 25.It is known that Voice ﹠ Video transmits grouping formation device, so just do not described.Grouping forms device the data of compressing is divided into the pay(useful) load of predetermined byte number, and the additional identification title that comprises SCID separately, only says that these are also just enough.For relevant vision signal transmits the particulars that grouping forms device, the reader can be directly with reference to United States Patent (USP) 5,168,356.For time division multiplexing signal component separately, grouping forms device and is connected on the packet multiplexer.For the data of temporary transient stores packetsization to hold other composition of multiplexer service, transmit grouping and form device and can comprise a buffer storage.Grouping forms device and comprises that the grouping ready signal line that is connected on the multiplexer is to show that at this moment grouping is available.
Operate, can be the unit 10 of computer or personal computer (PC) by the programmer, produce interactive program with technique known.This interactive program is hereinafter referred to as used, and is compiled and compresses.Mean compression or convert finer and close language to by compression.The part separately of program is divided into dissimilar modules.Module class is like the file of computer.The 1st type block is a code module, and this module is included in receiver place program calculation element and carries out the necessary executable code of application.The 2nd type module is a data module.Data module comprises the non-executable data that are used to carry out application.Data module is more prone to dynamically than code module, and data module can change during program, and code module generally is constant.
The 3rd type block is marked with signal (SIGNAL).This module is to trigger the grouping of the special use of interrupting, signal can in order to application of synchronized in for example concrete frame of video (being used to play games), (end of application) that perhaps change concrete incident uses.Be to work synchronously by the performance time mark that comprises.When signal time videometer when mark and signaling module performance time mark conforms between now, the systemic-function of programming has just been carried out.
In case module separately is compressed, they are just handled to have formed transmission unit shown in the flow chart of Fig. 2 by interactive composition source 10.Module is from PC storage access { 50}, and stand error coding { 51}.The error checking position is produced and the CRC check position is linked or augment ending { 52} at module data.The CRC check position is added to whole module, that is to say in a preferred embodiment, carries out error coding on whole module, rather than on the section of module.The byte number of forming module is counted that { 53}, and this counting removed by a number N, N equals to be included in the code/data byte that transmits separately in dividing into groups.{ 57} represents a threshold value of the greatest measure of the grouping that each transmission unit is wished to have determined whether transmitting outnumbering of grouping to this merchant by verification.If this merchant has surpassed this threshold value, grouping will be divided into a plurality of transmission units (Fig. 3).Transmission unit (TU) is made up of the transmission grouping (Fig. 4) of integer, and one of them transmits the heading message that grouping comprises relevant TU (transmission unit), and other transmission grouping comprises the section of the byte of module.Transmission unit can comprise equal or the unequal number purpose transmits grouping.The present invention does not determine the best size of TU.The merchant's (adding 1 unit) who determines if being P, best size transmits grouping, so can be removed so that set up the number of transmission unit by P in step 54.In this case, have some TU and last TU with less grouping with P grouping.In addition, the grouping of the transmission in module can equally be divided into the TU of equal sizes.
{ 55} comprises the transmission grouping of integer to determine whether module to carry out verification, do not fill last transmission grouping if there is the sufficient byte in the module, last transmission grouping is done zero filling with empty word, and { so 56} is the module stores of the compression { storage area that 58} is scheduled in memory 11.
The size of transmission unit is determined carefully by the application programmer.Use because AVI can comprise function alternately, module is divided into transmission unit, and therefore the module that replaces can be selected by the receiver user.The module that wherein some replace may be shorter.In order to prevent to have to wait for the transmission of longer program owing to the user thirsts for using short program, this module separately is divided (TU) in flakes, and the sheet of the module that these are different (TU) may interweave.This process has reduced significantly and receives some and replace required time in the module.
Table 1 shown in Figure 5 has been listed the typical types of the heading message that is included in each TU title grouping.It should be noted that title comprises version number.It wherein is when to use during the AVI and made a change in order to be illustrated in performance that version number is included in.Receiver decoder can be arranged to upgrade as response detects the variation of version number the application of execution.The identifier of the similar computer documents of module I D, and provide by the application programmer.Module transmission unit byte offset (offset) is a number, and this number is in order to the byte location in the module of the 1st code/data of the Payload that is illustrated in TU.For example, transmit grouping if each TU comprises 8 codes/data, and code/data transmission grouping comprises 127 code/data bytes, this i TU has 8 * 127 * (i) module transmission unit byte offset.The length of transmission unit (byte) then shows last TU that this TU is a module if less than 8 * 127, is further illustrated in the position of the last code/data byte among the TU.
TU heading message in the Table I is by 10 compilings of interactive composition signal source, and is stored in another zone { 59} in the memory 11 by Memory Controller 12.The information that forms catalogue also is stored in { 60} in the memory 11.
After the application and processing formation of module, interactive composition source 10 forms catalogue module under application programmer's control, and in order to help the receiver application hardware, this catalogue module and application module interact.Table II among Fig. 6 is expressed the representational data that comprise in catalogue module.This catalogue module comprises that one has application identifier AID, expression storage and carries out this field of using required amount of memory and expression is included in the title of field of the number of the module in the application.The data division of catalogue module comprises and is similar to the data of each module of the title data of module separately.A string form is arranged in addition, and it is the list of each application module name of ASCII fromat.
3rd predetermined zone of catalogue module information stores in memory 11.Can programme and divide into groups with transmitting to produce actual transmission unit in interactive mode composition source 10, yet comprise independently code/packet formation device 14 in the embodiment shown in fig. 1.This code/packet forms device by the zone separately of Memory Controller 12 references to storage 11 and generation grouping in the sequence of each application of performance (Fig. 7).In Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, show corresponding module and TU respectively.The grouping that is formed device 14 and provided by grouping is connected to packet multiplexer 16.
According to concrete scheme, packet multiplexer 16 arranges to provide grouping.The video composition of typical A VI program needs maximum channel bandwidth and by the multiplexer-rate that function determined as required video bandwidth.In other words, for the 30th frame at per second provides image, need the average minimum video packets speed of per second P grouping.P is determined by the ratio of width to height of the pattern space resolution of decoding and image or the like.In order to satisfy these needs and to comprise audio frequency and use composition, the exemplary systems of Fig. 1 is multiplexing 2P grouping in per second.Fig. 8,9 and 10 shows Packet Multiplexing form alternately.
Multiplexed format supposition program component shown in Figure 8 comprises only a video and an audio frequency component, and is the same just as typical TV program.Waveform M represents multiplexed speed (rate); Have a grouping to be passed through by multiplexer each transition period for waveform M.Waveform V and A1 represent the multiplexing video and the sequential of audio packet respectively.Voice ﹠ Video is grouping intersected in this example replaces.But can understand that audio packet does not take place with the so high speed of video packets usually.If audio packet does not occur with audio-frequency multiplex speed, multiplexer can carry out such arrangement so that simply do not pass through audio packet in the audio-frequency multiplex time slot, perhaps repeats last audio packet.If channel multiplexer 28 is statistical multiplexer, the time spent is not preferably passed through an audio packet when original grouping.This designs at an easy rate when audio packet is no and to make the grouping ready signal that forms the device generation by audio packet forbid multiplexer during the multiplexing time slot of audio packet.
The multiplexed form supposition program component of Fig. 9 comprises video composition, audio frequency component A1 and the 2nd audio frequency component A2 or interactive data components D.In this multiplexed sequence, for every the transition period of a multiplexed signals vision signal pass through.During the alternately transition period of multiplexed signals, other two compositions replace.Video packets is located alternately to pass through with A2 or D by, audio A 1 at time T 1, T3, T5, T7, T9 or the like.Audio A 1 is passed through at time T 2, T6, T8 and T12, and A2 or D pass through in time T 4 and T12.The time T 8 that is grouped in of having supposed A2 or D in this sequence is no, and multiplexer substitutes with available A1 grouping.After this A1 and A2 or D grouping replaces.
Preferential for Packet Multiplexing during the multiplexing time slot of non-video packets is if the priority of utilization is preferably given higher multiplexing priority to infrequent signal component with grouping.
Figure 10 shows the sequence of some component multiplexings that replace, and all sequence supposition video packets are passed through a video packets every a Packet Multiplexing time slot.Sequence S1 is assumed to video, the 1st and the 2nd audio frequency and data component, illustrates the time durations in even number, and the 1st and the 2nd audio frequency and data D composition rule of classification ground are alternately.Sequence S2 also is assumed to video, the 1st and the 2nd audio frequency and data component.Yet in this sequence, tentation data D needs the higher signal bandwidth.It is to be assigned with once every the time interval of an even number that packet D shows, and audio frequency component alternately occurs in remaining even number time durations simultaneously.Sequence S3 and S4 are assumed to audio frequency component needs obvious bandwidth of Duoing than data component, therefore shows the multiplexing time durations of the even number of having distributed bigger percentage.Can transmit module simultaneously more than 1.If they transmit simultaneously, suggestion is not staggered from the transmission grouping of disparate modules TU in the Packet Multiplexing processing procedure.Yet, may interlock from the whole TU of disparate modules.
Because multiplexed is mature technique, and those those of ordinary skill in Digital Signal Processing are easy to design multiplexer to satisfy concrete needs, so the details of packet multiplexer 16 will not described.Only say following just enoughly, can arrange packet multiplexer 16 to use 3 state logic switches, input port connects one-tenth sub-signal separately and output port is connected to the output port of multiplexer simultaneously.The logic switch that state machine can be arranged priority that control response set up by controller 5 and be formed the corresponding grouping ready signal that device provides by grouping.
Figure 11 shows the typical form of AVI grouping.These groupings comprise the operation layer or the transmission block of the concrete service of the link layer that stops before the transmission and customization.The prefix that transmits in link layer is the field of two bytes, and this field comprises the field of 41 signal P, BB, CF, CS and 12 s' SCID.Signal P, BB, CF and CS are that the control of grouping framing bit, bundle boundary bit, the grouping controlled flag of irregular key and irregular key is synchronous.The typical coding of CF and CS field is according to following relation:
CF CS function
00 use the even number key
01 use the odd number key
10 non-mixed and disorderly groupings
11 non-mixed and disorderly groupings figure 12 illustrates operation layer or transmission block.It comprises the title of 1 byte and the code/data payload of 127 bytes.Title comprises 4 bit fields and 4 the business-type identifier HD that are used for modulus 16 continuitys numeration CC.Be utilized for two types of service of interactive code/packet, according to following regulation, they are discerned by 4 HD fields.
0000 auxiliary packet
0100 basic grouped
The transmission block of basic grouped comprises the HD byte simply, is connected to the block code word of 127 bytes thereafter.Basic grouped is in order to transmitting block code word separately, but do not have the transmission unit heading message.In auxiliary (AUX) grouping, transmit TU title data and any module title.Figure 13 shows the form of the operation layer of typical A UX grouping.
AUX Packet Service layer comprises 1 byte header and CC and HD data.The CC value of all AUX groupings is the unique values such as 0000.Residue 127 bytes of Payload are divided into the instrumental value of one or more variable-size.Each assisted group comprises that the 2 byte header fields that contain two signs MF and CFF, subsidiary field identifier AFID and expression be included into the digital AFS of the quantity of the auxiliary data in variable-length AUX data field.Whether the data that sign MF is illustrated in the AUX data field can change, and CFF represents whether the AUX data field is insert zero.The TU title data is transmitted in an arrangement in the assisted group, concrete assisted group will comprise additional title, comprise the AH and the 2nd 8 bit fields that are included in the CC value of the 1st basic grouped in the transmission unit of 16 bit fields of the grouping number of indication in transmission unit.
Figure 14 shows code/data and transmits the typical embodiment that grouping forms device 14.Grouping forms device and comprises a controller 75, and its is controlled functional ordering of grouping formation and communicates by letter with system program controller 5, Memory Controller 12 and packet multiplexer 16.Controller 75 receives suitable SCID and their grouping prefix data with other is stored in the memory cell 78 from cyclelog 5.By Memory Controller 12, controller 75 is communicated by letter with access application code/data with memory 11, and these application code/data add in two buffer storage 76 and 77 then.The title data that transmits in the AUX grouping adds to buffer 76, and the storage that transmits in basic grouped is in buffer 77.An other memory cell 79 is in order to storage service layer title data HD, and comprises CC counter 80 so that complete.In addition, memory cell 78 and 79 can be the part of the memory of controller 75 inside, and continuity counter 80 can be realized by the software in the controller 75.
The output port of unit 76-80 separately can realize that they all are connected to public output bus with the three condition logical device.Grouped data is accumulated in each unit 76-80 and add to the output bus that divides into groups to form in the sequence under controller 75 control.
This bus is connected to error coding unit 82.Error coding unit 82 produces cyclic redundancy title error checking position (CRCH) and CRCH connected or appends to the AUX grouping on each comprises the assisted group of AUX grouping of AH title.More particularly CRCH encodes on assisted group data field and AH title rather than encodes on the assisted group title.CRCH error checking position appends to assisted group.Produce the crc error code conditionally on the information that the error coding unit also can comprise in the operation layer of basic grouped, and the crc error code is added or be connected to each basic grouped.Dividing into groups then to be connected to may be the buffer storage 81 of first-in first-out FIFO memory.When whole packet memory are in FIFO81, just produce the grouping ready signal.The data-out port of FIFO and grouping ready signal are connected to packet multiplexer 16.
Figure 15,16 and 17 illustrates in greater detail the flow chart that code/packet is handled further.Defined some earlier by the abbreviation that some prefixes letters are formed before this flow chart is discussed, they are:
TU ≡ transmission unit;
The numeration of CC ≡ continuity;
The number of the transmission unit TU of TUN ≡ in module;
TP ≡ transmits grouping;
The number of TP among the TPN ≡ TU;
The length of ML ≡ module (byte);
The operation index of the blocked byte among the transmission unit TU of TPU ≡ in Unit 127.
Figure 15 shows general processing procedure, forms device grouping application separately by this processing procedure grouping.Call transmission medium again and be used as application memory, so i.e. grouping will be repeatedly transmitted in this application.Cyclelog begins the { grouping that 100} uses.Obey this instruction control unit 75 from memory 11 accesses { the number MN of the module of 101} current application, and module heading message, and be stored in the identical buffer 76.{ 102} is 1 in index i setting.Catalogue module is grouped { 103}.The 1st application module is grouped { 105} then.{ 106}, this unit are the countings of the module of grouping so index i increases by 1 unit.In that { 107} carries out verification to judge whether a last application module is grouped.If the last module of using is not grouped, this system advances to step { 105} and the next module of dividing into groups.On the other hand, if last grouping of application module is over, in that { 108} tests { whether 108} is over and done with determine to use the repetition time.If over and done with, system turns back to step, and { { 102} is with this application of grouping again (transmission again) for 101} or step.In addition, if should not have in the past system wait { 109} before this application of dividing into groups again the repetition time.
Figure 16 shows the module grouping information.This subprogram is in that { 121} starts to take out the length M N of module byte, the number TUN of transmission unit in the module and the number TPN of the transmission grouping in transmission unit separately from buffering memory 76.The index of TU is set to zero { 123}, and the general index TPU of further operation is set to zero { 124}.Transmission unit be formed 125}, it comprises the formation of TU title AUX grouping, TPN-1 has the basic grouped of application code/data subsequently.Index TU increases by { a 126} of unit.In that { whether 127} tests with last TU in the determination module and finishes.If also do not have, system enters step, and { 125} if finished, just withdraws from this program.
Figure 17 shows the processing procedure { 125} that produces TU.At the place that begins of each TU, transmission index number TP is set to zero { 136}.Tested { the 137} of this index TP.If this index TP is zero, so formation TU title AUX grouping 151-157}, otherwise form a basic grouped { 138-146}.For the AUX grouping information, the linking layer prefix that comprises SCID is from memory 151 access { 151}.Fixing AUX CC value is also by access { 152}, and appending on the prefix.AUX Packet Service layer title HD be next step access 154} and be attached to prefix and AUX CC after.Assisted group title forms or from storage access { 155}, and being attached to after prefix, CC and the title HD.Calculating AH title data also is attached to after the assisted group title.{ 156} also appends to after the AH title AUX data relevant with the assisted group title from storage access.In that { 157} tests to determine whether in AUX grouping other assisted group being arranged.If other assisted group is arranged, this system enter step 155}, otherwise, enter step { 147}.
If basic grouped forms, promptly TP is not equal to zero, and { 138} and CC{139} take out from memory or controller 75 suitable prefix data, and CC is additional to this prefix.CC increases by the 1 { 140} of unit.Basic grouped operation layer title HD is removed and appends to CC and goes up { 141}.Index TPU is deducted from block length and in that { 127} tests to determine whether to be worth to be divided into the residue module byte of a whole group.If the byte (127 bytes in this example) that has grouping to be worth is taken out { 143} and additional to HD from memory 77.Index TPU increases 127{145}.
In addition, if remainder bytes is less than a complete grouping in module, remaining module byte is removed and appends to title HD{144}.Index TPU is set to ML{146} and the incomplete sign of grouping is set.
After each grouping forms (AUX or basic), they are in that { 147} is tested to determine whether they are filled.If not then will zero being filled into essential byte number (127).Index TP increases by the 1 { 148} of unit.Basic grouped can be by the coding of crc error selectively { 158}, but performed error coding some repetition a little on whole module.The crc error coding may add to the application data part and/or the operation layer title (CC and HD) of each grouping at least.If carried out CRC, the CRC check position will add to the grouped data byte.
The crc error coding is done in the AUX grouping on assisted group data field and auxiliary title AH, the CRCH fault bit is additional to assisted group.
Index TP is in that { 150} is detected processed with the last grouping that determines whether TU.If also do not have, { 137-149}, if treated, system is withdrawn into step { 126} to form next grouping.
Preamble has been introduced the processing of grouping module seriatim.Yet it should be noted that compiling author alternating share of design module (TU) at an easy rate after the compiling of using; Utilize the total amount of data to be grouped into substantially then or the indication of AUX grouping comes the arranging data total amount.In this case, grouping forms the such indication of device response and form relevant data in AUX or basic grouped.
The application of avi program is repeatedly transmitted.Chuan Shu periodicity is determined by the programmer again, and this periodically is the required bandwidth of bandwidth, the higher priority AVI composition of channel, is included in the function of the scale of total data in the application and the buffer storage in decoder.The transmission again of using can be finished like this: the sequential of design packet multiplexer with produce desirable application under the speed of transmission rate serve as again use distribute be scheduled to multiplexed during.
Some situations are like this arranged, and interactively in this case program can produce undesirable demonstration.Consider such situation, interactive program causes the demonstration of image overlapping on relevant video image.Suppose in video, to comprise noninteractive commercial programme.Interactive program is had no idea to judge the video source that has changed and is not needed ground to show the overlapping video image continuously on commercial programme.
If new interactive program (program), catalogue will change, and this variation will make the variation of the vigilant program of receiver, abandon current rating program and will support new program nominally this variation will cause receiver.Yet such situation can take place, and new program needs little memory space, and plans to return to old program and only use very short gap.What more wish in this case is the program of suspending current execution simply, rather than abandons it, and this is because the time-delay that recovers again to use may be undesirable length.Also have such situation, promptly use and to know when finish application or when restart to carry out application.All these situations can utilize making of signaling module to be used for addressing (addressed).
Signaling module can be data module or executable program.If the former, by it can comprise simply in order to the code of the time of regulating current application or other types in a predetermined manner (for example self termination or suspend to carry out or recover and carry out) respond.If the latter, it may be a program of adjusting the current state of the application that receiver carrying out with storage in the past, abandon current application then and support the application of up-to-date transmission, perhaps suspend and carry out current application and from memory, remove it, or only suspend and carry out or the like.
The sequential of signal packets and relevant video or audio frequency or can have several method to produce synchronously.At first it may be that the appearance of concrete beginning or title or the like code relevant with the audio or video signal is carried out able to programmely.The second, be to appear in the audio or video data, or in the scheduled time gap of the similar PTS in the audio or video data, it may comprise PTS (performance time mark) and carry out able to programmely as similar PTS.The 3rd, be can execution able to programme immediately for receiving.Under preceding two kinds of situations, appear at before the incident of programming as long as receive, the position of the signal packets in packet data streams is not very strict just.Under the 3rd kind of situation, the position of signal procedure grouping is just important aspect the result of influence hope.
If avi program is made up of the institute of part separately relevant with different interactive program or non-interactive type program, just think that avi program is segmentation.One has the part 1 relevant with interactive program, the part 2 relevant with the non-interactive type commercial programme and the program of the third part of the continuity of relevant part 1 has three segmentations with interactive program.If signaling module with the third method make program change (promptly commercial programme begin suspend to carry out), it must be in enough fronts that second segmentation occurs in program data stream, so that receiver free response signal program when second segmentation occurs.
The signaling module that comprises simple control word or sequence can be included among the individual signals grouping of the complete module composition that contains catalogue and title.This single signal packets is an auxiliary packet, and this grouping will produce the interruption of processing procedure to the reception of receiver.Respond this interruption, receiver will begin the suitable action by the signaling module indication.If signaling module is an executable program, it can comprise a plurality of groupings, but the grouping of the title of module is an auxiliary packet.In this case, auxiliary packet also can make receiver interrupt to begin suitable action.
If system shown in Figure 1 produces the interactive program of the video of segmentation, the programmer who operates this system can control this interactive mode composition source 10 and be inserted into appropriate signals module in the signal flow to produce in appropriate circumstances by cyclelog 5.In addition, consider that being convenient to edit some AVI that write down in advance and/or non-avi program for example has segmentation video signal A VI program so that produce by option program segmentation from a plurality of storage signals.Editing device may comprise the other memory cell that contains the signaling module of selecting pre-grouping in this case.At the interface, edit routine will be selected suitable pre-grouping signaling module, and be inserted in editor's the product between each block of the program product of editing.In fact, the pre-grouping signaling module of selection can repeatedly insert with predetermined interval.The insertion that repeats can be used for the probability strengthening receiving and/or can be used as implicit signal.In the latter's situation, only when signaling module repeated with preset frequency, receiver can be programmed to carry out a certain function by the signaling module indication.When this frequency is interrupted, receiver can be programmed to return to the just processing of used mode before the reception of signaling module.
Term in claim subsequently " vision signal of segmentation " means that vision signal is made up of separately part or segmentation, wherein some are relevant with interactive program, wherein some and different interactive program about or and interactive program irrelevant.

Claims (21)

1. produce the device of interactive audio/video program, it is characterized in that:
The video of the vision signal of compression transmits the signal source (19) of grouping;
The audio frequency of the audio signal of compression transmits the signal source (22,25) of grouping;
In order to the computer (10) of generation with the interactive program of the Voice ﹠ Video signal correction of described compression, said interactive program is to be formed by different modules, each said module comprises executable code or data, also comprises the catalogue module that links application module;
Be coupled the grouping formation device (14) that is used for receiving described interactive program, described grouping forms device (14) and is arranged to:
Described module is packaged into interactive program transmits bag,
With exchanger transmit bag by each module be grouped into transmission unit and
Form the auxiliary transmission bag that comprises heading message for each transmission unit;
Device (5),
With thinking that video separately transmits grouping appointment the 1st identifier code SCID v,
For the 2nd different identifier code SCID is specified in audio frequency transmission grouping separately a, and
For the 3rd different identifier code SCID is specified in interactive program transmission grouping separately D
Be coupled the multiplexer (16) that is used for receiving described audio frequency, video and interactive program transmission bag, wherein said multiplexer is configured to the described interactive program transmission of time division multiplexing bag and described audio frequency, video transmission bag in such a way: promptly make interactive program repeatedly be included in described compressed audio and the compressed video signal.
2. according to the device of claim 1, the feature that wherein said grouping forms device (14) also is: to carry out the error coding device (82) of error coding heading message independently at auxiliary each transmission unit that transmits in the grouping.
3. according to the device of claim 2, it is characterized in that: if be current spendable more than the transmission unit of 1 module, so said grouping forms device (14) and is adjusted with will be staggered from the complete transmission unit of disparate modules, but forbid will be staggered from the transmission grouping of different transmission units.
4. according to the device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said grouping forms device (14) and is conditioned so that the transmission unit of catalogue module, executable code module and the transmission unit of data module to be provided by described order.
5. according to the device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said grouping forms the transmission grouping formation transmission unit of device (14) from integer, and does not have the transmission grouping of the transmission unit of enough module datas to fill with zero word.
6. according to the device of claim 1, its feature also is: the continuity counter is in order to the counting modulus N, N is positive integer, comprise the transmission grouping in succession of the application module data of removing described auxiliary transmission grouping, and described grouping form device (14) be included in the described transmission grouping relevant described in succession count value and be included in all auxiliary predetermined count values that transmit in the grouping.
7. according to the device of claim 1, its feature also is: error coding device (10) produces the error checking position and links the error checking position on corresponding described module gives corresponding module.
8. according to the device of claim 1, its feature also is:
Be used to regulate the signal source that receiver apparatus makes it to suspend or handle again the signaling module of interactive program; And
Wherein said grouping forms device (14) the said module of dividing into groups;
Described multiplexer (16) time division multiplexing interactive program transmits the segmentation grouping of grouping and relevant compressing audio signal and corresponding compressed video signal, also comprises the execution of the interactive program that the grouping of the signaling module relevant with the segmentation of compressed video signal and programming are correlated with influence and prior to the segmentation that separately segmentation variation is taken place.
9. device according to Claim 8, it is characterized in that: said compressed video signal comprises the 1st and the 2nd in succession segmentation, said the 1st segmentation is relevant with interactive program, the 2nd segmentation and interactive program are irrelevant, and described multiplexer comprises the signaling module that contains code word conditionally, and this code word is handled the interactive program relevant with the 1st segmentation with receiver apparatus is suspended when the 2nd segmentation occurs.
10. device according to Claim 8, it is characterized in that: the vision signal of said compression comprises the 1st and the 2nd in succession segmentation, the 1st segmentation is relevant with the 1st interactive program, the 2nd segmentation is relevant with the 2nd interactive program, wherein said multiplexer is conditioned so that comprise the signaling module that contains code word, described code word will be conditioned so that receiver apparatus is stored the relevant treatment state data of handling the current state of the 1st interactive program when the 2nd segmentation occurs, and removes the 1st interactive program then and packs into and carry out the 2nd interactive program.
11. device according to Claim 8, it is characterized in that: the signal source of signaling module is a computer, it inserts time mark in signaling module, the concrete frame of the vision signal of this time mark and compression has relation, and makes the segmentation of the vision signal of described signaling module and described compression change execution synchronously.
12. the method for the audio frequency of transmission of audio-video-interactive program, video and interactive composition is characterized in that:
Form the transmission grouping of compressing audio signal, these groupings comprise the Payload of audio signal data and comprise the identifier SCID of the transmission grouping of audio frequency component data in order to identification Ai
Form the transmission grouping of compressed video signal, these groupings comprise the identifier SCID of the Payload of video data and the transmission grouping that identification comprises the video compositional data Vi
Produce the interactive program relevant with the audio or video composition;
Interactive application is segmented into the module of the file of similar computer, and corresponding module comprises executable code or application data;
Dividing corresponding module becomes one or more transmission transmission packets unit that comprise integer, and each transmits grouping and comprises that identification comprises the identifier SCID of the transmission grouping of interactive compositional data Di
Produce the other transmission grouping of corresponding transmission unit, this other transmission grouping comprises the transmission of Information unit title information that is described in the respective transmissions unit;
With time division multiplexing Voice ﹠ Video composition grouping and interactive composition grouping, described interactive composition is grouped in accordingly in the sequence by the transmission unit of other transmission grouping Attach Title.
13. the method according to claim 12 is characterized in that:
Said SCID Di, SCID AiAnd SCID ViIt is different values.
14. the method according to claim 12 is characterized in that: described other grouping is the auxiliary grouping that transmits, and the auxiliary method that transmits grouping of generation comprises:
Said SCID is provided Di, predetermined fixing continuity count value CC and the data-word HD of auxiliary packet type, and link this count value CC and auxiliary packet categorical data word HD to identifier SCID DiOn.
Generation comprises the assisted group of assisted group data field and assisted group title, said assisted group title comprises the code word AFID that identification is included in the data in the said assisted group data field, and the byte number of the data of field AFS indication in said assisted group data field, and link assisted group title is to SCID Di, on CC and the HD data; With
In the assisted group data field, comprise the transmission unit heading message.
15. the method according to claim 14 is characterized in that: produce the auxiliary method that transmits grouping and also comprise:
Produce other assisted group header field AH, it comprises the 2nd field of the 1st field of the transmission grouping number of indication in the transmission unit of correspondence and the continuity count value that the 1st transmission of indication transmission unit is divided into groups after occurring assisting the transmission grouping.
16. according to the method for claim 12, its feature also is following steps:
Interlock the different whole transmission units of module and the corresponding transmission grouping of the different transmission unit that do not interlock.
17. the method according to claim 12 is characterized in that:
Form catalogue module, it comprises the data of the module that indication comprises in application;
Catalogue module is formed in transmission unit and the transmission grouping; With
Time division multiplexing catalogue module and audio frequency and video composition grouping before the module of multiplexed described interactive application.
18. according to the method for claim 17, its feature also is: the transmission unit of repeatedly multiplexed described catalogue module and described application module and Voice ﹠ Video composition are as audio video interactive program.
19. according to the method for claim 12 or 14, its feature also is: to each module error coding, and link error checking position is on each this module.
20. the method according to claim 12 is characterized in that:
Produce signaling module so that receiver apparatus is conditioned to suspend or to handle interactive program again;
Form the transmission grouping of interactive application and signaling module;
Time division multiplexing Voice ﹠ Video composition transmits grouping and transmits grouping with relevant interactive application, and the insertion signaling module transmission relevant with the variation of the video segmentation of segmentation divided into groups so that make corresponding receiver be conditioned with time-out or restart in the interactive application of segmentation variation place separately.
21. the method according to claim 20 is characterized in that: said signal file and interactive program file are carried out error coding and linked the error checking position to the file of the error coding of correspondence.
CN95104703A 1994-04-28 1995-04-27 Apparatus and method for formulating an interactive TV signal Expired - Lifetime CN1097964C (en)

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