The ZSM-5 molecular sieve with small crystal grains catalytic dewaxing catalyst
The present invention relates to particularly lubricating oil distillate catalytic dewaxing catalyst and preparation method thereof of distillate.
Need carry out dewaxing treatment when producing lubricant base and low-coagulation diesel oil, with low-temperature fluidity and the reduction diesel oil zero pour of improving lube product with waxy feeds oil.In lubricating oil dewaxing technology, catalytic dewaxing is a kind of than solvent dewaxing technology flexibly, its dewaxing principle is under certain operational condition, raw material is mixed with hydrogen pass through beds, in this bed, normal paraffin in the raw material and short-side chain isoparaffin generation hydrocracking reaction generate low molecular hydrocarbon, and other component does not change substantially, finally reaches the purpose that reduces pour point (or condensation point).
In order to improve the catalytic dewaxing selectivity, catalyst system therefor generally is a molecular sieve catalyst, and this molecular sieve can allow normal paraffin and short-side chain isoparaffin to enter in its duct, and hyperbranched isoparaffin, naphthenic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbons exclusion.Used molecular sieve has ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-23, ZSM-35 and ZSM-38 etc.U.S. Pat 3,894,938; 4,176,050; 4,181,598; 4,222,855; 4,229,282 and 4,247,388 pairs of above-mentioned molecular sieves should be used as detailed descriptionthe.
Because catalytic dewaxing is that the wax molecule is cracked into small molecule hydrocarbon gas in the stock oil, separates from oil product, certainly will cause certain liquid to receive (liquid product total recovery) and lubricating oil distillate loss like this.The liquid of WITH CATALYTIC DEWAXING TECHNIQUE process is received and yield of lubricating oil wax content and the operational condition, depends primarily on the essence of catalytic dewaxing catalyst in depending on raw material.
US 4,574,043 discloses the dewaxing process of a kind of hydrocracking unconverted oil (tail oil) on the 0.57%Pt/ZSM-22 catalyzer, though can improve liquid receives, but because catalyzer has used precious metal, cost is very high, and the impact resistance of poisoning easily is poor, environment for use is required harshness, make its practical application be subjected to great restriction.
The lubricating oil catalytic dewaxing catalyzer that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of activity, selectivity and have good stability, the characteristics of this catalyzer are to have adopted the ZSM-5 molecular sieve of little crystal grain, with this catalyzer hydrocracking tail oil is dewaxed, can obtain higher liquid yield and lubricating oil distillate yield.
The principal element that influences the catalytic dewaxing catalyst performance is the character of ZSM-5 molecular sieve.By intensive research, we find under the identical situation of character such as molecular sieve silica alumina ratio, degree of crystallinity, foreign matter content, and the zeolite crystal size is unusual significant effects factor.Since in lubricating oil distillate and the diesel oil bigger alkane molecule in the ZSM-5 molecular sieve pore passage velocity of diffusion much smaller than cracking speed, so reaction is by diffusion control.Because little crystal grain zeolite (grain size is 0.1~0.5 μ m) catalyst surface area is big, the active centre is many, the big crystal grain zeolite (grain size is generally 1~3 μ m) of alkane molecular diffusion required time to the active centre will be lacked, like this, the activity of little crystal grain zeolite catalyst is just higher, the duct of little crystal grain zeolite is short simultaneously, a crackate also is easier to spread out, avoid staying the long period and secondary cracking takes place, thereby cause aerogenesis to reduce, therefore can increase substantially liquid and receive and yield of lubricating oil.
Catalyzer of the present invention is to adopt ZSM-5 molecular sieve with small crystal grains and aluminum oxide caking agent and make, and the aluminum oxide caking agent can adopt general aluminum oxide, but adopts acid weak aluminum oxide better effects if.
The present invention in conjunction with prior art and by following measures to achieve the above object.
(1) selecting grain size is the ZSM-5 molecular sieve of 0.1~0.5 μ m, and silica alumina ratio is generally 50~120 because higher silica alumina ratio is arranged, its acidity a little less than.
(2) select a kind of acidity than common Al
2O
3Weak carborization aluminum oxide is as tackiness agent.This aluminum oxide is by making with sodium metaaluminate in the carbonic acid gas.
Because selected ZSM-5 molecular sieve and carborization aluminum oxide acidity are all lower, handle (purpose is to remove strong acid center) so need not to carry out high-temperature vapor behind the shaping of catalyst, take simple sinter process to get final product.
Catalyzer of the present invention consists of:
HZSM-5 (to carrier), 65-85m%
Al
2O
3(to carrier), 15-35m%
WO
3(to catalyzer), 10-18m%
NiO (to catalyzer), 2.0-6.0m%
Wherein: the crystal grain of HZSM-5 is 0.1~0.5 μ m, SiO
2/ Al
2O
3Than being 50~120;
Al
2O
3Aluminum oxide for carborization production.
The physico-chemical property of catalyzer of the present invention:
Pore volume, 0.10-0.30cm
3/ g
Specific surface, 180-300m
2/ g
Tap density, 0.88-0.95g/cm
3,
Preparation of catalysts method of the present invention
Appropriate amount of alumina and aqueous nitric acid are mixed, make tackiness agent, and add the ZSM-5 zeolite in proportion, mix and pinch evenly, extruded moulding, carrier is made in wet bar drying (80~120 ℃), roasting (480~580 ℃), and carrier floods (1~4 hour) in the aqueous solution that contains a certain amount of tungsten salt and nickel salt, filtration, dry (40~110 ℃), roasting (480~600 ℃) makes finished catalyst.
Said tungsten salt and nickel salt preferably are respectively ammonium metawolframate and nickelous nitrate.
In above-mentioned preparation method, used ZSM-5 zeolite crystal degree size is 0.1~0.5 μ m, SiO
2/ Al
2O
3(mol ratio) is 50~120.Aluminum oxide is the carborization aluminum oxide.
The character of catalyzer of the present invention is as follows:
Form and character | Index |
Component concentration HZSM-5 (to carrier), m% Al
2O
3(to carrier), m% WO
3(to carrier), m% NiO (to carrier), m% physico-chemical property: pore volume, cm
3/ g specific surface, m
2/ g tap density, g/cm
3 | 65-85 15-35 10-18 2.0-6.0 0.10-0.30 180-300 0.88-0.95 |
Catalyzer of the present invention can be used for especially hydrocracking unconverted oil of distillate (tail oil) catalytic dewaxing process, can be under than the demulcent processing condition, above-mentioned raw materials is processed into the low lubricant base that coagulates, keeps higher liquid yield and lubricating oil distillate yield simultaneously.
Embodiment 1
(1) gets carborization aluminum oxide 55.6g (moisture 30m%), add 65.5g water purification and 7.4ml concentrated nitric acid, mix, cook composite adhesives.
(2) getting HZSM-5 (silica alumina ratio is 110, grain size average out to 0.2 μ m) 100g and above-mentioned tackiness agent mixes and to pinch extruded moulding.
(3) wet bar is under 100 ± 10 ℃ of conditions dry 4 hours, and roasting is 3 hours under 540 ℃ of conditions, makes carrier.
(4) preparation steeping fluid is got ammonium metawolframate and nickelous nitrate is some, adds in the water purification WO in the solution
3Form definite by the catalyst metal of carrier water-intake rate and requirement with the concentration of NiO.
(5) above-mentioned carrier is put into steeping fluid, flooded 2 hours, solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 2.Filter then, 100 ℃ of dryings, 540 ℃ of roastings, final catalyzer.With this catalyzer Maoming hydrocracking tail oil is carried out catalytic dewaxing test, catalyzer physico-chemical property, test conditions and test-results see Table 1 and table 2.
Embodiment 2
(1) gets carborization aluminum oxide 37.1g, add 69.7g water purification and the dense HNO3 of 7.4ml and mix, cook composite adhesives.
(2) getting HZSM-5 (silica alumina ratio is 120, grain size average out to 0.2 μ m) 114.3g and above-mentioned tackiness agent mixes and to pinch extruded moulding.
Following steps are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
(1) gets carborization aluminum oxide 64.8g, add 63.0g water purification and the dense HNO3 of 7.4ml and mix, cook composite adhesives.
(2) getting HZSM-5 (silica alumina ratio is 70, grain size average out to 0.4 μ m) 92.8g and above-mentioned tackiness agent mixes and to pinch extruded moulding.
Following steps are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
(1) gets carborization aluminum oxide 46.3g, add 67.7g water purification and the dense HNO3 of 7.4ml and mix, cook composite adhesives.
(2) getting HZSM-5 (silica alumina ratio is 80, grain size average out to 0.4 μ m) 107.1g and above-mentioned tackiness agent mixes and to pinch extruded moulding.
Following steps are with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
Identical with embodiment 1 catalyzer composition and preparation condition, just zeolite crystal varies in size, used around here ZSM-5 zeolite crystal size average out to 2.0 μ m, and silica alumina ratio is 100, makes reference catalyst.With this catalyzer Maoming hydrocracking tail oil is carried out the catalytic dewaxing test, see Table 1.
Table 1 catalyst property and evaluation result
Catalyzer | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Comparative example 1 |
Zeolite type zeolite content (to carrier), m% average crystal grain size, SiO in the μ m zeolite
2/Al
2O
3NiO (to catalyzer), m% WO
3(to catalyzer), m% pore volume, cm
3/ g specific surface, m
2/ g mean pore size, the nm tap density, g/cm
3 | ZSM-5 72.0 0.2 110 5.40 12.82 0.189 242.8 2.31 0.89 | ZSM-5 81.5 0.2 120 5.38 14.85 0.180 229.7 2.40 0.92 | ZSM-5 67.2 0.4 70 4.15 13.81 0.183 239.2 2.29 0.91. | ZSM-5 76.8 0.4 80 3.41 16.09 0.193 247.8 2.45 0.94 | ZSM-5 72.0 2.0 100 4.82 15.25 0.157 206 2.26 0.95 |
Table 2 catalyst reaction The performance test results
The activity rating processing condition | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Comparative example 1 |
Pressure, MPa temperature, ℃ air speed, h
-1(v) product distributes hydrogen-oil ratio, m% C
1-C
4 C
5-180 ℃ of 180-320 ℃>320 ℃ (lubricating oil distillate) liquid are received, m%>320 ℃ cut oiliness pour point, ℃ kinematic viscosity, mm
240 ℃ of viscosity indexs of/s
| 8.0 310 1.0 800 17.0 17.9 1.1 64.0 83.0 -15 19.21 122 | 8.0 310 1.0 800 16.8 18.3 1.2 63.7 82.8 -17 18.81 121 | 8.0 310 1.0 800 18.5 19.1 1.1 62.5 80.1 -16 19.01 120 | 8.0 310 1.0 800 17.7 18.8 1.4 62.1 80.4 -16 19.28 120 | 8.0 310 1.0 800 26.1 14.5 1.0 58.4 73.9 -18 22.60 119 |
As seen from Table 2, catalytic dewaxing catalyst C of the present invention
1-C
4Gas yield is low, and liquid is received and reached more than the 80m%, and than the high approximately 6~9m% of reference catalyst,>320 ℃ of lubricating oil distillate yields also improve a lot, and the basic oiliness of lubricating oil distillate is suitable with reference catalyst gained data.The little crystal grain zeolite catalyst of this presentation of results is better than big crystal grain zeolite catalyst.
Table 3 stock oil character
Title | Maoming petro-chemical corporation hydrocracking tail oil |
Density (20 ℃), kg/m
3Boiling range, ℃ IBP/10% 30%/50% 70%/90% 95%/EBP sulphur, μ g/g nitrogen, μ g/g kinematic viscosity, mm
250 ℃ of 100 ℃ of pour points of/s, ℃ wax content, m%
| 831.4 330/370 392/412 438/478 496/519 8.0 1.5 11.88 3.897 37 22.8 |