CN1108049C - 点到点因特网协议 - Google Patents

点到点因特网协议 Download PDF

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CN1108049C
CN1108049C CN96197195A CN96197195A CN1108049C CN 1108049 C CN1108049 C CN 1108049C CN 96197195 A CN96197195 A CN 96197195A CN 96197195 A CN96197195 A CN 96197195A CN 1108049 C CN1108049 C CN 1108049C
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CN1197567A (zh
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格恩·W·胡顿
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NetSpeak Corp
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Abstract

一种点到点因特网协议，交换单元间的因特网协议(IP)地址以通过因特网建立起处理单元之间的点到点通信连接。根据公开的协议，通过了一种用于通过计算机网络定位用户处理的方法，该用户处理具有动态分配的网络协议地址，该步骤包括：(a).在计算机存储器中保持一个入口汇编，每个入口包括与计算机网络相连的用户处理的一个网络协议地址。及(b)响应请求用户处理器的对入口中的一个的标识，向请求用户处理提供被标识入口的网络协议地址。根据本发明的实施例，提供了一种计算机系统，它具有一个声音传感器和一个显示设备，并与计算机网络上的其它计算机系统和服务器相连，该系统具有：(a).通过计算机网络从第一处理向第二客户处理发送包括网络协议地址的电子邮件信号的装置；(b).通过计算机网络接收来自于第二处理的第二网络协议地址的装置；及(c).响应第二网络协议地址，通过计算机网络建立起第一处理和第二处理之间的点到点通信连接的装置。

Description

点到点因特网协议
本发明一般涉及数据处理系统，尤其涉及易于通过计算机网络进行声音通信的方法和装置。
随着在线服务，如AMERICA ONLINETM，COMPUSERVE及其他的服务，如因特网关等的不断普及，促进了用于向在线用户提供包括视频及音频剪裁板在内的多媒体应用。在线语音剪裁板应用的一个例子是″SimpleUtilities Send Voice E-mail Online″，MULTIMEDIA WORLD，VOL.2，NO.9，August 1995，p.52 Bonzi Software VOICE E-MAIL FOR WINCIM and VOICEE-MAIL FOR AMERICA ON LINETM。通过使用这种语音电子邮件软件，用户可以建立一个声音邮件，并将其发送到由该用户所指定的某预定的电子邮件地址。
一般的，与因特网相连的设备与其他在线服务是通过建立各自的设备地址而进行通信的。一种设备地址类型是因特网协议(IP)地址，它是指向与IP地址相关的设备的指针。一个典型的设备可能具有一个串行线因特网协议或点到点协议(SLIP/PPP)及用于通过因特网接收电子邮件、音频邮件等的永久IP地址。电子邮件及音频邮件一般用于传送文本，声音等信息及一般被认为是通信的产物或者甚至是对接收者来说毫无用处的路由选择信息如IP地址及路由选择标题。
象公司的主计算机和服务器这样的设备可能包括许多用于将用户连接到因特网上去的调制解调器及分配给每个用户的临时IP地址。例如主计算机可能具有一个总IP地址″xxx.xxx.xxx″，每个用户可能被分配给顺序的IP地址xxx.xxx.xxx.10，xxx.xxx.xxx.11，xxx.xxx.xxx.12等。这些临时HP地址可以被重新分配和循环分配给用户，例如当每个用户顺次的与一个外部用户相连接时。例如，公司的一个主计算机可以支持最多254个IP地址，这些地址被与主计算机相连的设备公用及共享。
访问因特网的用户及设备的永久HP地址一般都支持音频和视频信号通过因特网进行的点到点通信。例如，通过使用专用HP地址及称为反射器的机制，可以实现实时视频远程会议。
在“Internetworkingwith TCP/IP”，2nd Edition，by DouglasE.Comer，November 1992，Prentice Hall，Englewood Cliffs，NewJersey，U.S.A中，公开了一种匹配域名和因特网协议地址的技术，其中描述了一种域名系统及用于将域名与网络地址进行匹配的名称服务程序协作系统。每个名称服务程序用于将域名与IP地址匹配起来。但是，comer所描述的系统不能应用于网络节点的网络名称或名称与地址的约束关系变化频繁的情况。
国际公开文本WO 92/19054公开了一种网络监视系统，它包括一个地址跟踪模块，用于被动地监视局域网上所有的分组通信以保持一个IP地址匹配名称表。所公开的地址跟踪模块仅能监视局域网上的少量节点，并且不适合于广域网上的大量节点。
以上所描述的系统都不能适用于具有动态被分配网络协议地址及通过广域或全球网络进行通信的处理。
由于访问因特网的一些设备的临时H P地址的动态特性，一般很难做到实时地进行视频和音频的点到点通信。
本发明克服了现有技术中的上述缺陷，并能达到以上所描述的要求。本发明提供了一种目录服务应用，用于为当前连接到计算机网络上的客户处理提供动态被分配网络协议地址。根据一种定位计算机网络上的一个处理的方法实施例，其中该计算机网络应用网络协议地址来指定处理在网络上的位置及用于保持对应于一个或多个处理的信息的服务器，其特征在于：(a)当将一个处理连接到计算机网络上时，接收与该处理相关的电子邮件地址及动态被分配的网络协议地址；(b)在计算机存储器中保持一个网络可访问入口汇编，每个入口包括与当前连接到计算机网络上的一个处理相关的电子邮件地址和相应的网络协议地址；(c)从当前与计算机网络相连的一个处理接收请求，该请求包括标识另外一个处理的信息；(d)将标识另外一个处理的信息与入口汇编进行比较；及(e)响应由请求处理对一个入口汇编的标识，提供一个与由该请求处理所标识的处理相关的电子邮件地址和网络协议地址。
根据本发明的另一实施例，提供了一种服务器装置，它与计算机网络相连以定位计算机网络上的一个处理，包括一个处理器，与处理器相连的存储器及一个网络接口和ID，其进一步特征在于：(a)当将一个处理连接到计算机网络上时，接收与该处理相关的电子邮件地址及动态被分配的网络协议地址的装置；(b)在计算机存储器中保持一个网络可访问入口汇编的装置，每个入口包括与当前连接到计算机网络上的一个处理相关的电子邮件地址和相应的网络协议地址；(c)从当前与计算机网络相连的一个处理接收请求的装置，该请求包括标识另外一个处理的信息；(d)将标识另外一个处理的信息与入口汇编进行比较的装置；及(e)响应由请求处理对一个入口汇编的标识，提供一个与由该请求处理所标识的处理相关的电子邮件地址和网络协议地址的装置。
根据本发明的另一实施例，建立点到点通信连接的计算机系统包括：(a)从第一处理向一个服务器发送一个查询的装置，该查询是关于第二处理是否与计算机网络相连的查询；(b)当第二处理与计算机网络相连时从服务器接收第二处理的网络协议地址的装置；及(c)响应第二处理的网络协议地址，建立起计算机网络上的第一处理和第二处理之间的点到点通信连接的装置。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，提供了一个计算机系统，该系统具有一个声音传感器及一个显示设备，该系统通过计算机网络与其他计算机和一个服务器相连，该系统包括：(a)通过计算机网络将包括第一处理的网络协议地址的电子邮件信号发送给第二处理的装置；(b)通过计算机网络接收来自于第二处理器的第二网络协议地址；及(c)响应第二网络协议地址要求通过计算机网络在第一处理和第二处理之间建立通信连接的装置。
通过参考以下结合附图对本发明实施例的详细描述，本发明的特点将更加清楚，也更好理解。其中：
图1示出了用方框图的形式所表示的使用所公开的点到点因特网协议的系统；
图2示出了用方框图的形式所表示的使用第二个点到点因特网协议的系统；
图3示出了用方框图的形式所表示的使用图1和2所建立的点到点因特网协议的系统；
图4是图1和图2的系统进行所建立的声音通讯时的另一个方框图；
图5示出了一个处理单元的显示屏面；
图6示出了一个处理单元的另一个显示屏面；
图7示出了进行点到点因特网协议的初始化的流程图；
图8示出了初级点到点因特网协议的执行流程图；及
图9示出了二级点到点因特网协议的执行流程图。
现在详细参考附图，相同的参考标记标识相似或者相同的单元，如图1所示，这里所揭示的发明描述了一种点到点网络协议及使用该协议的系统10。
在一个实施例中，系统10包括一个第一处理单元12，用于从第一个用户向第二个用户发送至少一个音频信号。第一处理单元12包括一个处理器14、一个存储器16、一个输入设备18及一个输出设备20。输出设备20包括至少一个具有，例如，14.4kb通信速率的调制解调器，该调制解调器用于通过有线及/或无线通信方式与因特网或其他的计算机网络例如企业内部网，即个人计算机网络相连。本领域熟练的技术人员将能够理解输入设备18至少可以由输出设备20的调制解调器部分地执行以使来自于通信连接的输入信号可以被接收。第二处理单元22可以具有一个处理器、存储器、输入设备及输出设备，如上所描述的第一处理单元12那样包括至少一个调制解调器及相关的通信连接。在一个实施例中，每个处理单元12，22可以执行NetSpeak Corporation，Boca Raton，FL的WEBFHONETM因特网电话应用，该应用能够实现所公开的点到点因特网协议及在此所描述的系统10。
第一处理单元12及第二处理单元20用于通过本技术领域所知的通信设备及软件与因特网24相连，例如通过因特网服务器提供商(ISP)或因特网网关。处理单元12，22可以通过因特网24与连接服务器26相连，并与和因特网24相连的邮件服务器28相连。
连接服务器26包括一个处理器30，一个定时器32，用于生成时间标记，及一个存储器，如用于存储，例如，电子邮件及登录单元的因特网协议(IP)地址的数据库34.在一个实施例中连接服务器26可以是一个SPARC 5服务器或一个SPARC 20服务器，它们均来自于SUN MICROSYSTEMS，INC，MOUNTAIN VIEW，CA，并具有一个中央处理单元(CPU)如处理器30，操作系统(OS)如UNIX，提供定时操作如保持定时器32，硬盘驱动器或固定驱动器，动态随机访问存储器(DRAM)，用于存储数据库34，一个键盘及显示和/或其它输入输出设备(未显示在图1中).数据库可以是ORACEL或INFORMIX的SQL数据库.
在实施例中，邮件服务器28可以是POST OFFICE PROTOCAL(POP)VERSION 3邮件服务器，它包括处理器，存储器，所存储的在UNIX或其它OS环境下的程序，以处理因特网24上的设备与处理单元之间的电子邮件。
第一处理单元12可以通过以下结合图6的计算机程序来执行所公开的点到点因特网协议，该程序可以通过对用C++编程语言所编写的源代码进行编译和/或解释而得以实现，也可以从外部计算机下载到第一处理单元12。操作计算机的程序可以存放在存储器16中，该存储器可以包括大约8MB RAM和/或一个具有8MB空间的硬盘或固定磁盘驱动器.可选择的，源代码在第一处理单元12中可以以固件，以可擦除只读存储器(EPROM)等的形式实现.本领域的技术人员可以理解，还可以用除C++以外其它编程语言来实现所公开的点到点网络协议和系统10。
处理器14通过输入设备接收与第一处理单元12相关的第一用户的输入命令和数据，该输入设备可以是通过有线，光，或无线连接进行电磁传输的连接的输入口，也可以是可移动存储介质，如软盘，磁带，压缩磁盘或包括来自于第一用户的输入数据的其它存储介质。
输入设备18可以包括一个用户界面(未示出)，该用户界面例如具有至少一个按钮，由用户激活后用于输入命令以从多个操作模式中选择从而操作第一处理单元12。在另一实施例中，输入设备18包括一个键盘，一个鼠标，一个触摸屏，及/或一个数据读取设备，例如磁盘驱动器以从存储在存储介质例如软盘或8mm存储带上的输入数据文件中接收输入数据。输入设备18还选择性地包括与其它计算机系统的连接以接收其输入命令和数据。
第一处理单元12可以包括一个和以下所述的图5-6的那些屏幕相似的可视界面；用于与输入设备18及输出设备20一同使用。还应理解，可以用替换的设备来接收用户的命令和数据，如键盘，鼠标设备，及MICROSOFTCorporation，Redmond，WA的WINDOWSTM3.1等的图形用户界面(GUI)，及其它操作系统和GUI，例如IBM CORPORATION，Boca Raton，FL的OS/2和OS/2WARP。处理单元12还包括麦克风及/或电话手机，以接收声音音频数据及命令，此外，还包括语音或音频识别设备，基于双音多频(DTMF)的设备，及/或本领域所知的软件以接收音频数据及命令和操作第一处理单元12。
另外，第一处理单元12或第二处理单元22之一可以用个人数字助理(PDA)来实现，该PDA提供了调制解调器及电子邮件功能和因特网访问功能，PDA提供了可以用鼠标进行交互或用有触摸屏功能的输入/输出屏幕，如图5-6所示，把输入设备18和输出设备20的功能组合在一起。
为了清楚地说明，这里所公开的点到点因特网协议和系统10的实施例以各功能块的形式表示，可以包括标号为“处理器”及“处理单元”的功能块。这些块所表示的功能可以通过使用包括但不限于可以执行软件的共享或专用硬件来提供。例如，这里所表示的每个处理器和处理单元的功能可由共享处理器或多个单个处理器来提供。而且，这里具有标号的功能块的使用不限于仅指可以执行软件的硬件。实施例还包括数字信号处理器(DSP)硬件，如AT&T DSP16或DSP32C，只读存储器(ROM)，用于存储执行以下所描述的操作的软件，及存储DSP结果的随机访问存储器(RAM)。还可以提供超大规模集成(VLSI)硬件实施例，及用户订制VLSI电路和通用DSP电路。所有这些实施例的任一个都可以认为是在这里所使用的功能块的标号的含义范围内。
处理单元12，22能够建立呼叫，与和因特网24相连的其它处理单元相连，例如通过拨号SLIP/PPP线路。在实施例中，每个处理单元为每个呼叫分配一个不带符号的长通话序号，如以*.INI文件形式表示的32位长序列。每个呼叫可以被顺序地分配一个顺序通话序号，该序号被各处理单元使用以将呼叫与一条SLIP/PPP线路关联起来，将一个<ConnectOK>响应信号与一个<Connect Request>信号关联起来，并允许执行如下所描述的在会议线路上进行进网(inbound)会话和出网(outbound)会话的多路复用和多路分解。
对于具有固定的IP地址的接线者(或被呼叫)处理单元，呼叫者(或呼叫)处理单元打开一个“套接字(socket)”即一个用于标识数据发送到何处的文件句柄或地址，并发送一个<call>命令以建立与接线者应用之间的通信，例如，与数据报服务建立通信，该数据报服务可以是因特网标准网络分层及传输分层，该两个分层包括位于IP之上的传输控制协议(TCP)或用户数据报协议(UDP)。典型地，具有固定IP地址的处理单元具有至少一个开放式套接字(open socket)，被呼叫处理单元等待<cal1>命令以将开放式套接字分配给输入信号。若所有线路在使用，则接线者处理单元发送一个BUSY信号或消息给接线者处理单元。如图1所示，当接线者处理单元没有固定的或预定的IP地址时，这里所公开的点到点因特网协议和系统10工作。在实施例中，不失一般性，第一处理单元12是呼叫者处理单元，第二处理单元22是被呼叫处理单元。当处理单元12，22之一通过拨号连接登录到因特网上时，由连接服务提供者为各单元提供一个动态分配的IP地址。
当第一用户登录到因特网24上时，响应第一用户初始化点到点因特网协议，第一处理单元12自动地将其相关的电子邮件地址和其动态被分配的IP地址传送给连接服务器26。然后连接服务器26在数据库34中存储这些地址及使用定时器32时间标记(time stamps)所存储的地址。这样操作第一处理单元12的第一用户就在数据库34中作为一个有效的可以使用所公开的点到点因特网协议进行通信的在线用户而建立起来。相似地，操作第二处理单元22的第二个用户，在通过连接服务提供者与因特网24连接完之后，被连接服务器26所处理，并在数据库34中作为活动在线用户而建立起来。
连接服务器26可以使用时间标记来更新每个处理单元的状态，例如两个小时后更新，以使存储在数据库34中的在线状态信息相对来说是最新的。系统操作者亦可以配置其它预定的时间期间，如缺省值24小时。
第一处理单元12的第一用户使用，例如，图5-6所示的被输入设备18及/或输出设备20分别标记为[SDN]和[SPD][N]的发送命令及/或快速拨第N个所存储的序号的命令来初始化一个呼叫。响应发送或快速拨号命令，第一处理单元12从存储器16中检索与第N个存储序号相对应的所存储的接线者的电子邮件地址。可选择地，第一用户可以直接输入接线者的电子邮件地址。
接着，第一处理单元12向连接服务器26发送一个包括接线者的电子邮件地址的查询。连接服务器26接着查找数据库34以通过查找对应于接线者的电子邮件地址的、标志着接线者现在处于活动状态并且在线的任何存储的信息来确定接线者是否登录了。若接线者是活动的并且在线，则连接服务器26执行一级点到点因特网协议，即从数据库34中检索接线者的IP地址，并将之发送到第一处理单元12。接着，第一处理单元12使用接线者的IP地址直接建立与接线者之间的点到点因特网通信。
若当连接服务器26确定接线者状态时接线者不在线，则连接服务器向第一处理单元12发送一个OFFLINE信号或消息。第一处理单元也可以向第一用户显示诸如“被呼叫用户离线”等消息。
当用户退出或从因特网24离线时，连接服务器26更新数据库34中的用户状态，如通过删去用户信息或将用户标志为离线。连接服务器26可能被指示用离线消息来更新数据库34中的用户信息，该离线消息可以是一个数据分组，在从连接服务器26断开之前自动地从用户处理单元发送。从而，离线用户实际上已不可能建立及/或接收到点到点因特网通信。
如图2-4所示，所公开的二级点到点因特网协议可能作为以上所描述的一级点到点因特网协议的替代，例如，若连接服务器处于没有响应，未工作，及/或不能执行一级点到点因特网协议等不响应状态时。可选择地，所公开的二级点到点因特网协议可以独立于一级点到点因特网协议而使用。在所公开的二级点到点因特网协议中，第一处理单元12通过因特网上的电子邮件向邮件服务器28发送一个<Connect Request>消息。例如，包括<Connect Request>消息的电子邮件可以包括主题
[*WP#xxxxxxxx#nnn.nnn.nnn#emailAddr]其中，nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn是第一个用户的当前(如临时或永久)IP地址，xxxxxxxx是一个通话序号，它可能是唯一的，并与第一个用户请求相关，以初始化与第二个用户之间的点到点通信。
如上所述，响应一个未成功的试图执行一级点到点因特网协议的操作，第一处理单元可能发送一个<Connect Request>消息，可选择地，响应第一用户初始化一个SEND命令或其它，第一处理单元12可能发送<ConnectRequest>消息。
通过电子邮件把<Connect Request>发送出去后，第一处理单元12打开一个套接字并等待控测来自于第二处理单元22的响应。超时定时器，如定时器32，可由第一处理单元12以本技术领域周知的方式进行设置，以等待一个预定的时间间隔来接收<ConnectOK>信号。第一处理单元12的处理器14可以使输出设备20向用户输出一个响铃信号，如大约每3秒钟一次的可听到的响铃声。例如，处理器14可能输出一个标记为RING.WAV的*.WAV文件，它由输出设备20来处理以输出一个可听到的响铃声。
接着邮件服务器28每隔3-5秒查询第二处理单元22以发送电子邮件。一般地，第二处理单元22检测输入线路，例如以规则的时间间隔等待并检测有无通过因特网24从邮件服务器28输入的电子邮件。
典型地，为了将电子邮件发送到具有相关的与用于操作因特网网关的主计算机或服务器相连的处理单元的用户，特定用户的电子邮件可能通过因特网24直接发送到永久IP地址或SLIP/PPP指定的主计算机，然后该主计算机为特定用户的处理单元分配一个临时IP地址以正确地路由选择电子邮件。电子邮件信号可能包括名称或其它指定，如标识特定用户的用户名称，而不管分配给用户的处理单元，即主计算机可能跟踪和存储特定用户被分配或登录的特定设备，而不依赖于IP地址系统，从而主计算机将电子邮件信号转发到特定用户的设备，那时为特定用户和设备生成或分配一个临时IP地址。
从第一处理单元12检测和/或接收到输入电子邮件信号后，第二处理单元22可能分配或被分配一个临时IP地址。因此通过因特网24发送电子邮件为第二处理单元22提供了通话信号及第一处理单元和第二处理单元的IP地址。
通过由处理单元22处理电子邮件信号以抽出包括第一处理单元12的IP地址和通话序号的<Connect Request>消息，来建立起点到点通信。第二处理单元22接着打开一个套接字，并生成一个<ConnectOK>响应信号，该信号包括第二处理单元22的临时IP地址及第一处理单元的通话序号。
不需通过邮件服务器28处理，第2处理单元20把<connectOK>信号直接通过因特网24发送到第一处理单元12IP地址，第二处理器单元22的超时定时器可能被设置为等待并检测从第一处理单元12所发出的<Call>信号。
不需要为用户或处理单元12，22分配永久IP地址，就可以在因特网上建立实时的声音信号及视频和音频邮件的点到点连接。在实时点到点连接期间，不管当前的IP地址是永久的(即预定义的或预分配的)还是临时的(即通过初始化点到点的通信而分配的)，处理单元12，22的当前IP地址的相对永久性是充分的。
在实施例中，操作第一处理单元12的第一用户不需由第一处理单元12通知如下信息，即生成并发送一个电子邮件以与第二处理单元22的第二用户建立点到点连接。相似地，第二用户不需被第二处理单元22通知如下信息：即已接收到一个电子邮件并/或有一个临时IP地址与第二处理单元22相关联。不需显示对于任何一个用户的电子邮件的交互，在由第一用户自动地初始化点到点通信命令后处理单元12，22就可执行所公开的点到点因特网协议。因此，所公开的点到点因特网协议对用户来说是透明的。可选择地，第一和第二用户任一个可以，例如，接收一个在处理单元12，22的各自输出设备的显示屏上显示的简短消息“CONNECTION IN PROGRESS”等。
初始化根据附图1-2所描述的一级或二级点到点因特网协议后，因特网上的点到点通信连接就建立起来了，其方式与现有技术一样，如图3-4所示。例如，参照图3，从第二处理单元22接到<ConnectOK>信号后，第一处理单元12抽出第二处理单元22的IP地址及通话序号，接着检查从第二处理单元22发送的通话序号与从第一处理单元12原始发送的以电子邮件出现的<ConnectRequest>消息中的通话序号是否一致。若发送的通话序号与由处理单元12所接收的通话序号一致，则第一处理单元12直接通过因特网24向第二处理单元22发送一个<Call>信号，即使用向第一处理单元12提供的<ConnectOK>信号中的第二处理单元22IP地址。
接到<Call>信号后，第二处理单元22开始一个响铃序列，例如，通过指示或通知第二用户接收一个输入呼叫。单词“CALL”例如可以显示在第二处理单元22的输出设备上。第二用户接着激活第二处理单元22接收输入呼叫。
参照图4，第二处理单元22接到输入呼叫之后，在第一和第二用户之间通过因特网24以周知的方式开始实时的声音和/或视频会话，例如通过压缩的数字声音信号。每个处理单元12，22还向各用户显示单词“IN USE”以指示已建立点到点通信连接，以及声音或视频信号正在传输。
另外，某用户可能通过，例如，激活中断命令中断点到点通信，该操作通过激活位于各自服务器上的[END]按钮或图标，使各处理单元发送一个[END]信号，以使两个处理单元中断各自的套接字，及执行各自的清除命令和周知的函数。
图5-6示出了提供所公开的点到点因特网协议及系统10的图1-4的每个处理单元12，22的各输出设备所输出信息的显示屏面36。这种显示屏面可以以周知的方式显示在个人计算机(PC)或PDA显示器上。
如图5所示，第一显示屏面包括一个状态区38，用于指示，例如用名称和/或IP地址或电话号码表示的被呼叫用户，当前功能如C2，当前时间，当前操作状态如“IN USE”，及其它控制图标如向下箭头图标40，用于向下滚动处于当前会议线路上的用户列表。操作状态可以包括如下通知如“INUSE”，“IDLE”，“BUSY”，“NO ANSWER”，“OFFLINE”，“CALL”，“DIALING”，“MESSAGES”及“SPEEDDIAL”。
显示屏面36的其它区域包括用于激活命令或输入数据的激活区或图标。例如，显示屏面包括一组以纵横形式排列的包括数字0-9及命令END，SND，HLD等的命令的图标集42。例如END及SND命令可以被初始化为如上描述那样，HLD图标44激活后可以将当前行保存。这些图标也可配置为实际上是模拟电话手机或蜂窝电话界面以方便使用，还可模拟键盘上的功能键。例如，图标标号L1-L4可以用于与标准PC键盘上的功能键F1-F4相匹配，图标C1-C3可以用于执行组合功能键的功能，如分别完成CTRL-F1，CTRL-F2及CTRL-F3的功能。另外，图标标号L1-L4及C1-C3可以包括电路区，用于模拟发光二极管(LEDs)，以标明由各图标所代表的功能或单元被激活或被执行。
图标C1-C4可以代表呼叫者可用的4条线路，图标C1-C3可以代表使用至少一条线路连接，例如，一个电话呼叫中的两个或更多用户的会议呼叫。图标L1-L4及C1-C3可以标识各条线路或会议线路的活动状态。例如，如图5所示，图标L1-L2可能被轻微地变暗或具有带颜色的边，如绿边，这标明线路1及2都在使用，而图标L3-L4具有很深的阴影或有色边，如红或黑边，这标明线路3和4都不在使用。相似的，图标标号C2的轻微的阴影也标明对应于C2的功能被激活，如在38的状态中所另外标明的那样，而具有很深阴影边的图标标号C1和C3标明与它们相对应的功能是不活动的。
图标43用于与状态区38一起使用。例如使用用于输入的鼠标，通过按下鼠标右键5秒钟可以激活正在使用的、由轻微的带颜色的图标边所标明正在使用的一个线路以标识用户名，直到另一个鼠标点击被按下，或按下[ESC]键或图标。从而，用户可以在各线路的正在处理的多个呼叫间切换。
使用图标及鼠标等输入设备，如果知道被呼叫用户的名称时通过手工输入被呼叫用户的名称，通过使用快速拨号特征，或通过双击存储在存储器中目录中的一个入口，如第一处理单元12的存储器16，其中目录入口可以通过使用状态区38及下行箭头图标40来滚动，来输入被呼叫用户的名称，则用户可以输入其名称或别名或IP地址。
一旦被呼叫用户作为某条线路上的活动用户被列在状态区38，则用户可以通过点击和拖动由简化图标46所代表的状态区38来将被呼叫用户转换到其它线路或会议线路上。将简化图标46拖到线路图标L1-L4的任一个将使正在使用的被呼叫用户转换到被选中的线路上，将简化图标46拖到会议图标C1-C3的任一个将把被呼叫用户加到被选中的会议呼叫上。
图标48-52等也支持其它特征，例如，图标48对应于退出处理单元的通信功能的ALT-X命令，图标50对应于通过处理单元的输出设备将显示屏面36缩小或放大的ALT-M命令。图标52对应于OPEN命令，例如对应于按下键盘上的0键以扩大或压缩显示屏面36从而表示打开和关闭蜂窝电话。“打开”配置显示于图5，“关闭”配置示于图6。在“打开”配置中，具有附加的特征如输出音量(VOL)控制，输入麦克风(MIC)控制，波形(WAV)声音控制等。
使用示于图5-6的显示屏面，使用户可以方便地实现各不同特征。本领域技术人员可以理解这些附加的特征可以由处理单元12，22支持。
可选择地，本领域技术人员可以做到使处理单元12，22在硬件上具有图5-6的显示屏面的特征，即有线电话或蜂窝电话可以包括对应于图5-6的图标和特征的各键，LEDs，液晶显示屏(LCDs)及触摸屏传动装置。另外，PC可以具有与示于图5-6中的图标和特征匹配的键盘上的键及鼠标。
参照图7，说明所公开的点到点因特网协议和系统10。在步骤56，通过从第一处理单元12向连接服务器26发送一个查询，第一处理单元初始化一个点到点因特网协议。在步骤58，若连接服务器26可以执行点到点因特网协议，则第一处理单元12从连接服务器26接收到一个在线状态信号，该信号可以包括接线者的IP地址或“接线者离线”消息。接着，在步骤60，第一处理单元12执行一级点到点因特网协议，包括：若接线者是活动的并且在线，则在第一处理单元12接收接线者的IP地址。可选择地，在步骤62，若被呼叫用户是非活动的和/或在线，则处理单元60初始化和执行二级点到点因特网协议。
现在参照图8及图1，3-4，说明所公开的点到点因特网协议和系统10。在步骤64，连接服务器26开始点到点因特网协议。在步骤66，在数据库34中时间标记和存储登录用户和处理单元的电子邮件和IP地址。在步骤68，连接服务器26从第一处理单元22接收一个查询，确定第二用户或第二处理单元22是否登录在因特网24上，其中第二用户例如用电子邮件地址来指定。在步骤70，若所指定的用户登录在因特网上，则连接服务器26从数据库34中检索所指定用户的IP地址，并在步骤72将所检索的IP地址发送到第一处理单元12以确保第一处理单元12建立起与所指定的第二用户点到点通信。
所公开的二级点到点因特网协议操作如图9所示。步骤76中，第一处理单元12生成一个电子邮件信号，包括对应于第一处理单元的通话序号和第一IP地址。在步骤78，第一处理单元12将如<ConnectRequest>信号之类的电子邮件信号发送给因特网24。在步骤80，使用邮件服务器将电子邮件信号通过因特网24发送到第二处理单元22。在步骤82，第二处理单元22从电子邮件信号中抽出通知序号和第一IP地址。并且在步骤84，通过因特网24向第一处理单元12回传或发送与第二处理单元对应的通话序号和第二IP地址。在步骤86中，第一处理单元12检验从第二处理单元22所接收的通话序号。在步骤88，使用第一和第二IP地址在第一处理单元12和第二处理单元22之间建立点到点因特网通信连接。
尽管参照优选实施例对所公开的点到点因特网协议和系统进行了特别描述，本领域技术人员将能理解，在不偏离本发明的范围和精神情况下，可以对它进行形式和细节的种种修改。因此，以上所建议的但不局限的修改都在本发明的范围之内。

Claims (26)

1.一种定位计算机网络上的一个处理的方法，该计算机网络使用网络协议地址来指定网络上一个处理的位置及保持对应于一个或多个处理的信息的一个服务器，其特征在于：
(a)当将一个处理连接到计算机网络上时，接收与该处理相关的电子邮件地址及动态被分配的网络协议地址；
(b)在计算机存储器中保持一个网络可访问入口汇编，每个入口包括与当前连接到计算机网络(66)上的一个处理相关的电子邮件地址和相应的网络协议地址；
(c)从当前与计算机网络相连的一个处理接收请求，该请求包括标识另外一个处理(68)的信息；
(d)将标识另外一个处理的信息与入口汇编进行比较；及
(e)响应由请求处理对一个入口汇编的标识，提供一个与由该请求处理(72)所标识的处理相关的电子邮件地址和网络协议地址。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括步骤：
(f)从与汇编入口中的一个入口相关的处理接收关于该处理从计算机网络中断开的通知。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，进一步包括步骤：
(g)修改与从计算机网络中断开的处理相关的汇编入口的状态。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中b步骤进一步包括步骤：
当接收到与当前连接到计算机网络上的一个处理相关的电子邮件地址和动态可分配网络协议地址时，时间标记一个入口；及
监视入口汇编中入口的时间标记值。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中b步骤进一步包括步骤：
根据与汇编入口相关的时间标记值修改一个汇编入口的状态。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中网络协议地址包括因特网协议地址。
7.与计算机网络(24)相连的，用于定位计算机网络上的一个处理(22)的服务器装置(26)，该装置包括处理器(30)，与处理器相连的存储器(34)及网络接口，其特征在于：
a.当一个处理(22)连接到计算机网络上时，接收与该处理相关的电子地址和动态被分配网络协议地址的装置；
b.在计算机存储器(34)中保持一个网络可访问入口汇编的装置，其中每个入口包括与当前连接到计算机网络上的一个处理相关的电子邮件地址和相应的网络协议地址；
c.从当前与计算机网络相连的一个处理(12)接收请求的装置，其中该请求包括标识另外一个处理的信息；
d.将标识另外一个处理的信息与入口汇编进行比较的装置；及
e.响应旧请求处理对一个入口汇编的标识，提供一个与由该请求处理所标识的处理相关的电子邮件地址和网络协议地址的装置。
8.一种使用权利要求1的定位方法在计算机系统(12)中用于建立点到点通信连接的装置，该计算机系统具有一个显示器(36)和声音传感器，并与计算机网络(24)上的基它计算机(22)和服务器(26)相连，该装置包括：
a.从第一处理向服务器发送关于第二处理是否与计算机网络相连的查询的装置；
b.当第二处理与计算机网络相连时从服务器接收第二处理的网络协议地址的装置；及
c.响应第二处理的网络协议地址，建立起计算机网络上第一和第二处理之间的点到点通信连接的装置。
9.如权利要求8所述的计算机装置，进一步包括：
d.通过所建立的点到点通信连接，接收声音数据和向第二处理器发送声音数据的装置。
10.一种使用权利要求1的定位方法在计算机系统(12)中用于建立点到点通信连接的装置，该计算机系统具有一个声音传感器和一个显示设备(36)，并与计算机网络(24)上的其它计算机系统(22)和服务器(26)相连，该装置包括：
a.通过计算机网络从第一处理向第二客户处理发送包括网络协议地址的电子邮件信号的装置；
b.通过计算机网络接收来自于第二处理的第二网络协议地址的装置；及
c.响应第二网络协议地址，通过计算机网络建立起第一处理和第二处理之间的点到点通信连接的装置。
11.一种使用权利要求1的定位方法在通过一个计算机网络与一个第二处理和一个地址服务器相连接的一个第一计算机处理中，用于在第一和第二处理之间建立点到点通信的方法，包括步骤：
A.查询地址服务器以确定第二处理是否连接到了计算机网络上；
B.当第二处理连接到了计算机网络上时，从地址服务器接收第二处理的网络协议地址；
C.响应第二处理的网络协议地址，通过计算机网络建立与第二处理之间的点到点通信连接。
12.一种使用权利要求1的定位方法在通过一个计算机网络与一个第二处理和一个电子邮件服务器相连接的一个第一计算机处理中，用于在第一和第二处理之间建立点到点通信的方法，包括步骤：
A.通过计算机网络向第二处理发送包括第一处理的网络协议地址的电子邮件信号；
B.通过计算机网络从第二处理接收第二网络地址；
C.响应第二网络协议地址，通过计算机网络建立第一处理和第二处理之间点到点通信连接。
13.一种使用权利要求1的定位方法在通过计算机网络在第一和第二处理器之间建立点到点通信的计算机服务器装置，该服务器装置包括：
一个服务器处理器；
一个网络接口装置，与服务器处理器相连，用于将服务器装置连接到计算机网络；
一个存储器，与处理器相连，用于存储与计算机网络相连的多个处理器的网络协议地址；
一个装置，用于响应来自于第一处理器的查询，判定第二处理器的在线状态，并响应关于第二处理器在线状态的肯定判定，将第二处理器的网络协议地址发送给第一处理器。
14.根据权利要求13所述的计算机服务器装置，进一步包括一个定时器装置，与服务器处理器相连，用于时间标记存储在存储器中的网络协议地址。
15.根据权利要求13所述的计算机服务器装置，进一步包括一个邮件处理装置，用于响应来自来第一处理器的电子邮件信号，将电子邮件信号转送到第二处理器，该电子邮件信号包括第一处理器的网络协议地址。
16.一种使用权利要求1的定位方法在通过计算机网络建立起从主叫用户处理器到接线者处理器之间的点到点通信连接的方法，主叫用户处理器具有一个用户接口，用于通过计算机网络与接线用户处理器和服务器相连接，该方法包括：
A.生成表示第一通信线路的单元；
B.生成表示第一接线用户处理器的单元；
C.响应于将表示第一接线用户处理器的单元与表示第一通信线路关联起来的一个用户，建立起从主叫用户处理器到第一接线用户处理器的点到点通信连接。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中，步骤C进一步包括步骤：
查询服务器以确定第一接线用户处理器的在线状态，及
通过计算机网络，从服务器接收第一接线用户处理器的网络协议地址。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法，进一步包括步骤：
D.生成表示第二通信线路的单元；
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，进一步包括步骤：
E.响应断开表示第一接线用户处理器的单元与表示第一通信线路的单元之间的关联的用户，断开从主用户处理器到第一接线用户处理器的点到点通信连接；
F.响应将表示第一接线用户处理器的单元与表示第二通信线路的单元进行关联的用户，建立起一个不同的从主叫用户处理器到第一接线用户处理器的点到点通信连接。
20.根据权利要求16所述的方法，进一步包括步骤：
D.生成表示第二接线者处理器的单元；及
E.响应将表示第二接线用户处理器的单元与表示第一通信线路的单元进行关联的用户，建立起主叫用户处理器与第一和第二接线用户处器之间的会议点到点通信连接。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法，包括步骤：
F.响应断开表示第二接线用户处理器的单元与表示第一通信线路的单元之间的关联的用户，从会议点到点通信连接中移走第二接线用户处理器。
22.根据权利要求16所述的方法，包括步骤：
D.生成表示具有临时禁止状态的通信线路的单元；及
E.响应将表示第一接线用户处理器的单元与表示具有临时禁止状态的通信线路的单元进行关联的用户，临时禁止主叫用户处理器与第一接线用户处理器之间的点到点通信连接。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法，其中步骤D中生成的单元表示处于保持状态的通信线路。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法，其中步骤D中生成的单元表示处于静音状态的通信线路。
25.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中主叫用户处理器进一步包括一个可视显示器，用户接口包括一个图形用户界面。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法，其中步骤A和B中所生成的单元是图形单元，步骤C中所描述的建立点到点连接的步骤是响应用户在图形用户界面上操作图形单元来执行的。
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EP1379039A2 (en) 2004-01-07
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US6513066B1 (en) 2003-01-28
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US6701365B1 (en) 2004-03-02
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US6687738B1 (en) 2004-02-03
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