CN1110068A - 将客户定单流通到各个供应商的计算机集成网络 - Google Patents

将客户定单流通到各个供应商的计算机集成网络 Download PDF

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CN1110068A
CN1110068A CN94190313.3A CN94190313A CN1110068A CN 1110068 A CN1110068 A CN 1110068A CN 94190313 A CN94190313 A CN 94190313A CN 1110068 A CN1110068 A CN 1110068A
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demand
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product
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约翰·D·多伊尔
安东尼·P·霍霍理克
丹尼斯·P·格罗思
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Moore Business Forms Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
    • G06Q10/087—Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/04—Billing or invoicing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
    • G06Q30/0623—Item investigation
    • G06Q30/0625—Directed, with specific intent or strategy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
    • G06Q30/0633—Lists, e.g. purchase orders, compilation or processing
    • G06Q30/0635—Processing of requisition or of purchase orders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
    • G06Q30/0641—Shopping interfaces

Abstract

一种电子需求系统，用于将客户需求定单引导给内部供应商与外部卖主，并利用一个中央计算机系统处理发票。一位客户访问一个电子产品目录及需求表，来提出发送给中央计算机系统的定单。供应商将需求分类并作为定购单送至适当的内部供应商及直接将产品发运给客户的外部卖主。发票是集中处理的，并且客户收到一张所有产品的综合发票，并可将付款直接送回到中央计算机系统。

Description

将客户定单流通到各个供应商的 计算机集成网络
本发明涉及管理供应定货、定单跟踪及记帐等数据处理。此外，本发明涉及结合各种外部供应商的客户定单处理的中央计算机网络。
图1为一笔典型的办公用品定货交易中管理客户定单、发货、及定单与发货的记帐的一个典型流程系统10的简化示意图。客户12完成定购数种不同办公用品的定单14的填写。将这一完整的定单提交给中央供应商“X”16。
中央供应商通过将一张完整的客户定单分成独立卖主的信息并为客户所定购的各种办公用品制备若干卖主定单18、20、22与24，而完成对客户定单的处理。例如，客户可能定购了中央供应商没有存货的印刷机油墨。便将印刷机油墨的定货放在另一张定单上并用传真发送给一个外部卖主，诸如XYZ办公用品公司18。类似地，将无存货的商业信封定货传给ABC信封公司20。
中央供应商16有存货的客户需求的定货14在21处输入到该供应商的数据处理系统中。这一数据处理系统将定单传至适当的部门，诸如一个定制方式类货物仓库22及一个存货类货物仓库24。
各部门与外部卖主在26处将定购的产品直接发运给客户12。外部卖主将各完整定单的分开发票28提交给一个中央发票服务台30。类似地，各部门经由该中央供应商的数据处理系统用电子方式将发票传给中央发票服务台。中央发票服务台为所有已发货给客户的产品准备与提交分类发票32。客户向中央发票服务台付款33，后者又向外部卖主及部门支付发运的产品的货款。
还将客户发票的一份复制品送到该中央供应商16的一个中央客户助理部门34。这一客户助理部门将有关客户定单、定单发放35及已发运产品的发票的数据采集在一个中央数据库36中。这一数据库用于答复用户有关等待发货的定单的查询38，并提供取消与变更未发货定单40的能力。此外，这一数据库能够生成供客户、中央供应商及外部卖主完成他们各自的任务用的有关定单流程、发货及付款的报告。
当前的流通处理系统由于重复地在客户、中央供应商及外部卖主处将有关定单与发货的数据键入不同的计算机系统而是劳动密集的。这种系统是容易出现数据输入错误的。当前的系统由于若干台不同的计算机系统执行许多相同的任务，诸如状态查询、开具发票、定单输入及处理等，而在数据处理上是冗余的。
长期以来就感觉到需要一种有效地管理提交给一家中央供应商并由该中央供应商的部门或外部卖主供应的客户定货的所有方面的数据处理网络。已经开发出这种流通的数据处理系统。该系统包括一台位于中央供应商处的中央计算机。这一中央计算机诸如经由调制解调器连接到客户、部门及外部卖主场所的计算机上。这些互连的计算机系统与中央计算机相结合构成一个数据处理网络，这一网络能够管理客户定货、将这些定单传至适当的部门或卖主、发送所定购的产品、开具发票及付款、帮助客户及生成报告等数据处理要求。
本发明的较佳实施例是参照附图描述的。附图如下：
图1为已有技术的流通系统的示意图；
图2与3为本发明的示例性计算机网络的方框图；
图4、5、8、9与14至26示出本发明的一个示例性程序的流程图；
图6、7与10至13示出用在本发明中的示例性数据显示屏面。
图2示出用于实现本发明的数据处理硬件的方框图。位于中央供应商处的一台主计算机100，诸如一台IBM3090计算机，为整个流通供应商系统101提供集中的数据处理。主计算机包括用于与客户计算机系统104(a-c)及外部卖主计算机系统106(a-b)进行通信的通信硬件102，诸如调制解调器。此外，主计算机主线直接与中央供应商的部门工作站108及监视工作站110通信。
较小客户的客户计算机系统可以是一台独立的个人计算机104a，另一位客户可以是一个计算机网络104b，而大客户104c则可以是一台小型或大型主机。类似地，外部卖主计算机系统可以是个人计算机106a或其它型号的计算机或网络106b。部门或管理人员的工作站和/或计算机系统可以是诸如计算机终端或连在主计算机上的一个网络。用于连接主计算机与工作站的通信硬件、软件与协议是传统的并且是熟悉本技术的人员众所周知的。此外，工作站与主机可与银行计算机相连以处理客户、中央供应商与外部卖主之间的电子资金转帐信息。
主计算机执行下面描述的一个交易软件程序来采集与处理客户定单、发货跟踪与开具发票等数据。数据是在208处以传统的数据库格式维护的，供交易软件及传统的报告生成软件访问。此外，数据库102中包含客户数据122、客户需求124、供货目录产品数据126、发票数据130及一般参考数据128。
图3为该系统中的数据处理流程的高层框图。在中央供应商的主计算机100上，执行交易程序1000(图4)来集中处理系统中的数据及维护(208)数据库102。这些中央数据库中可包含有关客户的独立数据库122(诸如收货客户)、进行中的需求124、主产品目录126、一般参考信息128(诸如产品门类代码及产品组)及发票130。如果客户计算机系统与中央主计算机100兼容，则可在各客户计算机系统104中维护类似的数据库106。客户数据库106中包含在客户工作站108输入的信息，及客户计算机系统104与中央供应商计算机系统100之间定期交换的信息。
各客户计算机系统104执行联机110与批处理112操作。当客户通过工作站108访问客户数据库105时，通常发生联机操作。例如，客户数据库中包含有关客户授权与发货地点的信息(诸如“收货客户”信息132)、诸如定购的产品、数量与价格134等进行中的需求定单、以及该客户可访问的产品目录部分的一份拷贝136。维护在中央计算机100中的数据库中的主产品目录126是庞大的，而各客户在创建阶段选择一部分其授权用户可访问的目录。一位授权的客户雇员登录在联机子系统上，并实时地与客户数据库交互对话以定购产品、查询进行中的需求的状态及直接从目录中查阅及定货。
客户雇员输入的数据是存储在客户数据库106中的。在客户计算机系统上操作的批处理系统112的操作定期地更新客户数据库与主系统数据库102。一个互补的批处理发生在主计算机系统上。
卖主计算机系统106(A与B)及可能带有的内部部门计算机系统109(诸如供货仓库计算机系统)经由一个传统的接口设备及软件115与主计算机系统100接口。主计算机系统与卖主系统交换数据，诸如以电子数据交换(EDI)标准建立的标准格式的定购单、定购单收条及发票。此外，卖主自动地或手工地向主系统提供有关卖主产品目录的数据。
图4为通过交易程序1000的处理流程的高层流程图。在步骤1002中，客户在客户计算机系统104上检索及输入数据到客户数据库106中。在步骤1004中，客户选择来自其数据库的信息并输入信息到该数据库，诸如新的需求数据134。在步骤1006中，定期地，诸如每天一次，将加在客户数据库中的诸如新的需求数据文件等新信息传输给主计算机系统100。这一信息用于更新主系统中的数据库102，特别是需求数据库124。
在步骤1008与1010中，主计算机系统对客户提供的诸如需求产品信息等数据进行分类，并按照单独的卖主与内部部门整理这些信息。如果需求物品要由一个内部部门发货，便在步骤1008中直接将发货地点与需求产品信息等履行定单所需的信息发送给适当部门的计算机系统。类似地，如果这一需求是由一个外部卖主来履行的，便在步骤1010中将适当的需求(定购)信息发往卖主。卖主填写的定购单状态是在步骤1012中通过卖主提供的确认信息而获得的。此外，本系统具有监视成本、价格及其它数据，以及生成有关历史数据趋势与当前数据的比较等报告的功能。
在步骤1014中集中处理来自外部卖主与内部部门的发票数据并提交给一个中央帐户支付部门1016。在步骤1018中，在定期数据交换期间，发票可以直接发送到客户计算机系统。在回程中，付款信息可从客户流向主计算机系统。
在步骤1020中用从单独的卖主106接收的信息定期更新主产品目录126。由于主目录信息中包含单个客户的数据(诸如有权定购各种产品的客户)，便很容易从主产品目录更新存储在各客户数据库中的客户目录。
图5示出在客户计算机系统104上执行的联机定购系统110的处理步骤。在客户工作站上的一位授权用户先从诸如图6中所示的一个系统菜单屏面1021中选择一种功能操作。在菜单屏面中提供的可利用的功能中包含输入一个新的需求(图7)、改变或删除一个需求(步骤1020)。系统只允许改变与删除尚未完成及发送到主计算机系统的那些需求。
可从客户计算机系统上的数据库中访问进行中的(即使尚未完成的)需求数据，该数据库中可包含有关放入需求(CUS SLTO)1022的客户、发运定货的地点(CUS SHTO)1024、收货客户(CUS ATN TO)1026、以及该客户可利用的目录(CUS CATALOG)1028等的数据文件。这些信息是在建立客户与主系统的联系时初始建立的，并且是由中央计算机系统维护的。
用诸如需求首部1030(例如包含有关需求号码、客户发货地点及其它对于定购的物品不是唯一的信息的数据)以及包含诸如物品号码、定购数量及客户价格等信息的需求详情1032对新的需求定单、更改或删除更新客户数据库文件。图7中示出了从一个客户工作站进行一次需求的一个示例性屏面1034。在通过屏面的在步骤1034中的一次需求查询中，可从客户数据库中检索到有关进行中的需求的数据，诸如图10至12中所示的。此外，菜单功能中可包括步骤1035中的目录查询，并采用诸如图13中所示的一个屏面。
具体地，图8示出输入一个新的需求、或改变或删除一个进行中的需求(只可以是未完成的需求)的步骤。在步骤1040，用户从初始菜单1021(图6)中选择一个增加、改变或删除需求的功能。这一选择导致显示一个适当的屏面，诸如图7及10至12中所示。如要加入一个新的需求，便在步骤1042中在客户工作站上显示一个需求屏面1034(图7)。在输入一个地点标识码时，需求屏面便自动提供有关该客户、特定的客户地址、其它有关该客户及特定授权客户用户的标识信息的数据1044。这些信息是从客户数据库并且具体地是从诸如发货地点、收货人(attention-to)与买主文件132等客户数据库文件中检索的。此外，新需求输入屏面1034自动地显示一个需求标识号与日期1046。
客户输入与所需求的特定产品相关的产品数据1048、1050，其中包括所选择的产品号码1048及产品数量1050。可以经由一个目录屏面1052从客户目录136中联机得到有关产品、产品号码及价格的信息，如图13中所示。客户目录可以用产品组或关键字来搜索。可以直接将定购数量项目数据1051输入到目录屏面中，然后将该数据链接到需求屏面上。输入需求屏面1058中的信息是存储在客户计算机系统的需求数据库134中的，并且具体分类成需求首部信息1054(诸如需求号、收货客户及需求日期)及需求详细信息1056(诸如需求的产品、价格与数量)。
一旦存储之后，便可从图6中所示的主菜单通过一个需求查询、步骤1058(与图10的屏面1059)、一个需求改变、步骤1060或一个需求删除功能、步骤1062，在客户工作站上检索需求信息。只要主计算机已经用该信息更新了客户数据库，需求状态信息将检索有关所有进行中的需求(图10)、特定需求中的产品(图11)及定单发送状态(图12)的信息。这一更新是在定期的批作业基础上完成的，诸如每天一次。
图9示出当一位客户作出了一种最终需求选择并将该选择传送给主系统计算机时发生的步骤的流程图。在步骤1200中，客户输入一张完整的需求定单，诸如图7中所示的屏面1034。客户计算机将这一完整的需求输入存储在其需求数据库134中。客户计算机在步骤1202中从其数据库中生成控制报告向客户提供有关其需求的信息，诸如该产品的总定购量、价格及其它信息。
在步骤1204中的定期批处理中，将客户数据库的新的完整的需求信息传送给主系统计算机100。类似地，在步骤1206中将来自主计算机的诸如定购单收条、送货更新与产品更新等更新信息传送到客户计算机以更新客户数据库。
由于只在定期批作业的基础上才传送来自主系统的所有更新信息，这一信息是作为一个综合更新文件1208传送给客户计算机的。收到这一综合文件时，在步骤1210中客户计算机分解这一文件以更新适当的客户数据库文件。
例如，关于需求的更新信息是作为顺序更新信息1212接收的，并在步骤1214中作用在需求首部1216、需求详情1218及需求状态1220的适当数据库或文件上的。在客户驻地生成控制报告以提供新的更新信息的充分的通知，并且可能只提供给各客户的一位管理用户。大多数更新信息记录在控制报告中。通常，控制报告陈述所更新的记录文件的数量与类型，从而这一信息能够与送至客户计算机系统的更新的数目相比较。
类似地，在1224处理关于客户目录的更新信息(SEQ CUS UPDATES)1222以更新目录数据库136中的文件项1226。由于在计算机上的主目录数据库126是以客户与价格将各目录项关联在一起的，因此独立的客户目录已经更新了。此外，诸如物品售给客户方的谁，向谁收款，送货给谁，收货人是谁等有关一个特定客户的数据文件1228是在主计算机系统100上更新后再传送给客户计算机，以便在步骤1230中更新客户数据库中的类似数据库文件1232的。在控制报告中还记录了目录与客户更新文件中的数据。在初始建立客户与主计算机需求系统的交互对话时，便输入初始的客户特定信息。
图14示出管理传送给主系统计算机100的完整的客户需求1300的数据处理步骤。在步骤1302中，客户计算机系统传送有关需求的数据文件(SEQCUS RQN)1303。在步骤1304中对所传送的数据进行初步骤检验，并在步骤1306中重组成与主计算机系统格式相符的数据文件(SEQ CHNL)1305。在步骤1308中，通过适当的数据文件1310(诸如首部(HDR)与详情(DTL))将新的需求数据文件加载到需求数据库122中。
在步骤1312，加载在数据库102中的数据文件被编辑成使客户号码转换成适当的收款、发运、销售与收货人数据(见数据文件1314)，并检验确认该数据与所存储的数据相符以及定购的物品号码与主目录126中的物品号码相符。在步骤1316中，将有关定购物品的需求详细数据分解成对适当的外部卖主的数据(见数据字段1318)及对适当的内部部门的数据(见数据字段1320)。在步骤1322中，再一次重组内部部门的数据字段的格式，供重新加载回主计算机系统的数据库102中。通常，各内部部门以类似于外部卖主的方式维护其自己的与主计算机系统的那些分开的数据库。
图15示出更新需求定单的状态的数据处理流程。在步骤1350中，将以诸如EDI标准格式提供的卖主传送的需求更新文件1352的格式重组成1354，用于在步骤1356中加载进主系统数据库102，具体地加载进需求数据库124。在步骤1359中，将加载的重组格式的数据与存在的需求数据进行比较。必要时在步骤1360中生成一个出错文件1361与报告，并打印该报告。同时生成一个状态报告文件1362并打印有关需求的状态(1364)及有关适当卖主的状态(1366)的报告。此外，当在步骤1350中重组数据格式时建立一个代替文件1368，及在步骤1370中生成一个代替报告。
此外，当将新的需求状态数据文件加载进数据库102时，在步骤1372中从这些数据中抽取特定的信息，诸如认可的需求，并在主数据库102中建立与维护关于这些抽取的信息的一个顺序数据文件1374。例如，在步骤1376中，可将特定物品的独立需求进行组合，以便从卖主或部门定购标准大单位(诸如箱)的物品。在步骤1378中，用这一文件来更新需求数据库124中的详细需求信息，并提供一个需求更新文件1380供以后传送给客户去更新客户数据库。
图16至20出处理发票的数据处理流程步骤。在收到标准DEI格式的包含卖主1401向中央供应商收费的卖主发票1400时，主计算机系统在步骤1402中翻译并初步处理该发票。为了管理的目的，在步骤1404中将该发票打即成一张印刷的发票1406。再者，访问一个已供货的产品定单(诸如卖主或部门发运的)的产品发运数据文件(PART FIL)1407以提供确认未接受任何特定产品的发运量的发票的数据。物品发运数据是卖主在定单收条数据中提供的。此外，在一个出错文件1408中记录传送的发票中的任何错误，并将其送至一个部门(诸如财务(FIN)部门1410)去进一步处理。在步骤1414中再一次重组已重组格式的发票数据(TRANS IN)1412的格式成为一个适当的数据库格式文件1416，然后在步骤1418中将其加载进发票数据库130中。
在步骤1420中，从包含需求首部与详细数据的需求数据文件130得到的重组格式的发票数据1422(其中可包含发票或信用信息)，在步骤1423中加以确认以证实卖主发票是参加该计算机化需求系统的一个卖主开出的。将从未参加的卖主收到的发票或要在本流通系统以外处理的定单放置在与本系统无关的用于来自这些卖主的发票或信贷的数据文件1424上。假定发票数据得以确认，则在步骤1426编辑数据，从经过编辑的发票与信用信息中生成出错与报告文件1428。
在步骤1430中，再一次重组经过编辑的发票数据的格式，并用诸如来自需求首部与详情文件(RQNHDR与RQN DTL)的需求数据130加以注释，使之符合于主数据库102的格式，然后存储在主数据库发票文件与主客户文件(VLD CM)131、(MAST INV)130中并加以确认。
在步骤1440中，从发票文件130中抽出已开给客户的发票数据，并加注来自客户产品文件1444的诸如客户已为定购的产品所付的价格等对应数据后送入一个加标记的发票文件1442。可用一个加价数据文件1445将中央供应商付出的物品价格转变成对客户收取的该物品的价值。此外，用加标记的发票文件生成控制报告。在步骤1448中，将发票文件数据1442的格式重组成标准发票格式，并从一个开具发票服务部门(NIS)经由邮寄与/或用来自中央发票部门(CI)1454的数据注释的电子数据文件1452送至客户(CUST)1450。
在步骤1456中，抽取发票确认数据1458并将其与适当的客户发票文件1460相关联，然后在步骤1462  来更新数据库中的数据。在更新数据库中，将经过确认的发票文件1460与需求数据库124相关联并用以在1464更新适当的需求详情文件(RQN DTL)。如果发票数据并不对应于存储在需求库中的一个需求，则将该数据放在一个非流通发票文件1466中。在步骤1468中，用更新的需求详情文件来更新需求首部(REQ HDR)、历史(HIST)与统计文件。
在步骤1470中，从发票文件130中抽出确认的发票并将其作为一个卖主发票文件1472提交给一个帐户支付部门1474供支付卖主。类似地，在步骤1476生成一个帐户支付报告。在步骤1478，将带有抽取的状态的(见文件1442)、但在一个规定的时期(诸如5天)内未处理成一个确认的发票(见文件1458)放在一个作废的发票文件1480中并提交给财务部门去处理。类似地，有关有效与无效信贷摘要(CM)的文件与/或报告以及因其它原因作废的发票也送至财部门1482。
图21示出来自中央供应商的一个内部部门的源数据处理的数据处理流程。在步骤1500中，从各种部门文件1502中抽取数据，诸如售给、开帐单给、及收货地点文件等用于维护客户数据文件及用于更新客户文件122的数据。此外，在步骤1504中，使用客户主地点文件1506作为驱动器从更新后的客户文件中抽取收贷人文件1507(诸如更新)信息，以生成待送至客户计算机系统去更新客户数据库的客户更新数据1508。
图22示出从包含有关客户、定购的产品及价格的一个卖主定单文件1510中生成给中央供应商的卖主购货定单。在步骤1514中将这一数据的格式重组成各卖主的标准购货定单格式1512。然后在步骤1516将这些购货定单电子地发送给适当的卖主。
图23至26示出组合与维护一个主产品目录126及单个的客户目录136的数据流。单个卖主1550在步骤1552中向中央计算机系统提供有关该卖主供应的产品的数据(见图13)，其中包括对中央供应商的价格。主目录126中的各产品具有一个相关的卖主项字段1554。
主卖主产品目录是在步骤1556中从诸如电子可读的磁带等卖主提供的信息中初始组合的。在步骤1558中将来自一个特定卖主的随后的产品加在主目录中。所有卖主的产品都可用来自一般参考数据库文件128的分类码文件1560或产品组文件的一个分类码加以分类。
各卖主产品对客户的价格是中央供应商在步骤1562中使用来自一个卖主成本文件1564的数据确立的。各种产品的价格可以在单个客户的基础上确定，然后加载进该客户产品目录及产品价格1566的文件中。类似地，在步骤1568中当卖主产品数据改变时可以改变客户价格与产品文件。
单个客户目录136中包含单个客户产品数据1566。在步骤1572中，客户利用关于卖主产品1554、产品级与组1576、及售给客户数据1578，选择在其客户目录中提供的产品。在步骤1580中可增加客户产品，在步骤1582中可改变客户产品。通常，客户产品文件是在中央供应商处生成的而不是在客户计算机系统上生成的。此外，在步骤1586可将客户定价，而在步骤1584中可将唯一产品定价作用在列出在客户产品数据文件1566中的产品上。此外，还可维护以前供应的成本数据(SEQ CUS CST)1567。
在步骤1600中，从该用户的以前产品定单文件1604中抽取数据1602而组合客户目录136，而生成一个数据文件1606供在步骤1608与在步骤1609抽取的主目录与其它数据文件1610中的产品数据1607比较与合并。在步骤1612中将这些文件定期更新，诸如改变价格。在步骤1618与1620中，将得出的包含客户目录更新的数据文件1616用来更新客户目录。
已经联系当前认为是较佳的实施例描述了本发明。但本发明不限于这一实施例。反之，本发明覆盖包含在所附权利要求书的精神与范围内的各种改型与等价的配置。
权利要求书
根据条约第19条修改的权利要求
1、一种需求跟踪系统，包括：
一个具有包含数据文件的存储器的中央计算机系统以及一个用于与其它计算机系统通信的数据通信单元，所述中央计算机系统维护所述包含有关客户、客户启动的需求、开具发票及产品项目的数据的数据文件，所述中央计算机系统电子地接收来自多个客户计算机系统的需求定单，从需求定单中的信息中生成定购单，单个地将各定购单委托一个选择的卖主，将各定购单发送给选中的卖主一个卖主计算机系统，并接收来自多个卖主计算机系统的发票，其中所述发票标识各卖主已接受的需求定单，
各所述客户计算机系统具有一个通信单元，用于与所述中央计算机系统进行电子通信以传送客户数据及所述需求的产品的需求定单，并具有一个带有包含需求与产品的数据的数据文件的存储器，以及
各所述卖主计算机系统具有一个通信单元，用于与所述中央计算机系统进行电子通信，用于接收所述定购单及用于发送具有包含接受一个需求定单的数据的所述发票。
2、权利要求1中的一种需求跟踪系统，其中所述产品数据是以经由所述客户计算机系统可访问的一种电子目录的格式的，并标识可供需求的产品。
3、权利要求2中的一种需求跟踪系统，其中所述电子目录包含用一个字母数字型指示符、描述符、关键字及产品类型码唯一地标识的产品的数据，以及所述目录是用关键字与产品类型码由所述客户计算机系统之一搜索的。
4、权利要求1中的一种需求跟踪系统，其中所述中央计算机系统将来自多个卖主计算机系统的所述发票中的数据的格式重组成单个客户发票并电子地将所述客户发票发送给所述客户计算机系统。
5、权利要求1中的一种需求跟踪系统，其中所述中央计算机系统用指示是否已将一种需求的产品发运给客户的当前状态数据维护所述客户启动的需求数据文件，以及所述卖主计算机系统发送指示已经运出了所述需求的产品的状态数据给所述中央计算机系统。
6、权利要求5中的一种需求跟踪系统，其中所述中央计算机系统发送有关所需求的产品的所述当前状态数据。
7、权利要求1中的一种需求跟踪系统，其中所述客户计算机系统定期发送表示一位授权客户的更新数据，以及所述中央计算机系统通过用从所述客户计算机系统接收的所述更新数据更新客户数据文件而维护所述客户数据文件。
8、权利要求1中的一种需求计算机系统，其中所述中央计算机系统中的所述数据文件中包含客户、需求定单及产品的历史数据，以及所述中央计算机系统在生成所述历史数据的某些选择的摘录的一个报告时处理所述历史数据。
9、一种需求系统，包括：
第一位置上的一个中央计算机系统，具有
包含客户、产品与服务目录、产品与服务供应商、产品与服务的客户需求、定购单以及发票的信息的数据文件，
一个处理单元，用于选择提供客户需求的产品与服务的卖主，及用于为各选中的卖主生成标识所需求的产品或服务、需求该产品或服务的需求客户以及供应该需求的产品或服务的选中的卖主的定购单，以及
一个通信单元，用于接收来自多个客户计算机系统的客户需求及来自多个卖主计算机系统的发票，以及用于将定购单发送给卖主计算机系统；
该多个客户计算机系统是在远离所述中央计算机系统的地点上，并接收来自中央计算机系统中的数据文件的包含目录在内的数据，及发送从目录中选择的一种或多种产品或服务的需求定单；
该多个卖主计算机系统接收、受理及处理从中央计算机系统接收的需求定单，生成包含产品与服务的发运信息与产品及服务的费用信息的发票，并将发票发送给中央计算机。

Claims (3)

1、一种需求跟踪系统，包括：
一个中央计算机系统，其维护包含有关客户、客户启动的需求、开具发票及产品项目的数据的数据文件，所述中央计算机系统电子地接收来自多个客户计算机系统的需求定单，并将所述需求定单格式化为定购单，并接收来自多个供货部门或卖主计算机系统的发票数据，
各所述客户计算机系统与所述中央计算机系统进行电子通信以输入所述对特定产品的需求定单，并具有包含需求与产品的数据的数据文件，以及
各所述卖主计算机系统与所述中央计算机系统进行电子通信，用于接收所述定购单及用于发送所述发票。
2、权利要求1中的一种需求跟踪系统，其中所述产品数据是以经由所述客户计算机系统可访问的一种电子目录的格式的，并标识可供的需求的产品。
3、权利要求2中的一种需求跟踪系统，其中所述电子目录包含用一个字母数字型指示符、描述符唯一地标识的产品的数据，以及所述目录是用关键字与产品类型码搜索的。
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