CN1149804A - 对可在信息网上获得的事件提供交互式指南的方法和装置 - Google Patents

对可在信息网上获得的事件提供交互式指南的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1149804A
CN1149804A CN96109321A CN96109321A CN1149804A CN 1149804 A CN1149804 A CN 1149804A CN 96109321 A CN96109321 A CN 96109321A CN 96109321 A CN96109321 A CN 96109321A CN 1149804 A CN1149804 A CN 1149804A
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马克·K·艾尔
郭仪成
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Abstract

一种用于经一个信息网络给事件提供交互式指南的方法，包括以下步骤：提供多个数据库页用于在信息网络上通信，每页对应于一时隙，在该时隙期间在网络上可获得事件；将包括于交互式指南中每一事件的时间表数据插入到时隙的数据库页中，在该时隙期间提供事件，且以选定的传输速率经所述信息网络传送所述数据库页，所选定的传输速率使恢复一特定数据库页能在一预定的获取时限内，用以恢复由该页所代表的时隙的时间表数据。

Description

对可在信息网上获得的事件提供交互式指南的方法和装置
本发明涉及在一通信网络上提供的服务，更具体的涉及对经信息网获得的个别事件的交互式指南。本发明特别适用于对一卫星或有线电视网上获得的事件(如：电视节目，电影，音乐会，体育实况，交谈式讨论会，诸如此类)提供一种交互式节目指南。
用于传送运动比赛(games)、信息服务、电视节目(programming)(包括电影和特别报导)、居家购物服务，诸如此类的数字网络的存在(availability)，已大大增加了消费者获得的这些服务数目和种类。具有500或更多个节目频道的系统，已被筹划并期望在不久的将来付诸实施。在这些系统的发展和设计中，出现的一项挑战是如何通告消费者所提供的许多不同事件的时间表。
过去，有线与卫星电视系统通常提供少于100个频道，将按周或按月出版的节目指南印妥，并以邮寄方式分送出去。诸如电视节目指南(TV Guide)的期刊，可在报摊购买或由订阅取得。显然，在诸节目指南印妥后才做的时间表(schedule)的变动，会使这些已印妥的指南变得不准确。并且，对筹划中的500或更多个频道的系统而言，数量庞杂的登载项(entries)，使已印妥的节目指南的使用变得昂贵且不方便。给大量节目作索引(indexing)是一件复杂的工作，且一消费者想找到所要的节目，可能是极不方便的。
对为大量事件提供准确、最新的(up-to-date)指南的问题的一种合乎逻辑的解决办法是，经由电子媒体提供指南。为了提供节目表信息，通信工业正致力于发展下装入一订户终端机，诸如与一订户口电视相接的“置顶盒”(set top box)，的节目指南。实现这样一种电子式节目指南的障碍是，在一通信频道上载送大量时间表信息所需的带宽；另一障碍是，在置顶盒内用以存储一周或更久的时间表信息所需的存储量。这种随机存取存储器(RA)目前是昂贵的。这就和要求一消费者的置顶盒为一比较便宜的物品相冲突。
发展在一通信网络上可获得的事件的电子式指南，所面对的另一问题是，及时提供时间表信息。如果为回答对一个具体时隙的时间表信息的询问而提供该信息的反应时间过长，将使订户失去耐心。在一理想系统中，针对关于一特定期时间周的时间表信息的请求(request)，订户应会收到一立即的回答。在获得时间表的信息后，订户可能想要关于一特定节目的进一步的细节。而且，为了获得关于一节目的描述性信息，要等上多于几秒钟是不方便的。理想情况是，在一请求之后就应几乎瞬时的提供描述信息。
给事件提供一种交互式指南是有利的，该事件从通信带宽及成本的角度看是经济的。在一瞬时或近乎瞬时的基础上，提供对用户的询问的回答的这样一种交互式指南更是有利的。提供可由一比较便宜的置顶盒所接收，且适应一特定置顶盒中可用的RAM量的一种交互式服务指南仍然更是有利的。用于提供交互式服务指南的方法，应该使具有较多存储器的更先进的置顶盒能够比具有较少存储器的控制盒更迅速地回应对时间表和描述信息的请求。
本发明提供了一种用于实现对享有以上及其它优点的事件进行交互式指南的方法及装置。
根据本发明的方法，经一信息网给事件提供一种交互式指南。提供的交互式指南与获取由指南所描述的事件在相同的网络上。在信息网上，提供用于通信的多个数据库“页”。每一页对应于一特与时间有关的隙，并包括定义在该页所属的时隙期间提供的事件的标题(titles)的数据。这些页视情况可包括事件的描述。于是，对包含于交互式指南中的每一事件而言，将时间表数据插入(各)时槽的数据库页中，在该时隙期间要提供事件。数据库页以经选定的传输速率，经信息网传送，选定的传输速率使在一预定的获取时限内能恢复某一特定数据库页，用以恢复由该页所表示的时隙的时间表数据。选择预定的获取时限以提供请求的时间表信息，不会有如系统的用户所察觉的过分延迟。
时间表数据能够代表用以识别(identifying)由在特定时间的特定信息服务所提供的事件的信息服务及信息。方法可包括，按照信息服务及信息类型排序(sorting)时间表一数据的另一步骤，用于以预先格式化(preformatted)形式插入数据库页中。时间表数据以预先格式化形式传送，使在一解码器处便于按照时隙显示时间表，而不用在解码器执行排序动作。
在一图解说明的实施例中，传送步骤在一已包装化传送流(packetized transport stream)中传送诸数据库页，在包装化传送流中在不同的包装流中载送不同类的数据。每一包装流有唯一的包装识别字(PID)。在至少一个由一唯一的PID识别的包装流中载送数据库页。在一实施例中，每一数据库页，在具有该页的唯一的PID的分散的包装流中载送。可提供一附加的数据流，包含了需要对数据库页中所载送的时间表数据解码的基础数据。附加的数据流具有其自己的PID。
数据库页可包含超过当前时间周期达数个时间周期之久的时间表数据。例如，它们可包含超过当天达一周或更久的数据。在一较佳实施例中，提供一分散的数据流，具有适于当前时间周期(如，当天)的时间表信息。分散的数据流具有其自己的PID，并以比提供数据库页中所载送的时间表数据慢的速率为当前时间周期提供时间表信息。更具体地说，在一“慢速数据流”中可提供现在时间周期的数据，来自该数据流的数据被存储在一订户的置顶盒或其同类的RAM中。在一“请求数据流”中载送未来时间周期的数据，该数据流以一更高的速率载送数据，为在实时的基础上恢复，以回应来自一订户的未来时间表的信息的请求。由于在订户位置处可用的RAM，一般比可用于存储所有未来时间表信息的RAM少；故根据本发明提供一分散的高速率请求数据流，使所要的时间表的数据能在不过于延迟下恢复。在RAM中存储当前时间表的数据，使当前数据能非常瞬时地恢复并显示，以回应一订户的请求。
对包括于交互式指南中的每一事件而言，时间表数据可包括一包含该事件的标题信息的标题记录(title record)；且视情况可包括一包含该事件的描述信息的描述记录(description record)。以此方式，可在一解码器处，独立于该事件的标题信息处理一事件的描述信息。可以分配(allocated)数据库页内的标题和描述记录的插入，以比传送描述信息高的速率传送标题信息。可将某一相关时隙的标题和描述记录存储于解码器(如，一订户的置顶盒)的存储器中。可监控存储记录可用的存储器量。假若可用的存储器量少于存储某一相关时隙的标题和描述记录所需的存储器量，则可将描述记录清除以腾出空间给标题记录。
时间表数据还可包括一时间表数据所属的时隙的时间表记录(schedule record)。时间表记录包含用以交互参考(cross-referencing)带有一事件的标题和描述记录的该事件的开始时间的识别字。披露一种解码器，它经一信息网，其上可获得节目指南中所列出的事件，从所接收的数据提供一种交互式节目指南(IPG)。解码器包括：用于以第一数据速率恢复来自信息网的IPG慢速数据的装置。慢速数据包括存储于一解码器存储器中，且在当前时间周期期间，随时非常瞬时地显示当前时间表信息。提供用于从信息网以恢复比第一数据速率快得多的第二数据速率，选择性恢复IPG请求信息的装置。请求数据按页提供，并包括未来时间表信息。每一页包含不同的未来时隙的请求数据。提供用以在从信息网络恢复请求数据后，存储用于显示的选择性地恢复的IPG请求数据的页的装置。
可从至少一个包含一连续的包装的已包装化传送流，接收IPG慢速数据及IPG请求数据。慢速数据的包装由一个第一包装识别字(PID)识别，而请求数据的页的包装则由至少一个第二PID识别。在一经披露的实施例中，IPG请求数据的每一页对应一不同的时隙，并具有一唯一的PID。这种IPG请求数据的每一页可更替式具有一唯一的页识别字，在一共用的PID下传送多页。
对于包括交互式指南中的每一事件，时间表信息可包括一包含该事件的标题信息的标题记录；且视情况可包括一包含该事件的描述信息的描述记录。解码器还可包括：用于从现在和未来时间表信息恢复时间表记录的装置。时间表记录包含用以交叉参考带有为一事件提供的标题和描述记录的该事件的开始时间的标题和描述记录的识别字。回应于一用户输入的装置，用于根据包含于时间表记录中的信息，选择性输出针对特与时间有关的隙的标题信息及针对特定节目的描述。
解码器还可包括用以监控在存储装置中可用的存储器的存储量的装置。假若可用的存储器存储量少于存储某一相关时隙的标题和描述记录所需的存储器存储量，则可将描述记录清除以腾出空间给在存储装置中的标题记录。解码器存储器的大小，最好是足以保持至少24小时的当前时间表信息。于是慢速数据每一次可提供至少一全天的事件的时间表信息。
如上所述，每一页可在具有该页的唯一的PID的一分散的包装流中载送。在此实施例中，解码器还可包括一种用于获得针对第一时隙的第一页中，包含的时间表信息的第一PID处理器。可提供一种用于获得针对紧接在第一时隙之后的第二时隙的第二页中包含的时间表信息的第二PID处理器。提供装置，用于选择性合并由第一PID处理器所获得的时间表信息的一部分和由第二PID处理器所获得的时间表信息的一部分，以提供一个在跨越第一和第二时槽的时间周期期间可获得的事件的时间表。
披露一方法，用于从经信息网接收的数据中提供一种交互式节目指南，在该信息网上可获得列示于节目指南中的事件。以第一数据速率提供一IPG慢速数据流。该慢速数据流包括用于传送到并存储于一解码器中的当前时间表信息。慢速数据流使在一显示装置上的当前时间表信息的部分的瞬时显示，能被偶合到解码器。以比第一数据速率快的第二数据速率，提供一IPG请求数据流。请求数据按页提供，并包括未来时间表信息。每一页包含针对至少一个不同的未来时隙的请求数据。选择第二数据速率，以使选择性获取及在显示装置上的未来时间表信息的各部分的显示能在一预定的获取时限内。在信息网上，慢速数据流以第一速率传送，而请求数据流则以第二速率传送，以供全体解码器接收。
当前和未来时间表信息可以代表用以识别在特与时间有关的间由特定信息服务所提供的事件的信息服务及信息。方法包括，按照信息服务及信息类型，给时间表信息排序的另一步骤，以便以一预先格式化的形式传输到解码器。这使在解码器处便于按照时隙获取并存储时间表，而不用在解码器处执行排序。
对要包括于交互式指南中的第一事件而言，时间表信息可包括一包含该事件的标题信息的标题记录。且视情况可包括一包含该事件的描述信息的描述记录。然后，可在解码器独立于一事件的标题信息处理该事件的描述信息。其方法可包括另一步骤：在请求数据内分配标题和描述记录的传输，以便以比传送描述信息的速率高的速率传送标题信息。
图1是根据本发明，产生一IPG包装流所必需的各种元件的方框图；
图2是用以接收并解码IPG数据的装置的方框图；
图3是显示了传送包括标题记录及描述记录的时间表信息的一种较佳方法的示意图；
图4是说明为每一前看时段(look ahead interval)，对具有唯一的PID的不同时隙的时间表数据加以标示的概略示意图；
图5是一个示意图，提供了一个怎样将IPG数据槽指定给各PID，以使在两个连续时隙间的接口处，能提供时间表的数据的例子。
发明详述
图1是编码器装置的方框图，该编码器用以组合并传送一多工系统中的带有在一通信网络上提供的多种服务的交互式节目指南(IPG)包。一包装流多工器14接收经多个端子10、12输入到多工器的N个不同的服务的数据包。IPG包也被输入到包装流多工器14，以便和不同服务的数据包多路输出(mutiplexing)。举例而言，服务可提供的事件有：电视节目(如，经由一网络服务频道)，电影(如，经由卫星电视家庭电影台(HBO)服务频道)，体育实况特别报导，居家购物服务，信息服务，交互式讨论会，市民大会，及经一通信网络可用电子方式获得的任何其它类型。在通信网络上，由一传统发射机22传送自多工器14来的包装流多路输出。通信网络可包括，例如：一卫星通信网络，一有线电视网或一电话网。
IPG数据经一操作员接口18，输入到一IPG数据处理器16。操作员接口18可包括一有键盘的工作站(workstation)，经由键盘操作员输入多种时间表的信息。其它输入装置，诸如光学字阅读机(character readers)和语音识别系统，也可用以将时间表的信息输入到IPG数据处理器16。时间表的信息，典型上是由在一特定日内的时隙所组织成的。各时隙可以是任何大小，例如：二，四，六，八或十二小时。就每一事件而言，可提供一标题，连同可获得事件的时间。经操作员接口18输入，也可提供事件的一描述作为IPG数据的部分。
IPG数据处理器16，输出一请求数据流17及一慢速数据流19。慢速流是一种低速率IPG流，该IPG流通过确保在一订户的解码器中的存储器，总是保持有当前节目的最新的一种数据库，而用以改善节目的指南功能的应答性(responsiveness)与用户友善性(friend liness)。此一方法使一种“迷你式指南”(moni-guide)的显示选择成为可能，其中在一用户的电视屏幕的一小部分上显示一部分的节目指南；与此同时，屏幕的其余部分则继续显示电视节目或其它可获得的服务。每当一用户想要观看不是存储在解码器存储器中的节目指南数据库的一部分时，从高速请求流获得所要的部分。于是，为了节目时间表而出现的慢速数据不必比可用的具有最大IPGRAM分配的可用的解码器可保持的时间表节目更超前于未来。经请求流提供所有其它数据。
为了简化实现，最好是将慢速流如同请求流一样加以格式化并构造。在解码器处以固件(firmware)滤波来自慢速流所接收的数据块(datablocks)，以排斥那些在未来更超前于特定解码器的RAM可保持的代表资料。也最好是给每个多工系统只提供一个慢速流，该单一流中载送所有的当前按时排定的数据。在另一方面，许多不同的数据流中，可有请求数据，该数据流被多路输出器载送并从包装流多工器14输出。
各慢速和请求流，均在一IPG多工器及包装化器20中被多路输出及被包装化。如上所述，合成IPG包装被输入到包装流多工器14，并且和传送多工系统所载送的各种服务的包相合并。
通过提供解码器RAM中的最近的时间表信息(如，当日时间表)，一旦RAM被加载，则用户不用延迟就可恢复此信息。在系统成本及复杂性的限度内，在时间表数据库中的其余的数据，即请求数据必须在尽可能小的延迟下恢复。于是，若一用户选择了未来的一相关的时间周期，则他必须能在尽可能短的时间中看出未来时间周期(包含该时间周期的事件的时间表)的节目网格(program grid)；这个时间不应该超过几秒钟。不晚于标题均可在屏幕上看得到的节目几秒钟(如，一到三秒)，就应该有可获得的节目描述信息。所需的低获取时间，要求以一高发送速率传送还没有存于RAM的IPG数据。
即使在高聚集数据速率(例如，超过每秒一百万比特(1Mbps))下，解码器必能赶得上处理接收到其缓冲器中的信息。在一较佳实施例中，提供了高达4Mbps聚集数据速率。
本发明的系统，达到上述目的是通过：由时隙定址各页，使用固件及/或硬件滤波操作以滤波各数据槽和各页，提供多个PID以简化所需的滤波操作，以一预先格式化方式传送数据，并使用分散的数据块来传送标题信息及节目描述信息。与时间事件有关的数据被按页寻址，具有识别一时隙的页号。与时间有关的事件，实质上包括除基础数据外所有数据库中的数据。控制IPG功能的处理所必须的基础数据，包括将标题和描述文本(text)解压缩所必须的压缩式(compression)(如，赫夫曼(Huffman))码表，频道名称表，及用以正确处理包装化的数据流以便恢复所载送的数据所需的各种众所周知的数据。
在较佳的实施例中，时隙被连续编号，例如：如本技术中众所周知的从环球定位系统(GPS)时间基准的第零日开始。实际上，可使用任何进槽的大小。然而，二，四，六，八，十二或二十四小时的时隙大小较适宜简化处理。慢速IPG数据的时隙大小可能和请求IPG数据所用的时隙大小不同。
IPG包可使用少量PID或许多PID以包装化。固件滤波最适于实现使用许多PID，每个PID载送少量页，而硬件滤波能有效地处理少量PID上载送的许多页。若有足够的PID可用，使得只有一IPG数据页被指定给一PID；则只用PID滤波是获得(各)页和对应的相关的(各)时隙所必需的。若在每个PID上载送几页，根据在PID下所载送的每一页的唯一的页识别字，在PID滤波之后可执行固件滤波。在一实施例中，其中提供二小时时隙，并提供一周的时间表数据，可供应总数达85个PID。PID中的84个用于一周(七天＝168小时)中84个二小时时隙，而提供一附加的PID给基础资料。在此实施例中，由于每页有其自己的PID，故在解码器处不需要页滤波。
本发明的解码器，以一预先格式化形式传送时间表数据。虽然能将一解码器设计成用以接受并处理个别的数据库信息，诸如：每天的时间表，标题时间表及标题记录，描述时间表及描述记录等；但此方法需要大量的带宽开销(bandwidth overhead)，以传送诸信息头(message headers)及其同类。并且，这种开销的需要，会导致较短的信息大小，以此在编码器和解码器中引起额外的处理开销。同时，处理每一信息的处理时间会限制传送速率，它会增加获取时间。
通过以预先格式化块的方式将数据传送到解码器，提供了有效的处理，减少了存储器管理的浪费，减少了存取时间，并简化了存储器管理。更具体的是，通过在发射机一侧将时间表数据预先格式化；使在发射机处，而不是在每一个接收IPG数据的数以百万计的解码器处，诸如排序数据的操作只需执行一次。除预先排序数据外，将IPG数据预先格式化以提供较长的信息(如，以一千字节的段(kilobyte segments)为单位)，它们在建立数据流处的编码器较容易处理，并且在解码器较容易且较快处理和存储。为了赶得上IPG数据库的部分的输入流，通过提供长信息，解码器只需执行构造一存储器图象(memory image)所需的块拷贝(copy)操作。长信息也使存储器的大块能在解码器处被分配，从而将与存储器块的动态分配有关的开销减至最少。通过为每一个大的数据块，分配一大块的RAM，在解码器处的处理时间将进一步减少。以上用以收集存储器图象的另外的中央处理器(CPU)开销就不需要了。
将已预先格式化的IPG数据传送到解码器，一旦与数据块有关的时隙已经过，也会使IPG数据的整个块能从解码器存储器中被清除。并且，若解码器RA贩整个块能从解码器存储器中被清除。并且，若解码器RAM运作(running)低，则可以一次一个时隙地清除描述数据(与标题数据相对)。最后的RAM，留下的是诸多大洞(holes)，而不是会使从存储器恢复IPG数据变慢的很多小洞(即，碎片分段(fragmentation)。
在此所披露的方法及装置中，为了直接存储于RAM而将已预先格式化的IPG数据块传送到各解码器。而且，描述记录合乎逻辑地与每天的时间表及标题记记录分开。这是为两个目的：第一，描述记录都是大的。在某些实例中，解码器没有足够的RAM以保持描述达一个或更多时隙。第二，描述记录可以用比时间表和标题记录低的速率分送。为了描述记录，如有必要，这会使时间表和标题记录，在稍待片刻后即能非常迅速地显示。
将可用于预先格式化IPG数据块的一格式的示例提供于表1中，它公开了一种以象C语言的语法(C-language-like-syntax)表示的数据块格式；该语法是描述连续且可能可变速率的位序列的一种方法，而不是如C计算机语言中规定一过程性程序及其功能。语法的第一栏包含语法要素(element)；第二栏给出以位为单位的语法要素的长度；表1的第三栏给出以字节为单位的语法要素的长度；表1中的最后一栏描述在多种位的语法要素中载送的信息。标题“IPG_data_block( ){…}”说明在大括弧内的语法要素，为一已命名的集合，且通过简单地使用“IPG_data_block(  )”指称(designation)即可在语法中的其它地方被调用。用平常的“if”(假如)测试，可说明位结构的一种条件发生。在C语言中众所周知的惯用的关系运算符均可利用。循环(loop)结构是有可能的，并使用标准的C循环标题语法(loop header syntax)。一套语义学(semantics)随语法表而来，针对每一先前未定义的语法字段(field)提供定义，并对其使用加以限制。定义了五种类型的数据块，即：时间表列表(schedule_listings)，描述(descriptions)，共用列表(common_listings)，共用描述(common_descriptions)，及基础数据(foundation data)。下面的IPG已预先连接(prelinked)记录结构格式，代表本发明的一较佳实施例。
                                         表1
IPG_data_block(){block_type_bytereservedblock_typeversionif(block_type＝＝foundation){slot_sizes_fieldreservedcommon_block_time_slot_sizetrickle_block_time_slot_sizedemand block time slot size}else{datetime}bundle_IDreserveddata_block_lengthfor(i＝＝0；i＜N；i++){is_a_group_byteis_a_groupreservedoffset_to_next_group_or_sourceif(is_a_group){reservedgroup_ID}else{source_ID}for(i＝＝0；i＜M；i++){offset_to_next_message_typemessage_type_IDfor(i＝＝0；i＜p；i++){long_messageif(long_message){message_length}else{message_length}message_body()}word_alignment}word_alignment}}   位   字节                位数/描述
  84482412444168882481724881624811578*L0-80-8    11(3)(2)(1)113(1)(3)((1))((1))((2))((3))((1))((2))((1))((L))((0-1))(0-1) 7-4：预留3-0：{foundation，common_listings，common_descriptions，schedule_listings，descriptions，rsvd1..N}范围1-25523-12：预留11-8：{_2，_3，_4，_6，_8，_12，_24，_48，_168，rsvd1..N}7-4：{_2，_3，_4，_6，_8，_12，_24，rsvd1..N}3-0：{rsvd1，rsvd2，_4，_6，_8，_12，_24，rsvd3..N}所涵盖的时间周期的开始，日数时隙的开始，自子夜之后的时数范围0-155单位：字节7：{no，yes}6-0：预留0  表示块末端0  表示频道末端{no，yes}(L)L＝0  表示群末端(L)L＝0  表示群末端
block_type(块类型)：一4位列举类型字段，它识别IPG数据块的类型。下列C语言码定义了列举
enum block_type{foundation，common_listings，common_descriptions，sched_listings，descriptions，reserved1..N}；
version(版本)：一8位无符号整数值，范围是1到255，它反映块中所含数据的版本或修订。每次更新数据库(如，因节目改变，删除或增加)，就产生涵盖受影响的时隙的数据块的一种新版本。
foundation(基础)：本块包含与时间无关的数据(基础数据)，而非与时间相关的数据。基础类型让相同的数据块格式用于与时间无关的数据，诸如：压缩表，节目主题类(theme classes)，及诸频道名称。
common_listings(共同列表)：本块包含每一重复的节目列表的单一拷贝，其第一次发生是在由commom_listings块所函盖的common_block_time_slot(共用块时隙)中。一重复的节目列表被定义为：或在一所属的频道群上，或在不属于任何群的单一频道上，在慢速数据库前看时段内不只一次显示的一种列表。这种列表不应包含于任何(schedule_listings(时间表列表)块(参阅于下)中。此块类型只适用于慢速数据。
common_descrptions(共同描述)：本块包含每一重复的节目描述的单一拷贝，其第一次发生是在由common_descriptions块所涵盖的common_block_time_slot中。一重复的节目描述被定义为：或在一所属的频道群上，或在不属于任何群的单一频道上，在慢速数据库前看时段内不只一次显示的一种描述。这种描述不应包括于任何descriptions(描述)块(参阅于下)中。此块类型只适用于慢速数据。
schedule_listings(时间表列表)：本块包含每一时隙槽的特定的每天的时间表及节目列表。就慢速数据而言，这些列表对应于单一显示(single_show)节目-指在前看时段内只显示一次的那些节目。
descriptions(描述)：本块包含每一时隙的特定的节目描述。就慢速数据而言，这些描述对应于诸单一显示节目_指在前看时段内只显示一次的那些节目。
common_block_time_slot_size(共用块时隙大小)：一4位列举类型字段，它定义common_listings及common_descriptions块的以小时为单位的时隙大小。应该选择这些共用数据块的时隙大小，以便它是由慢速数据块所使用的时隙大小的整数倍或与之相等。下列C语言语句(statement)定义了列举：
enum common_block_time_slot_size{two_hours，three_hours，four_hours，six_hours，eight_hours，twelve_hours，twenty_four_hours，forty_eight_hours，one_hundred_sixty_eight_hours，reserved1..N}；
trickle_block_time_slot_size(慢速块时隙大小)：一4位列举类型字段，它定义慢速schedule_lisings及descriptions块的以小时为单位的时隙大小。下列C语言语句定义了列举：
enum trickle_IPG_time_slot_size{two_hours，three_hours，four_hours，six_hours，eight_hours，twelve_hours，twenty_four_hours，reserved1..N}；
demand_block_time_slot_size(请求块时隙大小)：一4位列举类型字段，它定义请求schedule_listings及descriptions块的以小时为单位的时隙大小。下列C语言语句定义了列举：
  enum trickle_IPG_time_slot_size{reserved1，reserved2，four_hours，six_hours，eight_hours，twelve_hours，twenty_four_hours，reserved3..N}；
time(时间)：一无符号整数，范围是0到23，它表示此块中所定义的数据的起点的一天中的小时点。对基础数据块而言，可忽略时间字段。
date(时间)：一无符号整数，范围是0到0XFFFF，代表着在块中载送时间表数据的日期。第零日为1980年1月6日(GPS第零日)。对基础数据块而言，可忽略日期字段。
bundle_ID(频道捆识别)：频道逻辑上被分成若干”捆“(bundles)，以有效容纳在置顶单元(set_top units)处的不同的频道构成。bundle_ID是一8位无符号整数，范围是0到255，用以识别源频道及群中的每一捆。数值0定义“共用捆”，它包括与所有构成共用的频道；而bundle_ID的其它数值则识别特定捆的构成。典型地，一种置顶转换器需要第0捆及适于其构成的一个或更多的其它捆。
data_block_length(数据块长度)：在块中继之而来的字节数的一24位计数。
offset_to_next_group_or_source(到下一群或源的偏移量)：一24位数，代表到下一群源频道或下一源频道的以字节为单位的距离；即，继特定group_ID(频道群识别)或source_ID(源识别)之后的所有数据的长度。对基础块而言，可忽略本字段。
group_ID(频道群识别)：同一所属的频道群，继其之后施加信息。当is_a_group(是一群)设与时间有关的，在群中的所有源频道共享列表及描述记录识别字(IDs)。对基础块而言，可忽略本字段。
source_ID(源识别)：同一频道，继其之后施加信息。source_ID以唯一方式定义频道的全同(dentity)。对基础块而言，可忽略本字段。
offset_to_next_message_type(到下一信息类型的偏移量)：一24位数，代表到下一信息类型的以字节为单位的距离。
message_type(信息类型)：继之而来与所有信息共用的IPG信息类型。
long_message(长信息)：一布尔标志(Bollean flag)，它指示：当设与时间有关的，信息长度为一15位字段；当清除时，信息长度字段为7位。
message_length(信息长度)：一7或15位字段，定义继之而来的信息主体长度。
message_body( )(信息主体( ))：某一给定IPG信息的主体。虽未存储标题部分，但在诸如group_message_type和message_length的字段中则反映其内容。
word_alignment(字对准)：这些字段供应从零到1字节的填充(padding)：为了处理及定址效率，用以将块的特别部分带到一字边界。
下列是可提供的IPG信息类型的一些例子：
属性名(attribute name)，类名，已命名的类指定，可排序的类指定，可排序的子类(subclass)指定，翻译表，解码表，清除数据，数据库前看，源名，时间表记录，节目标题(或名称)，节目描述，节目包，电视购物(pay_per_view)节目等。
在以下图3的讨论中，提供一特定IPG信息类型的结构，即时间表记录，的一个例子。
从表1明显看出，先按频道号(source_ID)后按信息类型对信息排序。最里面的循环列示了许多在一“群”具有共同信息类型的信息中的信息。
已预先连接的请求IPG数据块被作为多重PID中的高速信息传送。在传输之前，为了最终的传输，可将数据块格式化成文字信息，并包藏在传送帧(如，高阶数据连接控制(High level Date Link Control-“HDLC”帧)内，以便从一串行输出口输出。
以一种与在数字多工系统上的数字服务的传送兼容的方式，将IPG_data_block( )本身传送到解码器。在一种MPEG-2兼容系统中，其中较佳实施例是一个例子，将IPG_data_block( )放在一个包括信息类型(MPEG Table_ID)及长度的信息头里面。整个信息根据对MPEG-2多工系统所定义的包装化规则被包装化，并在由一种MPEG“节目图表”(Program Map Table(PMT)所参考的PID流中传送。
信息头的另一功能是用以提供分段(segmentation)控制。典型地，IPG_data_block( )的一个特例是大于1024个字节；于是，可能必须要加以分段以利传送。
经由通信频道，它可包括，例如：一卫星链路或有线电视分送路径，已传送的信息由多个的接收机所接收。提供一示例性接收机工具相关部分的一种方框图示于图2。经一输入端30，数据接收机32接收已传送的数据流。将已接收的数据提供到一包装流多路分离图34，它将请求及慢速IPG数据包输出到一IPG微处理器36。在传送流中的其它包，它可能包括视频及音频包，也被从包装流多路分解器34输出。
微处理器36将请求和慢速数据流分开处理。如在40处指示的，以由输入数据乘积所建立的一速率处理请求数据流。如在44处指示的，以由输入慢速数据所决定的一速率处理慢速数据流。在一较佳实施例中，请求处理的发生的速率比慢速处理发生的速率高很多。例如，请求流的数据速率应该是1到2百万比特每秒(Mbps)的数量级，而慢速流的数据速率则为10千比特每秒(Kbps)的数量级。由于慢速数据以局部方式存储于接收机的存储器中，就没有必要象从解码器RAM中立即存取它一样在一高速率数据流中提供它。
将慢速数据以及请求数据的选择性部分装入系统RAM50中，是由一个耦俣至微处理器36的存储器管理器(memory manager)48控制的。存储器管理器48将以传统方式，定址RAM50以存储由微处理器36随后恢复的慢速及请求数据，并显示在耦合至一视频处理器52的一监视器54或其同类上。经一用户接口46，选择在请求数据流中所载送的未来时间表的信息的特与时间有关的隙。用户接口46可包括，例如，一种以众所周知的方式耦合至微处理器36的输入指令(insrtructions)的遥控。
存储器管理器48的一种功能是监控在系统RAM50中可用的空闲(free)存储器量。假若可用的存储器量小于存储某一相关时隙的标题和描述记录所必需的存储器量，则为了腾出空间给所有的标题记录，存储器管理器可从系统RAM中清除描述记录。以此方式，一旦标题信息已下装入系统RAM，它立即可被一用户获得。若没有足够空间以存储对应的描述信息，则在需要的基础上可从请求数据流获得用户所需求的一事件的描述记录。由于请求数据以高速率传送，故尚未存储于系统RAM50中的请求描述的获取时间将是相当短的。
最好是，分配给IPG数据的系统RAM50的数量，足以保持至少24小时的当前时间表信息。于是，每一次可容纳至少一全天的事件的时间表信息。在较佳实施例中，在慢速数据流中就要提供至少当天的事件的所有时间表的信息，以便下装入系统RAM50中。
在一实施例中，其中在分散的页中提供由请求及慢速流所载送的数据，且在由传送多工系统中的唯一的PID所识别的分散的包装流中，载送每一页。微处理器36可提供第一和第二PID处理器，以获得跨越两个连续时隙的时间表信息。诸分散的PID处理器可以硬件或以固件方式实现。第一PID处理器会获得第一时隙的含于第一页中的时间表信息；第二PID处理器会获得紧接在第一时隙后的第二时隙的含于第二页中的时间表信息。微处理器将选择性合并由第一和第二PID处理器所获得的时间表信息的各部分，以提供在跨越第一和第二时隙的时间周期内可获得的事件的时间表。将已合并的时间表输出到视频处理器52，以显示在显示装置54上。
为了简化由微处理器36所提供的处理，可将信网上所载送的服务分给许多不同的各自具有其自己的PID的数据流。因为个别的数据速率较小，在该实施例中的处理被简化了。在较高的数据速率下，可能也需要硬件滤波。
有两种不同类型的基本PID，它们组成请求IPD下装服务。其一类型只载送描述诸时隙的记录；另一类型则载送基础数据。描述时隙的记录，包括每天的时间表/标题记录及描述记录。在本发明的一较佳实施例中，以合并标题和描述信息成每天的时间表的“时间表记录”的形式，载送描述时隙的记录。如此的IPG数据记录结构的一个例子图解说明于图3中。应理解到的是，以一种相似的方式传送许多其它的信息类型。
通长指定为60的时间表记录，由source_ID(SID)62和日期64识别。此信息并非存储于载送记录的IPG数据块的信息主体部分中，原因是在多种层次上的块的标题部分内可发现它。时间表记录以N个块×(每时隙一块)的形式传送，经标题记录ID68及描述记录ID70，定义所有标题及描述记录的每一块，由特定节目或事件的开始时间66索引。N个块中的每一个，包含在一特与时间有关的隙内的所有事件的标题及描述信息。
每一标题记录80，包含定义节目或事件的标题的压缩文本。标题记录也包括一类ID82，标题属性84及一收视率(rating)86。类ID82提供一组可排序的主题类及主题子类，用于按一特定主题，诸如体育、电影、喜剧等选择时间表类(schedule categories)。它们也可用于，如识别记录作为一标题记录，或识别一服务作为一电视购物或非电视购物事件。标题属性用以代表以压缩形式表示的多种文本信息。例如，可提供多个(如12个)属性位，每一个代表与所提供的事件相关的不同的信息。就电视节目而言，可由不同属性指示的一些示范信息是：“立体声”，“首映”(premiere)，“重播”(rerun)，“连续剧”(series)，“特别报导”等。收视率86，取自适于电影的标准收视率，并用作电影内容的本质的准绳。在标题记录80中也提供实际的节目标题88。
描述记录90包括一主题类ID92，描述属性94，实际的节目描述96(它可能是压缩的)，以及节目首播的年份98。在描述记录中也包括收视率信息72及一类ID74。描述属性可与标题记录中的属性相同或不同。主题类ID象是标题记录的类ID，并识别诸如：体育、电影、喜剧、名人专访(talk show)，儿童节目等事件的类型。类ID识别记录作为一描述记录。标题和描述记录的结构，使它可能以一种变化无穷的方式，将一服务数据库中的信息传达到系统用户。
表2详细揭示时间表记录的结构。表2的阴影区并非存储于IPG数据块的信息主体部分中，原因是在多种层次上的块的标题部分内可发现它们。并且，daily_schedule(每天的时间表)信息，可包括一整天或一天当中的任何部分的标题/描述参考。于是，时间表记录结构可处理任何所要的时隙大小。                                        表2
daity_schedule_message( ){group_schedule_byterescrvedgroup_scheduleif{group_schedule}{reservedgroup_ID}else{source_ID}schedule datenumber_of_entries_fieldreservednumber_of_entriesfor(i＝＝0；i＜number_of_entries；i++){program_listing_referencelisting_IDdescription_presentstart_timeif(dcscription_prcsent is set){description_ID_rcferencereserveddescription_ID}}}   值   字节     位数/描述
  871881616826241211116411    1(1)(1)(2)21(3)((2)) 7-1：预留0：{no，yes}日7-6：预留5-0：范围0-6323-12：11：{no，yes}10：0：自子夜之后的分钟15-12：11-0：
当group_schedule(群时间表)被设与时间有关的，时间表被指定给一群源，而不是单一源。当group_schedule为假(false)时，源属于一有关联的群，每天的时间表是一例外时间表：即，每天的时间表定义源的时间表和基线(base_line)群时间表之间的差异。当group_schedule为假，且源不属于一有关联的群时，则时间表唯一地定义独立源的每天的节目。
group ID(群识别)载明每天的时间表被指定的同一群。
source_ID(源识别)载明每天的时间表被指定的同一源。
schedule date(时间表日期)载明每天的时间表的日历日(第0日＝1980年，1月6日)。
number of entries(登记录项数)载明由每天的时间表所参考的节目数。
listing_ID(列表识别)识别在给定start_time(开始时间)时所显示的节目列表。
description_present(描述呈现)指示一节目描述记录是否被某start_time参考。
description_ID(描述识别)识别在某start_time时所显示的节目描述。
需要时，可安排IPG流中的数据块，使描述记录以比时间表/标题数据慢的速率重复。一种安排是，每隔一次经过数据就跳过(skip)描述记录一次。在另一种安排中，所有要提供的时间表/标题块与描述的第一个半部交插；然后，所有要传送的时间表/标题块与描述数据的第二个半部交插；以此方式将数据加以交插并组织。重复这种格式，使在任一时间下，只有描述的一半连同所有时间表/标题块被传送。
图4说明在一前看时段上的IPG数据的安排。例如，慢速数据流可能包含当前24小时周期的时间表的信息，而请求数据流可能包含当前周期加上一额外六天的信息，以提供一周周期的时间表信息。就请求数据流而言，前看时段106因此为七天。如在时间线100上所指示的，七天时段被割分成若干时隙(如，一次二小时)。时间表数据由时隙所组织成；于是，在由唯一的PID(PID1)所识别的第一页102a中，提供第一时隙的所有时间表数据。每一连续时隙的数据的每一连续页，由其自己的PID识别。在前看时段106中的最后时隙由具有PIDN的页104a占用。
下一个七天的前看时时使用相同的格式。下一个前看时段的第一时隙由页102b占用，在包装流中由PID1识别页102b中的包。图4说明了第二前看时段中的最后时隙由页104b占用页。104b的载送时间表的信息的数据包由PIDN识别。对连续的前看时段而言，这种格式无限延续下去。
图5说明了用于将IPG数据槽指定给PID_select(PIDS)的一种方案。PID_select(包装识别字选择)，用于选择其中要传送一特定数据块到解码器的PIG。
包含与时间有关的IPG数据块的时隙被依序编号，如，从GPS第零日开始。总的来说，若要用N个PID，则将时隙分隔成大小为N的群。将第一N-时隙群中的第一时隙指定给PIDS0(即，PID_select＝0)。第二时隙就指定给PIDS1，依此类推。图5说明了该种指定所用的范例具有四个PID，一个八小时时隙大小及一个21时隙(即，一周)数据库前时段。每一时隙110包含时间表/标题数据块112及描述数据块114。
说明于图5中的PIDS指定的IPG数据时隙总是保证将两个连续时隙指定给两个不同的PIDS；这是由于PIDS的时隙呈交错状指定(the staggered assignment)。其结果是，假若需要两个时隙以组成显示给用户的一种时间表的网格；则在两个PID处理器(如，在微处理器36中以固件方式实现的图2)之间，可均匀划分数据获取/处理工作。并且，准备时间转变(time transitions)(如，若时隙大小是2小时，则在时隙交界处；或者，若时隙大小超过2小时，则在进入每一时隙的二小时处)中，N个PIDS(假设N＞1)中只有二个需要通过删除一过去时隙并加入一未来时隙而更新。
参考图5，由于时隙大小(八小时)大于二，故在进入时隙127的二小时处(即，于当月第17日上午10：00时，现在时间落入时隙126中)，执行更新操作。这就需要将时隙126从PIDS2中删除，并将时隙147加入PIDS3，如在110′处所指示的。虽然在每一PID中的数据块的版本可能有所改变，但其它PIDS(在时隙128、129中的PIDS0和1)则保持原状。这种方法允许在转变时间处平滑转变至一新的服务定义，而不会打断解码器中的处理。
现在应该理解的是，本发明提供一种方法及装置，用于经载送多种信息服务的信息网络，传送并处理事件的一交互式指南。在交互式指南中所列的事件，可由订阅提供该事件的信息服务，或根据个人需要通过购买该事件而取得。在当前时间表信息的一慢速数据流及未来时间表信息的一请求数据流中，可传送交互式指南的数据。为了瞬时恢复，在接收机处存储来自慢速数据流的当前数据。为了选择性恢复某一相关时间周期的时间表信息，在一高速数据流中以周期性方式提供请求数据。标题和描述记录分开传送，使得标题信息可从请求数据流迅速恢复以此同时，如果需要的话，描述数据以一较慢的速度随之而来，以维持数据流在系统带宽及解码器存储器资源限度内。以一预先格式化方式，可传送时间表的数据，在减少在解码器处必需的处理量。
可在一已包装化传送流中提供已传送时间表的数据，在该流中在不同的包流中载送不同类的数据，每一包流具有其自己的包识别字(PID)。在解码器处便于迅速恢复并处理时间表的数据是通过提供来自时间表的数据库的单个页；由时隙组织；在已传送数据流中，第一页具有其自己的PID实现的。以引方式，当一用户选择了一个所要的时间表信息的时隙时，解码器只需定出该时隙的PID位置，在该PID下，就可从所传送的包中恢复所有必需的节目指南信息。在PID识别数据作为基础数据下，为基础数据提供一分散的包装流。
在解码器处的存储器管理可分配可用的存储器资源，以维持对由慢速数据流所提供的当前时间表信息的瞬时存取；在此同时，在需要的基础上，将存储器分配给请求数据流。
虽然已描述了与多种较佳实施例有关的发明，但应该理解的是，在不背离如权利要求中所提出的精神及范围的前提下，可进行许多改变及修改。

Claims (25)

1、一种方法用于经一个信息网络给事件提供交互式指南，在该信息网络上可获得该事件，包括以下步骤：
提供多个数据库页用于在所述信息网络上通信，每页对应于一时隙，在该时隙期间在网络上可获得事件；
将包括于交互式指南中每一事件的时间表数据插入到时隙的数据库页中，在该时隙期间提供事件，且
以选定的传输速率经所述信息网络传送所述数据库页，所选定的传输速率使恢复一特定数据库页能在一预定的获取时限内，用以恢复由该页所代表的时隙的时间表数据。
2、根据权利要求1的一种方法，其中所述时间表数据代表用以识别由在特与时间有关的间的特定信息服务所提供的事件的信息服务及信息，该方法包括另一步骤：
按照信息服务及信息类型排序所述时间表数据，用于以一预先格式化形式插入数据库页中，时间表数据系以预先格式化形式被传送，使在一解码器处便于按照时隙显示时间表，而不用在解码器处排序。
3、根据权利要求1的一种方法，其中：
该传送步骤以一包装的传送流传送该数据库页，该传送流中在不同的包装流中载送不同类的数据，每一包装流有一唯一的包识别字(PID)；且
在至少一个由唯一的PID识别的包装流中载送数据库页。
4、根据权利要求3的一种方法，其中：
数据库页中的每一页在具有该页的唯一的PID的一分散的包装流中载送。
5、根据权利要求4的一种方法，包括另一步骤：
提供一附加的数据流，此数据流包含了对在所述数据库页中载送的时间表数据解码所需的基础数据，该附加的数据流具有其自己的PID。
6、根据权利要求3的一种方法，包括另一步骤：
提供一附加的数据流，此数据流包含了对在所述数据库页中载送的时间表数据解码所需的基础数据，该附加的数据流具有其自己的PID。
7、根据权利要求3的一种方法，其中所述数据库页包含超过当前时间周期的时间周期的时间表数据，该方法尚包含下列步骤：
提供一分散的数据流，包含所述当前时间周期的时间表信息，该分散的数据流具有其自己的PID，并以比提供在数据库页中载送的时间表数据的速率慢的速率，提供当前时间周期的时间表信息。
8、根据权利要求7的一种方法，其中所述当前时间周期是一当前的24小时周期。
9、根据权利要求1的一种方法，其中对要包括于交互式指南中的每一事件而言，所述时间表数据包括一包含该事件的标题信息的标题记录，且可选择性地包括一包含该事件的描述信息的描述记录，由此可在一解码器处，独立于一事件的标题信息处理该事件的描述信息。
10、根据权利要求9的一种方法，包括另一步骤：将所述标题和描述记录的插入在所述数据库页内分配，从而在一比传送描述信息高的速率传送标题信息。
11、根据权利要求10的一种方法，其中将一相关时隙的标题和描述记录存储于解码器的一个存储器中，包括另外一些步骤：
监控用于存储记录的可用的存储器量；及
假若可用的存储器量少于存储某一相关时隙的标题和描述记录所必需的存储器量，则将描述记录清除以腾出空间给标题记录。
12、根据权利要求9的一种方法，其中将一相关时隙的标题和描述记录存储于解码器的一个存储器中，包括另外一些步骤：
监控用于存储记录的可用的存储器量；及
假若可用的存储器量少于存储某一相关时隙的标题记录所必需的存储器量，则将描述记录清除，以腾出空间给标题记录。
13、根据权利要求9的一种方法，其中所述时间表数据还包括时间表数据所属的时隙的一个时间表记录，所述时间表记录包含用以交叉参考具有一事件的标题记录和描述记录的该事件的开始时间的标题和描述记录的识别字。
14、一种解码器，用于经一其上可获得列示于节目指南中的事件的信息网络，从所接收的数据中提供一种交互式节目指南(IPG)，包括：装置，用于以第一数据速率恢复来自所述信息网的IPG慢速数据，所述慢速数据包括当前时间表信息，用于存储于一解码器存储器中，且在当前时间周期期间随时非常瞬时地显示；
装置，用于以比所述第一数据速率快的第二数据速率，选择性恢复来自信息网络的IPG请求数据，所述请求数据按页提供，并包括未来时间表信息，所述页中的每一页包含不同的未来时隙的请求数据；及
装置，用于在从信息网恢复请求数据后，为了显示而存储已选择性恢复的IPG请求数据的各页。
15、根据权利要求14的一个解码器，其中从至少一个包含一连续的包的已包装化传送流中接收IPG慢速数据及IPG请求数据，慢速数据的包由一个第一包识别字(PID)识别，而请求数据的各页的包则由至少一个第二PID识别。
16、根据权利要求15的一个解码器，其中IPG请求数据中的每一页对应于一不同的时隙，并具有唯一的PID。
17、根据权利要求15的一个解码器，其中对应于一不同时隙的IPG请求数据的每一页具有唯一的页识别字，并且在一共用的PID下传送许多页。
18、根据权利要求14的一个解码器，其中对要包括于交互式指南中的每一事件而言，所述时间表信息包括一包含该事件的标题信息的标题记录，且视情况可包括一包含该事件的描述信息的描述记录，解码器还包括：
装置，用于从当前和未来时间表信息中恢复时间表记录，所述时间表记录包含用以交叉参考具有为一事件所提供的标题和描述记录的该事件的开始时间的标题和描述记录的识别字；及
响应用户输入的输入用于根据包含于时间表记录中的信息选择性输出特定时隙的标题信息及特定节目的描述。
19、根据权利要求18的一个解码器，还包括；
用以监控在所述存储装置中的可用的存储器量的装置；及
假若可用的存储器量少于存储某一相关时隙的标题和描述记录所需要的存储器量，则将描述记录清除以腾出空间给在存储装置中的标题记录。
20、根据权利要求14的一个解码器，其中所述解码器存储器的大小是足以保证至少24小时的当前时间表信息，且所述慢速数据每一次提供至少一全天的事件的时间表信息。
21、根据权利要求15的一个解码器，其中所述页中的每一页在具有该页的唯一的PID的分散的包装流中载送，该解码器还包括：
一种用以获得在第一时隙的第一页中所包含的时间表信息的第一PID处理器；
一种用以获得在紧接在第一时隙之后的第二时隙的第二页中所包含的时间表信息的第二PID处理器；及
装置，用于选择性合并由第一PID处理器获得的时间表信息的一部分和由第二PID处理器获得的时间表信息的一部分，以提供在跨越第一和第二时隙的时间周期期间可获得的事件的时间表。
22、一种方法，用于经一信息网络，从所接收的数据中提供一种交互式节目指南(IPG)，在该信息网上可获得列示于节目指南中的事件，该方法包括以诸步骤：
以第一数据速率提供一IPG慢速数据流，所述慢速数据流包括用于传送到并存储于一解码器的当前时间表信息，以使在一与解码器耦合的显示装置上能瞬时显示当前时间表信息的各部分。
以比第一数据速率快的第二数据速率提供一IPG请求数据流，所述请求数据按页提供并包括未来时间表信息，所述页中的每一页包含至少一个不同的未来时隙的请求数据，选择所述第二数据速率以使在一预定的获取时限内能将未来时间表信息的各部分选择性获取并显示在显示装置上；及
在信息网络上，慢速数据流以第一速率传送，而请求数据流则以第二速率传送，以供全体解码器接收。
23、根据权利要求22的一种方法，其中当前和未来时间表信息代表用以识别由在特与时间有关的间的特定信息服务所提供的事件的信息服务及信息，所述方法包括另一步骤：
按照信息服务及信息类型将时间表信息排序，以便以一预先格式化形式传输到所述解码器，由此使在解码器处，便于按照时隙显示时间表，而不用在解码器处排序。
24、根据权利要求22的一种方法，其中对要包括于交互式指南中的每一事件而言，所述时间表信息包括一包含该事件的标题信息的标题记录，且视情况可包括一包含该事件的描述信息的描述记录，由此可在解码器处，独立于一事件的标题信息处理该事件的描述信息。
25、根据权利要求24的一种方法，包括另一步骤：在所述请求数据内分配所述标题和描述记录的传输，以比传送所述描述信息高的速率传送所述标题信息。
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US5801753A (en) 1998-09-01
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US5844620A (en) 1998-12-01
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