CN1155154C - 电容性触摸传感器 - Google Patents
电容性触摸传感器 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
- H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/96—Touch switches
- H03K17/962—Capacitive touch switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/9401—Calibration techniques
- H03K2217/94026—Automatic threshold calibration; e.g. threshold automatically adapts to ambient conditions or follows variation of input
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/9401—Calibration techniques
- H03K2217/94031—Calibration involving digital processing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/960755—Constructional details of capacitive touch and proximity switches
- H03K2217/960775—Emitter-receiver or "fringe" type detection, i.e. one or more field emitting electrodes and corresponding one or more receiving electrodes
Abstract
一种低阻抗触摸传感器探测人类使用者对一个电介质基底(10)的手动触摸。该触摸传感器含有一个具有闭合、连续几何形状的第一导电电极垫(16)和一个第二导电电极(18),后者通过一个通道(20)以有间隔的、共平面的关系基本上包围着第一电极。第一和第二电极设置在基底的同一个平面状底面(14)上。一个有源电元件(26),例如一个晶体管,位在基底上接近于第一和第二电极处,并与第一和第二电极相电耦合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种触摸面板系统,较具体地,涉及一种附着在一个基底的一侧的触摸传感器,它用于探测使用人对该基底另一侧的触摸。
现有技术
触摸面板用于各种应用场合,以取代普通的机械开关,例如厨房用炉、微波炉等等。触摸面板与机械开关不同,它不含有会断裂或磨损的运动元件。与一个基底一起使用的机械开关需要基底上有某种形式的开口,以安装该开关。这些开口和开关本身的开口使尘土、水和其他污染物得以穿过基底,或者被捕获在开关内。某些环境中含有大量的污染物,它们能穿过基底开口,引起基底后面的元件短路或损坏。然而,触摸面板可以在基底中没有任何开口的情形下制作在一个连续的基底片上。而且,由于触摸面板没有易于集中尘土和其他污染物的开口和空洞,所以它很容易清洁。
现有触摸面板的设计是在基底的两侧都有触摸垫电极,也就是在基底的“前”表面和“后”表面都附着有电极。典型的情况是在基底的前表面附着一个氧化锡锑(TAO)电极,在后表面附着有一些附加的电极。当使用人触摸TAO电极时该触摸垫被激活。这种设计使TAO电极易于被例如划伤、清洗溶剂和有腐蚀性的清洗垫等所损坏。此外,TAO电极增加了触摸面板的成本和复杂性。
已有的触摸面板往往采用高阻抗设计,这在基底上有水或呈其他液体的情况下可能造成触摸面板工作失常。这对于通常存在有液体的地方,例如厨房,会造成问题。由于触摸垫的阻抗比水高,所以对于内触摸垫所产生的电场,水将起导体的作用。于是电场走向将沿着最小阻抗,即水的路径。还有,由于高阻抗设计,静电也可能会导致触摸板工作失常。触摸垫的高阻抗阻止了静电的快速消散。
现有的触摸面板设计还存在着与各触摸垫之间的互相串扰有关的问题。当一个触摸垫所产生的电场与相邻触摸垫所产生的电场互相干扰时将出现串扰,造成错误的激活,例如激活不该激活的触摸垫,或者同时激活两个触摸垫。
已有的触摸面板设计采用各个无源的触摸垫。在各触摸垫近邻处没有有源元件。其中是用导线把各个无源的触摸垫连接到有源的探测电路上去的。随着各触摸垫相对于探测电路的位置不同,各条触摸垫引线有不同的长度。还有,随着引线路径的不同,各条引线有不同的形状。引线长度和形状的不同使得各条引线上的信号电平有不同程度的衰减。例如,一条长而有许多拐角的引线可以比一条短而拐角较少的引线造成大得多的探测信号衰减。因此,探测电路从不同触摸垫所接收到的信号有很大的不同。从而,探测电路必须设计得能够补偿大的信号电平差异。
许多已有的触摸面板采用了接地机构,例如在每个触摸垫的紧邻处采用一个接地环。这些接地机构意味着必须在每个触摸垫附近放置和粘着一些额外的元件,从而增加了触摸面板的复杂性。而且,某些接地机构对各个触摸垫需要有不同的结构,以使到达探测电路的信号电平差异最小。因此,为了设计各种接地机构需要额外的设计时间。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于探测人类使用者的手动触摸并能激活一个被控装置的低阻抗设备,所述设备包括:一电介质基底,其具有第一表面和对面的第二表面;至少一个设置在所述基底的所述第一表面上的触摸传感器,所述触摸传感器包含:一个设置在所述基底的所述第一表面上的第一电极,它具有闭合、连续的几何形状,其面积可至少部分地被人类肢体覆盖;一个设置在所述基底的所述第一表面上的第二电极,其与所述第一电极是有间隔的、共平面的,并至少部分地包围着所述第一电极,形成一个在所述第一电极和第二电极之间的通道;和一个设置在所述基底上的有源电元件,它邻近所述第一和第二电极,并与所述第一和第二电极相电耦合;一条读取线,设置在所述基底的所述第一表面上,并电耦合至所述第一或第二电极中的至少一个;其中,一读取信号被施加给所述读取线,所述读取信号在所述第一和第二电极之间产生一个电场;一条传感线,设置在所述基底的所述第一表面上,并邻近所述第一和第二电极;其中人类对贴近所述触摸传感器的所述基底的触摸激活所述被控装置。
本发明通过提供一种只附着在电介质基底的一侧的有源、低阻抗触摸传感器,解决了上述与现有触摸面板设计相关的问题。本发明的触摸传感器有一个第一导电电极垫和一个以有间隔方式基本包围着第一电极的第二导电电极。第一电极垫具有闭合连续的几何形状,其面积可向人类肢体的一部分提供实用的触摸范围。两个电极都附着在基底的同一表面上。紧邻着两个电极放置了一个有源电元件。
本发明的触摸垫可以代替现有触摸垫或普通开关使用。当使用人用其肢体的一部分,例如一个指尖,触摸该基底时,触摸垫就被激活。这种触摸垫可以用来接通或断开一个装置、调节温度、设定一个时钟或计时器,或者实现普通开关所执行的任何其他功能。除了解决与现有触摸垫设计有关的问题之外,本发明对于现在采用薄膜型开关的应用,例如复印机和传真机,是特别有用的。本发明的触摸垫设计在基底上存在液体时以及存在静电时都能正常工作。本触摸垫非常适用于厨房或通常存在有水、油脂和其他液体的环境,例如用作烤炉、电炉和内设炊具等的控制面板。
在优选形式中,触摸垫电极附着在基底的背面。基底的背面位于“前”表面或“触摸”表面的对面,因此这防止了使用人与电极相接触。由于触摸垫不位在基底的前表面上,所以它不会被划痕、与基底前表面相接触的清洁液或任何其他污染物所损坏。而且,由于在基底的前表面上不需要TAO垫,所以该触摸面板的成本和复杂性也都减小了。
在优选的形式中,有一条读取线连接到外电极上,并向外电极传送一个读取信号。施加给读取线的读取信号在外电极和中央电极之间产生一个电场。两个电场路径是互相相背的,由此减少了相邻触摸垫之间发生串扰的可能性。电场路往的形状是弧形的,并且延伸得穿过基底并经过前表面。基底上邻近触摸垫处附着有一条传感线,它把来自触摸垫的探测信号传送给一个峰值探测电路。当基底被一个使用人触摸时,探测信号的电平将发生变化。
在优选形式中,在每个触摸垫处有一个有源电元件,例如一个安装在表面的晶体管。该晶体管最好连接在各个触摸垫的传感线、中央电极、和外电极之间。该晶体管的作用是放大和缓冲触摸垫处的探测信号,以此来减少由于引线长度和引线路径的不同所造成的各个触摸垫之间的信号电平差异。因此,从一个触摸垫到另一个触摸垫的电压值差别大为降低,得到所有触摸垫之间的更为一致的探测电压。
多个触摸垫可以以矩阵的形式排列在基底上。利用矩阵布局,读取信号可以施加给触摸垫的某一个特定列,而传感线则监测触摸垫的某一个特定行。通过给触摸垫的某一列施加读取信号,并监测触摸垫某一行的传感线,便可以选出一个特定的触摸垫。
附图简述
图1示出当除去晶体管和电阻时从基底后表面看去的本发明触摸垫;
图2是当除去晶体管和电阻时触摸垫和基底的侧视横截面图;
图3是与图1相同的图,但已附着有晶体管和电阻;
图4是与图2相同的图,但已附着有晶体管和电阻;
图5是图3所示触摸垫的电原理图;
图6示出当除去晶体管和电阻时从基底后表面看去的根据本发明的触摸垫矩阵。
图7是附着在一个基底上的三个相邻触摸垫的侧视横截面图;
图8示出读取信号的波形;
图9示出传感线上探测信号的波形;
图10示出当触摸垫未被触摸时峰值探测器输出信号的波形;
图11示出当使用人触摸触摸垫时峰值探测器输出信号的波形;
图12是触摸垫矩阵控制电路的方框图;
图13是图11所示峰值探测器电路的电原理图;以及
图14A和14B示出详细说明微处理器在监测触摸垫矩阵时的工作的流程图。
优选实施例的详细说明
参见图1,那里示出一个触摸垫被附着在一个电介质基底10上。基底10有基本均匀的厚度,它能由任何类型的电介质材料来制作,例如玻璃、陶瓷、或塑料。在优选实施例中,基底10由玻璃制成,均匀的厚度约为3mm。基底10的厚度视具体的应用可有所改变,例如在需要额外强度时可使用较厚的基底。当基底10由玻璃制成时,它可以薄到约1.1mm,厚到约5mm。当基底10由塑料制成时,它的厚度可以薄于1mm,与塑料薄膜开关中使用的材料类似。薄的基底10可以使触摸垫被带手套或两指手套的使用人操作。
基底10有一个前表面12和一个后表面14(如图2所示)。使用人通过触摸基底10的前表面12来激活触摸垫。触摸垫含有一个薄的导电中央电极垫16和一个薄的、基本上包围着中央电极的导电外电极18。在中央电极16和外电极18之间有一个通道20。电极16和18的布置使得通道20的宽度基本均匀。
中央电极16的大小最好使得当它被使用人的指尖或肢体其他部分触摸时,电极基本上被覆盖。
在优选实施例中,中央电极16是方形的,外电极18是与中央电极形状相应的方形。不过,应该理解,中央电极也可以采用其他各种闭合、连续的几何形状,可以举出的非限制性的例子有:长方形、梯形、圆、椭圆、三角形、六边形和八边形等。不论中央电极16的形状如何,外电极18总是基本上以保持一定间隔的方式包围着中央电极,从而通道20的宽度总的来说是均匀的。
中央电极16最好是一个实心的导体。然而,中央电极16也可以含有多个开孔,或者具有网格或栅格图案。重要的是,中央电极16应该具有多个基本上位于同一平面内的,电位相同的电接触点。
如图1所示,有一条读出线22连接在外电极18上。读出线22向外电极18提供一个读出信号(示于图8)。在本优选实施例中,读出信号是一个频率在100KHz和200KHz之间的在、0V和+5V之间振荡的方波。或者,随着所用探测电路的不同,读出信号的频率也可以小于100KHz或大于200KHz。此外,根据从被控制装置容易得到的电压大小,读出信号的振荡幅度范围也可以在0V和+3V、0V和+12V、0V和+24V、-5V和+5V之间,或者是任何其他的范围。
读出信号有一个陡锐的上升沿(示于图8),它在外电极18和内电极16之间产生一个电位差。电极16和18之间的电位差在两电极间产生一个弧形电场,如图2中的虚线所示。该电场穿越基底10并通过前表面12。
虽然在图2中没有示出,但电极16和18之间的电场还有一个类似的弧形路径,它不是穿越基底,而是沿背离基底的方向延伸。这个路径是图2虚线所示路径的镜象,它不是向上延伸而是向下延伸。
如图2所示,所产生的两个电场是互相相对的。例如,图2所示的两个电场路径从电极18上触摸垫的相对两侧处出发。由于两个电场路径都终止于中央电极16,所以两个路径是互相迎面走向的。这样,所有的电场路径都从外电极18出发,并向着中央电极16向内走向。
再次参阅图1,在基底10上邻近外电极18处附着有一条传感线24。传感线24把来自触摸垫的探测信号传送到下面要讨论的探测电路的其余部分。
如图3所示,在触摸垫上连接有一个表面敷设晶体管26和一个表面敷设电阻28。电阻28连接在中央电极16和外电极18之间。在本优选实施例中,电阻28的阻值是10KΩ,由此为触摸垫提供了一个比较低的放电输入阻抗。
晶体管26连接在中央电极16、外电极18和传感线24之间。在本实施例中,晶体管26是一个PNP晶体管,例如2N3086。晶体管26的基极连接在内电极16上,晶体管26的发射极连接在外电极18上,晶体管26的集电极连接在传感线24上。晶体管26直接在触摸垫上对探测信号提供放大和缓冲。或者,也可以使用一个NPN晶体管、MOSFET(金属氧化物半导体场效应管)、或其他可触发的有源电元件来代替PNP晶体管。
图5示出关于晶体管26和电阻28连接到触摸垫上的一个原理性模型。在图5中,电极16和18之间的电容性耦合被表示成一个电容,电阻28与该电容相并联。电阻28的作用是使电极16和18所形成的电容放电。电容27代表寄生电容和使用人的触摸后果。电容21代表读出线22上的寄生电容。电容23代表传感线24上的寄生电容。可以用电阻25来补偿各不同晶体管之间的β值(放大率)差异和补偿由温度引起的晶体管工作特性差异。不过,在本优选形式中,电阻25的值是0Ω,也就是没有使用电阻25。
在本优选实施例中,电极16和18、读出线22、和传感线24是附着在一个柔性载体上的,该载体由诸如Consolidated GraphicsNO.HS-500,Type 561,Level 2,0.005 inches thick(ConsolidatedGraphics,代号HS-500,型号561,等级2,厚度0.005英寸)这样的聚脂材料做成。电极16和18、读出线22、和传感线24用例如Acheson No.427SS,0.5mills thick(Acheson,代号427SS,0.5毫英寸厚)这样的导电银墨汁形成。然后在各电极和引线上附着晶体管26和电阻28。在各电极和引线上面敷设了一个电介质层,以保护导电表面。该电介质最好是Acheson No.ML 25089,1.5mills thick(Acheson,代号ML25089,1.5毫英寸厚)。然后用诸如3M No.467(3M,代号467)的胶把柔性载体粘结在基底10上。柔性载体可以弯曲或扭曲,以适配基底10的形状。
另外的做法是,可以直接把电极16和18、读出线22、和传感线24附着在基底10上。然后把晶体管26和电阻28附着在电极16和18以及传感线24上。
参见图6,那里在基底10上附着了一个触摸垫矩阵。该矩阵中的每个触摸垫都与上面讨论的单个触摸垫有相同的构造。而且,如前所述,每个触摸垫都含有一个晶体管26和一个电阻28。这些触摸垫按各行和各列排列,并附着在基底10上。在每个特定列上的各个触摸垫都连接在一条共同的读出线22上。在每个特定行上的各个触摸垫都连接在一条共同的传感线24上。这样,不会有两个触摸垫连接在读出线22和传感线24同样的组合上。
尽管图6示出了触摸垫矩阵的一个特定的排列,但必须理解,根据具体的应用,任意数目的触摸垫可以以任何图案排列。各触摸垫不一定要按行和列来排列。各触摸垫也可以在基底上随机地布置,或者以圆形式对角线形式排列。在一个基底上可以附着的触摸垫数目仅仅受该基底尺寸的限制。
参见图7,那里示出在基底10上附着了三个相邻的触摸垫。与各个触摸垫相对应的电场用虚线示出。如前面对单个触摸垫所说明的那样,电场路径从外电极18出发,沿着弧形路径向外穿过基底10,并返回到中央电极16。由于由各个触摸垫所产生的电场都指向触摸垫的中央,所以各相邻触摸垫的电场是互相相背的,也即沿着相反的方向走向。这样,相邻触摸垫之间的串扰机会被减少了。
在另一个实施例中,外电极18不基本上包围着中央电极16。电极16和18布局的一个重要特征是能产生相背的电场。这样,当存在一个相邻的触摸垫时,唯一需要的是一个相背的电场。例如,如果要在一个基底上一直线地安排三个触摸垫,则外电极18要位在各相邻触摸垫之间。如果三个触摸垫的中间那个在其左侧和右侧都有相邻的触摸垫,则外电极18应位在中间触摸垫的左侧和右侧。然而,因为没有相邻的触摸垫位在中间触摸垫的上方或下方,所以在中间触摸垫的上方或下方没有串扰的可能。因此,在中间触摸垫的上方或下方不需要外电极18。类似地,由于三个触摸垫布局中两端的那两个触摸垫仅仅在其一侧有一个相邻的触摸垫,所以只需要在有相邻触摸垫的那一侧有外电极18。
参见图12,那里显示出一个用于触摸垫矩阵的控制电路的方框图。一个振荡器30在线32上产生一个起读出信号作用的方波。一个选通器34接收来自振荡器30的读出信号。一个微处理器36,例如Motorola Mc68HC05P9,在线38上产生读出地址,提供给选通器34。读出地址使选通器34从几条接收读出信号的输出线中选出一条。选通器34的每条输出线都连接到触摸垫矩阵的一个特定列的一条读出线22上。这样,振荡器30的输出通过选通器34被连接到触摸垫矩阵一个特定列的读出线22上。
微处理器36还在线48上产生一个传感地址,提供给分路器46。传感地址使分路器46从几条要被作为传感线监测的输入线中选出一条。每条输入线代表触摸垫矩阵某一特定行的传感线24。这样,通过“读出”一个触摸垫列,同时“传感”一个触摸垫行,就可以有选择地监测矩阵中的一个特定的触摸垫。或者,触摸垫矩阵也可以布局得使监测是通过“读出”一个触摸垫行和“传感”一个触摸垫列来完成的。
由分路器46选出的传感线24通过线50连接在一个峰值探测器和放大器电路52上。电路52的输出通过线54提供给微处理器36。微处理器36中运行的算法根据从电路52接收到的信号,确定被控制的装置58是应该激活、消激活、还是调整。
图13所示的峰值探测器和放大器电路既可用于单个触摸垫设计,也可用于多触摸垫设计,例如触摸垫矩阵。图13的左半部分代表峰值探测器电路,右半部分代表放大器电路。探测信号由传感线24传送给运算放大器64的非反相输入端。在传感线24和地之间连接有一个电阻62。电阻62的值最好是10KΩ。在+5V和运算放大器64的输出端之间连接有一个提压电阻66。在本优选实施例中电阻66的值为10KΩ。运算放大器64的输出端通过二极管67连接到运算放大器64的反相输入端上。在地和运算放大器64的反相输入端之间并联着一个电阻68和一个电容70。运算放大器64和72最好是LM339型的。
运算放大器72的非反相输入端接收来自峰值探测电路的输出信号。在+5V和运算放大器72的输出端82之间连接有一个提压电阻74。在本优选实施例中,电阻74的值是10KΩ。输出端82通过一个电阻78连接到运算放大器72的反相输入端上。在运算放大器72的反相输入端和地之间连接有一个电阻76。在输出端82和地之间连接有一个电容80。
电阻76和78的值确定了该放大器电路的放大率。在本优选实施例中电阻76的值为66KΩ,电阻78的值为100KΩ。如熟悉本技术领域的人们所知,如果希望有不同的放大率,可以给电阻76和78取不同的值。此外,也可以采用不需要在峰值探测器的输出端上连接放大器的探测电路。熟悉本技术领域的人们应该知道这种探测电路。
工作中,当使用人触摸了基底10时触摸垫就被激活。触摸垫能够探测到指尖或者可以使电场受到足够扰动的其他肢体部分,如指关节、手掌或肘部的触摸。
图8所示的读出信号被施加到与外电极18相连接读出线22上。读出信号的上升时间最好为7ns左右。不过,直到110ns的上升时间也可以采用。较快的上升时间,例如7ns,将提供较低的输入阻抗,因此是首先考虑的。 如前所述,读出信号在触摸垫处产生一个电场。当基底10未被触摸时,传感线24上呈现图9所示的波形。每一个读出信号脉冲的上升沿都使晶体管26导通,使晶体管有基极电流流动。然后由电极16和18所形成的电容通过电阻28放电,直到下一个脉冲来到。
晶体管26的基极电流由公式I攬B攭=C(dV/dT)确定,其中I攬B攭是基极电流、C是触摸垫的电容、dV/dT是电压随时间的变化。电压随时间的变化是由振荡的读出信号的电平改变造成的。当使用人触摸由电极16和18所组成的触摸垫时,触摸垫电容的电荷减少,而寄生电容27的电荷增加。
晶体管26放大和缓冲每个触摸垫处的探测信号。这减少了由于不同的引线长度和引线路径所造成的各个触摸垫之间的信号电平差别,通过提供更为一致的探测信号电平,便有可能在保持信号电平在0V和+5V之间的同时有较大的放大率。
图9所示的波形被施加给图13所示的峰值探测器电路。未被触摸时的峰值探测器输出如图10所示。当被使用人触摸时峰值探测器的输出如图11所示。如图10和11所示出的,两个波形的形状相同,但幅度不同。于是,当使用人触摸触摸垫时,峰值探测器的输出将发生改变。
当采用触摸垫矩阵时,使用一个控制电路(如图12所示)来有选择地监测矩阵中的每个触摸垫。微处理路36通过分别向选通器和分路器输送适当的读出地址和传感地址,依次地选出各个读出线22和各个传感线24。每条传感线24都被峰值探测器52监测,后者放大探测信号并把它传送给微处理器36。
图14a和14b示出一个用来监测触摸垫矩阵的程序的流程图。该程序每次监测一个触摸垫,并依次地扫描矩阵中所有的触摸垫。当接收到一个中断时,该程序便从步骤100开始,步骤102检验系统是否是刚被接通(冷起动)。如果系统是冷起动,则步骤104使所有变量初始化,步骤106使读出计数器和传感计数器复零。
如果系统不是冷起动,则步骤108提取探测信号电平。接着,步骤110确定平均值是否已经初始化。对于每个触摸垫都已经存储了一个平均电平,以确定平均“未触摸”探测信号电平。
如果平均值已经初始化了,则程序跳至步骤114以确定平均探测信号电平和当前探测信号电平之间的差值。如果平均值还没有被初始化,则当前探测信号电平就作为正在被监测的那个特定触摸垫的平均值存储起来。
在步骤116中,如果当前探测信号电平低于平均值,则程序分路到步骤128。在步骤128中,如果设置了平均旗标,则减小平均旗标。平均旗标指明是否要对一个特定信号取平均。因为只有“未触摸”信号需要平均,所以仅当传感到“未触摸”情况时才设置平均旗标。减小了平均值之后,在步骤126中把触摸垫状态设置为不激活(未触摸)。
在步骤116中,如果当前探测信号电平不小于平均值,则步骤118确定其差值是否大于一个预定的设置点。该设置点是一个差值电平阈值,要指明“触摸”状态必须达到这个阈值。如果该差值大于设置点,则步骤120把触摸垫的状态设置为激活(触摸)。
如果步骤118中的差值不大于设置点,则程序分路到步骤122,以确定是否设置了平均旗标。如果没有设置平均旗标,则程序分路到步骤126并把触摸垫状态设置为不激活(未触摸)。如果设置了平均旗标,则在步骤124中增加平均值,然后在步骤126把触摸垫状态设置为不激活。
在步骤132中,本程序确定是否正在传感最后一条读出线。如果当前正在传感的读出线不是最后一条读出线,则在步骤134使读出指针增加1,并跳至步骤158,在那里选择一个新的读出地址和传感地址。如果当前正在传感的是最后一条读出线,则在步骤136中使读出指针复零。在步骤138中,本程序确定当前的传感线是否是最后一条传感线。如果不是,则步骤140使传感指针增加1,并跳至步骤158。
如果当前的传感线是最后一条传感线,则已经完成了对矩阵的全部扫描,于是在步骤142中使传感指针复零。步骤144清除平均旗标,步骤146使平均旗标计数器增加1。如果步骤148确定平均旗标计数器还未满,则程序分路到步骤154。如果平均旗标计数器已满,则在步骤150使该计数器复零,并在步骤152设置平均旗标。
在步骤154,把正在监测的触摸垫的状态从微处理器输出给其余的控制电路。步骤156复零所有的变量,使程序从矩阵的始端开始扫描。在所有的变量都被复零之后,步骤158选择准备要监测的新的读出线和传感线。步骤160使程序返回到步骤100,以等待下一次的中断。
Claims (19)
1.一种用于探测人类使用者的手动触摸并能激活一个被控装置的低阻抗设备,所述设备包括:
一电介质基底,其具有第一表面和对面的第二表面;
至少一个设置在所述基底的所述第一表面上的触摸传感器,所述触摸传感器包含:
一个设置在所述基底的所述第一表面上的第一电极,它具有闭合、连续的几何形状,其面积可至少部分地被人类肢体覆盖;
一个设置在所述基底的所述第一表面上的第二电极,其与所述第一电极是有间隔的、共平面的,并至少部分地包围着所述第一电极,形成一个在所述第一电极和第二电极之间的通道;和
一个设置在所述基底上的有源电元件,它邻近所述第一和第二电极,并与所述第一和第二电极相电耦合;
一条读取线,设置在所述基底的所述第一表面上,并电耦合至所述第一或第二电极中的至少一个;
其中,一读取信号被施加给所述读取线,所述读取信号在所述第一和第二电极之间产生一个电场;
一条传感线,设置在所述基底的所述第一表面上,并邻近所述第一和第二电极;
其中人类对贴近所述触摸传感器的所述基底的触摸激活所述被控装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述设备,其中,所述电场具有从所述第二电极出发并终结于所述第一电极的弧形路径。
3.根据权利要求1所述设备,其中,所述传感线上产生一个表明所述触摸传感器状态的探测信号。
4.根据权利要求3所述设备,其中,所述探测信号被一个探测电路接收,所述探测电路含有一个峰值探测器。
5.根据权利要求3所述设备,其中,当所述使用者的所述肢体触摸贴近所述触摸传感器的所述基底时所述探测信号的电平发生改变。
6.根据权利要求1所述设备,其中,所述基底的所述第一表面是一个非触摸表面,所述基底的所述第二表面是一个触摸表面。
7.根据权利要求1的所述设备,其中,所述基底是玻璃的。
8.根据权利要求1的所述设备,其中,所述基底是塑料的。
9.根据权利要求1的所述设备,其中,所述基底是一个柔性载体。
10.根据权利要求9的所述设备,进一步包括一个第二电介质基底,其具有第一表面和对面的第二表面,所述电介质基底设置在所述第二电介质基底的所述第一表面,以便人类对贴近所述触摸传感器的所述第二电介质基底的触摸激活所述被控装置。
11.根据权利要求10所述设备,其中,所述第二电介质基底的所述第一表面是一个非触摸表面,所述第二电介质基底的所述第二表面是一个触摸表面,以便人类对贴近所述触摸传感器的所述第二电介质基底的所述第二表面的触摸激活所述被控装置。
12.根据权利要求1所述设备,其中,所述通道具有均匀的宽度。
13.根据权利要求1所述设备,其中,所述有源元件包含一晶体管。
14.根据权利要求13所述设备,其中,所述晶体管是PNP晶体管。
15.根据权利要求13所述设备,进一步包括设置在所述基底的所述第一表面上的电阻,其电耦合在所述第一和第二电极之间。
16.根据权利要求13所述设备,其中,所述晶体管具有一个基极,一个集电极和一个发射极,所述晶体管基极连接到所述第一电极,所述晶体管集电极连接到所述传感线,以及所述晶体管发射极连接到所述第二电极。
17.根据权利要求1所述设备,其中,多个触摸传感器设置在所述基底的所述第一表面上,并且排列成包含至少一行触摸传感器和至少一列触摸传感器的矩阵。
18.根据权利要求17所述设备,其中,所述读取线电耦合到传感器的每个所述行,以及所述传感线电耦合到传感器的每个所述列。
19.根据权利要求17所述设备,其中,与所述多个传感器的第一个对应的所述电场是与对应于相邻触摸传感器的所述电场相背向的。
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AU4134596A (en) | 1996-05-15 |
US5594222A (en) | 1997-01-14 |
JP2001503205A (ja) | 2001-03-06 |
DE69533529D1 (de) | 2004-10-21 |
CN1220786A (zh) | 1999-06-23 |
CA2203695A1 (en) | 1996-05-02 |
DK0795233T3 (da) | 2002-09-09 |
MX9703068A (es) | 1998-10-31 |
EP0795233B1 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
JP3798428B2 (ja) | 2006-07-19 |
ATE221708T1 (de) | 2002-08-15 |
DE69533529T2 (de) | 2005-09-29 |
AU706850B2 (en) | 1999-06-24 |
EP1204209B1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
NZ296672A (en) | 2000-09-29 |
EP0795233A4 (zh) | 1997-09-17 |
JP2006085741A (ja) | 2006-03-30 |
WO1996013098A1 (en) | 1996-05-02 |
CA2203695C (en) | 2002-08-06 |
HK1045224A1 (en) | 2002-11-15 |
ES2179890T3 (es) | 2003-02-01 |
EP1204209A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
HK1045224B (zh) | 2005-04-22 |
DK1204209T3 (da) | 2005-01-24 |
DE69527646D1 (de) | 2002-09-05 |
ATE276606T1 (de) | 2004-10-15 |
DE69527646T2 (de) | 2003-02-20 |
EP0795233A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 |
ES2227330T3 (es) | 2005-04-01 |
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