CN1198239C - 便携式计算机 - Google Patents

便携式计算机 Download PDF

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CN1198239C
CN1198239C CNB988107333A CN98810733A CN1198239C CN 1198239 C CN1198239 C CN 1198239C CN B988107333 A CNB988107333 A CN B988107333A CN 98810733 A CN98810733 A CN 98810733A CN 1198239 C CN1198239 C CN 1198239C
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portable computer
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希拉里·林赛·威廉姆斯
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    • G06F15/02—Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general manually operated with input through keyboard and computation using a built-in program, e.g. pocket calculators
    • G06F15/0225—User interface arrangements, e.g. keyboard, display; Interfaces to other computer systems
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    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G06F3/04845—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

一个设计成舒服地握在手里的有一个小显示屏(5)的便携式计算机。可检测笔相对于重力移动的加速度计为微控制器提供输入，微控制器从许多显示模式中选择一个响应。笔可以握在任何一只手上，输出到屏幕的信息将根据笔的位置进行位置取向。个人数字助理的全部功能可被集成在一个相对较小的塑料壳体里，而且可以设计诸如日程表、地址簿之类的功能。

Description

便携式计算机
技术领域
本发明涉及便携式计算机，更具体地但不是绝对地说，涉及有时被称为个人数字助理的手持式计算机。
背景技术
个人数字助理包含有定义诸如电子日记、地址簿和如字处理软件、计算器之类其他应用等项目的数据文件。由于功能强大的存储器和处理器的发展使其有越来越小的封装，使得在相对较小的便携式应用中提供功能十分强大的计算机成为可能。然而，当需要用于数据输入和读出的显示屏和键盘时，就会遇到小型化上的限制。因此，所谓掌上型个人计算机(PPC)为了提供可读显示屏和可用键盘，其大小通常在15cm×17cm的数量级上。这样的掌上型个人计算机是众所周知的，如Psion公司已经生产了具有8兆RAM和处理器的PsionSeries 5(商标)PPC，而惠普公司生产了类似的PPC，如HP320LX(商标)。通过插上所谓闪存卡使RAM扩展到10兆或更多，提供PCMCIA卡使PPC可以通过蜂窝电话或电话插座连接到电话网络上，以便与其他计算机和所谓Internet和Intranet进行通信，这种PPC的功能得到增强。
为了同步数据文件和诸如此类的东西，大多数PPC装有对接装置使其可以与台式计算机或其他主机相连。
然而，通常所说的PPC不耐用并易于损坏，主要是由于合页式的壳体设计需要有一个活动关节用于打开来露出键盘和显示屏。因此，PPC通常更多的用在台面或桌上或也许一手持机一手键入。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供了一种便携式计算机，包括：响应计算机的移动而产生表示该移动的电输出信号的移动检测装置；响应上述移动检测装置的输出而确定定义用户意图的检测到的移动数据的处理装置，该处理装置使用上述数据来提供选自存储的多个可能模式中的一个模式响应；以及一个显示屏；其特征在于，该显示屏显示一个包含了由所存储的数据中推导出的字母数字或图形图像的视图，以及在至少一个上述模式中，上述处理装置响应用于定义一个明显的滚动动作的所检测的移动数据，使该视图卷动；以及响应用于定义一个明显的横向倾斜的所检测移动数据，使该视图相对于当前视图横向移动。
更可取地，移动检测装置包括至少一个响应计算机的移动而产生输出电信号的加速或倾斜检测装置。可以有一多个加速检测装置，每个装置分别产生表示移动在各自方向上的分量的电响应输出信号，检测器安装用来检测彼此成90度角的X和Y方向上的移动分量。
处理装置可能包含一个数据输入模式，以这种模式，检测到的移动数据被用于生成字符或图形数据。字符或图形数据可能被存储在便携式计算机的数据存储器中或被传输装置输出到连接在其他处理设备上的接收装置。
处理装置可能包含一个显示屏输出模式，以这种模式，检测到的移动数据被用于修正到计算机显示屏的输出，从而实现显示信息的卷动。在显示屏输出模式中，处理装置可能响应相对横向倾斜来产生存储在当前显示信息的一侧或另一侧的信息的显示。相对转动可能产生存储在当前显示信息的上面或下面的信息的显示。
在显示屏输出模式中，处理装置可能响应检测到的移动数据根据用户视线来确定计算机显示装置的最可能的方位取向，从而输出到显示装置的信号可能引起显示信息的翻转以便计算机可以放在任何一只手上使用。
计算机可能包含用于产生显示屏到用户视点距离信号指示的距离检测装置。处理装置可能响应相对距离的变化来增减显示信息的密度。
在深入开发中，来源于计算机移动的定义了一个授权用户口令的安全数据被存储下来，处理装置被锁定在安全模式，直到接收到符合安全数据的检测到的移动数据。
计算机可能包含一个声音输入设备，处理装置有一个第二数据输入模式，用这种模式，从输入语音数据中得出字符数据。也可以包括一个声音输出设备来允许从存储的数据中得到语言输出。可替换地，声音输入和输出设备可以结合无线收发机，籍此可以使用蜂窝或其他无线电话网。
计算机可以安装在其形状便于用户象握记录笔一样握计算机的壳体内。壳体更倾向于做成沿长度方向的横截面大体上为辐射状三角形并包括一个用于安装显示屏的平直部分。壳体外形可能在前端握持部分和后端显示屏部分之间存在一个角度，这样的外形有利于在象记录笔一样握在手里的时候产生一个显示屏的自然视角。这种外形也有利于用用户拇指和食指根部与腕关节之间的手背支撑后端显示部分。
附图说明
现在将仅参考如下附图以示例的形式描述根据本发明的一个便携式计算机：
图1给出了计算机的平视图；
图2给出了图1所示计算机的侧视图；
图3是图1所示计算机的电路的原理框图；
图4是给出图3所述电路细节的电路图；
图5是使图1所示计算机与台式机或其他设备连接的对接装置的电路图；
图6到9给出了存储在图4所示微处理器的部分程序的流程图；
图10到13是被微处理器分析的图4所示加速度计的输出的图形表示；
图14是表示图10到13所示加速度计输出的图形比较；
图15是图1所示便携式计算机的省电方案的原理图；
图16是图1所示便携式计算机的语音输入方案的原理图；
图17给出了图4所示加速度计相对于彼此的安装位置；
图18给出了与图16的对于加速度计在特定工作模式下的移动的程序响应表；
图19给出了图1所示便携式计算机的卷动检测器的部分原理图。
具体实施方式
根据图1和2，本发明的手持式计算机有一个其前端具有三角形桶状截面的模压塑料壳体1，趋向端点的辐射侧面的直径约为15mm。壳体外形有一个弯曲部分，以便当用户用拇指、食指和第二指象握记录笔一样握住壳体桶状前端的时候，显示屏部分A-A很舒适地放在手的拇指和食指根部与用户腕部之间的手背上。这提供了额外的支持以允许只用一只手操作整个计算机。在装配后使用O形环状密封圈用类似密封手表部件的方法对壳体密封。在壳体上喷镀蜡质聚乙烯来完成单元密封，以便壳体对于所有的应用意图和目的都是防水的。
壳体在前端配重(如通过包含一个可充电电池2)，以便当计算机跌落到地面时，它倾向于以一种特定的姿态下落，以便包含一些防震措施如添塞橡胶的尖端来保护内部元件免受严重的损坏。这样配重也有助于用户手中时单元的平衡。
壳体可以安装一个用于连接系带或钥匙链的挂钩3并可以有一个口袋夹子4。挂钩最好可以退缩到壳体内部。
外部安装了一个可以是Batron生产的型号为BT42003STYC的小型液晶二极管显示屏。LCD5的一侧提供有触摸或压力敏感开关6到13。这些开关可以被软编程用于提供后面将描述的功能。在显示屏5前面有一个触摸卷动条14(在后面描述)，而且系统包含一个用于确定计算机到人眼距离的热电检测器15。
音频输入输出设备也与报警设备一起被提供。例如，可以包含话筒16，报警器17和扬声器18。在报警器17前面有手指开关18、19、20，其功能也可以软编程。也可以看到用于连接手持计算机对电池2充电和通过对接设备向其他计算机，如台式个人计算机，发送数据的镀金对接插针21。
作为一个从本发明计算机向其他处理设备传输数据或使本发明计算机用做PC机的输入设备的替换方案，在壳体1的前部安装了一个红外收发机22。
也包含了可能有三种或更多颜色的发光二极管23。每种颜色允许有很小的亮度或用于指示或告警功能。可替换地，可以使用Toshiba公司的单红色发光二极管TLSH180P。这个超亮LED可在黑暗环境中辅助夜视而只消耗很低的功耗。
图3给出了计算机元部件的原理框图。可以注意到显示器5从微控制器30接收输入信号，微控制器可以是Microchip生产的PIC16C74。PIC16C74有在片只读存储器(ROM)，但在所选实施例中使用的是用了更大存储器的ARM处理器。在壳体1内也安装了两个加速度计31、32，它可以是Analog Devices公司的ADXL05，并用如National Semiconductor公司的LPC662运算放大器做缓冲驱动。键6到13和18到20在这里用键盘33表示。一些键可以用于控制语音记录器34，语音记录器也用作微控制器30、话筒16和扬声器18之间的接口。也安装了无线发射机35，也可以是无线收发机。
无线发射机的一个功能是允许把本发明的手持计算机作为有对应的接收机36和合适的转换器而无物理连接的台式机或其他PC40的一个输入设备来用。收发机35、36的其他功能将在后面的描述中出现。
现在参照图4，微控制器30连接到使用显示器的标准控制输入的显示器5来产生用户所需的程序动作结果的可视输出。将注意到加速度计31和32有各包含一个运算放大器的相关缓冲电路，用来缓冲到微处理器的输入信号。运算放大器41可以是NationalSemiconductor公司的LPC662。
加速度计31通过晶体管TR2供电，以便当微处理器30确定没有计算机的移动发生或当前程序不需要使用加速度计31和32时，可以设置输出RB1来截止拉出电流以使电池消耗最小。微控制器可以允许在休眠期周期性采样，以便如果计算机被唤醒，传感器可以重新起作用。
系统也配置了Xicor公司型号为X24F064的8K字节EEPROM集成芯片，它可提供8K字节存储器并以熟知的方式为微控制器30所寻址。开关S1到S8(图3中的键33)分别用导线连接到微控制器30的输入端。
注意TR1控制LCD显示器5背后照明电路的电源输入。当计算机休眠时，微控制器30也可以使TR1关断并保持TR1关断状态直到通过操作键盘33的一个键来申请背后照明。
为避免不确定性，在此注意到微控制器30含有一段程序，该程序根据计算机的位置取向使用来自加速度计31、32的位置输出来确定手持计算机是在用户的左手还是右手。这里注意到加速度计的输出可能取决于加速度计相对于地球重力场的倾斜角，键S1到S8以软编程模式交换位置，以便各键在当前位置的功能在显示器5的顶端出现以指示给用户。类似地，显示器5上的字符或其他显示信息的位置取向由计算机本身的位置取向来确定。因而，从微控制器30到显示屏的数据输出被安排产生合适的定向显示。
语音记录器34用Sequoia Technology声音记录集成电路ISD2560来实现。Sequoia Technology芯片可以以数字方式记录60秒语音信息并被连接以便话筒16可被用来产生输入信号。三个开关SW1、SW2和SW3可能对应于图1中的指尖开关18到20或者可能用软件从键6到13中选中。
在语音记录模式中开关SW1为用户提供开始和暂停控制功能，SW2提供停止和复位功能，SW3在录音和放音模式之间切换。
短信息被扬声器18回放。在当前的实现中，话筒16是Maplin公司的QY62S，扬声器是Hosiden公司的HDR9941。用这种方法记录的“语音音符”可以下载到PC机用以排序和分类。
简要地翻到图5，图1的手持计算机可以插入一个相应的对接口，其形状使触点21与图5中的T5到T7匹配。触点T5和T8为PC机和便携式计算机之间的数据库同步提供串行接收和发送路径，并用于电池充电。触点T7提供接地。语音样值和其他数据可以从PC机上载到便携式计算机。
一个Maxim公司的集成电路42，它可以是MAX232IC，把当前PC所要求的RS232电平的串行输出和输入转换为图4中微控制器30所要求的电压电平。也要注意到通过连接到无线接收机芯片AMHRR3-418的一根天线，可以接收无线输入信号。
上面已经讨论了本发明的便携式计算机的硬件，现在我们将考虑各种各样的用途，其中可能会用到记录笔输入、话音输入和显示屏。一个用于便携式计算机一些用途的示例性流程图被附上，尽管在图6到9的流程图中分别讨论了各自的功能，下面将体会到在后面所描述的特性的实现中可能用到的程序的融合。
现在翻到图6，倾斜传感器软件使用来自加速度计31、32的输入，加速度计，如图17所示，其型号另外说明，安装在它们各自的互成90度的敏感轴上。如在图4中所看到的那样，每个加速度计的输出用阻容网络滤波以滤除举例来说高频噪声信号，然后输出信号被微控制器30内的模数变换器读取。因而，参照图6，对于特定的感知过程，微控制器30、显示器5和模数变换电路在100被初始化，微控制器30的中断和端口在105被复位或清除。在110步从微控制器30的模拟输入脚AN0和AN1分别读取加速度计31、32的输出和使用公式I＝a+(b1×16)计算用于查表的索引，其中，a是校正常数，b1是加速度计31的数字化输出。这使得可确定一个16×16矩阵的从左到右位置的查询表。对于垂直倾斜位置，公式I＝a+(b2×16)，这里b2是加速度计32的输出，可以被用于寻址另外一个矩阵以确定相对的上/下位置。通过应用一个或多个索引到查寻表，在115步最后的读操作之后可能从n个显示屏位置中选择一个或者确定移动量。然后如120步所示，在再次读加速度计输出之前系统等待10ms。
程序允许根据用户需求卷动显示屏5。如图17所示，这些传感器的安装使得对于如上、下、左、右的位置移动可分辨到几分之一度。
微控制器30可以采用软件使用加速度计31、32的输出来确定用户关于显示在屏幕5的不同视角的需要。因此产生了一个实际意义上的转动关节，以便如果用户移动记录笔，在视图位置上屏幕显示信息可以有与向上下左右看的自然反应一致的变换。因而，在一个如图18所示的简化方案中，如果在任意时间的屏幕显示信息被认定为当前页(CP)，那么记录笔向左倾斜将导致CP右侧的存储页(CR)被显示出来。先前是CR的页(如保存在微控制器30存储器或者一个相关数据存储器内的数据所代表的)现在是CP。记录笔向右倾斜将导致CP左侧的信息页(CL)被显示出来。为避免不确定性，这里使用了关于信息显示屏的术语“页”。因而记录笔向左右倾斜的反应动作类似于透过窗子向右或向左看以获得景物的更多信息的自然倾斜。
类似地，如果记录笔向用户翻转，存储在UC的信息将被显示，记录笔远离用户翻转将导致DC信息被显示。可以理解合并倾斜角将导致左上(UL)、右上(UR)、左下(DL)、右下(DR)信息的显示。这种类似发生跳跃的多行屏显移动的简化说明应该被认为允许单行卷动，在单行卷动中CP定义为显示屏的顶行，DC定义为下面的一行，并且直到屏显视图极限的更多的行也随CP被显示出来以便看起来发生了单行卷动或平滑卷动。更精细的卷动模式如单象素移动也是可能的。用户可以使用键6到13或者指尖开关18到20选择响应速率。也应该注意到倾斜传感器31、32允许微控制器30确定最可能的视角及相应地调整映射到屏幕的象素，以便如果用户把记录笔握在左手，图1所示的显示屏将翻转显示，这样，作为右手用户看到的右下角成为左手用户看到的左上角。应该注意到无论记录笔被握在左手还是右手微控制器都不需要来自用户的输入，而且，如果用户在视图过程中换手，屏显输出将相应地翻转。
如果记录笔被垂直持握，对显示屏输入一个“纵向”模式也是可能的，尤其是需要图形显示而不是字符显示的情况。在这种情况下，位置取向将与被持握的记录笔相适宜，记录笔的笔尖在中间部的上面或下面。
为防止卷动或位置取向变化，用户可以使用软键6到13或指尖开关18到20锁定和解锁显示移动。
进一步地，虽然如图3所描述的显示屏是用Batron的，但在优选的实施例中可以采用有1/4 VGA彩色分辨率的Kopin Cyberdisplay320。使用Kopin显示器和相关的安装在尾部的单透镜允许大约15行正常文本的清晰视图。Kopin单透镜大约20mm×18mm，对于一个如这里所描述的那样装有移动感应装置的笔状外壳来说，这是一个可接受的尺寸。
在更进一步的开发中，可使用热电检测器(Murata的型号为IRA-E700ST0)15来检测用户的在场和用户到显示屏5的距离。使用Kopin 1/4 VGA显示器减小显示字符的尺寸是可能的。因而微控制器30使用热电检测器15的输出来确定记录笔被以到用户眼睛多近的距离持握，并可以调整显示尺寸以便更多的字符适合于显示屏5。以这种方式通过把显示屏移近到用户的眼睛可以读到大区域的文本。正如被提及的，显示屏相对于用户左右侧的位置检测是可能的。
参照图8，中断的清除、端口的设定和前面参照图6所提及的初始化被执行。一个加速度计，例如加速度计31，在200步被读取并与一个预定值m比较。比m大的值表示显示器最有可能在用户的左手因而如215所示翻转的字符被显示在屏幕5上。如果从加速度计31读取的数值小于m，那么可以认定记录笔在用户的右手，而且正常的ROM LCD字符被显示出来。如在220示出的，可以每10ms做一次检查来确定显示屏的位置。
用作PDA或者用于字处理目的的计算机系统的输入被设想通过手写识别(HR)或通过使用话筒16语音输入的方式来完成。手写识别不需要用户在平面上写(虽然一些用户发现这是一个优选的操作方法)，用户只需要象写字母和数字一样移动记录笔(即整个计算机)即可。Katakana和斯拉夫文本也可以作为很多符号录入。
因此使用两个加速度计31、32中的一个并参照图10到14，加速度计31、32之一的输出以每秒100次的速率被读取。接收数据作为单位时间内加速值的集合存储在随机存取存储器(RAM)中。使用软件自相关处理，微控制器30可以确定输入的字符。因而，参照这些图，图10给出了字母C的三个录入，图11给出了字母B的三个录入，图12给出了字母F的三个录入，图13给出了字母H的三个录入，以上只是作为例子给出。到用户的反馈，或者在显示器上显示或者通过字符语音输出或者只是通过声音鸣响指示，被用来指示接受一个字符。有效性的指示是用户可选择的。
从图14可以注意到加速度计对于每一个输入字符的对应输出都是明显不同的，因此微控制器可以确定所做的录入。录入可以是可被反映在显示屏5上的文本，或者可以是诸如“取星期一的日记”这样的表达适当功能的指令。一旦日记被从存储器中复原，含有对键6到13的合适的软键指示的适当的录入就被显示在显示屏5上。
注意到预定义的用户姿势可能被用到，举例来说，诸如画一个“信封”来请求e-mail模式或一个表格来请求日记模式。这些指令可以是用户可选的或可训练的以便用户在初始化时画出并选择该模式。以后画这样的符号将可以使微控制器30进入相应的被选模式。
感知过程也可被用来移动显示区域(如参照图6和图18所讨论的)或者可以结合键6到13使用触摸条控制器14来选择合适的区域。
日记信息的录入也可以通过手写来输入。在此考虑一下触摸条14的构造是适宜的，如图19所示，它是由只给出了触摸条14一部分的图19中47到50所示意的水平细条宽5mm、表面积约为20mm×5m、厚0.4mm的印制板构成。因而触摸条14可以代替电位计的旋转单元以便可以完成和控制壳体的完全密封，保证壳体如规定那样耐用。47到50等细条连接到微控制器30以便当手指在触摸条上移动时，可以确定移动的方向和速度。以上信息可以以与旋转电位计相同的方式被使用。
可以理解在与触摸条14成直角的位置安装第二个触摸条就可以模拟，举例来说，计算机鼠标器的全部功能。
因而如图19所示，举例来说，如果用户这样移动手指，在手指桥接部分47到50出现之后随即桥接部分8、49和50出现表明用户希望逆时针方向旋转电位计。类似地，在没有先前的手指桥接部分47到50时检测到桥接部分47和48则表明顺时针方向旋转。
然而，可以理解，如果此前描述的倾斜检测机制表明设备在左手而不是右手，相应地要翻转桥接和非桥接的功能。
举例来说，由字母和报告组成的数据文件的录入，可以用如前所述的写感知方案来进行以确定输入字符，它们可以存储下来用于以后，举例来说，发送到打印机或作为数据文件传输到PC。如果需要，被输入并转换为合适的存储信息的数据可以被显示在屏幕上。
光标在显示屏上用于选择信息显示位置的移动，可以利用图19描述的电位计方案，或者结合一个用于指示选择插入或删除位置的软键，利用此前描述的倾斜感知机制来实现。
在一个替代的操作方法中，参照图7和更初始的图7a，把图1的记录笔用作PC机的一个非连接输入设备，允许复制手持计算机的所有功能。例如，在以先前结合图10到14描述的方式输入字符数据时，一个功能更强大的PC机可以比设备自带的微控制器30更迅速地完成自相关运算。在此情况下，专门参照图7a，一旦在100完成了初始化过程，在705以710步指示的10ms间隔读取一个或两个加速度计，并且电压数据被传送到串口以通过无线链路或红外方式传输。
PC机内的一个对应程序将从无线接收机36和接收端口读取定义了来自一个或两个加速度计电压的数据。读取数据的同时，在725步执行自相关运算以产生合适的字符。字符在730步被显示在PC机的屏幕上并可能被回送到手持PC。
在一个替代实现方案中，自相关运算可在微控制器30内完成而定义输入字符的数据本身被传送到PC机。
注意，逗号间隔变量(CSV)格式的ASCII码的传输，采用来自英国Lewes East Sussex公司RF解决方案的调幅无线发射机，以418MHz的频率进行。在PC机内经过RS232转换单元转换的CMOS电平可以用来为PC机提供原始数据。Windows3.1终端软件可以读取CSV数据，电子表格可以读取数据并绘制图形。
在加速度计31、32的更深入的使用方案里，可以提供手持计算机的口令保护。因此，一旦经过针对用户签名的训练，举例来说，对应于以10ms间隔读取的加速度计电压输出的一个存储波形就可以被使用。因而用户不需要记住任何特殊的口令，而签名代码的破解是极端困难的，例如伪造签名将导致与真实签名者不同的加速模式。
因此使用手持计算机的这种特性可以为，例如，销售授权的电子条款、访问权限和类似事项提供安全信息的传输。
发送和接收能力的进一步应用，为局域寻呼系统的开发提供了条件。因此如果几个用户彼此工作在合适的距离范围内，从一个手持计算机直接发送消息到另外一个是有可能的，例如，办公室内的一个人记录的电话留言或形成的文件，可以利用数字系列号标识被发送到另外一个特定的手持计算机单元。
翻到图16，除简单的60秒语音留言存储芯片34之外，话筒18也可以通过放大器和滤波器连接到微控制器30以向其提供语音输入。因而可以使用语音识别软件把话音输入转换为数据，按键或指尖开关18到20被适当地用于暂停、录音等如前面参照语音备忘录芯片所描述的功能。因而转换后的数据可以被传送到存储器，或者显示在屏幕上，或者如此前参照用PC机做手写输入相关运算所描述的，产生送到PC机的代表语音输入的串行数据。这在39中指明。
在一个替换工作方法中，微控制器把未经转换的语音输入存储在存储器38内，信息通过串行输出口，或者借助于对接装置或者利用无线链路，传输到可使用语音识别软件进行转换的PC机。由于需要非常强的处理能力，与其使用安装在记录笔内的微控制器进行转换不如使用PC机。但是，在微控制器30内嵌入语音识别软件是可能的。
用数据存储器来存储接收到的语音信号也将被实现。因而每个标记时间/日期的几个语音留言都可以被保留以备后用。如果有一个合适的存储器，那么此前描述的语音存储芯片就可以从记录笔中去掉从而留下额外的存储器芯片空间。
下面将注意到，由于本发明的手持计算机包含有话筒、扬声器和功能键，因此也可以设想把该设备用作蜂窝电话。
在把蜂窝电话的功能包含到记录笔内的场合，或者在记录笔通过如IRDA或无线传输与PC机发生联系的场合，把话筒输入用作实际意义上的受音器是可能的，比本机所能存储的更大的数据文件的使用也成为可能。
因此微控制器30把输入的语音存储在缓存区并周期性地，在缓存区包含大量数据时，对网络数据存储装置或预先确定的PC机进行网络连接。然后被缓存的数据被传送到远端。由于不是一直需要网络连接，通过这种方式传送数据的成本显著降低，并且可以克服网络信号脆弱性的周期。
通过这种方式缓存的数据可以为标记日期或时间，或者，如果记录笔安装了GPS(全球定位系统)，也可以为标记定位信息。
数据可类似地被恢复，即用户需要的大的文本文件被分段存储在显示缓存区，然后通过所要求的电话接着恢复文件的其他部分。图片数据(例如来自数字相机)可以通过缓冲存储器被类似地保存到网络上。
上述不同功能提供了包括日记报警、日程安排、数据输入、文件生成和保存的一个PDA所具有的全部功能。用户可以通过软键或移动输入来选择工作模式，加速度计31、32的使用由用户选择的模式所确定。可以在PDA的功能上增加电子邮件和传真手段以便允许通过该单元进行数据的接收和发送。单元的发送能力可能与例如打印机内的接收机有关，或者可以使用装有对接装置的打印机打印来自PDA的数据。注意可能使用红外传输设备。
正如将被理解的那样，任何手持便携式设备的一个主要问题是要使用在两次充电之间有有限能量的可充电电池。因此本发明的手持计算机有许多省电措施，特别是在不需要的时候关断小LCD显示屏5的背面照明。因而如果加速度计指示当前系统未被使用，就关断检测电路和显示屏背面照明的电源。然而，在距离检测器15的进一步使用过程中，独立于是否用户正在观看屏显信息而关断和打开背面照明的情况是可能发生的。因此，参照图15，热电检测器变换检测移动的出现而保持背面照明。热电检测器通过红外并行光束利用移动来检测人员在场，当通过菲涅尔透镜检测到移动时，产生一个AC信号。
因而热电系统可以被用于检测用户的在场，而在不使用时至少要关断背面照明电源。可以类似地使用红外传感器来检测人体热量的出现与否。注意，如前所述，热电检测器可以被用于控制此前描述的字符放大特性。一种合适的检测器是Murata公司的IRAE700STO。
背面照明断电的进一步的实现是除观察者的在场之外，还响应观察者的视象。众所周知，当实验者直接看透镜并伴随一个闪光时，眼球后面的血管把闪光反射回镜头，因而可以周期性地发出低亮度的光并使用光电二极管传感器来感知红色反射光。因此如图15所示，微控制器30周期性地令LED60发出光脉冲，同时光电二极管61被监测，假定用户眼睛62对光脉冲的反射光的存在，LCD将如同58所指示的保持背面照明。进一步注意到可以使用一个定制的太阳能电池(未示出)，例如Farnell Electronics公司提供的Solarex，来辅助进行对电池2的三倍充电。
如果在LED60发光时用户没有直接观看显示屏，就没有反射，而光电二极管61就不起作用。因此微控制器关断背面照明灯的电源从而减少了可充电电池2的消耗。
虽然已经参考利用加速度计的特定的实施方案对本发明作了说明，但是其他的位置检测和定位装置也可以使用以便进行位置检测。尽管这里参照字母数字数据作说明，但是可以理解katakana字符和Cyrillic script输入也可以利用前面说明的加速方法进行检测。
注意当手持计算机与PC机对接或通过蜂窝或无线链路接收数据时，可能把接收信息显示在屏幕5上。因而如图9所示，初始化信息被输出到屏幕5而且相应的缓存器被清零。一旦字符在串口被接收，就在905被传送到微控制器30并在910检验帧有效性。假定在910没有错误并且接收到的字符不是清屏信息(915所示)，那么字符在920被传送到LCD5以作显示。
本发明的便携式计算机的深入应用包括存储大量的语音模式，它们在当记录笔通过对接装置或IRDA或无线链路下载到PC机时加以区分。在此过程中，PC把每个语音留言转换成文本并扫描文本搜索高频率使用词，例如“meeting”，然后把存储的留言分类放在子目录内。可替代地，留言可能象正常Windows文件一样以日期、主题或大小来分类，诸如“报警”之类的按键控制字可以把语音留言转换成可能被回写到便携式计算机的定时报警信息，以便在适当的时间便携式计算机或者发声或者振颤告知用户，报警信息作为文本信息被显示。可以理解，如果在记录笔内使用了一个功能足够强大的微控制器，那么语音到文本的转换可以在便携式计算机单元内进行。作为静音报警的一个合适的马达可以从日本的Murata公司获得。把报警器安装在记录笔桶状结构的尖端附近可以改善数据传输。
微控制器可以，例如当笔向前或向后倾斜时，通过产生翻页的声音来产生记录笔当前位置的音频反馈。
虽然在这里更多的注意力放在字母数字符号、Katakana或斯拉夫字符的显示上，也可以显示图形信息。例如，含有一个人的照片的文件可能包括这个人脸部的三维图象。通过旋转或倾斜计算机，视图可能从前视切换到轮廓方面。也可以理解一个地图集可能存储在数据存储器中，举例来说，地图可能发生旋转以便与旅行方向一致。
可以通过在显示器前面加装一个触摸屏以便记录笔可用来选择文本或产生光标的定位移动来为手持计算机引入附加功能。
可以在微控制器中引入自定位功能使得当在一可选的周期内(大约24小时)没有移动，即包括的两个加速度计之一没有产生倾斜度的改变时，该单元以周期性间隔发出警报声以便用户能够定位它。
注意这里的倾斜传感器利用一个细小光束来测量相对于地球重力的倾角。可以使用其他的位置传感器。利用卫星的全球定位也是检测便携式计算机位置变化的可能的方法。
在符号计数模式，例如，在处理提交的文件时，用户可以移动记录笔画对勾或十字叉。对勾或十字叉的数量可以被记录下来，把结果进行累加并传送到数据存储器，或者在电子表格中累加，在电子表格中用户可以输入姓名、题目以及诸如此类。其他符号的使用也应在预料之中。
虽然如此前所述安全签名是利用加速度，但可以在设备的一端安装一个压力检测器从而通过象二维或三维空间传感器一样对轮廓的测量来进一步增加安全性。
正如此前提及的，在便携式计算机壳体上有很多按键、开关和按钮。在进一步的实现方案中，提供了一种通过在其“尖端”上施加压力来操作的通/断开关。尽管这种开关压力在本质上不能用于检测输入文本，但它可用于打开或关断一些功能。这可以用于正常书写模式，例如，用笔尖顶在书写面上可以打开加速度计检测功能，释放笔尖上的压力就中断了作为位置输入被解码的加速度计信号。
任意其他开关可被用于一定的模式中，以便开关文本检测或举停止屏幕卷动(举例来说)。
便携式计算机的计算器功能可以简单地通过用正常方式书写数字或相应的数学符号来实现。倾斜传感器软件将确定输入的数字和符号并为在显示屏上显示结果而执行相应的计算。
另外一个功能，例如时钟设置功能在显示装置5上显示一个模拟的表盘。时间变化可以通过选择一个合适的模式并移动用户的手腕来输入。用倾斜感知来确定存储时间的向前或向后调整。

Claims (28)

1、一种便携式计算机，包括：
移动检测装置，响应计算机的移动而产生表示该移动的电输出信号；
处理装置，响应上述移动检测装置的输出而确定定义用户意图的检测到的移动数据，以使用上述数据来提供选自存储的多个可能模式中的一个模式响应，其中在至少一个上述模式中，
响应用于定义一个明显的滚动动作的所检测的移动数据，使该视图卷动；以及
检测定义一个明显的横向倾斜的移动数据，使该视图相对于当前视图横向移动；以及
显示屏，显示一个包含了由所存储的数据中推导出的字母数字或图形图像的视图。
2、如权利要求1的便携式计算机，其中，移动检测装置至少包含一个响应计算机的移动而产生输出电信号的加速度检测装置。
3、如权利要求2的便携式计算机，其中提供有多个加速检测装置，每一个加速检测装置产生各自的表示移动在各自方向上的分量的电输出信号。
4、如权利要求3的便携式计算机，其中，检测器被安装以便检测彼此成90度角的X和Y方向上的移动分量。
5、如权利要求1到4的任何一项的便携式计算机，其中，处理装置包含一个数据输入模式，并且检测到的移动数据被用于生成字符或图形数据。
6、如权利要求5的便携式计算机，其中，所产生的字符或图形数据被存储在数据存储器中。
7、如权利要求5的便携式计算机，其中，字符或图形数据被传输装置输出到连接在其他处理设备上的接收装置。
8、如权利要求1的便携式计算机，其中，相对转动导致存储在当前显示信息的上面或下面的信息的显示。
9、如权利要求1的便携式计算机，其中，处理装置响应检测到的移动数据来确定计算机显示装置的最可能的方位取向，处理装置使得显示的数据相应地被定向。
10、如权利要求9的便携式计算机，其中，在邻近显示装置处，包含多个响应用户动作的开关装置，每个开关装置各自的功能被定向得与显示信息的位置取向相匹配。
11、如权利要求9的便携式计算机，包含一个响应用户手指移动来模拟电位计移动的对触摸敏感的静态电位计条，所述电位计的位置取向反映显示信息的位置取向。
12、如权利要求1的便携式计算机，包含用于产生显示屏到用户视点距离信号指示的距离检测装置，处理装置进一步响应相对距离的变化来增减显示信息的密度。
13、如上述权利要求1-4中任一项的便携式计算机，其中，处理装置存储定义一个授权用户口令的数据，处理装置被锁定在安全模式直到接收到符合安全数据的检测到的移动数据。
14、如上述权利要求1-4的任一项的便携式计算机，进一步包括一个声音输入设备，处理装置响应来自用户的语音输入信号来得到字符数据。
15、如上述权利要求1-4中任一项的便携式计算机，包含一个声音输出设备，处理装置被用来产生来源于存储数据的语音输出或其他声音信号。
16、如权利要求14的便携式计算机，进一步包括一个结合无线收发机的声音输出设备，籍此可以使用蜂窝或其他无线电话网。
17、如权利要求1到4中任一项的便携式计算机，包括无线或红外传输装置，处理装置响应检测到的移动数据把代表检测到的移动的信号输出到传输装置。
18、如权利要求1到4中任一项的便携式计算机，包括无线或红外传输装置，处理装置响应检测到的移动数据把代表字母和数字字符的信号输出到传输装置。
19、如上述权利要求1-4中任一项的便携式计算机，包括无线收发器装置，处理装置响应检测到的标识另外的设备的移动数据，来传输包含要显示的信息的编码信号。
20、如权利要求19的便携式计算机，其中，处理装置响应接收到的编码信号来激活寻呼报警。
21、如权利要求20的便携式计算机，其中，寻呼报警含有一个音调。
22、如权利要求20的便携式计算机，其中，寻呼报警包含一个振颤装置的操作。
23、如权利要求19的便携式计算机，其中，处理装置使来源于接收信息的消息被显示。
24、如上述权利要求1-4中任一项的便携式计算机，安装在其形状便于用户象握记录笔一样握计算机的壳体内。
25、如权利要求24的便携式计算机，其中，壳体含有一个在长度方向呈辐射状的三角形的横截面。
26、如权利要求25的便携式计算机，其中，壳体含有一个用于安装显示屏的平直部分。
27、如权利要求26的便携式计算机，其中，壳体外形在前端适合架在手指之间的握持部分和后端放置显示屏的部分之间存在一个角度，这样的外形有利于在象记录笔一样握在手里的时候产生一个显示屏的自然视角。
28、如权利要求27的便携式计算机，其中，该外形有利于由用户的手背支撑后端显示屏部分。
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