CN1220002A - 具有带阻挡装置微棱镜的照明系统 - Google Patents
具有带阻挡装置微棱镜的照明系统 Download PDFInfo
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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Abstract
通过重复利用反射的和不定向的光线,改进后耦合式照明系统的输出光。光源处的反射器和置于其间的具有反射元件的微棱镜阵列有效地使无定的光线重新定向,以增加总有效光输出和提高效率。可以将镜面材料和散射材料结合起来使用来增强输出光。
Description
发明背景
目前所用的定向发光和其它用途的照明系统,因在不需要方向存在光吸收和光辐射而有损耗。如果不需要方向光吸收和光辐射所致的光线损耗可以被收集起来并加以利用,则光源的有用输出将可以提高。可做到这一点的照明系统是人们的美好愿望。本发明通过再定向和重复利用否则将会损失掉的光,实现了这一点和其它目标。
附图的简要说明
参考下文对本发明的详细说明和附图,将可以更充分地理解本发明及其优点,其中:
图1是照明系统基本构思的示意性框图;
图2是照明系统一个实施例的示意性截面图;
图3-5是光源替代性反射器的示意性截面图;
图6是图2导光组件微棱镜的截面图;
图7-12是替代性微棱镜结构的透视图;
图13是线性微棱镜阵列的透视图;
图14是没有透镜的后耦合照明系统实施例的示意性截面图;
图15是微棱镜与透镜的阵列的示意性截面图,该透镜与微棱镜的几何中心错开;
图16-23是有各种替代性反射元件的导光组件的示意性截面图;
图24是图18照明系统中所用掩膜的顶视图;
图25-28是各种替代性照明系统的透视图;
图29-32是附加各种替代性照明系统的示意性截面图;
图33是照明系统的示意性截面图;
图34和35是包括本文所述照明系统的商用管形埋装天棚照明灯和顶棚里向下照射小聚光灯的实例
对发明的说明
本发明提出一种照明系统,包括(a)光源和(b)靠近光源的光定向组件,且还包括(ⅰ)至少一个微棱镜,其中微棱镜包括可使光源光线发射出去的输入表面,与输入表面隔开且平行的输出表面,及至少一个置于输入与输出表面之间且与之邻接的侧壁,该侧壁相对于输入表面成一个钝倾角且其放置位置被定为使输入表面接收到的光线发生全反射的程度,和(ⅱ)至少一个阻挡光穿过侧壁之通路的遮挡装置。
本发明的构思具体表现为图1示意性框图中的照明系统10。照明系统10分为两个子组件:照明组件12和光定向组件14。箭头20表示照明源12发出的光波通过光定向组件14朝着被照明目标(未画出)的传播趋向。应当清楚,该图是仅仅是对结构的示意性表达,并不意味着系统组件或其物理结构的实际或相对尺寸。
照明系统的具体实施例100表示在图2中。系统100具有照明组件110和至少一个选择性地加在底壁124一侧上的微棱镜122的光定向组件120。在底壁124的另一侧,光定向组件120可选择地具有一个透镜,或多个透镜142的透镜阵列140,以控制照明系统100输出光的角分布。
照明组件
照明组件110具有光源112,它可选择:白炽灯,发光二极管(LED),金属或卤素高密度放电灯(HID),荧光灯,或其它一些适用的光源。
在优选实施例中,照明组件具有一个放置在光源112后面和/或周围,即在远离光定向组件的方向上,的反射器150。该反射器150将向着远离光定向组件120方向传播的光线转向微棱镜122。反射器150可以由散射或高反射材料制成,如抛光的铝或白漆,当然在某些用途中高反射材料是优选的。反射器所选的材料应该具有大约75%-90%范围的反射率,优选的是大于90%。反射率可以用几种市售仪器测量,如Macbeth#7100分光光度计,New Windsor,N.Y.,或Perkin Elmer#330分光光度计,Danbury,CT。
反射器相对于光源和光定向组件的位置,以及彼此之间的距离应选择为使光线最大可能地向着光定向组件。如本领域普通技术人员容易想到的,该位置和距离可以从光源与反射器的相对尺寸,以及反射器的设计中确定。根据光源的物理尺寸,光源与反射器之间的距离通常为一至二倍的光源直径。光源与光定向组件之间的距离也通常为为一至二倍的光源直径。例如,若用T-5荧光灯作为光源,其直径为5/8″,灯与反射器之间的距离,也即灯与光定向组件之间的距离通常应在0.625″至1.375″的范围。
尽管图2的反射器150具有抛物线形的,但其它形状和轮廓也可以使用,如本领域普通技术人员容易想到的。例如图3所示的,反射器230是直线形状的,并有两个侧壁232和基板234。为了适合光源112的几何形状和散射图样,可以调节侧壁232相对于基板234的角度,使其等于锐角,直角,或钝角。如图4和5分别另外所示的,也可以采用其它的反射器形状,如有歧点形状的反射器240,或者有刻面或分段的反射器250。此外代替连续的材料片,反射器150可以制成两段或更多段。
可以用自然(如直接的太阳光)或环境光取代上述那种人工光源。在此情况下,照明组件110将没有反射器。
光定向组件
图2所示的微棱镜122是有四个互成角度侧壁的多面体。1995年3月7日授予Beeson等人“采用微棱镜阵列的背后照明装置”的美国专利US.5,396,350中,详细讨论了这些具体的微棱镜结构,该专利在本文中作为参考。如图6和7所示,每个微棱镜122都具有输入表面,输出表面134和均与输入输出表面132和134相邻的相对两侧壁136;侧壁136与输入表面132的连接限定了一个钝倾角α。图13表示底壁220所支撑的直线微棱镜210的阵列200。
其它形状可以用来代替图6微棱镜122的几何形状。图8-12表示其它的微棱镜:锥形(图8),多面体(图9),多面曲面体(图10和11),曲面体(图12)微棱镜。前面所列出的仅是示意性的;也可以采用本领域普通技术人员容易想到的其它几何形状。而且,微棱镜122的截面可以是非对称的(如矩形)
微棱镜122的尺寸影响光定向组件120的输出光分布。特别是,输入表面132的面积,侧壁表面136的高度,和侧壁136的倾角α,可以作相对的调节,以改变穿过微棱镜122光的通路。较窄的输出角分布,可以通过减小输入表面132的表面积而同时增加侧壁136高度和减小钝倾角α来实现。另一方面,可以通过增大输入表面132的表面积同时减小侧壁136高度和增大钝倾角α,来增大输出角分布。
在有底壁124的情况下,对照明系统100输出光角散射的附加控制,可以通过改变壁124的厚度来实现。对于透镜142的给定正曲率半径,随着底壁124厚度的增加微棱镜122与透镜阵列140之间间隔增大,这将导致照明系统100输出光角分布的增大。
尽管图2中画出的透镜142是凸的,但它们也可以是凹球面、非球面、柱凹面、柱凸面,或其它符合特定用途并且本领域普通技术人员易于想到的适合的形状。在没有底壁124的情况下,透镜142也可以直接安置在输出表面134上。而且,透镜可以是衍射元件或折射元件,或者是衍射与折射元件的组合。
应该理解,后耦合照明系统100的照明组件110和光定向组件120可以不使用透镜,如图14中结构所示的。而且,图2中透镜142的轴与各个微棱镜122的几何中心126对准。如果需要,透镜142可以偏移开或跨过微棱镜122的几何中心126,如图15所示。最后,透镜142的截面尺寸可以随着微棱镜122的截面而改变。
各个微棱镜122的几何中心126与透镜142几何中心之间的距离,在零至1/2的微棱镜122输出表面134宽度之间变化。透镜142可以与微棱镜122的输出表面134相邻安置,或在微棱镜122输入和输出表面132与134之间可达一半距离处安置。
微棱镜122和相关的结构(包括可选择的透镜阵列)可以根据前述的美国专利US.5,396,350,1995年6月27日授予Zimmerman等人的US.5,248,468“采用微棱镜阵列的照明系统”,和1996年1月2日授予Zimmerman等人的US.5,481,385“有带状波导阵列的直接观看的显示器”进行制作,这些文献均在本文中作为参考。如相关专利所述的,微棱镜和透镜阵列可以由各种材料制作,包括聚碳酸酯,丙烯酸类,聚苯乙烯,玻璃,透明陶瓷,以及在本文作为参考的1995年10月31日授予Beeson等人的美国专利US.5,462,700“制作带状光致聚合波导阵列的方法”中所述的单体混合物。在选择这些结构构件时,要考虑到光源产生的热。如果需要,透镜组件可以作为与光定向组件底壁分开层次的独立一片提供,或者与光定向组件一起作为整体构件,用注模法或本领域普通技术人员容易想到的其它工艺制成。
侧壁相邻的区域
光定向组件120的微棱镜122侧壁136限定了一个与侧壁136相邻的区域128;在有多个微棱镜122的光定向组件120中,这些区域可以被称作“空隙”区域。这些区域128中有反射元件,在图2构造中为高反射的固体填充物160。固体填充物160可以反射或仅阻挡光的通路。固体填充物160可以是镜面的或漫射的,并可以包括诸如BaSO4,TiO2,MgO这样的材料,由于其微观结构它们对可见光是高反射的。这些材料可以加在载体中使用,如干粉,油漆,或油灰中。另一方面,在长期遭受光照射的环境条件下稳定的材料,如SpectralonTM(Labsphere,inc.公司),或Teflon(Du Pont公司),可填入该区域以提供对可见光的高反射。尽管优选的固体填充物160是高反射的,即大于百分之九十(90%)的反射率,但在需要不太高的反射材料或者是吸收材料的场合,也可以用。反射率可以如前所述进行测量。
其它反射材料可以用作反射元件。在图16中,微棱镜122的侧壁136具有反射材料涂层260。涂层260可以是银,铝,金,白色搪瓷,或本领域普通技术人员容易想到的其它材料。这些材料可以用诸如化学汽相沉积,电子束汽相沉积,溅射等方法进行涂镀。在图17中,反射元件是一反射衬板270,它与侧壁136整体模制或用粘合剂等其它已知方法粘到侧壁136上。在图18中,用掩膜280作为反射元件,并覆盖在微棱镜122的间隙区域128上。如图24所示,掩膜280的顶视图看起来象有开口282的网格结构,该开口能透出微棱镜122输入表面132。掩膜可以由前述镜面的或漫射的有固体材料构成。
图16-18的反射元件(涂层,衬板,和掩膜)可以是镜面的,也可以是漫射的,其反射率在75%-90%左右的范围内,优选的是大于90%。一种适用的镜面材料的实例是SilverluxTM(3M公司的产品),但是也可以用本领域普通技术人员容易想到的其它材料。反射率可以如前所述进行测量。
不同类型的反射元件可以组合起来使用。如图19所示,侧壁136有两个反射元件:涂层260和掩膜280。反射衬板270和固体填充物160被置于图20所示组件的区域128上。在这种结构中,可以选择镜面材料作为衬板270并选择漫射材料作填充物160,当然也可以用其它的组合。
在图21中,侧壁136具有涂层260和固体填充物160。反射衬板270和掩膜280被置于图22所示组件的区域128上。最后,固体填充物160和掩膜280的组合被置于图23中的区域128上。
直到现在为止所讨论的结构均是线性或平面的。照明系统还可以构造成曲线或球面阵列形式的,如图25和26各自表示的,以及其它本领域普通技术人员容易想到的结构形式。在图25中,光源300面朝微棱镜曲线阵列310。图26中,光源320包含在微棱镜的分段球面阵列330内。为了构造这种形式的光定向组件,必须调节微棱镜侧壁相对于输入表面的倾角,以提供符合于球面半径的角分布。此外,必须改变微棱镜之间的间隙,以实现适当的光控制。微棱镜的输入输出表面可以是平的,弯曲的,或球面的。而且,按照图2教导的方法,图25和26的光定向组件可以选择地具有邻接着微棱镜输出表面的底壁,以及底壁上可选择的透镜。此外,多个平面的和/或弯曲的光定向组件340可以与一或多个光源350组合起来,形成图27和28中所示的多面体照明系统,以提供多方向照明。图27a中表示了一个平面组件的各个微棱镜。
通过在光源112和光定向组件120之间引入光学元件400,可以控制入射到光定向组件120的光强度,如图29所示。通过减小从光源112直接透射进入微棱镜122的光,光定向组件120的输出光将更为均匀,且闪烁光最小。光学元件400可以由矩形材料片(如:塑料,玻璃,或其它一些材料)构成,其平面尺寸近似于从光源112向微棱镜122传输光的截面,并位于该截面处。该材料可以是漫射的或部分反射的。
照明组件110也可以通过用折射率(n1)大于1的光学透明材料410封装光源112,来代替简单地置于空气中的光源112,而做出图30所示的修改。光学透明材料410可以填充在光源112周围区域,并与微棱镜122的输入表面132相邻接。这可以避免微棱镜122输入表面132的菲涅尔反射,使光源112更易于遍及比光源112大得多的输入表面132阵列。用粘合剂层412将光学透明材料410连接到输入表面上。为了优化光的传递,可以选择折射率,以使其从光源112向外逐步增大。所以,光学透明材料410折射率(n1),粘合剂层412折射率(n2),和光定向组件120折射率(n3)的值做如此选择:
n1≤n2≤n3
与图29中元件400功能相似的光学元件414,可以放在粘合剂层412上。该元件414的折射率应近似等于n2。
可以通过在微棱镜中引入曲面改善光源辐射图案,而加强从光源112向输入表面132传输的光。如图31所示,微棱镜420的输入表面422限定了一个弧面,以保证入射角小于距光源112最远的微棱镜420处的衰减角。该衰减角用如下公式定义:
其中:
nl sinφi=n3 sinφ′,且
Rs是垂直于入射面偏振的光的反射率;
Rp是平行于入射面偏振的光的反射率;
φi是输入表面422上的入射光角度;
φ′是透过微棱镜420的入射光角度;以及
φi和φ′限定的是从输入表面422平面的法线张开的角度。
图32中,引入中间光学元件430,以约束进入光定向组件120的光的角分布。尽管在该图中它被表示为位于照明组件110与光定向组件120之间,但元件430可以放置在更为靠近光源112的照明组件内。而且,与图29的光学元件400相似,可以将第二光学元件440置于光源112与中间光学元件430之间,以减少照明组件110的输出光。光学元件430和440可以由塑料,玻璃,或其它一些材料制成。
可以选择中间光学元件的折射率(n3),以便有选择地衰减来自光源112的大输入角度的入射光线,并减小入射光定向组件120的角分布。例如,利用前述计算Rs和Rp的公式,随着折射率n3的增大,入射角φi处反射率也增大。假设n1等于1,则对于折射率n3的值1.52,1.7,和4.0而言,45°入射角处的反射率将分别为17.5%,24%,和65%。
照明系统的工作原理
系统的工作原理将参考图33进行解释。脱离开具体结构,光源112向着光定向组件120(也可以沿其它方向)发射光。这些光线直接传输到微棱镜122输入表面132并按计算Rs和Rp的公式所示反射;其余光线透过微棱镜并最终通过相应的透镜142输出,如光线A所示的。
如果离开光源112的光最初是离开了光定向组件120,则它应遇到反射器150。于是该光将反射回光定向组件120,通过微棱镜122和透镜142,如光线B所示。
一些光线可以从光源112传向光定向组件120而进入邻接于侧壁136的区域128。假如这样的光线在该光路上是连续的,则它们将很可能通过侧壁136进入微棱镜122。但是,它们不会从光定向组件120中正常地输出,且实际上它会使输出光分布变形。所以,在区域128上放置反射元件,以阻挡这些错误光线并使其改变方向。如所示的,离开光源112的光线到达固体填充物160,在该处光线向后反射回反射器150。光线反射回来,并通过光定向组件120,如光线C所代表的。如果在区域128上用非反射的填充物代替反射材料,光线将会简单地由填充物吸收。另一方面,光可以反射回光源112,当然这是不希望出现的,因为大多数光将被光源吸收。所以,这种反射模式应减到最小,例如,采用较小的光源。
应当理解,本发明可以用于各种装置,诸如直接照明装置,包括为商业、办公室、户外、汽车、和仪器设备提供照明等等。本发明也可以用于计算机、汽车、军事、航空航天、消费者、商业、和工业用途的显示,以及任何其它需要照明光源的装置。两个实例分别是图34和35所示的商用管形埋装天棚照明灯500和顶棚里向下照射的小聚光灯600。管形埋装天棚照明灯500具有两个光源510(如荧光灯T-5或T-8),反射器520,和微棱镜的光定向组件530。顶棚里向下照射的小聚光灯600与之类似,具有光源610(如CFL灯),反射器620,及光定向组件630。
尽管已经描述了本发明的优选实施例,但本领域的普通技术人员应知道,可以有其它未脱离本发明构思的修改方案,并要求保护所有这些落入本发明实际范围内的实施方案。例如应理解,可以利用参考文献专利中公开的结构,进行其它的改变和组合。
Claims (10)
1.一种照明系统,包括
(a)光源;和
(b)靠近该光源且包括至少一个微棱镜的光定向组件,该微棱镜包括一个可以让光源所发出光照射的输入表面,远离且平行于输入表面的输出表面,和至少一个位于输入与输出表面之间并相邻于它们的侧壁,该侧壁与输入表面成一个钝倾角且位于可使输入表面所接收到的光线全反射的位置;以及
(c)至少一个阻挡通过侧壁光通路的阻挡装置。
2.如权利要求1提出的照明系统,进一步包括透镜组件,该组件包括至少一个透镜,透镜组件靠近微棱镜的输出表面。
3.一种照明系统,包括
(a)光源;
(b)靠近光源放置的反射器;
(c)靠近该光源且包括多个微棱镜的光定向组件,每个微棱镜包括一个可以让光源所发出光照射的输入表面,远离且平行于输入表面的输出表面,和至少一个位于输入与输出表面之间并相邻于它们的侧壁,该侧壁与输入表面成一个钝倾角且位于可使输入表面所接收到的光线全反射的位置,该微棱镜的侧壁限定了微棱镜之间的间隙;以及
(d)至少一个放置在可阻挡通过侧壁光通路位置的阻挡装置。
4.如权利要求4提出的照明系统,其中光定向组件还包括具有两个表面的底壁,微棱镜的输出表面邻接该底壁的一个表面。
5.如权利要求4提出的照明系统,还包括至少包含一个透镜的透镜组件,该透镜组件靠近微棱镜的输出表面。
6.如权利要求4提出的照明系统,其中对反射器进行定向,以使反射光定向到微棱镜的输入表面。
7.如权利要求4提出的照明系统,其中阻挡装置选自微棱镜侧壁上的反射涂层,微棱镜侧壁上的反射衬板,间隙区中的固体填充材料,和与微棱镜输入表面相邻的反射掩膜,及其组合的一组中。
8.如权利要求4提出的照明系统,其中照明组件进一步包括光学装置,它位于光源与光定向组件之间,以减少从光源向光定向组件的光传输。
9.如权利要求4提出的照明系统,其中照明组件进一步包括中间光学装置,它位于光源与光定向组件之间,以限制传输到光定向组件之光线的角分布。
10.如权利要求4提出的照明系统,其中微棱镜的输入表面限定了一个弧形,与光源辐射光的角分布互补。
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- 1997-03-21 ES ES97916914T patent/ES2169374T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-21 CA CA002250312A patent/CA2250312C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-21 PT PT97916914T patent/PT890060E/pt unknown
- 1997-03-21 EP EP97916914A patent/EP0890060B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-21 AT AT97916914T patent/ATE209768T1/de active
- 1997-03-21 JP JP9534508A patent/JP2000507736A/ja active Pending
- 1997-03-21 CN CN97194941A patent/CN1083079C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN101091133B (zh) * | 2004-08-10 | 2010-10-06 | 闪亮胶片有限责任公司 | 光准直装置 |
CN101078478B (zh) * | 2006-04-21 | 2010-06-02 | 森珀勒克斯股份公司 | 多侧照明组件 |
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CN101806411A (zh) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-08-18 | 艾科有限公司 | 照明设备 |
CN106103211A (zh) * | 2014-03-20 | 2016-11-09 | Trw车辆电气与零件有限公司 | 透镜板 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2250312A1 (en) | 1997-10-02 |
TW419572B (en) | 2001-01-21 |
CA2250312C (en) | 2004-10-12 |
DE69708615D1 (de) | 2002-01-10 |
DE69708615T2 (de) | 2002-08-01 |
WO1997036131A1 (en) | 1997-10-02 |
ATE209768T1 (de) | 2001-12-15 |
DK0890060T3 (da) | 2002-02-18 |
US5839823A (en) | 1998-11-24 |
CN1083079C (zh) | 2002-04-17 |
EP0890060A1 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
ES2169374T3 (es) | 2002-07-01 |
PT890060E (pt) | 2002-04-29 |
EP0890060B1 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
JP2000507736A (ja) | 2000-06-20 |
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