CN1308510A - 用于提供功率到烧蚀装置的射频发生器 - Google Patents

用于提供功率到烧蚀装置的射频发生器 Download PDF

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CN1308510A
CN1308510A CN99808369A CN99808369A CN1308510A CN 1308510 A CN1308510 A CN 1308510A CN 99808369 A CN99808369 A CN 99808369A CN 99808369 A CN99808369 A CN 99808369A CN 1308510 A CN1308510 A CN 1308510A
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B·斯特鲁尔
C·特鲁凯
R·M·萨姆普森
M·L·卡尼
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Novacept Inc
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Abstract

在执行器官和其它组织的烧蚀时使用的设备和方法包括射频发生器,用来提供射频信号到烧蚀电极。射频信号的功率电平是根据所涉及的烧蚀面积决定的。射频信号通过变换电路被耦合到烧蚀电极。变换电路包括具有双次级绕组的变压器,它们可根据负载条件被连接成使用或不使用,这样建立低阻变换电路和高阻变换电路。低阻或高阻变换电路根据与所涉及的组织接触时烧蚀电极的电阻被选择。在烧蚀期间测量真空水平、阻抗水平、电阻水平、和时间。如果这些参量超过所决定的极限,则烧蚀程序过程终结。

Description

用于提供功率到烧蚀装置的射频发生器
                  优先权
本专利申请主张1998年5月8日提交的美国临时专利申请60/084,712的权益，该专利申请在此引用，以供参考。
                 发明领域
本发明总的涉及组织的烧蚀，更具体地，涉及用于提供射频功率给烧蚀装置的设备和方法。
                 发明背景
人体器官的内膜的烧蚀是一个处理过程，它涉及到加热器官膜到破坏膜的细胞的温度或凝固组织蛋白质用于止血。这样的处理过程可以被执行作为对于许多健康状况之一的处理，诸如子宫内膜层的慢性出血或胆囊粘膜层异常。现有的用于执行烧蚀的方法包括器官内加热液体的循环(或直接地或在气球内)，器官内膜的激光处理，和通过把射频(RF)能量加到要被烧蚀的组织的电阻性加热。
使用RF能量的技术，是把RF电信号提供到与目标的器官组织的一个或多个电极。电流从电极流到器官组织。电流电阻性地加热周围的组织。实质上，加热处理破坏电极周围的细胞，由此实施烧蚀。
在功率传递开始以前，血液和含盐溶液可能围绕电极。当电极周围的细胞被破坏时，附加的血液和含盐溶液将包围电极。这些导电液体会降低电极阻抗。这些液体在烧蚀处理过程可以被吸出去。没有这些导电液体，电极阻抗将随着周围的细胞的破坏而增加。取决于特定的电极结构，在烧蚀处理过程期间，阻抗特性可以从小到几分之一欧姆改变到超过200欧姆。
RF烧蚀方法可以很细心地被执行，以防止过分烧蚀。在这些烧蚀处理过程期间通常进行监视组织表面温度，以便确保温度不超过100℃。如果温度超过100℃，则组织内的液体开始沸腾，由此产生蒸汽。因为烧蚀是在人体的封闭腔体内进行的，所以蒸汽不能逃逸，而会迫使它深深地进到组织中，或它可以传送到与打算被烧蚀的区域相邻的区域中，造成栓塞，或不想要地烧伤相邻的组织。
RF烧蚀装置可以精确地确定适当的功率电平。这个功率电平必须提供足够的热量来实施烧蚀。同时，功率电平必须被控制，以防止“过烧蚀”。而且，RF发生器必须被控制来动态地响应组织的阻抗的改变。
现有的RF烧蚀装置通常把功率加到具有相当小的表面积的电极(例如，镊子形电极)。这样的电极在相当高的阻抗下烧蚀相当小的表面积。因此，所需要的RF功率是相对较低的，只传送这个功率(典型地，在大约100欧姆时80瓦)。在烧蚀过程期间，这样的电极的阻抗特性可以改变。然而，许多发生器适合于提供在高的阻抗的范围内的相对较低的功率电平。
为了用具有相对较小的表面积的电极烧蚀大的组织，操作者必须围绕组织表面移动电极。这引入不精确性的度量。与所涉及的组织的表面积匹配的电极减小这种不精确性。然而，使得电极面积与所涉及的组织面积相匹配大大地增加电极的表面积。因此，电极需要大得多的功率电平来实施烧蚀。而且，相对较大的表面积的特征在于，相对较低的初始阻抗，它在烧蚀过程期间大大地增加。
所以，希望提供足以在相对较大的表面积的电极上实施烧蚀的功率电平。然而，功率电平必须不导致过烧蚀。也希望动态地控制RF发生器响应在所涉及的器官组织内的阻抗改变。还希望提供烧蚀方法和装置，它允许烧蚀的深度被可靠地控制以及一旦想要的烧蚀深度达到后，它自动地停止烧蚀。
                     发明概要
在执行器官和其它组织的烧蚀时使用的设备和方法包括RF发生器，用来提供RF信号到烧蚀电极。RF信号的功率电平是根据所涉及的面积和烧蚀的深度决定的。RF信号通过变换电路被耦合到烧蚀电极。变换电路包括低阻和高阻变换电路。低阻和高阻变换电路根据烧蚀电极接触所涉及的组织时的电阻被选择。在烧蚀期间测量真空水平、阻抗水平、电阻水平、和时间。如果这些参量超过所决定的极限，则烧蚀程序过程终结。
                     附图简述
图1A是按照本发明的RF发生器和适用于RF发生器的烧蚀装置的侧视图。
图1B是图1A的烧蚀装置的末端的顶视图，在延伸的位置显示高频发热电极头部。
图1C是图1B的延伸位置的高频发热电极头部的透视图。
图1D是图1B的延伸位置的高频发热电极头部的正视图。
图2是图1的RF发生器的电路图。
图3是图2的控制器(包括与控制器连接的附加电路元件)的电路图。
图4是图2的自动开关电路(包括与自动开关电路连接的附加电路元件)的电路图。
图5是图2的显示板(包括与显示板连接的附加电路元件)的电路图。
图6是与调制器和滤波器网络连接的、图5的变压器电路的优选
实施例的电路图。
图7是图5的变压器电路的另一个优选实施例的电路图。
图8是显示按照本发明的RF发生器的运行的流程图。
图9是显示按照本发明的自动开关电路的运行的流程图。
                        详细说明
适合于与参照图1A和1B，按照本发明的RF发生器116一起使用的子宫内烧蚀装置100通常由三个部分组成：RF高频发热电极头部103，护套105，和手柄106。高频发热电极头部103在装置插入到子宫腔内期间是可滑动地放置在护套105内(图1A)，以及手柄106随后按箭头A1表示的那样被操纵，使得高频发热电极头部103从护套105的末端伸出(图1B)。
参照图1B，高频发热电极头部103从一段长度的导管108的末端伸出，导管108是可滑动地放置在护套105内的。高频发热电极103包括外部电极阵列103a和内部偏转机构103b，用来扩展阵列以便接触组织。
RF电极阵列103a由可伸展金属网制成，它优选地由尼龙和高弹性合成纤维编织。涂覆以金或其它导电材料。绝缘区域140(图1C，1D)被形成在高频发热电极头部上，把网状物与电极区域分开。绝缘区域140优选地通过使用蚀刻技术从网状物上去除导电材料而被形成，虽然另外的方法也可被使用，诸如把导电的和非导电的材料编织在一起，形成阵列。
阵列可以被绝缘区域140分成各种电板结构。在优选的结构(图1C)中，绝缘区域140把高频发热电极头部通过在每个宽的面134上产生两个电极而分成四个电极142a-142d。为了产生这四个电极图案，绝缘区域140沿着每个宽面134以及沿着每个面136，138的长度纵向地放置。电极142a-142d被使用于烧蚀，以及如果想要的话，在使用期间测量组织的阻抗。
偏转结构103b和它的配置结构被放在电极阵列103a内。参照图1B，外部的副管109从导管108伸出，以及内部的副管110是可滑动地和同轴地放置在副管109内的。弯曲部分在副管109的相反端从导管108伸出。多个纵向配置的孔(未示出)可以在每个弯曲部分112处被形成。在使用期间，这些孔允许湿度传送到弯曲部分，以及通过使用在真空端口138处被液体地连接到副管109的真空源140被吸出到副管109的显露的末端。
内部的弯曲部分116从副管110的外表面横向地和纵向地延伸，以及每个被连接到相应的一个弯曲部分112。横向条带118在内部弯曲部分116的末端部分之间延伸。横向条带118优选地被预先成形，以使得当在松弛状态时，条带假定图1B所示的皱褶结构，以及当在压缩状态时它沿着多个摺痕120折叠，这些摺痕沿其长度延伸。
由弯曲部分112，116和条带118形成的偏离结构103b使得阵列103a成形为基本上三角形形状，如图1B所示，它特别适合于大多数子宫形状。在使用期间，形成手柄106的远端和靠近的夹子144，146被互相挤压，以便展开阵列。这个动作导致副管109的相对后向移动和副管110的相对前向移动。在副管之间的相对移动使得弯曲部分112，116偏转，它展开和拉紧电极阵列103a。
弯曲部分112，116优选地由绝缘弹性材料制成，诸如热处理的17-7 PH不锈钢。每个弯曲部分112优选地包括导电区域，被电耦合到阵列，用于传送RF能量到人体组织。多股线145(它可以是尼龙的)优选地缝合阵列103和弯曲部分112，以便防止导电区域132滑动不与电极142a-142d对准。
正如下面详细地讨论的，按照本发明的RF发生器系统利用烧蚀功率，它是根据目标烧蚀组织的表面积而被选择的。对于子宫烧蚀，RF功率通过子宫的测量的长度和宽度来计算。这些测量可以通过使用传统的子宫内测量装置而作出。
替换地，通过使用一个机械的或电的换能装置来传感弯曲部分的分开程度，烧蚀装置100本身可被使用来测量子宫的宽度。再次地参照图1B，烧蚀装置100包括非导电的(例如，尼龙)缝合线122，它在副管110与偏转机构的末端部分之间延伸。线122被连接到伸长的线(未示出)，它延伸通过导管，以及被耦合到机械的换能器，诸如可旋转的线轴(未示出)，或电换能器，诸如应变电阻片，被电耦合到AD变换器，以便电传感弯曲部分112的分开距离以及把子宫宽度电子地发送到显示器和/或直接发送到RF发生器。
转到图2，显示了RF发生器电路的一个优选实施例。该电路包括电源200。电源200接受AC信号和产生高到10安的36伏DC信号。电源200连接到变换器202，204，206，和208。变换器202，204，206，和208分别产生+5，+12，-12，和+24伏电位。正如所需要的，变换器202，204，206，和208提供电位给此后描述的各种电路元件。
显示板212通常提供用户接口。这个接口允许用户输入选择数据和提供反馈信息。显示板212把表示想要的功率设定值的数字信号提供给数字-模拟(D/A)变换器214。D/A变换器214把进入的数字信号变换成电压电位。代表想要的功率设定值的这个电压电位(PSET)被提供给误差放大器216。误差放大器216也接收代表当前被传送到烧蚀装置的实际功率的电压电位。误差放大器把设定的功率信号与实际功率信号进行比较，以便确定是应当增加还是减小输出功率。如果设定的功率信号大于实际功率信号，则调整器210增加输出功率。如果设定的功率信号小于实际功率信号，则误差放大器216提供负的信号给调整器210。作为响应，调整器210减小输出功率。
调整器210从电源200接收DC功率，以及提供RF信号给FET开关211。来自误差放大器216的信号控制调整器210的脉冲宽度调制。脉冲宽度增加使得功率增加；脉冲宽度减小使得功率减小。
FET开关211从调制器210接收RF信号。FET开关也从控制器218接收控制信号。当通电时，控制信号接通FET开关211，以使得RF信号被提供给自动开关电路230。当不通电时，控制信号关断FET开关211，以使得由调整器210提供的任何信号与自动开关电路230断开连接。
自动开关电路230也接收来自控制器218的控制信号和来自除法器222的阻抗信号。根据控制和阻抗信号，自动开关电路230在低阻和高阻变换电路440之间进行选择(图4)。选择的变压器电路的输出被提供给滤波器网络232。滤波器网络232用作为具有约482kHz的优选的中心频率的带通滤波器。滤波器网络232减小RF信号上的任何高阶谐波信号。另外，滤波器网络232去耦合来自调整器210的任何直流分量。
电流检测器234测量通过滤波器网络232提供的电流。同样地，电压检测器236测量在滤波器网络232的输出端提供的电压。这些测量的信号通过RMS变换器221和222被提供给除法器222。测量的信号也被提供给除法器220。除法器222把电压信号除以电流信号，以便产生代表烧蚀装置的有效阻抗的信号。乘法器220把电压信号与电流信号相乘，以便产生代表被提供给烧蚀装置的实际功率的信号。如上所述，实际功率信号被误差放大器216使用来控制调整器210。有效的阻抗信号被自动开关电路使用来在低阻和高阻变换电路之间进行选择。
来自乘法器220的实际功率信号(PACT)和来自除法器222的有效阻抗信号都被提供给控制器218。控制器218也连接到误差放大器116的设定功率信号输入端。控制器218用来测量功率设定信号和产生设定功率信号，在烧蚀过程期间，如果控制器218检测到终端故障状态，则控制器218把设定功率信号驱动为零，以及使FET开关211不通电。把设定功率信号驱动为零，使得调整器关断RF信号。
RF发生器也包括DC电阻检测器238，被连接到输出继电器240。DC电阻检测器238测量外部烧蚀装置的DC电阻。DC电阻检测器238把关于这个电阻的信号提供给控制器218。控制器使用这个信号检测附属烧蚀装置中的短路。
输出继电器240从滤波器网络232接收滤波的RF信号。输出继电器240用来响应于来自控制器218的控制信号提供这个信号给输出端子242。当通电时，输出继电器240通输出端子242把RF发生器电路连接到烧蚀装置。当减能量时，输出继电器240把RF发生器电路与烧蚀装置隔离开。
转到图3，显示了控制器218和附加的相关的元件的一个优选实施例。控制器218的故障和操纵控制块302把控制信号提供给显示板212，FET开关211，自动开关电路230，和输出继电器240。
控制器218把来自除法器222的阻抗信号(图2)提供给音频电路310和数据I/O变换器306。音频电路310产生一个与阻抗信号有关的频率信号。低阻抗被换能为较高频率信号；高阻抗被换能为较低频率信号。频率信号位于可听见的频率范围内，以及被使用来驱动扬声器312。在烧蚀过程期间，测量的阻抗将增加。因此，由扬声器312提供的声音信号的频率将降低。这提供烧蚀过程的可听见的反馈给操作者。音频电路310也可用来提供其频率随增加的阻抗而增加的信号。
控制器218也把实际的和设定的功率信号和真空信号提供给数据I/O变换器306。数据IO变换器把这些信号和阻抗信号变换为有关的数字信号，它被提供在RS232连接头308上。
真空泵AC开关314被控制器218控制。当被启动时，泵AC开关把AC功率连接到真空泵316，它从烧蚀装置和周围的组织吸取湿度。当被关断时，泵AC开关断开AC功率到真空泵316的连接。真空泵316也包括压力换能器318。压力换能器318用来测量在烧蚀装置内引入的压力。压力换能器318把代表这个压力的信号提供给控制器218，它监视由真空泵316施加的抽吸是否在所决定的极限内。
转到图4，显示了自动开关电路的优选实施例。自动开关电路包括控制序列PAL 400。PAL 400接收来自控制器218的定时器、阻抗、和准备好信号。当被启动时，定时器信号表示，烧蚀的持续时间超过120秒；阻抗信号表示烧蚀装置的阻抗超过50欧姆；以及准备好信号表示操作者接通RF使能开关。
来自除法器222(图2)的阻抗信号也通过控制器218被提供给比较器420。如果阻抗大于10欧姆，则比较器420激活一个信号给延时器430。如果阻抗小于6欧姆，则比较器420激活一个信号给延时器432。延时器430和432也从控制器218接收时钟信号。如果延时器430或432继续接收一个来自比较器的信号大于5秒，则各个延时器激活一个信号给PAL 400。当阻抗在长于5秒内大于10欧姆时，PAL 400把开关抽头(SWTAPS)信号提供给变压器电路440，选择高阻变换电路。当阻抗在长于5秒内小于6欧姆时，PAL选择低阻变换电路。
控制器218也提供RF电源接通(RFON)信号给延时器434和定时器436。如果这个信号在大于5秒内保持为激活的，则延时器434激活电源接通自测试(POST)信号给PAL 400。除了RFON信号以外，定时器436也从PAL 400接收清除定时器(CLRTMS)信号。CLRTMS信号在SWTAPS信号的状态改变后被激活，以及表示变压器电路已改变，以便匹配烧蚀装置的阻抗。在接收RFON或SWTAPS信号后，定时器436复位短的和长的定时。在短的定时时间到以后，定时器436激活短的定时信号，它被提供给PAL 400。在长的定时时间到以后，定时器436激活长的定时信号，它也被提供给PAL 400。这些信号被PAL400使用来产生状态信号。状态信号结合故障信号一起被使用来确定是否终结烧蚀过程。
变换电路440被连接在FET开关211和输出滤波器网络232之间(图2)。变换电路440用来使得调整器210的阻抗与烧蚀装置的阻抗匹配。再次地，接触所涉及的组织的烧蚀电极的阻抗，在烧蚀过程期间可能很大地改变。通过使得调整器210的阻抗与电极的阻抗匹配，调整器210能够传送相对恒定的功率电平。这又允许精确和均匀的烧蚀。
替换地，如果调整器的阻抗与低的电极阻抗匹配，则调整器的功率传送随电极阻抗增加而降低。如果调整器的阻抗与高的电极阻抗匹配，则在低的初始电极阻抗时调整器将承受高的电流负载。这个负载造成对调整器元件的损害或加热。
因此，变换电路440包括低阻变换电路和高阻变换电路。优选的低阻变换电路使得调整器210的阻抗与3欧姆负载匹配。优选的高阻变换电路使得调整器210的阻抗与25欧姆负载匹配。这些变换电路允许调整器提供相对恒定的功率传送。
再次地，PAL 400提供状态信号给控制器218。具体地，PAL 400产生GENFAULT，IGVAC，ILPF和PTEST信号。GENFAULT信号表示PAL已检测到故障状态，以及烧蚀应当终结。IGVAL信号表示真空电路刚被通电。因此，在真空泵建立适当的压力时，任何真空故障应当被忽略2秒钟。IPLF信号表示任何低的优先权故障应当被忽略。IPLF信号在启动期间被激活，这样，非临界瞬时故障不终结烧蚀处理过程。PTEST信号表示低电平RF信号当前被加到变换电路。低电平RF信号被使用来在施加全部功率以前测量RF阻抗。
转到图5，显示了图2的显示板212和附加的相关元件。显示板212连接到长度和宽度选择开关502。在确定所涉及的子宫腔体的长度和宽度以后，操作者通过开关502输入适当的设定值。长度和宽度选择被分别显示在显示器508和510上。为了增加宽度，操作者接通向上箭头开关550。为了减小宽度，操作者接通向下箭头开关552。为了增加长度，操作者接通向上箭头开关560。为了减小长度，操作者接通向下箭头开关562。表示长度和宽度的信号被提供给EPROM516。EPROM 516按照以下关系把长度和宽度变换成设定的功率电平：
P＝L×W×5.5
其中P是功率电平，以瓦计，L是长度，以厘米计，以及5.5是常数，具有每平方厘米的瓦数为单位。
显示板212也提供一个信号给设定功率显示506。这个信号是根据长度和宽度选择被确定的，以使得设定的功率显示506表明当前的功率设定值。
在操作者选择适当的长度和宽度设定值以后，他或她接通准备开关504。准备开关504提供一个信号给显示电路板212，它又被提供给控制器218。准备开关504表示操作者已准备好开始烧蚀处理过程。
在操作者接通准备开关504以后，操作者然后可以按压脚踏板512。脚踏板512连接到脚踏开关514，以便提供一个信号给显示板212，它也被提供给控制器218。这个信号表示RF发生器应当把PF功率加到烧蚀装置。
显示板212也连接到状态LED(发光二极管)，包括READY 320，RF OFF 322，HIGH Z 324，LOW Z 326，HIGH VAC 328，LOW VAC 340，和RF ON 342。显示板212根据从控制器218接收的和来自用户输入的信号控制这些LED。
READY LED 520表示RF发生器处在准备好状态，以及启动脚踏开关514将激活RF功率。RF OFF LED 522表示当前被连接到RF发生器的烧蚀装置存在DC短路状态，以及RF发生器当前不提供功率到烧蚀装置。HIGH Z LED 524表示阻抗超过一个决定的水平。当这个条件发生时，控制器自动终结烧蚀装置。LOW Z LED 526表示阻抗下降为小于一个确定的水平。当这个状态发生时，存在RF短路状态。HIGH VAC LED 528表示真空泵140当前超过决定的可接受的真空水平。例如，这个状态可能通过操作者站在把真空泵140连接到端口138的吸取导管上而产生。LOW VAC LED 540表示真空泵140当前低于可接受的真空水平。例如，如果真空泵140没有正确地连接到端口138，则可以产生这种状态。RF ON LED 542表示RF发生器当前正在提供功率给烧蚀装置。
转到图6，显示了调整器210，FET开关211，变换电路440，和输出滤波器网络230的优选实施例。变换电路440包括具有功率绕组610和负载绕组620的变压器605。功率绕组610连接到FET开关211，用来接收来自调整器210的RF功率。负载绕组620与功率绕组进行电磁耦合。因此，被提供给功率绕组610的电功率被传送到负载绕组620。
负载绕组620包括中心抽头626，它把负载绕组分成第一部分622和第二部分624。开关630在中心抽头626与外部抽头624之间进行选择。选择中心抽头626，提供电路到较低的阻抗的匹配。选择外部抽头627，提供电路到较高的阻抗的匹配。换句话说，开关630选择功率绕组610和输出端子642之间的变压比。输出端子642连接到具有上述的带通特性的输出滤波器网络232。
转到图7，显示变换电路的另一个实施例。变换电路740包括具有功率绕组710和负载绕组720的第一变压器705。变压器开关电路也包括具有功率绕组712和负载绕组722的第二变压器706。第一变压器705的变压比被匹配到低阻抗。第二变压器706的变压比被匹配到高阻抗。
开关730被连接在第一变压器705与第二变压器706之间。如图所示，开关730选择第一变压器705来电耦合输入端子740到输出端子742。开关也选择第二变压器706来电耦合输入端子740到输出端子742。
转到图8，图上给出显示用来提供功率到烧蚀装置的RF发生器的优选的操作的流程图。在方块810，操作者选择涉及到所涉及的子宫的大小的长度和宽度，以及启动准备开关。
在方块812，RF发生器测量通过烧蚀装置的直流电阻。测量的、小于200欧姆的电阻表示短路。如果检测到短路，则RF发生器将提供一个指示给操作者，以及终结程序。测量的、大于200欧姆的电阻表示烧蚀装置与所涉及的子宫的可接受的接触。在方块811，操作者然后可以启动脚踏开关，把功率加到RF调整器。
在方块814，RF发生器把功率加到真空泵。在几秒以后，所涉及的子宫内的压力将下降。
在方块816，RF发生器把低电平RF信号(例如，在5和10瓦之间)加到烧蚀装置。在方块820，RF发生器测试故障，它表示程序将被终结。具体地，RF发生器继续测试DC电阻。RF发生器也测试RF阻抗是否落在可接受的范围内(例如，0.5-50欧姆)，以及真空水平是否落在可接受的范围。在头几秒内(例如2秒)，中心故障可被忽略，因为瞬态特性可能超过故障容差。
如果RF发生器没有检测到故障，则程序进到方块822。在这里，RF发生器施加全部功率到烧蚀装置。在烧蚀处理过程开始时，功率电平可以逐渐地增加到全部功率设定值。
在方块823，RF发生器测试所涉及的子宫的阻抗是否超过50欧姆或烧蚀持续时间是否超过120秒。如果这两个事件的任一项发生，则烧蚀完成以及在方块824程序被终结。否则，RF发生器在方块820继续测试故障。在检测到故障后，程序同样地被终结，以及加到烧蚀装置的功率被断开。
现在将更详细地讨论如方块822所示的施加功率的处理过程。转到图9，图上给出显示用来把功率加到变换电路的优选操作的流程图。变换电路被使用来把由RF发生器提供的功率耦合到烧蚀装置。如上所述，优选的变换电路包括低阻变换电路和高阻变换电路。在方块910，开始变换电路的运行，其中选择低阻变换电路。在步骤911，低电平RF信号被加到变换电路。
在方块912，测量烧蚀装置的阻抗。如果在5秒内阻抗没有超过10欧姆，则程序回到方块911。这里，RF信号的脉冲宽度将增加，直至它达到选择的功率电平为止。在达到选择的电平以后脉冲宽度按照电极阻抗的改变被控制，以便保持恒定的功率电平。
程序再次回到方块912，其中烧蚀装置的阻抗再次被测量。在优选实施例中，如果在5秒内阻抗超过10欧姆，程序进到方块913。这里，RF信号的脉冲宽度必须减小，以使得变换电路可以从低阻变换电路切换到高阻变换电路。
在方块914，在把RF信号减小到低的电平以后，开关改变状态，以便选择高阻变换电路。在方块915，把功率逐渐升高到选择的电平。功率的这种减小和逐渐增加，减少了瞬时尖峰脉冲，它是由在低阻变换电路与高阻变换电路之间的切换造成的。
在方块916，烧蚀装置的阻抗被测量。如果在5秒内阻抗没有较低到低于6欧姆，则程序回到方块915。这里，脉冲宽度被控制来传送选择的功率电平。
程序再次地回到方块916。其中烧蚀装置的阻抗再次被测量。在优选实施例中，如果在5秒内阻抗较低到低于6欧姆，则程序进到方块917。这里，RF信号的脉冲宽度必须减小，以使得变换电路可以从高阻变换电路切换到低阻变换电路，方块910。
变换电路的运行这样地继续进行，直至烧蚀被终结为止。在终结时，功率被关断，以及RF发生器与烧蚀装置断开连接。
虽然以上的说明是参照子宫的烧蚀给出的，但本发明可应用于烧蚀其它人体组织。另外，虽然RF发生器是参照特定的电路描述的，但许多其它结构适合于用于实施本发明的教导。本领域技术人员将肯定从这里揭示的实施例了解到，不背离本发明的教导的许多修改是可能的。所有这样的修改打算被包括在以下的权利要求内。

Claims (26)

1.烧蚀组织的方法，包括以下步骤：
把RF烧蚀装置放置到接触要被烧蚀的组织；
根据组织的几何形状，自动选择RF功率；以及
把以选择的RF功率的RF信号提供给RF烧蚀装置。
2.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，其中自动选择的步骤包括选择RF功率正比于要被烧蚀的组织的长度和宽度。
3.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，其中提供RF信号的步骤包括在低阻变换电路与高阻变换电路之间进行选择。
4.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：
测量RF烧蚀装置的直流电阻；以及
测量在与RF烧蚀装置接触时组织的RF阻抗。
5.权利要求4的方法，其特征在于，还包括根据与RF烧蚀装置接触时的组织的RF阻抗，产生音频信号的步骤。
6.权利要求4的方法，其特征在于，其中测量RF阻抗的步骤包括把低功率的RF信号提供给烧蚀装置。
7.权利要求4的方法，其特征在于，还包括根据与RF烧蚀装置接触时的组织的测量的RF阻抗，保持RF信号的功率基本不变。
8.权利要求4的方法，其特征在于，还包括如果烧蚀装置的直流电阻或在与RF烧蚀装置接触时组织的RF阻抗的任一项落在预定的范围以外，则产生一个故障的步骤。
9.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤
施加真空压力到RF烧蚀装置；
测量施加到RF烧蚀装置的真空压力；以及
如果真空压力落在预定的范围以外，则产生一个故障。
10.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤
测量烧蚀的持续时间；以及
如果测量的持续时间超过预定的极限，则终结烧蚀。
11.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，其中放置RF烧蚀装置的步骤包括把烧蚀装置放置到与子宫相接触。
12.操作适用于提供功率给烧蚀装置的RF发生器的方法，包括以下步骤：
测量在与烧蚀装置接触时组织的阻抗；以及
根据与烧蚀装置接触时的组织的阻抗，在低阻变换电路与高阻变换电路之间进行选择。
13.权利要求12的方法，其特征在于，其中测量与RF烧蚀装置接触的组织的阻抗步骤包括提供低功率RF信号给烧蚀装置。
14.权利要求12的方法，其特征在于，其中选择的步骤包括选择具有最接近于在与烧蚀装置接触时的组织测量阻抗的阻抗的变换电路。
15.适合于给烧蚀装置供电的射频发生器，包括：
第一绕组，具有第一阻抗和用来与电磁烧蚀装置进行电耦合；
第二绕组，具有不同于第一阻抗的第二阻抗和用来与电磁烧蚀装置进行电耦合；以及
开关，与第一和第二绕组运行时进行耦合，其中开关在第一和第二绕组之间进行选择。
16.权利要求15的射频发生器，其特征在于，第一和第二绕组分别包括第一和第二负载绕组，以及其中第一和第二负载绕组与功率绕组相耦合。
17.权利要求16的射频发生器，其特征在于，第一负载绕组包括第二负载绕组的一部分，以及其中功率绕组和第一与第二负载绕组包括一个双抽头变压器。
18.权利要求16的射频发生器，其特征在于，功率绕组包括第一和第二功率绕组，以及其中第一功率绕组与第一负载绕组相耦合，由此形成第一变压器，和第二功率绕组与第二负载绕组相耦合，由此形成第二变压器，以及其中开关在第一和第二变压器之间进行选择。
19。权利要求15的射频发生器，其特征在于，还包括：
阻抗检测电路，具有与烧蚀装置的连接和用来产生表示与组织接触时烧蚀装置的阻抗的阻抗信号；以及
控制电路，工作时与阻抗检测电路和开关相耦合，其中控制电路根据阻抗信号控制在第一和第二绕组之间的选择。
20.权利要求19的射频发生器，其特征在于，其中控制电路选择具有最接近于烧蚀装置的阻抗的阻抗特性的绕组。
21.权利要求15的射频发生器，其特征在于，还包括：
电源，工作时与第一和第二绕组进行耦合；
阻抗检测电路，具有与烧蚀装置的连接和用来产生阻抗信号；以及
调整器，工作时与阻抗检测电路和电源相耦合，以及用来根据阻抗信号控制电源。
22.权利要求21的射频发生器，其特征在于，还包括几何选择器，工作时与调整器相耦合，其中几何选择器确定用于烧蚀的电功率电平。
23.适合于给烧蚀装置供电的射频发生器，包括：
RF电源，工作时与烧蚀装置相耦合；
输入装置，用于接收相应于要被烧蚀的组织的尺度的数据；以及
调整器，工作时与RF电源和输入装置相耦合，调整器根据来自输入装置的输入信号控制由RF电源提供给烧蚀装置的功率量。
24.权利要求23的射频发生器，其特征在于，其中输入装置用来接收相应于组织的长度和宽度的信号。
25.权利要求23的射频发生器，其特征在于，还包括阻抗检测电路，具有与烧蚀装置的连接，以及用来产生表示烧蚀装置的阻抗的阻抗信号，其中调整器工作时与阻抗检测电路相耦合以及其中调整器还根据阻抗信号控制功率量。
26.射频发生器，被耦合到与要被烧蚀的组织相接触的烧蚀装置，射频发生器包括：
RF电源；
用于把RF电源耦合到烧蚀装置的装置，其中耦合装置的变换比可被调节；
检测器，用于测量烧蚀装置的阻抗；以及
反馈环，改变耦合装置的变换比，以便把RF电源的阻抗与烧蚀装置的阻抗相匹配。
CN99808369A 1998-05-08 1999-05-07 用于提供功率到烧蚀装置的射频发生器 Pending CN1308510A (zh)

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