CN1327586C - Surge protective method by self-control surge current triggered gap discharge - Google Patents
Surge protective method by self-control surge current triggered gap discharge Download PDFInfo
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- CN1327586C CN1327586C CNB031184871A CN03118487A CN1327586C CN 1327586 C CN1327586 C CN 1327586C CN B031184871 A CNB031184871 A CN B031184871A CN 03118487 A CN03118487 A CN 03118487A CN 1327586 C CN1327586 C CN 1327586C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a surge protective method of self-control triggered gap discharge of surge current. The present invention comprises a group of assistant discharge lines containing trigger electrodes, which are arranged between a protected line or a protected apparatus and a ground electrode, and another group of main discharge lines containing main discharge gaps. The present invention is characterized in that the distance between each of the trigger electrodes and each of the main discharge gaps is set; the assistant discharge lines which contain the trigger electrodes sets an overvoltage threshold value. When the set voltage threshold value is exceeded, surge current flows through the trigger electrodes to the ground electrode. The current which flows through the trigger electrodes set a current threshold value. When the set current threshold value is exceeded, electric arc flashover is generated between both electrodes of each of the trigger electrodes, and electricity is discharged to the main discharge gaps so that frequent current and streamer procedures are generated in both electrodes of each of the main discharge gaps. The main discharge gaps become a conducting state of short circuit. High current of the surge passes through the main discharge gaps and is discharged into the ground electrode so as to protect the line and an apparatus. The method is suitable for surge protection of electronic and electrical lines, apparatus and facilities thereof, electromagnetic pulse weapons and relevant apparatuses.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of surge protection technology, especially use the surge protection method of gap discharge.
Background technology
The action of lightening activity, various switching overvoltage, electromagnetic pulse weapon, these powerful electromagnetism, voltage, electric current instantaneous variation, on the conductor around it, produce the overvoltage and the overcurrent of various surges, the harm and the loss of bringing for electronic electric equipment, circuit and people's lives and properties.
People have invented various surge protection devices through long-term practice, cause damage to prevent surge.As till now piezo-resistance of initial air gap, gas discharge tube, semiconductor discharge tube and by the surge protection device that simply combines between them, for defence thunder and lightning and other surge protections have been made huge contribution.
But pluses and minuses when using separately, above-mentioned components and parts are arranged respectively but.For example:
One, normal air gap, gas discharge tube are as protective device, and both structures are basic identical
Advantage: a, low-down residual voltage; B, very large discharge capacity;
Shortcoming: a, response time slow (arriving the ms level) greater than 100ns; B, the harmful follow current of generation; C, performance parameter are subjected to the influence of environment easily; D, life-span weak point; E, interelectrode capacitance value are big.F, can not be applied to the circuit of low pressure and precision, high frequency.
Two, piezo-resistance
Advantage: a, through-current capacity are bigger; Response time very fast (being about 25ns); B, can block follow current automatically;
Shortcoming: a, residual voltage ratio are higher; B, the use that surpasses specified discharge capacity may set off an explosion; C, interelectrode capacitance value are big, not too are applicable to the lightning protection of HF link; D, the existence of leakage current is arranged, aging easily;
Three, solid discharging tube
Advantage: a, action response time the fastest (1ns is to 5ns); B, capacitance parameter are low; Be short-circuiting effect when c, damage; D, can be applied to the circuit of high frequency, low pressure;
Shortcoming: a, through-current capacity little (hundreds of ampere); Be short-circuiting effect when b, damage.
Along with the development of surge protection technology, especially superior especially by the combined surge protection devices performance that above-mentioned each components and parts were combined into.As surge protection devices, increased certain surge flow as the chip parallel connection of popular now a plurality of piezo-resistances, but the flow that is increased and not really desirable can not reduce their residual voltage ratio simultaneously, does not solve the problem of leakage current yet; The parallel connection of a plurality of voltage dependent resistor chips, when surge was impacted, the current value that is flow through of each chip was uneven.
And for example adopt the device of the series connection formation of piezo-resistance and gas discharge tube, stop leakage current, can prevent the aging of piezo-resistance, avoided the issuable follow current of gas discharge tube simultaneously, but increased the response time, can not increase the flow of surge.Therefore,, do not reach desirable application requirements, can not adapt to fully the more strict occasion of surge requirement, and cost is higher though being used in combination between above-mentioned each element made certain contribution to the protection of surge.
Recently; the surge protection method that some voltage triggered types are arranged again; adopt some to trigger medium; be positioned between the discharging gap; the voltage that applies when the two ends, gap when surpassing the threshold values of regulation as line voltage distribution, can produce the discharge of lighting network on its surface; the action of guiding discharge gap is protected circuit.As Chinese patent application number be the technology described in " overvoltage protection element and overvoltage protection " publication file of 02108581.1: spark gap can be realized triggering and conducting by the igniting auxiliary member that some dielectric material is made.By analyzing, can know that this technology is the material (generally speaking, producing surface discharge in the time of several kilovolts) that is easy to generate dielectric surface flashover by being placed with between the gap, and spark gap must be selected clearance distance according to line voltage distribution.The course of work of this technology is: when the surge overvoltage is arranged on the circuit, overvoltage is applied on the igniting auxiliary material, and when the voltage rising reached the dielectric surface flashover value of igniting auxiliary material, the surface of igniting auxiliary material produced flashover, spark gap is connected, thus discharge.This comes down to a kind of voltage triggered dielectric surface flashover---the course of work of spark gap discharge.Its advantage: big discharge capacity can be arranged; Its shortcoming: can reach response time more than the 100ns according to the data introduction; The trigger point ignition voltage is too high, and wayward, and precision is low, residual voltage value height; Clearance distance is little, easily produces harmful follow current; Ignition voltage more than several kilovolts can not be applied to accurate signal line, the protection of antenna feeder circuit at all; Owing to trigger materials limitations, also be difficult to be applied to several kilovolts even several ten thousand, the above high-tension line of hundreds of thousands volt.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the surge protection method that a kind of surge current automatic control triggers gap discharge, this method should be able to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming of the prior art, and have the surge circulation greatly, shorter response time, the characteristics that volume simple in structure is little and cost is low.
Method of the present invention comprises that being located at protected circuit or equipment and earth polar or other combination of one between the circuit of releasing has the auxiliary discharge circuit of trigger electrode and the main discharge circuit that another group contains main discharge gap, is characterized in that:
(1) distance setting between trigger electrode and the main discharge gap;
(2) the auxiliary discharge circuit that contains trigger electrode is set the overvoltage threshold value, when surpassing this setting voltage threshold value, then has surge current to flow through trigger electrode to the earth polar or other circuits of releasing;
(3) flow through the current settings current threshold of trigger electrode, when surpassing this setting current threshold, produce the electric arc flashover between trigger electrode the two poles of the earth, discharge to main discharge gap, make and produce numerous stream, time process in the two poles of the earth of main discharge gap, main discharge gap becomes the conduction state of short circuit, and the big electric current of surge passes through from this main discharge gap, releases into earth polar or other circuits of releasing; Avoided surge current to destroy protected circuit and equipment.
Said method has adopted the surge protection circuit that drives big flow main discharge circuit with the trigger electrode auxiliary discharge circuit of less surge current.Compared with prior art, have following advantage:
1, have the shorter response time, the response time with trigger the loop in the vigour part that adopted the response time of the vigour part of short response time consistent;
2, has bigger surge discharge capacity; The feature that promptly has the switching mode surge protector:
To trigger discharge theoretical owing to adopt to upgrade surge current, and this technology can guarantee that the metal that surge current passes through to be produced splashes, the variation of capacitance, clearance distance etc. can not have any very big influence to particular product performance parameters; Therefore spark gap also only requires general electric conducting material to get final product in selection, and cost is lower.
3, has lower residual voltage parameter; Low residual voltage characteristic with gas discharge;
4, the product that simply can make of structure has littler volume;
5, the advantageous characteristic that has two kinds of surge protectors of votage limit type and switching mode; And can overcome the defective of these two types of protectors;
6, the distance of main discharge gap and blanketing gas composition are very little to its self-inductance (L) influence, but very big to its capacitance influence.Because the main discharge gap distance is big; simultaneously can be that air, vacuum or some do not cause gas that capacitance increases and composition thereof in the main discharge gap; therefore can obtain extremely low capacitance and inductance value; therefore; as long as make trigger auxiliary line alap surge current by the time can trigger the gap action; just can apply the present invention to accurate electronic circuit and high-frequency circuit, make it to obtain good protection, but but to the circuit normal working performance almost without any influence.
7, in the practical application, also can make full use of the surge protector that has been installed on circuit trigger element, combine, save and protect existing investment and prolong life-span of original surge protector with all the other structures of the present invention as entire circuit.
8, this method can be applied to the cable of coaxial configuration, the surge protection of antenna feeder circuit equally, when obtaining super large discharge capacity, the surge protection of fastest response time, the original parameter specified standard of circuit is not exerted an influence.
Description of drawings
Shown in Figure 1, be one of electrical principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Shown in Figure 2, be two of electrical principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, be parallel with two groups of surge protecting circuits on the protected circuit 7 of this principle schematic, one group is to have trigger electrode 3 and 4 and the auxiliary discharge circuit of surge protection unit 5, and another group is the main discharge circuit of band main discharge gap 6 and two electrodes 1 and 2.
In the auxiliary discharge circuit of band trigger electrode 3 and 4, include trigger element 5 and the series connection that can generate two trigger electrodes 3,4 of electric arc.Wherein, the combinational circuit of solid discharging tube, piezo-resistance, other surge protection elements or various surge protection devices can be adopted in trigger element 5 inside; Simultaneously also can be overload, short-circuit protection unit or the impedance etc. of series connection.When protected circuit has overvoltage and surpasses the compulsory exercise voltage threshold, the surge protection device of trigger element 5 is with at first conducting, surge current I3 flows through this triggering circuit, greater than the surge current more than the setting threshold at the trigger electrode 3 of flowing through, 4 o'clock, since two trigger electrodes 3 with 4 to be connected right and wrong successional and only touch, will between two trigger electrodes 3 and 4, produce the discharge of electric arc flashover, the triggering electric spark that forms moves in main discharge gap 6, and in main discharge gap 6, produce numerous stream, the time process, when the time at a terrific speed at the two poles of the earth 1 of main discharge gap 6, after 2 propagation, the two poles of the earth 1 of main gap 6, between 2 just with bright, many, interrupted spark couples together passage, main discharge gap 6 is punctured, become the conduction state of approximate short circuit between two utmost points 1 of main discharge gap 6 and 2; So just there is big surge current I2 to pass through in the circuit of main discharge gap 6, form the main discharge circuit, surge current I2 is released by earth polar or other circuits 8 of releasing.
The isoparametric design of the distance of main discharge gap 6 makes that main discharge gap 6 is breakdown by after the big electric current, main discharge gap 6 returns to original state of insulation again immediately, repeats said process when being subjected to triggering the auxiliary discharge circuit and having surge current to flow through next time.So process repeatedly, utilize triggering auxiliary discharge circuit at first to move, making circuit at first be able to the fastest response speed action is protected, secondly the rapid action of main discharge gap 6 can make circuit keep minimum residual voltage level, because by the residual voltage ratio and the impedance adjustment of control triggering discharge line, the surge current that triggers the auxiliary discharge circuit of flowing through will reduce greatly; Most surge current will leak into earth polar or other circuits 8 of releasing by two utmost points 1 and 2 of main discharge gap 6.Therefore avoided triggering the auxiliary discharge line flows and crossed bigger electric current.The automatic recovery state of insulation of main discharge gap 6 has more been avoided the influence of afterflow to circuit, makes circuit be able to excellent protection.
Just often, 6 liang of electrodes 1 of main discharge gap and 2 distance are directly proportional with discharge voltage, and clearance distance is big more, and discharge voltage is big more, otherwise, more little, still, the action of main discharge gap 6 is owing to use auxiliary triggering, its discharge voltage is in fact controlled by the auxiliary triggering spark, therefore, its clearance distance can be more much bigger than the distance of prior art, but actual discharge voltage is constant.Therefore, the electrode erosion that produced of electrode stream super-high-current is again to not influence of normal use.
When trigger electrode 1 and 2 has when triggering electric arc and generating, main discharge gap 6 is become short-channel, surge current is released, and when the surge current zero passage or the surge voltage electric arc that drops to main gap 6 can not keep conducting the time, the gap reverts to state of insulation automatically.Thereby blocked circuit automatically and can not produce harmful follow current.
The insulation resistance of main discharge gap 6 is more than 100M Ω.When the big electric current of conducting, main gap has only tens milliohms, even littler, approximate short circuit.Main discharge gap 6 can be made to be the vacuum gap of air gap, sealing or to fill its gas etc., regulates the distance and the packing material of control gap artificially, can adjust the discharge parameter of main discharge gap.
Has suitable contact condition between 3,4 two electrodes of auxiliary triggering electrode to keep conduction and to be connected, the surge current that promptly guarantees a quota can produce electric arc when flowing through and the characteristic of low residual voltage is arranged as far as possible, guarantee again when surge current flows through, the material at the two poles of the earth can not be because of high temperature, electric arc etc. former thereby weldering connect together.In fact, the trigger electrode 3,4 in the auxiliary triggering discharge line electric can be not interconnect, essence is a discharging gap, its distance much smaller than main discharge gap 6.When protected circuit had surge to impact, the discharge process of main discharge gap 6 was caused thus with at first conducting in the auxiliary triggering gap.Simultaneously because; The distance in auxiliary triggering gap is less, can not solve the afterflow problem automatically in order to stop the auxiliary triggering circuit, generally by be serially connected with the trigger element 5 that surge protection element and resistance etc. constitute in auxiliary line.
As shown in Figure 2, be that of the present invention another practices.It is serially connected with the auxiliary triggering utmost point 3 and 4 on the protected circuit 7, and the main discharge gap utmost point 2 is in the corresponding position between trigger electrode 3 and 4, and is connected with earth polar or other circuits 8 of releasing.Trigger electrode 3 and 4, and constitute main discharge gap 9 between the gap utmost point 2; Trigger element 5 is located at protected circuit 7 and earth polar or other and releases between the circuit 8.When protected circuit 7 has surge and surpasses the operation voltage threshold value of defined; trigger surge protection unit 5 actions of auxiliary line; there is surge current I3 to flow through; the electrode 3 and the electrode 4 that simultaneously have surge current I1 to flow through on protected circuit 7 to be in contact with one another when surge current during greater than setting threshold, produce spark between electrode 3 that is in contact with one another and the electrode 4; thereby cause the sparkover between three electrode 2,3,4; produce electric arc, most of surge is released into ground 8, circuit 7 is protected.
The operating characteristics of whole combinational circuit has four kinds of situations:
1, as surge voltage U during less than the surge protection element specified action voltage threshold of auxiliary triggering circuit, the protection component of combinations thereof is failure to actuate.
2, as surge voltage U during greater than the surge protection element operation voltage threshold value of auxiliary triggering circuit, and flow through the surge current I1 during less than setting threshold that triggers circuit, over-voltage is finished by the surge protection unit 5 that triggers circuit; The spark generation contact 3,4 of triggering in the circuit does not produce spark, and main discharge gap 1,2 is failure to actuate.
3, as surge voltage U during greater than the surge protection element operation voltage threshold value of auxiliary triggering circuit; and flow through the surge current I1 during that triggers circuit greater than setting threshold; the surge element action of auxiliary triggering discharge line; cause the spark of auxiliary triggering circuit to generate contact 3,4 generation electric arc flashovers and produce electric spark simultaneously; and then main discharge gap 6 actions; make the auxiliary triggering circuit alleviate the surge current that flows through, and do not make its damage.At last when the surge voltage of protected circuit 7 is lower than the voltage threshold of setting; main discharge gap 6 can not disconnect in the pilot arc conducting, forms open circuit and has blocked issuable follow current, at this moment; the auxiliary triggering circuit continues to keep conducting, the remaining very weak surge current of releasing.
The surge protection method of foregoing invention can be used for the conventional electric wiring and the surge protection of equipment, also can be with demanding electronic circuit and facility, and the surge protection of electromagnetic pulse weapon and relevant device.No matter be used for the surge protection of what circuit, equipment, facility, as long as adopted the protection scope of the present invention that is of above-mentioned surge protection method.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of surge current automatic control triggers the surge protection method of gap discharge; it comprises that a group of being located between protected circuit or equipment (7) and earth polar or other circuits of releasing (8) contains trigger electrode (3; 4) auxiliary discharge circuit and another group contain the main discharge circuit of main discharge gap (6), it is characterized in that:
Distance setting between trigger electrode (3,4) and the main discharge gap (6);
The auxiliary discharge circuit that contains trigger electrode (3,4) is set the overvoltage threshold value, when surpassing this and set overvoltage threshold value, has surge current to flow through trigger electrode (3,4) to the earth polar or other circuits of releasing (8);
Flow through trigger electrode (3,4) surge current is set current threshold, when surpassing this setting current threshold, and trigger electrode (3,4) produce the electric arc flashover between, to main discharge gap (6) discharge, make middle numerous stream, the time process of producing of discharge electrode (1,2) of main discharge gap (6), main discharge gap (6) becomes the conduction state of short circuit, the big electric current of surge passes through from the discharge electrode (1,2) of this main discharge gap (6), releases into earth polar or other circuits of releasing (8); Avoid surge to damage the protected circuit or the equipment of being flowed through.
2, surge current automatic control according to claim 1 triggers the surge protection method of gap discharge, it is characterized in that:
The discharge electrode (1,2) of main discharge gap (6) is arranged in the same cavity with trigger electrode (3,4).
3, surge current automatic control according to claim 1 and 2 triggers the surge protection method of gap discharge, it is characterized in that:
Main discharge gap (6) can be made up of a plurality of discharge electrode settings.
4, surge current automatic control according to claim 1 triggers the surge protection method of gap discharge, it is characterized in that:
The auxiliary discharge circuit can be provided with one or more.
5, according to the surge protection method of claim 1 or 4 described surge current automatic controls triggering gap discharges, it is characterized in that:
Trigger electrode in the auxiliary discharge circuit (3,4) can be provided with one or more.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031184871A CN1327586C (en) | 2003-01-16 | 2003-01-16 | Surge protective method by self-control surge current triggered gap discharge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031184871A CN1327586C (en) | 2003-01-16 | 2003-01-16 | Surge protective method by self-control surge current triggered gap discharge |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1457126A CN1457126A (en) | 2003-11-19 |
| CN1327586C true CN1327586C (en) | 2007-07-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB031184871A Expired - Fee Related CN1327586C (en) | 2003-01-16 | 2003-01-16 | Surge protective method by self-control surge current triggered gap discharge |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2234232A3 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2013-10-23 | ABB Technology AG | High-voltage device |
| CN104576217B (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2017-02-22 | 厦门大恒科技有限公司 | Electromagnet with current separating channel |
| CN102394472B (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2013-11-13 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Single main gap of spark gap |
| CN109687418B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2020-09-01 | 湖南大学 | Short-circuit current drainage device and method and power system comprising fault drainage device |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4023071A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1977-05-10 | Fussell Gerald W | Transient and surge protection apparatus |
| US4683514A (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1987-07-28 | The M-O Valve Company Limited | Surge voltage protective circuit arrangements |
| JPH088035A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-01-12 | Okaya Electric Ind Co Ltd | Discharge type surge absorbing device |
-
2003
- 2003-01-16 CN CNB031184871A patent/CN1327586C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4023071A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1977-05-10 | Fussell Gerald W | Transient and surge protection apparatus |
| US4683514A (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1987-07-28 | The M-O Valve Company Limited | Surge voltage protective circuit arrangements |
| JPH088035A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-01-12 | Okaya Electric Ind Co Ltd | Discharge type surge absorbing device |
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| CN1457126A (en) | 2003-11-19 |
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Granted publication date: 20070718 Termination date: 20210116 |