CN1574048A - 用于减少节目记录中的截断的方法 - Google Patents

用于减少节目记录中的截断的方法 Download PDF

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CN1574048A
CN1574048A CNA2004100638432A CN200410063843A CN1574048A CN 1574048 A CN1574048 A CN 1574048A CN A2004100638432 A CNA2004100638432 A CN A2004100638432A CN 200410063843 A CN200410063843 A CN 200410063843A CN 1574048 A CN1574048 A CN 1574048A
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program
time
user
data
program guide
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CN100508577C (zh
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迈克尔·D·埃利斯
戴维·M.·博莱佐斯基
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TV guide Co.
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Adeia Guides Inc
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Prevue International Inc
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Abstract

提供一种媒体记录系统。该记录系统可包括各种减小特定媒体事件因其预定的记录开始时间和结束时间的改变而造成的记录截断的特性。该记录系统可向用户提供把某节目，例如通过选择某栏目，选择成按预定时间自动记录该节目以便呈现给观众的机会。当该记录系统接收有关实际或预测的时间改变时，可手动或自动地补偿对节目时间表的改变。在手动方式下，用户可以根据显示出的时间改变信息调整开始时间或结束时间。对于自动方式，通过自动地调整记录的开始时间和结束时间该记录系统可自动地补偿所知的预测或实际的时间改变。

Description

用于减少节目记录中的截断的方法
本申请是申请号为01807191.0，发明名称为“用于减少节目记录中的截断的系统和方法”的分案申请。
相关申请的相互参照
本申请要求于2000年3月31日申请的美国临时专利申请序列号为60/193,949的优先权，该临时申请全文收录作为本文的参考文献。
技术领域
本发明涉及媒体记录系统。更具体地，本发明涉及在记录按不精确的时间间隔分送的媒体时减少媒体截断(cut-off)的媒体记录系统。
背景技术
典型地通过有线网和无线网向观众分送视频和声频媒体是例如电视节目、付费节目、准视频点播(NVOD)节目、视频点播(VOD)节目、音乐、宣传材料以及其它类型的媒体。适用的有线和无线网例如可包括广播电视系统网、单向和双向有线电视系统网、数字广播业务(DBS)网和其它卫星发送业务网，因特网以及其它适当类型的网络。用户的视听感受典型地由媒体提供者的分送时间表规定。随着盒式录音机、盒式录象机以及其它媒体记录设备的出现，用户现在已经能够复制视听感受或者改变他们的视听感受时间，他们可以以有人的或者无人的方式记录节目，并且晚些时候回放这些节目以供视听。
更近来，已经开发出允许用户以增大的灵活性管理他们的视觉感受并且记录媒体的产品。诸如由TIVO和REPLAY提供的个人视频记录器(PVR)把节目记录在硬盘设备上。用户可以排定要记录的节目并在晚些时候回放这些节目。这些系统还记录用户正在实时观看的节目，允许例如当用户必须离开房间时暂停实时的节目。一旦返回，用户可以从停止处重新开始观看，并且甚至可以跨过商业广告快进到提供该节目的位置。用户还可以对节目倒片。
另一种已经改造用户观看和管理电视的方式是交互式电视节目指南。交互式电视节目指南是周知的。例如在Knee等的美国专利5,589,892和Knudson等的美国专利申请，序列号为09/357,941(1999年7月16日申请)中说明示范性的交互式电视节目指南，它们被全文收录作为本文的参考文献。交互式电视节目指南可以基于若干不同的硬件平台。实现节目指南可使用的适当硬件包括诸如卫星接收器、个人计算机电视(PC/TV)、个人计算机(例如带有电视调谐器卡)、有线机顶盒或者任何其它适当硬件。交互式节目指南可以允许把节目记录在数字或模拟设备(例如，录象带，硬盘、软盘，闪速存储器，可记录光盘“CD”，可记录数字多用盘“DVD”，或者任何其它类型的存储器)上。例如在1997年9月5日申请的Ellis等的美国专利申请，序列号为08/924,239中说明了交互式节目指南以及用来控制录象机的各种特性，该文全文地收录在此作为本文的参考文南。例如在1998年9月17日申请的Hassell等的美国专利申请，序列号为09/157,256中说明了具有用于记录的数字存储器的交互式节目指南，该文全文收录在此作为本文的参考文献。
也可以在节目指南、因特网或其它服务器上记录节目。例如在1999年8月13日申请的Ellis等的美国专利申请，序列号为09/374,043中说明了客户-服务器节目指南系统，该文全文收录在此作为本文的参考文献。例如在1999年6月11日申请的Ellis等的美国专利申请，序列号为09/332,244中说明了带有远程服务器记录的客户-服务器指南，该文全文收录在此作为本文的参考文献。该节目指南服务器可以位于有线系统头端或者其它适当位置。节目指南可以是联机节目指南，这可利用因特网上的网服务器实现。例如在1997年9月18日申请的Boyer等的美国专利申请，序列号为08/938,028中说明了联机节目指南系统，该文全文收录在此作为本文的参考文献。
某些媒体分送系统，例如电视网，在与公布节目开始时间和结束时间不同的时刻开始或者结束节目。例如一个电视网可能总是在节目预定时间三分钟前开始和/或结束节目。而另一些电视网可能按节目的预定时间开始和/或结束节目。在许多情况中，用户可能无法知道实际上何时开始或者结束节目。当用户不论是直接地还是通过交互式节目指南对他们的VCR、PVR或其它记录系统排定时间以便根据公布的开始和结束时间记录节目时，可能会截断节目的开始部分或者结束部分。这可能会使用户失望，尤其当节目的最后一分钟含有用户等待的内容时。
电视节目或者其它媒体可能在规定外的时间开始，例如当诸如体育比赛的实时事件晚开始时。记录未预料到要比公布的规定结束时间晚结束(例如由于体育比赛的加时赛)的该体育比赛的用户可能会提前截断对该比赛的记录。另外，如果已对用户提示一个排在该未预计到会超过它的预定结束时间的体育比赛后的节目，用户可能会得到对该相接节目的不恰当的记录。已有一种方法允许用户在考虑到记录节目时开始时间和结束时间的变化的情况下规定调整。例如，REPLAY含有允许用户人工地设定调整的功能。但是，该方法是低效的，因为对用户加上了规定调整量的负担并且如果该调整或其一部分未用于记录所需要的节目则会把记录介质浪费到不希望的内容上。当不同的网络中和不同的节目中这些公布时间的时间改变不同时，这种方法也是不恰当的。如果用户不能记住所需的正确调整量，则用户必然或者浪费记录时间或者碰上因估计太小而造成的截断。
发明内容
鉴于上述，本发明的一个目的是提供用于在记录按不准确的时间间隔分送的媒体时减小截断的系统和方法。
根据本发明的原理，通过提供能确定媒体分送中的时间改变的媒体记录系统达到该目的和其它目的。提供一种媒体记录系统，例如带有存储设备的交互式节目指南系统、PVR系统、智能VCR、任何其它适当系统或者它们的组合，该系统能跟踪媒体分送者所使用的时间改变以便从媒体事件的规定开始和/或结束时间延迟它们的开始时间和/或结束时间。
该记录系统可用于电视节目、声频节目、宣传材料或者任何其它按照某时间表利用任何适当的分送方式(例如，射频、电缆、卫星，因特网，等等)分送的适当媒体。该系统例如可以对用户提供规定以秒数或分数为增量(例如，以一分钟为增量)来提前或者推迟记录预定媒体事件的机会。用户可以确定如何按频道、网络、媒体提供者、标题或者用任何其它适当的准则设定这些增量。该系统可以对实时数据流监视标识符或者任何其它指示媒体正在开始或者就要开始或者正在结束或者就要结束或者刚刚结束的提示信号。例如，可以监视某频道的垂直消隐间隔(VBI)以告诉系统某特定媒体就要开始。可以通过用户的设备或者通过远离用户住处的服务器对媒体进行记录。
如果需要，可以向记录系统提供和媒体相关的数据。利用任何适当的方法(例如，利用连续流，利用周期性通信，利用基于客户-服务器的方法，利用任何其它适当方法，或者它们的组合)，诸如用于交互式节目指南的节目栏目数据之类的相关数据可以连同要记录的媒体一起提供或者和该媒体相分离地提供。该相关数据可指示媒体提供者为播送该媒体所需的时间改变(例如，规定的时间延迟或延长)。可以由该媒体提供者事先规定该时间延迟或延长，或者可由数据提供者根据过去发生的时间改变予以预测。可以由该数据提供者或者由其他人实时地/近实时地输入时间延迟和延长，或者可以根据媒体中的提示信号自动地识别时间延迟和延长。该记录系统可以根据该时间延迟和延长信息自动调整或允许用户调整节目的记录时间。
附图说明
通过结合各附图所进行的下面的详细说明，本发明的上述和其它目的以及优点会变得清楚，这些附图中用类似的参照符号表示类似的部分，附图是：
图1是依据本发明的一实施例的交互式电视系统的示意方框图；
图2是依据本发明的一实施例的图1中的电视分送设施的示意方框图；
图3是依据本发明的一实施例的图1中的用户电视设备的示意方框图；
图4是依据本发明的一实施例的图1中的用户电视设备的更泛化的示意方框图；
图5是依据本发明的提供对各种节目指南特性的访问的示意主菜单显示屏幕图；
图6是依据本发明的向用户提供对各种节目指南特性的访问的示意性节目栏目表显示屏幕图；
图7是依据本发明的向用户提供对各种节目指南特性的访问的示意性信息显示屏幕图；
图8是依据本发明的向用户提供对各种节目指南特性的访问的另一示意性节目栏目显示屏幕图；
图9是依据本发明的向用户提供对各种节目指南特性的访问的示意性记录目录显示屏幕图；
图10是依据本发明的向用户提供对各种节目指南特性的访问的示意性特定选择显示屏幕图；
图11a、11b和11c是依据本发明的用户提供对各种节目指南特性的访问的示意性记录信息显示屏幕图；
图12a和12b是依据本发明的向用户提供对各种节目指南特性的访问的示意性记录偏好显示屏幕图；
图13是依据本发明的一实施例的把时间改变和媒体关联起来中所涉及的示意性步骤的流程图；
图14a-14c是依据本发明的一实施例的在带有预测时间改变的记录中所涉及的示意性步骤的流程图；
图15是依据本发明的一实施例的在监视实时数据流中所涉及的示意性步骤的流程图；
图16是依据本发明的一实施例的记录系统的示意性方框图。
具体实施方式
图1中示出一个依据本发明的原理的示意性系统10。可以从一个或多个主设施12向电视分送设施24并且最终向用户电视设备26分送媒体。可以利用至少部分地在用户电视设备26上实现或者至少部分地在一个对于用户电视设备26为远程的服务器(在图2中进一步讨论)上实现的设备记录分送的媒体。要记录的媒体可以是任何适当的声频和/或视频媒体，例如，电视节目，付费观看节目，视频点播(VOD)节目，音乐，宣传材料，以及任何典型地通过有线网和无线网上向观众分送的其它类型的媒体。为了简明而不是作为限制，本文中所讨论的媒体记录系统、技术或方法主要是在记录供广播的节目的背景下讨论的。用于该记录系统的数据可以由数据分送系统提供，该数据分送系统可独立于分送媒体的网络或系统提供数据。也可以使用其它适合的分送方式，例如涉及通过因特网等传输数据的方式，等等。如果需要，广播节目的记录可以利用客户-服务器体系结构实现，其中部分地通过一个服务器(例如，一个电视分送设施24处的或者主设施12处的服务器)并且部分地通过用户电视设备26来提供检测节目以及记录节目的操作。
主设施12可包括一个用于存储节目指南信息(例如，电视节目栏目表数据，节目相关信息，频道栏目表数据，频道相关信息，网络栏目表数据，网络相关信息，整套节目栏目表数据，整套节目相关信息，付费观看定购信息，电视节目宣传信息，因特网相关节目指南信息，等等)的节目指南数据库14，视频点播(VOD)数据库16，频道变换数据库18，或任何其它适当的数据库。多个主设施12可向电视分送设施24提供数据。为了避免使图过分复杂图中只示出一个主设施。例如，一个主设施可专用于提供节目指南信息而另一个主设施可提供特定的媒体信息。
主设施12可以通过通信链路22向电视分送设施24发送来自节目指南数据库14的信息以及任何其它信息。实际中，主设施12可以并行地向多个电视分送设施发送信息。为避免使图过分复杂只示出一个电视分送设施。在一些实施例中，主设施12可向诸如用于网点的因特网服务器之类的其它类型的分送设施，或者向诸如无线分送施设的分立的节目指南分送设施发送信息。
通信链路22可以是卫星链路，电话网链路，因特网链路，光纤网链路，任何其它适用的通信链路，或者这些通信链路的某种组合。主设施12可以通过通信链路22发送任何适当的节目内容。取决于要发送的节目的类型，可以建立更加有效的适当链路。例如，如果需要通过通信链路22发送视频信号，诸如卫星链路的带宽相对高的链路可能优于带宽相对低的链路。电视分送设施24可以是任何适用于向观众分送电视节目的设施，例如有线系统头端器，广播分送设施或者卫星电视分送设施。
电视分送设施24可以经过通信路径30向用户电视设备26分送从主设施，例如一个或多个主设施12接收的信息用户电视设备26可以是任何适当的含有足够的处理能力以实现依据本发明的先进的节目记录方法和特性的电视设备。
通信路径30可以是有线链路，光纤链路，卫星链路、广播链路，其它适用链路，或者这些链路的某种组合。可使用任何适用的通信方式在通信路径30上发送数据，包括带内传输，带外传输，数字传输，模拟传输，电缆传输，卫星传输，无线电传输，多信道多点分送服务(MMDS)传输，电缆上数据服务接口规范(DOCSIS)传输，或者任何其它适用的通信方式。典型地存在多个相关的通信路径30。为避免使图过分复杂只示出一个通信路径30。
通信路径30最好具有足够的带宽以允许电视分送设施24向用户电视设备26分送电视广播节目、节目指南信息、VOD和NVOD信息以及其它信息。可以通过各通信路径30向用户电视设备26提供多个电视和声频频道(模拟、数字、或者模拟和数字二者)。如果需要，可以通过一个或多个独立于电视分送设施24的分送设施利用部分或完全独立于通信路径30的通信路径把某些数据分送到用户电视设备26。
用来在通信径30上分送数据的数据分送技术可能取决于要分送的信息的类型。例如，正文和图形可以在带外频道上利用带外调制器分送或者在模拟视频频道的垂直消隐间隔行中分送。也可以以这种方式分送视频信息，尽管利用通信路径30上一个或多个数字频道能更有效地分送大量的视频信息。这种数字频道也可用于分送正文和图形。
也可以通过通信路径32向用户电视设备26发送来自计算机网络服务器28的节目广播信息。通信路径32可以是拨号电话链路，电缆链路，光纤链路，卫星链路，广播链路，其它适用链路，或者这些链路的某种组合。在一些实施例中，可以通过适用于利用主设施12交换节目指南信息、视频点播信息或其它信息的通信路径把计算机网络服务器28连接到主设施12。
可在电视分送设施24(图1)中实现基于客户-服务器的交互式电视节目指南。图2示出电视分送设施24的一种示意结构，其中节目指南服务器可直接从主设施12获得节目指南数据。
电视分送设施24可具有节目指南分送设备56和节目指南服务器50。分送设备56是适用于在通信路径30上把来自节目指南服务器50的节目指南数据提供给用户电视设备26的设备。该分送设备56例如可包括适用于在电视频道边带上、在电视频道VBI中，利用带内数字信号、利用带外数字信号、在专用计算机网络或在因特网链路上或者通过任何其它适用于通信路径30的数据传输技术分送节目指南数据的传输硬件。也可以通过分送设备56在多个模拟或数字电视频道上的通信路径30中向用户电视设备26分送模拟或数字视频信号(例如，电视节目)。替代地，可以从一些其它适用的分送设施，例如有线系统头端器、广播分送设施、卫星电视分送设施或者任何其它适用类型的电视分送设施向用户电视设备26分送视频。如果需要，可以在独立的通信路径和/或从独立的分送设施提供电视计划和节目指南数据。
节目指南服务器50可以基于服务器软、硬件的任何适当组合。响应由在用户电视设备26上实现的交互式电视节目指南客户所生成的节目指南数据请求或视频请求，节目指南服务器50可从存储设备54中检索节目指南数据文件或视频文件。如图2中所示，节目指南服务器50可包括处理电路52和存储部件54。处理电路52可包含任何适当的处理机，例如一个微处理器或一组微处理器，以及其它处理电路，诸如高速缓存电路、视频译码电路、直接存储器存取(DMA)电路、输入/输出(I/O)电路等。
存储部件54可以是一个存储器或其它存储部件，例如随机存取存储器(RAM)、闪速存储器、硬盘存储器等，其适用于存储由主设施12发送到电视分送设施24的节目指南数据。通过节目指南服务器50还把用户数据，例如优先、记录和提醒设定、观看史和日志以及其它适当数据存储在存储设备54中。节目指南数据以及用户数据可以以任何适当格式(例如，结构化询问语言(SQL)数据库)存储在存储部件54中。存储部件54还可存储各种节目文件以便应请求回放。
处理电路52可通过为被请求的数据搜索存储部件54中存储的节目指南数据、检索该数据并把检索到的数据提供给分送设备56以供分送到用户电视设备26来处理对节目指南数据的请求。处理电路52还可处理由节目指南客户生成的指示节目指南服务器50存储用户数据的存储请求。替代地，节目指南服务器50可把节目指南数据分送到用户电视设备26并且从后者直接接收用户数据。如果通信路径30包括因特网链路、DOCSIC链路或其它高速计算机网络链路(例如，数字用户线路(DSL)、10BaseT、100BaseT、10BaseF、T1、T3、等等)，处理电路52可包括适用于在这样的链路上发送节目指南数据和用户数据以及接收节目指南数据和存储请求的电路。
节目指南服务器50可以利用任何适当的通信协议和用户电视设备26通信。例如，节目指南服务器50可以使用一个通信协议组(col stack)该协议组包括传输控制协议(TCP)层和网际协议(IP)层、顺序分组交换(SPX)层和互联网分组交换(IPX)层、Appletalk事务处理协议(ATP)层和数据报传输协议(DDP)层、DOCSIS或者任何其它适用的协议或协议组合，用户电视设备26也可以包括适当的用于在通信路径30上和节目指南服务器50通信的硬件(例如，以太网卡，数字调制解调器，模拟调制解调器，电缆调制解调器，等等)。
在用户电视设备26上实现的程序指南客户可以利用任何适当的基于客户-服务器的方法从节目指南服务器50检索节目指南数据和在节目指南服务器50上存储用户数据。节目指南例如可以把作为报文的SQL请求传送到节目指南服务器50。在另一种适用的方法中，节目指南可以利用一个或多个远程过程调用来调用驻留在节目指南服务器50上的远程过程。节目指南服务器50可以为这些被调用的远程过程执行SQL语句。在又一种适用的方法中，由节目指南执行的客户对象可以利用例如客户请求代理(OKB)和由节目指南服务器50执行的服务器对象通信。这例如可以涉及使用微软公司的分布式部件对象模型(DCOM)方法。如本文中所使用的那样，“记录请求”和“存储请求”用来包括这些进程间通信或对象间通信类型中的任何类型或者包括任何其它适用的进程间或对象间通信类型。
图3中示出用户电视设备26的示意结构。用户电视设备26可在接口70处接收来自电视分送设施24(图1)、计算机网络服务器28(图1)、某其它系统或分送设施或者它们的某种组合的电视广播节目和数据。在常规电视观看期间，用户可把机顶盒72调到所需的电视频道上。接着在视频输出端84把该电视频道的信号提供给电视机90。输出端84处提供的信号可以是某预定频道(例如，频道3或4)上的调制信号，模拟解调视频信号，在某适当数字总线(例如，采用电气和电子工程师学会(IEEE)1394标准的总线)上提供的数字信号，或者任何其它适用的信号。可以通过辅助存储部件86接收输端84处的视频信号。
可以把各种节目记录特性集成到机顶盒72上，电视机90(若电视机90具有适当的处理电路和存储器)上，与电视机90连接的适当模拟或数字接收器上，辅助存储部件86上，或者任何其它适当的部件上。也可以在这些部件的某种适当组合下合作地实现这些节目记录特性。
辅助存储部件86可以是任何适当类型的模拟或数字存储部件或者播放机(例如，个人视频记录器(PVR)、智能VCR等)。可以通过机顶盒72利用控制路径82控制节目记录特性以及其它特性。如果辅助存储部件86是一台盒式录象机，则典型的控制路径82例如可以涉及使用一个和该盒式录象机中的红外接收器耦合的红外发送器，其中该录象机通常接收来自摇控器(例如遥控器92)的命令，遥控器92可用于控制机顶盒72、辅助存储部件86和电视机90。
如果需要，用户可以在选用的数字存储部件76上以数字形式记录节目、应用数据或者它们的组合。数字存储部件76可以是可写的光存储部件(例如能处理可记录DVD盘的DVD播放机)，磁存储部件(例如磁盘机或数字磁带)或者任何其它数字存储部件。例如，在1998年9月17日申请的Hassell等的美国专利申请，序列号为09/157,256中说明了带有数字存储部件的交互式电视节目指南系统，该文全文收录在此作为本文的参考文献。
数字存储部件76可包含在机顶盒72中或者可通过一个输出端口和适当的接口对于机顶盒72来说是外部的。如果需要，机顶盒72中的处理电路可把接收到的视频、声频和数据信号格式化成数字文件格式。该文件格式可以是一种开放的文件格式，例如运动图象专家组(MPEG)MPEG-2标准或者运动联合图象专家组(MJPEG)标准。所产生的数据可经过适当的总线(例如，采用电气和电子工程师学会(IEEE)1394标准的总线)流入数字存储部件76，并且接着存储在数字存储部件76上。在另一适用方法中，可从电视分送设施24(图1)接收MPEG-2数据流或一系列文件并予以存储。
电视机26可通过通信路径94接收来自辅助存储部件86的视频信号。通信路径94上的视频信号可由辅助存储设备86生成，可以在回放记录的数字媒体时由数字存储部件76生成，可经过机顶盒72传送，当用户电视设备90不包括辅助存储部86件可时从机顶盒72直接提供给电视机90，或者可由电视机90直接接收。在常规电视观看期间，提供给电视机90的视频信号对应于用户已用机顶盒72调到的想要的频道。当利用机顶盒72回放存储在数据存储部件76中的信息时，也可以由机顶盒72向电视机90提供视频信号。
机顶盒72可具有存储器78。该存储器78可以是任何存储器或者其它存储部件，例如随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、闪速存储器、硬盘机、这些部件的某种组合，等等，其适用于存储指令和/或数据。
机顶盒72可具有一个提取器80。该提取器80可以是任何适用于从实时数据流中析取数据的硬件、软件或它们的组合(例如，垂直消隐间隔“VBI”提取器)。如果需要可把类似部件集成到用户电视设备26中的不同硬件里。
机顶盒72可包括一个通信部件74，用于通过各接口70在通信路径30和32上和电视分送设施24、计算机网络服务器28、其它设施或者它们的组合通信。通信部件74可以是一个或多个调制解调器(例如，任何适用的模拟或数字标准、蜂窝或电缆调制解调器)，网络接口卡(例如，以太网卡，令牌网卡，等等)或者其它适用的通信部件。如果需要电视机90和/或辅助存储部件86也可包含这种适用的通信部件。
图4中示出图3的用户电视设备26的一个更泛化的实施例。通过用户电视设备26的控制电路125接收来自电视分送设施24以及其它分送设施的数据(例如，节目记录数据，节目指南数据，等)。控制电路125例如可包括适用于从模拟频道析取带内数据的电路，如图3中用提取器80示出那样。可利用图3的机顶盒结构提供控制电路125的功能。替代地，可把这些功能集成到高级电视接收机(例如，数字电视接收机或高清晰度电视(HDTV)接收机)、个人计算机电视机(PC/TV)或任何其它适当的设备中。如果需要，可以使用这些设备的组合。
图3的用户电视设备26可以具有辅助存储部件155、数字存储部件150或它们的任何适当组合，以用于记录节目。如果需要可以略掉辅助存储部件155和数字存储部件150。辅助存储部件155可以是任何适用类型的模拟或数字节目存储部件(例如，个人视频记录机“PVR”，智能VCR，等等)。可由控制电路125控制节目记录特性以及其它特性。数字存储部件150例如是可写光存储部件(例如能处理可记录DVD盘的DVD播放机)，磁存储部件(例如磁盘机或数字磁带)，或者任何其它数字存储部件。
用户电视设备26也可以包含存储器130。存储器130可以是任何存储器或者其它存储部件，例如随机存取存储器(RAM)，只读存储器(ROM)，闪速存储器，硬盘，这些部件的某种组合等，其适用于存储指令和数据，例如，所存储的数据可包括节目指南数据，节目记录指令或者任何其它适用于由控制电路125使用的数据。另外，存储器130可以和数字存储部件150或辅助存储部件155组合，或者由数字存储部件150或辅助存储部件155提供。存储器130还可用于高速缓存视频。例如可以从辅助存储部件155向控制电路125传递节目记录指令以便指示某远程服务器(例如图2中的节目指南服务器50)延迟或延长记录时间，所传送的节目记录指令可存储在存储器130中。
用户电视设备26还可以包括通信部件145，其用于支持用户电视设备26和电视分送设施24、计算机网络服务器28、其它适当设施或它们的某种组合之间在通信路径30和32上通过各接口70的通信。通信部件145可以是一个或多个调制解调器(例如，任何适用的模拟或数字标准、蜂窝或电缆调制解调器)，网络接口卡(例如以太网卡，令牌网卡，等等)或者其它适用的通信部件。
在一些实施例中，用户电视设备26可以包括多个可能类型不同的通信部件145。例如，一个或多个通信部件145可以是用来支持各因特网信道的集成电缆调制解调器。一个或多个通信部件145可以是用于带内数据路径的接收器或调谐器。当把用户电视设备26调谐到某电视频道时，可以和该频道的声频和视频一起发送与该电视频道相关的或者无关的数据。对于模拟电视，可以在视频垂直消隐间隔(VBI)中发送该数据。对于数字电视，可以在同一模拟载波上按一个独立的数字数据流发送该数据。一个或多个通信部件可以是用于带外数据路径的接收器。例如，一个接收器或调谐器可专用于连续地从某带外数据频道接收带外数据。该频道可以持续提供数据，无论用户电视设备26的其它资源的状态如何。一个或多个通信部件145可以是用于电话拨号连接的调制解调器。
用户可以利用用户输入部件135控制用户电视设备26的操作。用户输入部件135可以是指点部件，无线遥控器，键盘、触模板，语音识别系统，基于笔的计算机部件或者任何其它适当的用户输入部件。为了观看电视，用户指示控制电路125在显示器及音频输出部件140上显示想要的电视频道。为了访问节目指南的各种功能，用户指示在用户电视设备26上所实现的节目指南生成主菜单或其它希望的菜单显示屏幕以在输出部件140上显示。
当用户指示希望访问交互式电视节目指南(例如，通过使用遥控器92上的“MENU(菜单)”键)时，该节目指南可在输出部件140上生成一个适当的节目指南显示屏幕。可提供图5所示的示意性主菜单显示屏500以允许用户访问各种节目指南特性。该交互式电视节目指南可向用户提供观看电视节目栏目表的机会。例如可以按时间、按频道、按类别(例如，电影、体育、儿童节目等)或按标题(例如，和标题正文搜索匹配的栏目表)显示节目栏目表。可以利用任何适当的列表、表格、栅格或其它显示方案显示节目栏目表。用户例如可以通过把加亮区502定位在想要的节目指南选项504上并且按遥控器一个键，例如“OK”、“Select(选择)”或“Enter(送入)”键来指示希望观看节目栏目表。当用户指示希望观看电视节目栏目表时，该节目指南可得到节目栏目表数据并且生成用于在输出部件140上显示的适当节目栏目表显示屏幕。可以通过来自节目指南服务器(例如，图2的节目指南服务器50)、来自存储器(例如图4的存储器130)或来自任何其它能提供节目指南数据的适当来源的数据流来提供节目栏目表数据。节目栏目表显示屏幕可以是重叠的屏幕显示或者是全屏幕显示。栏目表也可以是叠加的或者和节目放在同一个屏幕上(例如，“浏览”方式中所使用那样)。主菜单屏幕500以及其它显示屏幕还可以包括可选的广告，商标标志图，当前日期，当前时间，当前频道标识符，当前调到频道的简化视频，或者任何其它和本发明的特性相关的项目。
图6示出按时间显示的节目栏目表显示屏幕600。节目栏目表显示屏幕600包括加亮区602，其可用于加亮节目栏目604。用户可以通过利用用户输入部件(例如图4的用户输入部件135)输入适当的命令来定位加亮区602。例如，如果用户输入部件具有一个小键盘，则用户可以利用该小键盘的上、下、左、右箭头键移动加亮区602。若需要，触敏屏幕、跟踪球、语音识别部件、基于笔的计算机部件或者其它适用部件可用于移动加亮区或者用于在不使用加亮区602时选择节目栏目。这些选择节目栏目的方法只是说明性的。如果需要，可以使用任何用来选择节目栏目、节目指南选项或节目指南中的其它项目的适当方法。
交互式电视节目指南还对用户提供一种选择要记录的节目的手段，用户可把加亮区602定位在某希望的节目列目604上并且可以利用遥控器92选择该加亮的节目栏目604(例如通过使用遥控器92上的“OK”键)。当选择节目栏目604时，显示图7的信息显示屏幕700以便显示各节目相关选项以及对该选定节目的描述。例如，除了其它选项(家长控制选项704和提醒选项706)外，显示屏幕700可包括记录选项702。显示屏幕700还可以包括取消选项708，以向用户提供一种退出信息显示屏幕700和选择别的感兴趣的节目栏目的途径。操作中，当用户从节目栏目表显示屏幕600选择一个节目栏目，例如节目栏目“Jets队对Miami队”时，该节目指南显示信息显示屏幕700。信息显示屏幕700可以包括对该选定的“Jets队对Miami队”节目的详细描述以及用户可选的选项702、704、706和708。当用户选择记录选项702时，该节目指南把节目栏目604选择成要被记录。
参照图8，如果需要，可以在节目栏目604中显示图符以指示和该节目关联的动作或者告诉用户特别信息。例如，可以在被选择为要记录的节目在节目栏目表中的常规位置上显示它们，其中用和该节目关联的图符指示该节目已选择成要被记录。还可以在节目栏目604中显示一个图符以指示对于该节目栏目可得到时间改变信息。时间改变可以是改变开始时间、结束时间或者二者。时间改变，其还称为时间延迟和/或延长，可在额定时间(例如，额定开始时间)之前或之后。额定开始时间和结束时间是事先公布的节目时间。
图8的示意性显示屏幕800例如示出一个计划要记录的栏目，即星期五晚8点的“Jets队对Miami队”。节目栏目604包括被显示的图符802以指示已把“Jets队对Miami队”节目选择成要记录。用于计划在星期五晚8点广播的“朋友”节目的栏目608可包括被显示的图符804以指示对于该节目可得到时间改变信息。若需要，节目栏目604也可以包括对该选为要记录的节目存在着时间改变信息的指示。用户例如可以通过访问记录目录显示屏幕(列出要记录和待定节目选择)、选择指示时间改变信息的待定选择以及选择观看该节目的有关记录信息，例如时间延迟和/或延长信息)来观看时间改变信息。在图9-11c中将进一步讨论记录目录样本和各种记录信息显示屏幕。另外可通过其它手段访问选定节目的时间改变信息。在另一实施例中，不在列表屏幕中指示某一节目的时间改变信息的可得到性。例如，时间改变信息可能总是可得到的，可能在播出时间之前永远不能得到，或者可在没有显示某图符(例如图符804)的指南下得到。可以使用其它适当的方法来指示存在时间改变信息或者指示某节目已选择为要记录。例如，可以用不同的颜色、字型、形状或者任何其它适当效果显示各节目。
节目指南可对用户提供观看已选为要记录的节目的目录的机会。图9示出当用户从图5的主菜单显示屏幕500选择记录选项506时节目指南可显示的记录目录显示屏幕900。记录目录显示屏幕900可向用户提供一个已选为要记录的节目的列表。例如，目录显示屏幕900可向用户提供已记录选择的栏目表902和待决选择栏目表904，已记录选择栏目表902可以是已经记录的选定节目的栏目表，而待决选择栏目表904可以是已选择成要记录的节目的栏目表。当从栏目表904选择待决选择906时可向用户显示图10的显示屏幕1000。
图10示出待决选择显示屏幕1000。显示屏幕1000可向用户提供和选为要记录的待决节目有关的各种选项。例如，显示屏幕1000可包括用于从待记录的节目表中去掉该节目的选择删除选项1002，用于接收有关该选定节目的其它信息的记录信息选项1004，或者用于规定记录该节目的各种设定的记录偏好选项1006。可把其它选项做成能从显示屏幕1000中得到。
节目记录技术可包含用于跟踪分送者用来从预定时间延迟实时节目的开始时间或者延长结束时间的时间改变的方法。图11a-11c示出可向用户提供与选为要记录的节目有关的信息的记录信息显示屏幕。用户可以选择观看有关某要记录的节目的其它信息。例如，用户可选择图10的记录信息选项1004以便访问图11a的记录信息显示屏幕1125。显示屏幕1125可向用户提供节目信息区1102和状态区1104。区1102可包括描述区1130内的节目描述，包含播放该节目的频道标识符的频道区1131以及显示节目等级的等级区1132。区1102中还可包括其它的区。
数据可以和要记录的节目关联。利用任何适当的方法这些数据(例如，节目栏目表数据)可以和节目一起或者独立于节目提供给记录系统。可以利用连续数据流、周期性数据流、基于客户-服务器的数据通信、任何其它适当方法或者它们的某种组合来提供关联的数据。该关联数据例如可提供时间改变信息。该信息可在区1104中公布。区1104可向用户提供有关开始时间、结束时间以及这些时间中的延迟和/或延长的信息。区1110或1111可分别示出节目的开始时间和结束时间。区1110可公布额定开始时间，而区1111可公布额定结束时间。区1104还可以公布时间改变信息。
区1104还可公布时间改变信息。在一实施例中，区1104中显示的时间改变信息可包括预计延迟区1108中的预测时间延迟和/或预计延长区1109中的预测时间延长。可由节目提供者、数据提供者(例如图2中的电视分送设施24)或者任何其它适当提供者根据过去出现的时间改变或根据任何其它适用方法来提供预测时间延迟和时间延长。可保持以前的时间改变的日志(例如利用存储部件)。结合图14将进一步讨论预测时间改变中的日志使用。
在另一实施例中，区1104中显示的时间改变信息可以是实际时间延迟和/或延长信息。图11b示出信息显示屏幕1150。该显示屏幕1150中的区1104可指示在实际延迟区1152中预计的实际时间延迟和/或实际延长区1154中的实际时间延长。实际时间延迟和实际时间延长也可以由该节目提供者、该数据提供者或任何其它适当提供者提供。该实际时间延迟可以是对节目的开始时间预计的实际延迟，而实际时间延长可以是节目分送者对节目结束时间预计的实际延长。
一些记录系统(例如VCR)一次只能记录一个节目。这些系统允许记录相接的节目，其中可以根据额定开始和结束时间记录这二个节目。当这种类型的记录系统经历其中一个节目之中的时间改变时，相接的记录可能重叠并且可以造成相接节目之一或者二者的记录中的截断。通过调整相接节目之一或二者的时间延迟和/或延长，该节目指南可以帮助减少相接记录的截断。例如，节目指南可根据时间改变预测的置信度决定调整哪个节目记录时间。可以通过一些收集的用来提供预测时间改变的样本的数目确定时间改变中的置信度。在这样的系统中，节目指南能够自动地减少重叠的相接节目的记录中的截断。
在另一实施例中，如果在一个一次只能记录一个节目的记录系统中检测到二个相接的记录，可以对第一相接节目赋予优先。该节目指南能自动地调整二个相接节目中的第二个节目以保持第一个节目的结尾。对于宁肯损失节目的前头而不损失结尾或结局的用户，这是优选的。
可能不能得到时间改变信息。如果对于某个选为要记录的节目时间改变信息是不能得到的，记录相关信息区1104可在延迟区1180中公布“延迟信息不能得到”和在延长区1182中公布“延长信息不能得到”，如图11c的显示屏幕1175中示出的那样。不过，如果对于某选为要记录的节目可得到时间延迟和/或延长信息，则用户可以选择调整记录开始和结束时间以便补偿时间改变。图11a-11c向用户提供记录优先选项1106。记录优先特性1106可向用户提供调整记录时间以补偿预测的或实际的时间改变的机会。图12a和12b分别示出示意性显示屏幕1200和1250，它们示出当选择选项1106时向用户提供的功能。
图12a的显示屏幕1200向用户提供调整其记录优先的各种选项。显示屏幕1200可包括用于示出要记录的节目的栏目信息的节目栏目区1208，和用于分别公布预测的或者实际的时间延迟和/或延长的时间改变信息区1214和1216。还向用户提供用于设定记录系统的操作方式的方式选项1202。操作方式允许用户在手动方式和自动方式之间进行选择。若用户选择控制记录时间，则他或她可选择方式选项1202中的“手动”。当选择该选项时向用户提供规定应如何延迟记录的开始和/或应如何延长记录的结束的能力。在手动方式下，用户可使用记录开始时间选项1204和记录结束时间选项1206。选项1204和选项1206分别允许用户规定系统应该如何早地和/或如何晚地开始和结束对选定节目的记录。例如，在图11a中。在用于节目“泰坦尼克”的状态区1104中显示二分钟的预测时间延迟和延长。一旦得知该节目的时间改变，用户可以利用图11a的记录优先选项1106访问图12a的显示屏幕1200，并规定记录应在何时开始和结束记录。当用户满意其调整时，该用户可通过利用退出选项1210退出显示屏幕1250来保存其选择。如果用户决定取消对该选定节目的记录或决定取消显示屏幕1200中的选择方式，则用户可以选择取消选项1212。
如果需要，当用户把某节目栏目选择为自动记录(例如，通过加亮某栏目并且按用户输入部件135上的“记录”键，通过从图7的显示中选择记录选项702，等等)时，可显示单个显示屏幕，其包括例如图11a和12a中示出的但可能除了记录优先选项1006之外的选项和信息。该显示屏幕允许用户同时查看节目相关信息、记录优先和时间改变信息。例如可以通过主菜单显示屏幕访问要记录的节目的列表。
在另一实施例中，记录系统可配置成自动地进行调整以补偿时间改变。图12b中的显示屏幕的1250显示设置成“自动”的方式选项1202。如果选择该方式，可以由该记录系统自动地设定选项1204和1206中显示的开始时间和结束时间以补偿预测的或实际的时间改变。如果需要，当处于“自动”方式下时，可遮蔽记录开始时间选项1204和记录结束时间选择1206以表示当前不能由用户选择这些选项。例如，可以由该记录系统自动地把分别在区1108和1109中公布的二分钟的预测时间延迟和延长合并到额定开始时间和结束时间中。如图12b所示，节目“泰坦尼克”具有晚7点的额定开始时间和晚10点15分的额定结束时间。作为预测延迟和“自动”方式的结果，记录系统自动地把选项1204调整到在7:02PM开始记录并把选项1206调整到在10:17PM结束记录。
显示屏幕1200和1250只是出于说明的目的提供的，而不是作为限制。这些显示屏幕中可包括其它时间改变选项。如果存在与一个选为要记录的节目关联的实际时间改变和预测时间改变，并且选择自动方式，则记录系统可以根据无论哪个更长的时间改变来调整开始时间和结束时间。如果需要，不选择较长的时间改变，而是把该记录系统配置成总是选择这二种时间改变信息类型中的一特定类型。
图13-15是本发明的一些实施例中涉及到的示意性步骤的流程图。图13-15中示出的这些步骤只是说明性的并且可在任何适当的次序下完成。实际中，可以增加、删除或合并步骤。
图13是调整某选定节目的记录时间中所涉及的各示意性步骤的流程图。在步骤1302，记录系统向用户提供选择要记录的节目的机会(例如从图6中的节目栏目表显示屏幕600)。图2的节目指南分送设备56或者某数据提供者(例如图16的数据提供者1606)可向图1的用户电视设备26(例如机顶盒72)分送和节目关联的数据(例如由节目提供者规定的数据)。在步骤1304，该节目指南可判定该和节目关联的数据是否指示时间改变。若该关联的数据不指示时间改变，则在步骤1306，可在它们的预定时间记录节目。在步骤1312，若该关联的数据指出将有时间改变，则可向用户提供该节目的时间改变信息(例如，在图11a的显示区1108和1109中或者在图11b的显示区1152和1154中显示)。步骤1312可包括通过确定节目额定时间中的时间延迟和/或延长来判定时间改变的持续时间的子步骤1314。在步骤1310，可利用该时间改变记录该节目以便补偿步骤1304中指出的时间改变。步骤1310可包括通过确定节目额定时间中的时间延迟和/或延长来判定时间改变的持续时间的子步骤1308。当调整记录时间以补偿时间改变时，可以不带截断地正确记录节目或者在减小不进行调整时会出现的截断的情况下记录节目。如果希望，可在步骤1312中显示时间改变信息后进行步骤1310，或者可在步骤1304中指出时间改变后进行步骤1312。
可以保持先前的带有时间改变的节目的日志，以便预测以后的节目时间改变。当时间改变日志包含和某选定节目有关的时间改变的记录时，节目指南分送设备56可向用户电视设备26发送时间改变日志信息或者基于该时间改变日志信息的信息。该日志可使用频道历史信息，网络历史信息或者任何其它监视预定节目时间改变的适当准则。图14a是预定时间改变所涉及的示意性步骤的流程图。在步骤1402，保持以前带有改变的时间的节目的日志，并将该日志存储在诸如图2的节目指南服务器50的节目指南服务器上或者诸如存储器78或数字存储部件76的本地存储器中。当用户选择记录某节目时，该节目指南服务器在步骤1404查询某存储部件(例如存储部件54)并且搜索任何和该选定节目有关的日志条目。如果没有和该节目选择关联的或相关的日志条目，则该指南在步骤1406不预测时间改变。例如，可在图11c的区1180和1182中显示正文“不能得到延迟信息”和正文“不能得到延长信息”。如果步骤1404中某存储的日志条目和用户的节目选择相关联或者相关，则可在步骤1408利用来自日志的时间改变信息来预测时间延迟和/或延长。可以按频道、按网络、按实际节目或者通过任何其它可使用的方法使用户的节目选择和已存储的日志条目相关。也可以使用其它适当方法，例如，利用基于节目类型播放中的时间改变的统计分析。
图14b是示出记录系统如何可以补偿预测的时间改变的示意性步骤流程图。在步骤1409预测时间改变。步骤1409可包括其中显示预测的时间改变的子步骤1410。例如，当用户访问该交互式节目指南时显示某显示屏幕(例如图11b的显示屏幕1150)。在步骤1412，记录系统进行检查以察看是否把记录方式设定成自动补偿时间改变。例如，用户可以通过图12a和12b的选项1202选择操作方式。如果未把记录系统设定为自动，则在步骤1414，可向用户提供调整记录设定的机会。例如，用户可以调整图12a的选项1204中的开始时间和选项1206中的结束时间。若把操作方式设定成自动地响应时间改变，则可在步骤1416自动调整计划的记录时间以补偿节目的开始和结束时间中的时间改变。当已调整了记录的开始和结束时间以补偿时间延迟和/或延长时，在步骤1418可按调整后的时间记录节目。
图14c是预测出时间改变时记录系统如何补偿相邻记录的示意性步骤流程图。在步骤1430，一次只能记录一个节目的记录系统(例如VCR)可设置记录二个时间上彼此相接的节目。例如，可把第一节目(以下称为预定节目)设定成在12:00PM至1:00PM于一个频道上记录，并且把一个相接的节目设定成从1:00PM至1:30PM在另一个频道上记录。在步骤1432，该预定节目可经历时间改变。当在这种类型的记录系统中出现时间改变时，可在步骤1434进行检测以便评估是否存在一个相接的节目。这能使该记录系统检测节目记录中的重叠并尝试相应地补偿使节目记录中的截断为最小。若不存在相接的节目记录，则在步骤1436该记录系统可相应地为该预定节目调整记录开始和结束时间以补偿该预测的时间改变。
若在步骤1434检测出要记录的相接节目，则确定该预定节目的预测时间改变中的置信程度。在步骤1438比较该预定节目的置信程度和该相接节目的置信程度。例如可以通过评估收集到的以前的时间改变的样本数目来确定置信程度。该记录系统可能确定收集到用来提供该预定节目的预测时间改变的这些样本在和该相接节目比较时不够可靠。这可向该记录系统发信号以对该预定节目的该预测时间改变分配低置信程度。如果该置信程度被确定为低，则该记录系统可在步骤1444调整该预定节目的记录时间，以便试图使将被记录的更可靠的相接节目中的截断为最小。不过，如果当和相接节目的记录比较时该预定节目的记录的置信程度高时，该记录系统可在步骤1442调整该相接节目的记录时间以减小该预定节目的记录中的截断。可使用其它适当方法来确定调整相接节目记录中的哪一个。
在本发明的记录系统的又一实施例中，可以监视实时数据流。图15是该实施例的示意流程图。在步骤1502，向用户提供选择要记录的节目的机会。在步骤1504，该选定节目被提示成要记录(例如用图8的图符802指出)。当该节目被提示时，可在步骤1506由该记录系统监视实时数据流。在步骤1508，一提取器(例如图3的集成在机顶盒72中的提取器80)译解输入数据流以查找该节目即将开始或结束的指示信号。如果译解的数据流指示该节目将要开始或结束，则可在步骤1512向该记录系统发信号以开始记录或者结束记录，否则该记录系统可继续监视该实时数据。
图16示出用来提供对预测的或实际的时间延迟和/或延长的自动或手动调整的简化系统图。该系统可包括用户电视设备1602，例如前面接合图1-4讨论的用户电视设备。该系统可包括媒体提供者1604，其可以是用于向用户电视设备1602分送媒体，例如电视广播节目、无线电广播、视频点播、付费节目、音乐点播等等的分送设施。分送的媒体可以是现场事件的实时媒体，诸如特定电视节目的实况广播(例如10:00PM的“马里兰大学对杜克大学”兰球赛的实况广播)，可以是实时媒体，诸如特定音乐录音的无线电台广播以便作为正在广播的音乐录音供听众收听，等等。
如上面所讨论，可以充许用户观看即将到来的媒体事件(例如，节目，歌曲等等)的栏目表并且允许用户选择根据时间表(例如媒体事件时间表)自动记录的媒体事件。媒体提供者1604例如可以是电视分送设施，无线电台，网络广播中心，计算机网络等等，或者其中的多个。除其它之外，数据提供者1606可以是提供与媒体事件(例如计划呈现给用户的媒体提供者的媒体事件)相关的时间改变信息的提供者。
如上面所讨论，时间改变信息可以是计划要广播的即将到来的或者当前的媒体事件的预测时间改变或实际时间改变。数据提供者1606可以是电视分送设施，无线电台，计算机服务器，计算机网络，因特网，等等，或者它们的某种组合。向用户电视设备1602提供数据的技术如上面所讨论(例如利用VBI)。如果需要，媒体提供者1604和数据提供者1606可以是单个设施1608(例如，某个向电视观众分送供实况展示的(预先记录或现场)节目的并且分送数据的电视分送设施，其中该数据除了其它内容外提供该节目的时间改变信息)。数据提供者1606可分送实时数据流以供用户电视设备1602使用(例如，可与向观众分送某节目或广播节目实时对应地分送用于该节目或广播节目的数据)。
这样就提供了减小记录节目中的截断的系统和方法。
本领域技术人员会理解可以按照和所说明的各实施例不同的方式实现本发明，这些实施例是按说明性的而非限制性的目的给出的，而本发明只由附后的权利要求书限定。

Claims (1)

1.一种记录系统中使用的用来减小记录节目时的截断的方法，其包括：
提供有关某预定节目的时间改变信息；以及
根据该时间改变信息记录该节目以便补偿时间改变。
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WO2001076239A3 (en) 2002-02-21
KR100806647B1 (ko) 2008-02-26
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BR0109597A (pt) 2003-02-04
EP1273169A2 (en) 2003-01-08
AU2001250056B2 (en) 2006-05-25
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US9307278B2 (en) 2016-04-05
ES2497091T5 (es) 2018-05-29
CN1606871A (zh) 2005-04-13
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US20170201713A1 (en) 2017-07-13
US20160219334A1 (en) 2016-07-28
US20100215341A1 (en) 2010-08-26
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US9525914B2 (en) 2016-12-20
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