CN1681310A - 电视广播设备和方法 - Google Patents

电视广播设备和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1681310A
CN1681310A CNA2005100090992A CN200510009099A CN1681310A CN 1681310 A CN1681310 A CN 1681310A CN A2005100090992 A CNA2005100090992 A CN A2005100090992A CN 200510009099 A CN200510009099 A CN 200510009099A CN 1681310 A CN1681310 A CN 1681310A
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China
Prior art keywords
commercial film
program
user
receiver
described commercial
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Granted
Application number
CNA2005100090992A
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English (en)
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CN100407786C (zh
Inventor
鲁文·瓦赫特福格尔
戴维·理查森
什洛莫·基普尼
乔纳森·迈斯洛
优素福·楚尔拉
约纳坦·西尔韦
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Synamedia Ltd
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NDS Ltd
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Publication of CN1681310A publication Critical patent/CN1681310A/zh
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Publication of CN100407786C publication Critical patent/CN100407786C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Abstract

一种广播系统，包括：头端器，用于广播具有商业广告片的节目内容；和在用户位置的多个接收机－译码器，每一个所述接收机－译码器接收正在广播的所述节目内容，并包括用于至少部分地根据过去对所述商业广告片的观看来处理所述商业广告片的商业广告片单元。

Description

电视广播设备和方法
本申请是申请号为99801052.9、申请日为1999年6月23日、申请人为NDS有限公司的中国专利申请的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及的是数字电视记录系统。
发明背景
今天，在家庭中电视节目记录在使用录象机(VCR)的低容量录象带存储装置中。典型地，传统录象带只能存储三个或四个小时质量好的电视节目。因此，为了记录许多小时的节目，用户必须使用几个录象带。
传统的VCR是被动的记录装置，因为它不确定什么样的电视题材要记录。典型地，VCR必须由用户进行编程，以开始记录，程序选项典型地只包括开始记录时间和结束记录时间的选择。
当用户要看部分所记录的电视节目时，用户必须首先确定电视节目记录在哪盘带子中，因为VCR不提供记录内容指导。尽管用户可以在每盘带子上写明其中所记录电视节目的题目，但是大多数用户没有记住在他们的录象带所记录的电视节目的磁道。这就使得搜索录象带中的电视节目很困难。
即使用户确定哪盘录象带包括需要的电视节目之后，用户必须倒带或前进带子，以找到需要的电视节目部分。这样的操作不方便，并且典型地引起磨损录象带及VCR的
几个电-机部分，因此结果是常常需要在视频实验室进行修理。
一些VCR也提供编辑功能，该功能能够使用户编辑所记录的电视节目。然而，用VCR进行编辑是困难的，并且需要频繁地倒带或前进录象带，如上述提到的那样，引起磨损录象带和VCR的几个电-机部分。
因此，人们需要一种记录和查找系统，该系统能够容易存取所存储的电视节目选择的部分，对电视节目的简单编辑有更高的要求。
在公开出版的1998年4月18-23日Philips Research，Eindhoven，The Netherlands，由Meuleman等撰写的题目是“DoubleAgent - Presentation and Filtering Agents for a DigitalTelevision Recording system”的文中，描述了双媒介(agent)，该媒介研究了通过拟人接口电视节目自动选择的情况和它们的图象。双媒介根据由实验数字VCR所记录的数据进行操作。
在公开出版的1998年5月3日Philips Research，Eindhoven，The Netherlands，由Person撰写的题目是“SMASH-a concept foradvanced use of storage at home”文中描述了SMASH(Storage forMultimedia Applications and Systens)的概念。该设计的主要目的是：一方面研究由大量进入客户家庭的新数字服务所提供的未来可能性，另一方面是研究适合于家庭使用的感人电视节目的存储技术。
在公开出版的1998年5月3日Philips Research，Eindhoven，The Netherlands，由Kohar等人撰写的题目是“Mediators-Guidesthrough online TV services”文中描述了拟人指导，该拟人指导在交互电视服务中帮助用户对目录进行选择和引导。
下列美国专利涉及的是电视中的特殊效果：4,080,626；4,272,787；4,768,095；4,774,582；4,777,531；5,519,448；5,621,473。
以色列专利申请121230，申请日是1997年7月3日，及对应公开的PCT申请WO 99/01984(这两个申请都转让给NDS Limited)描述了一种系统，用于使用智能媒介，基于用户的行为使电子节目指导用户化。
以色列专利申请120174，申请日是1997年2月8日，及相应公开的UK专利申请2,322,030(这两个申请都转让给NDS Linited)描述了一种用于产生和记录数字数据流的方法，特别是保护记录包括数字电视数据的数字数据流的方法。
在1998年5月1日DAVIC(The Digital Audio-Visual Council)公开的DAVIC/TC/APP/98/05/001题目是“Applications for HomeStorage Based Systems”中描述了许多应用，通过提供家庭存储系统能够实现这些应用，通过适当的使用目录描述、标记、连接和媒介技术使使用起来更容易。
上述描述的所有参考文献的公开内容和整个说明书文中结合作为参考。
                       发明概述
本发明是要提供数字电视记录装置，该装置具有有效但又简单的用户接口，该接口能够通过数字电视记录装置操作所记录的信息。
在本发明中，电视节目基于连续修改的用户概况记录在高容量的存储器中。电视节目也基于用户的概况呈现给观看者。电视节目包括各种不同类型的电视内容，如节目，商业广告片，夹片，节目导视，数据，多媒体信息，超媒体链接和电传。高容量存储器可以包括高容量的硬盘和高容量的外部存储器。
用户既可以观看从高容量的存储器查找到的广播电视或节目，也可以链接到其他的网络，如Internet。当观看由存储器查找到的节目时，用户有操作节目的各种可能，如在节目中编辑、标记和组合提示区，在可确定的条件下标记查找节目，改变家长控制标准，使用特殊的特征，如画中画(PIP)。用户也具有附加的交互特征。
用户可以用简单的方法由广播电视转换到存储的节目。此外，由数字电视记录装置提供的特征之一是节目定格，在节目定格中当要求用户停止观看电视时，节目被定格，然后由定格的那一时刻自动在存储器中记录节目。当用户再次能够观看节目时，从存储器查找节目，用户可以以延时模式恢复由定格时刻正在观看的节目。
电视节目的存储能够处理如计算机软件程序之类的程序，因此带来了许多优点。此外，可以修改灵活的编程工具，对该编程工具进行修改以满足特殊电视观看的需要。根据本发明的优选实施例，提供了一种数字电视记录方法，该方法包括播放与广播装置参数集合有关的电视节目，这些参数能够存取节目预定部分的第一集合，操作媒介，用于确定是否记录节目，并根据记录的节目，将节目与能够存取节目预定部分第二集合的媒介参数的集合相联系，将节目与广播参数集合和媒介参数集合一同存储以产生能够寻址的节目，查找至少部分可寻址节目，向用户显示该至少部分可寻址节目；接收来自用户的能够存取可寻址节目预定部分第三集合的用户参数集合，对可寻址节目进行编辑，以包括能够存取可寻址节目预定部分第三集合的用户参数集合，从而产生所编辑的可寻址节目，存储所编辑的可寻址节目。
最好运行媒介参数的集合，以覆盖(override)至少部分广播参数的集合。最好运行用户参数的集合，以覆盖至少部分广播装置参数的集合，或部分媒体参数的集合。
最好，广播装置参数的集合包括参数的子集，该参数的子集不能被任何媒介参数的集合或用户参数的集合覆盖。
此外，至少广播装置参数集合、媒介参数集合、用户参数集合之一可以包括一个标记，该标记确定至少一个节目查找参数和内容查找参数。
此外进一步，媒介参数集合包括确定节目记录质量的记录质量参数。用户参数集合最好包括确定如用户提供的节目等级的等级参数。
电视节目可以包括商业广告片，广播装置参数集合可以包括商业广告片参数集合。最好，广播装置参数集合包括一个参数，该参数确定需要与商业广告片和节目至少之一有关的附加信息。广播装置参数集合也最好包括一个参数，该参数用于在预定数量人已经看了商业广告片之后或用户已经看了预定次数的商业广告片之后确定商业广告片的终止。
此外，广播装置的参数集合也包括一个参数，该参数用于禁止快进/快倒浏览整个节目。
另外或此外，电视节目包括在电视屏幕上以画中画(PIP)模式同步显示的两个独立电视节目，用户参数集合包括一个确定观察选择的参数，用于在整个屏幕上只观看两个独立电视节目之一。
最好，广播装置参数集合包括确定下列信息字段至少之一的至少一个参数：节目类型；伴随节目的补充信息；相关的一种语言的音频通道，该语言不同于在与节目有关的原始音频通道中使用的语言；节目删除许可/禁止；与要求家长控制的至少部分节目有关的家长控制；节目的终止时间；画中画可用性；节目题目；节目何时播放的时间；节目的长度；确定节目是否加密；节目压缩的格式；节目的特征；在节目中已经传送的内容的删除；将部分内容有选择地路由到所选择的用户；上下文特殊的标记；媒体项。
此外，媒介参数集合包括确定至少下列信息字段之一的至少一个参数：节目记录的质量；要求记录的节目类型；要求记录的最喜欢节目的至少一个题目；要求节目记录的时间和日期；存在的附属于节目的回顾；上下文特殊的标记；媒体项；节目目录。
此外进一步，用户参数集合包括确定至少下列信息字段之一的至少一个参数：由用户提供的节目等级；节目的回顾；要求有关节目的附加信息；编辑操作之后节目的格式；节目中至少一个提示区；用于在存储前压缩节目的压缩首选项；图象操作；和视频墙纸选择。
最好，节目预定部分的第一集合、节目预定部分的第二集合、可寻址节目预定部分的第三集合包括相同的节目部分。
根据本发明优选实施例也提供一种数字记录方法，该方法包括确定是否记录节目，根据记录确定，以由记录质量参数确定的记录质量记录节目。
根据本发明的优选实施例进一步提供一种数字记录方法，该方法包括确定是否记录节目，根据记录确定存储节目，依据节目给出的等级查找节目。
根据本发明的优选实施例，也提供一种数字记录方法，该方法包括确定是否记录节目，根据记录确定存储节目，依据浏览级别查找节目。
此外根据本发明的优选实施例，提供一种数字记录方法，该方法包括确定是否记录节目，依据定格选择器的第一次激活从定格选择器的第一次激活时刻起，在循环缓冲器中记录节目，有条件地存取在循环缓冲器中所记录的节目，以根据定格选择器的第二次激活，从循环缓冲器查找节目，显示从定格选择器的第一次激活时刻起由循环缓冲器中查找的节目。
根据本发明的优选实施例也提供数字记录节目装置，装置包括用于接收与广播装置参数集合有关的节目的接收机，广播装置参数集合能够存取节目预定部分的第一集合；与接收机联合操作、并根据记录节目操作确定是否记录节目，将节目与能够存取节目预定部分的第二集合的媒体参数集合相联系；与媒介模块操作有关并操作存储可寻址节目的存储器，可寻址节目包括与广播装置参数集合和媒介参数集合有关的节目；与媒介模块、接收机和存储器操作有关，向用户显示至少部分可寻址节目的显示器；与媒介模块操作有关并操作接收来自用户的能够对可寻址节目预定部分的第三集合进行存取的用户参数集合的输入/输出(I/O)接口；与存储器、I/O接口、媒介模块、接收机和显示器操作有关的用户编程管理器，它通过编辑可寻址节目操作产生所编辑的可寻址节目，以包括能够对节目预定部分的第三集合进行存取的用户参数集合，并在存储器中存储所编辑的可寻址节目。
根据本发明的优选实施例也提供电视节目的数字记录装置，该装置包括用于确定是否记录电视节目的处理器，与处理器有关并根据由处理器接收到的记录确定操作存储电视节目的存储器，与处理器和存储器有关并操作选择确定存储器中电视节目存储质量的记录质量参数的记录质量选择器。
此外，装置包括与处理器操作有关的定格选择器，其中根据定格选择器第一次激活，处理器由定格选择器第一次激活时刻起操作记录在存储器中的节目，根据定格选择器的第二次激活，处理器由第一次激活的时刻起操作显示存储器中记录的节目。
此外进一步，装置包括与处理器和存储器有关并可操作输入确定节目等级信息的等级激励器。装置也最好包括与处理器和存储器有关并可操作浏览存储在存储器中电视节目的NEXT键选择器。
最好，NEXT选择器根据由下列至少之一确定的顺序操作浏览存储在存储器中的电视节目：用户；媒体；广播装置。此外，NEXT选择器根据级别操作浏览存储在存储器中的电视节目。级别最好由至少下列之一来确定：用户；媒体；和广播装置。
根据本发明的优选实施例也提供电视节目数字记录装置，该装置包括用于确定是否记录电视节目的处理器，与处理器有关并根据由处理器接收到的记录确定操作存储电视节目的存储器，与处理器和存储器有关并可操作输入确定节目等级信息的等级激励器。
此外，装置包括与处理器联合操作的定格选择器，其中根据定格选择器的第一次激活，处理器从定格选择器的第一次激活时刻起在循环缓冲器中操作记录节目，并根据定格选择器的第二次激活，从第一次激活时刻起处理器操作显示记录在循环缓冲器中的节目。
最好，装置也包括与处理器和存储器有关并操作浏览存储在存储器中电视节目的NEXT键选择器。
进一步根据本发明的优选实施例也提供电视节目的数字记录装置，该装置包括用于确定是否记录电视节目的处理器，与处理器有关并根据由处理器接收到的记录确定操作存储电视节目的存储器，与处理器和存储器有关并操作浏览存储在存储器中电视节目的NEXT键选择器。
根据本发明的优选实施例也提供电视节目的数字记录装置，该装置包括用于确定是否记录电视节目的处理器，与处理器有关并根据由处理器接收到的记录确定操作存储节目的循环缓冲器，用于提供按条件存取在循环缓冲器中存储的节目的条件存取模块，和与处理器有关的可操作的定格选择器，其中根据定格选择器的第一次激活，处理器从定格选择器的第一次激活时刻起操作记录循环缓冲器中的节目，根据定格选择器的第二次激活，处理器根据条件存取模块确定的条件，从第一次激活时刻起播放记录在循环缓冲器中的节目。
最好条件存取模块确定的条件包括对整个所选择的节目部分禁止快进/快倒。
                      附图简要描述
由下面结合附图的详细描述将更全面地理解和评价本发明。
图1A是用于播放由数字电视记录装置存储并查找节目的系统简化图象，该系统是根据本发明的优选实施例构成及操作的；
图1B是图1A系统中数字电视记录装置的简化方框图，数字电视记录装置是根据本发明的优选实施例构成并操作的；
图2是图1A和1B装置操作的优选方法简化流程图；
图3A和3B一同构成了操作在图1A和1B装置中所记录的电视节目优选方法的简化流程图。
                  优选实施例的详细描述
现在参考图1A，图1A是正在播放由数字电视记录装置存储并查找节目的系统简化图象，该系统是根据本发明的优选实施例构成及操作的。
最好，装置10包括组合接收机和媒介(IRA)部分11，和存储器部分12。装置10最好接收来自传送网络的节目，并在存储器部分12中存储这些节目。
术语“节目”和“电视节目”在整个说明书和权利要求书中可交换使用，以包括各种类型的传送内容，如电视节目，商业广告片，夹片(clip)，节目导视和电子节目导视(EPGs)，数据，多媒体信息，超媒体链接，计算机程序，可以被下载的计算机数据和应用程序，小应用程序和图文电视。
最好节目可以存储在存储器部分12中和/或根据智能媒介(一般指的是一个媒体，该媒体驻留IRA部分11中)提供的指令从存储器部分12中查找节目。媒体提供的指令最好根据媒体所学习的用户的观看习惯由媒体来确定。
最好，从存储器部分12中查找的节目可以在显示器13上进行显示，显示器13可以包括任何适当类型的传统显示器。最好，显示器13与装置10联合操作。当由存储器部分12查找的节目在显示器13上进行显示时，表示节目是一个存储节目的提示14显示在显示器13上。
现在参考图1B，图1B是图1A系统中数字电视记录装置10的简化方框图，装置10是根据本发明的优选实施例构成并操作的。
最好，装置10通过卫星20或通过电视广播接收来自头端器(headend)15的节目。另外，装置10可以接收来自电缆头端器(没有表示)的节目。
最好通过同轴电缆30和连接器35或任何其它适当的常规装置在天线25接收并提供电视节目给装置10。在装置10中，电视节目最好在集成接收机和译码器(IRD)40中进行接收和译码，集成接收机和译码器40最好包括传统的IRD。
最好，在IRD40中接收的电视节目在处理器45的控制下进行调谐和译码。最好在处理器45的控制下，最好通过数据总线60，将所译码的电视节目直接提供给电视50或提供给高容量的存储器55。显然电视50可以是图1A显示器13的优选类型。
大容量的存储器55可以最好包括如传统个人计算机中使用的传统的大容量硬盘，或多个大容量硬盘。显然，今天传统计算机典型地包括具有2-4兆字节容量的硬盘，具有10兆字节容量的硬盘现在被看成是技术发展水平。具有更大容量硬盘的典型，如100兆字节，现在在开发之中，制造商称到1998年底100兆字节硬盘将大量占领市场，可买得到。
典型地，两个小时高质量的电影需要4兆字节的容量。因此，10兆字节的硬盘可以典型地存储两到三个完整的电影，或几个典型的电视剧，每个具有30-45分钟的长度。100兆字节的硬盘可以典型地存储20-25个全部长度的电影，或大约100个典型的电视剧。因此，显然，为了使装置10具有好的性能，最好由具有至少100兆字节容量的硬盘组成高容量存储器55。然而，存储器55的容量并不意味着受到限制，存储器55也可以由具有低于100兆字节容量的硬盘组成。
另外，大容量存储器55可以包括多个10兆字节的硬盘，如10个硬盘，为了有效地提供100兆字节磁盘空间可以一同存取这些硬盘，如已有技术中所公知的那样。
最好，一些电视节目也可以在处理器45的控制下存储在外部可移动的存储器65中。外部可移动存储器65可以包括下列媒体中的至少一种：磁带；CD-ROM(只读光盘存储器)；数字视频盘(DVD)；多次写入多次读出光盘或DVD；可移动硬盘。外部可移动存储器65最好是通过可移动存储器读出器和写入器70进行存取，可移动存储器读出器和写入器70与数据总线60联合操作。显然，外部可移动存储器65可以用于扩大装置10的存储容量，以便可以在存储器55和65中存储多个电影。最好，外部可移动存储器65可以包括记录媒体转换器(没有表示)，该记录媒体转换器具有多个保存在箱体(没有表示)中的、由转换器自动仪(没有表示)控制的可移动存储器。
最好，大容量存储器55和外部可移动存储器65可以另外存储由至少下列来源之一提供的视频和音频信息：外部视频源75，如摄象机，传统的VCR，或图象存储装置(没有表示)；电话网80，该网可以包括移动电话网(没有表示)；和局域网(LAN)85。显然，电话网80和LAN85提供的视频和音频信息可以源于外部资源，如万维网(WWW)(没有表示)，并可以通过网络，如互联网(没有表示)，和广域网(没有表示))发送到电话网80和LAN85。
显然，至少存储器55和存储器65之一可以被分成两个部分：电视广播装置部分，该部分可以包括，例如，用户对电视广播装置中感兴趣的商业广告片，用户部分，由用户产生或选择的信息可以存储在该部分。显然，信息可以由用户部分传送到电视广播装置部分，反之亦然。
最好，装置10通过调制解调器90与电话网80进行通信，通过LAN接口95与LAN85通信。视频源75典型地通过数据总线60与处理器45联合操作。另外，视频源75可以与图象处理器(没有表示)有关，该图象处理器可以与数据总线60联合操作。
显然，装置10也可以通过电话网80和LAN85之一与头端器15通信。另外，装置10可以通过采用射频(RF)发送器100与头端器通信，无线频率发送器100用于通过连接器35、同轴电缆30、天线25和卫星20发送上行线路信息。最好，发送器100可以用由处理器45通过数据总线60提供的数据来驱动。
另外，装置10可以通过一个现有技术中已知的甚小天线地球站(VSAT)与头端器15通信。
装置10最好也包括压缩器或/解压缩器105，它们对提供到存储器55和65任何之一的数据/由存储器55和65之一查找的数据进行压缩/解压缩操作。压缩器/解压缩器105最好与数据总线联合操作。
最好用户可以通过遥控110，或输入装置，如键盘或鼠标(没有表示)操作装置10，遥控110和输入装置可以通过输入/输出(I/O)接口115与装置10通信。I/O接口115最好包括装置10，并与处理器45联合操作。显然，用户通过遥控110输入指令和选择由处理器45执行。最好，遥控110包括功能键120、121、122、123、124、125和126，用于操作下面将描述的特殊功能。
装置10也最好包括加密机/解密机130，它们对提供给存储器55和65任何之一的数据/由存储器55和65任何之一查找的数据进行加密/解密操作。加密机/解密机130最好与数据总线60联合操作，并与由智能卡135通过智能卡阅读器140提供的键或启动源进行操作。显然，可以对由智能卡135提供的键或启动源进行操作，以提供条件存取和在存储器55和65中存储的数据的家长控制。
术语“家长控制”用在整个说明书和权利要求中，以包括由个人进行的控制，该个人有权控制什么节目另一个或人们可以观看和/或记录/删除，和/或另外使用。例如，不限于前述的一般性，家长控制典型地用来控制由儿童观看需要有父母同意的节目。
处理器45最好包括下列单元：媒介模块145；商业商业广告片管理器150；用户编程管理器155；图象处理器160；和观看分析模块165。
显然，装置10中包括的至少一些单元，特别是压缩器/解压缩器105，可以概括在通用处理器中，可以操作通用处理器，以执行由装置10中的单元执行的所有功能，装置10中的单元包括在通用处理器中。
现在简要描述图1A和1B中装置10的操作。最好，可以采用装置10，以数字记录由存储器55和65之一中的头端器15提供的电视节目。如果IRD40包括多个调谐器(没有表示)，在观看任何频道显示的任何节目同时可以操作装置10，以同步记录几个节目，其中节目可以在不同频道传送。
显然可以在非高峰时间期间传送节目，为以后显示。最好在非高峰时间期间传送的节目可以至少与下列代码之一有关：确定区字段的时间区字段代码；识别数字电视记录装置的用户识别代码；在信号消失区字段识别用户的黑名单代码，在信号消失的区字段内节目必须在以后的时间显示。
此外，安排一天显示多次的节目，如预览，商业商业广告片和具有台标和主题音乐的夹片，或根据确定条件要被显示的内容，可以只传送一次，或预加载到存储器中，并根据头端器15发送的指令查找这样的节目。因此，除了传送被安排一天显示多次的节目外，可以传送节目一次，显示节目的指令可以传送多次，或详细说明播放次数的指令可以传送一次。这可以节省传送带宽。
此外或另外，单个节目的视频、音频控制字不必一起传送。例如，如果安排节目用两个有关的音频频道传送，第一个音频频道包括英文版本，第二个音频频道包括西班牙版本，节目的视频部分可以传送一次，并存储在存储器55中。当特定版本要被广播时，如英文版本，电视广播装置可以传送第一个音频频道，查找来自存储器55视频部分的指令和将第一个音频频道与视频部分进行联系的指令。
术语“控制字”用在整个说明书和权利要求中，以包括控制字包或任何适当的控制数据/软件流，该流与节目或与部分节目有关。
类似地，节目可以与几个控制字有关，每个控制字对应不同套屏幕上的显示(OSD)，其中OSD可以包括诸如不同语言形式的信息，或依据何时显示按次付费电视节目预览具有不同定价信息的信息。最好可以以具有不同OSD的不同时间显示节目。
此外，可以单独播放节目的视频部分，音频部分和/或控制字部分。例如，可以在来自节目前面部分的视频部分之前，用来自中间另一个节目的内容，以与来自于音频部分和控制字部分不同的顺序，播放来自节目结尾的视频部分。此外，单独播放部分可以存储在存储器45中单独的位置，以增强安全性，避免电脑黑客通过检测存储器55中节目的位置对节目进行解码。
此外进一步，可以用不同的传送源对包括在节目中的视频部分、音频部分和控制字部分的不同部分进行传送。这可以增加带宽的有效使用，并通过使电脑黑客难以从单独的传送源存取节目，增强安全性。
最好，也可以采用装置10来记录由视频源75提供的节目，通过LAN85和/或电话网80通过的节目。显然，装置10也可以作为家庭服务器进行操作，用于记录/删除和显示节目和在家庭不同终端产生的、和/或由网络(如互联网)提供的信息。
此外，既可以通过用户管理系统(没有表示)，或直接到用户地址，也可以采用装置10将记录在存储器55和56中的节目传送到其他的用户。最好，传送到其他用户的节目可以通过至少下列之一传送：LAN85；电话网80；传送器100或VSAT。显然，节目传送到其他用户或有其他任何用户接收节目可以需要条件存取，条件存取最好由智能卡135提供。
显然，如节目记录，存储器55和65中存储节目的查找，存储在存储器55和65中节目的删除之类的操作，最好由处理器45来控制。装置10也最好具有不同的其他特征，如存储器55和65中存储的节目的编辑，以只包括用户感兴趣的部分。
装置10中另外可利用的特征包括播放电视节目的定格。在这样情况下，当用户定格节目时，如通过在遥控110上操作键121，例如，在存储器55中记录节目。当用户解除定格节目时，装置10可以由存储器55而不是由当前节目恢复播放节目。最好装置10使用存储器55部分作为循环缓冲器，从缓冲器由节目定格的点恢复节目。显然，从该点以操作延时的模式由存储器55中播放节目。因此，用户也可以停止观看节目，例如为了回电话，可以不丢失节目的任何部分恢复正在观看的电视节目。
显然，节目也可以包括标记，采用该标记来标记存储在循环缓冲器中的部分电视节目，以便如果用户要跳过节目的某些部分赶上电视广播，用户可以输入需要的标记，并用需要的标记跳到所标记的部分。
显然，可以用智能卡135，或任何其他传统的条件存取模块控制循环缓冲器，该模块提供对循环缓冲器中存储的节目进行条件存取。最好，智能卡135可以操作禁止对循环缓冲器中存储的节目快进/快倒操作，以便用户不能跳过对电视广播有价值的节目部分，如商业商业广告片。
显然，也可以以组态方式操作键121，在该组态方式中循环缓冲器总是操作，以便部分节目，如大部分最近五分钟接收的节目，总是存储的循环缓冲器中。这启动了提示区的存储，否则可能丢失没有看到。
装置10中其他可利用的特征最好包括在电视50屏幕上，同步显示多个节目。该特征，指的是画中画(PIP)，如果用户不想错过节目，但只有有限的时间观看电视，他可以采用该特征。最好，当在PIP模式中观看两个节目时，如果用户决定在整个电视屏幕上只观看一个节目，他可以在两个节目之间进行转换。最好通过当前播放的音频提供确定当前要看的节目。
此外或另外，在PIP模式中，用户可以在部分电视屏幕上观看没有伴音的收费节目，在电视屏幕的其余部分观看有伴音的其他节目。为了在整个屏幕上观看有伴音的收费节目，要求用户为收费节目付费。最好用传统的方法进行付费，如通过在遥控110上操作键123来接收节目。最好通过智能卡135处理付费。
显然，至少装置10接收的部分内容可以压缩和加密。在这样情况下，最好在智能卡135的控制下，在压缩器/解压缩器105中进行解压缩，在加密机/解密机130中进行解密，如现有技术中已知的那样。
最好，装置10接收的节目与能够存取节目预定部分的电视广播参数集合有关。电视广播参数集合最好确定下列信息(这些信息可以使节目和/或标记特征化，这些标号与节目有关，并使节目的特征特征化)：
(1)  节目的类型，如电影，电视剧，商业商业广告片，由WWW提供的节目。
(2)  伴随节目的补充信息，如由回顾器提供的节目回顾，有关节目给出的产品详细信息，伴随节目的注解，节目所标记部分，当前观看该节目的收视率；
(3)  以语言形式的有关音频频道，该语言不同于在与节目有关的原始音频频道中使用的语言；
(4)  节目删除允许/禁止；
(5)  与要求家长控制的至少部分节目有关的家长控制；
(6)  要观看的节目终止时间和/或次数；
(7)  特殊特征，如PIP可利用性；
(8)  一般信息，如节目题目，节目播放时间，节目长度，确定节目是否加密以及节目压缩格式；
(9)  所传送内容的质量和特征，如数据比率，已经传送的内容(如E-mail)的删除，用户选择内容部分的选择路由；
(10)  上下文的特殊标记，用于使用和/或增强传送的节目。
(11)  媒体项，如WWW内容，广告指示器和WWW网址指示器。
显然，上面提到的电视广播参数集合并不意味着受到限制，它可以包括附加参数。
显然，进一步，上面提到的所有参数不一定与每个节目有关。例如，可以以不同的语言形式，不具有补充信息或附加音频频道传送节目。
删除参数的允许/禁止最好主要同商业商业广告片一同使用，如下面所描述的，或一般用任何类型的节目使用。所有其他参数必要时传送。
显然，可以使用确定所传送内容质量和特征的参数，例如，为了通过传送比其他节目(这些节目以规则或减小的数据比率被传送)具有更高数据比率的所选择的信息或节目，改善传送效率。显然，以规则的或减小的数据比率传送的节目和以较高比率传送的节目可以存储在存储器55和65当中的任何一个，根据查找存储器55或65，可以以常规帧比率形式显示节目。
为了使用和/或增强所传送的节目，确定上下文特殊标记的参数可以用来确定节目中的特殊部分，这些节目可以是用户有特殊兴趣的，例如，最喜欢的演员演出的部分，可能是对电视广播有特殊兴趣的部分，例如，播放特殊产品的部分。
确定媒体项的参数，如WWW内容，广告指示器和WWW网址指示器，可以用来如通过在媒体项中指明给用户提供对媒体项的直接存取。
最好，在装置10中，根据程序操作驻留在模块145中的媒介，以确定是否例如在存储器55中记录节目，并与节目媒体参数结合相关联，该参数能够存取节目的预定点。媒介最好通过跟踪用户最喜欢的节目和其他的首选项，如最喜欢的频道，主要观看时间，了解用户的观看习惯。一旦确定了用户的首选项，媒介最好确定：如果节目的特征与用户的首选项一致，必须记录节目。
最好，如果媒体确定必须记录节目，媒介可以用媒介参数集合记录节目，该媒介参数集合可以不同于电视广播参数集合。显然，媒介最好可以包括智能媒介，如上面提到的以色列专利申请121230和相应公开的PCT申请WO99/01984，该智能媒介根据观察到的用户习惯了解用户的首选项，确定用户的首选项，根据用户概况(profile)，在目录中组织用户的首选项，根据连续变化的用户的观看习惯，判断首选项。显然，进一步，媒介可以是可编程的，用户可以通过输入可以被用做媒介输入的信息确定首选项。
最好，多个媒介可以驻留在媒介模块145中，每个与用户的家庭成员有关。最好每个媒介可以识别家庭成员，根据用户家庭成员输入的代码或用户家庭成员生物统计学参数来对应家庭成员。另外，用户的每个家庭成员可以通过使用遥控110上的不同键或通过使用不同的遥控，选择相应的媒介。
此外进一步，每个用户的家庭成员具有个性智能卡，每个媒介可以与相应的智能卡相关。最好，媒介可以存储在相应的智能卡中，或由相应的智能卡启动，相应的智能卡可以包括用户家庭成员观看首选项。
显然，为了简明，下面只涉及一个媒介，但并不意味中媒介数受到限制。
最好，媒介参数集合可以至少覆盖(override)电视广播参数集合的一部分。例如，如果节目是具有伴随视频两个音频频道的电视广播，媒介可以确定必须记录只有视频的音频频道之一。另外，媒介可以只记录伴随节目的部分补充信息。媒介也可以确定节目的附加部分，该部分可以要求家长控制，如果节目被认为是最喜欢的节目，可以覆盖诸如“删除允许”之类的选择项和终止时间。
显然，媒介也可以操作确定不是由电视广播参数集合提供的属性。因此，媒介参数集合最好可以另外确定下面信息的一些和全部(这些信息在记录之前和记录期间可以使与节目有关的节目和/或标记特征化，使节目的特征特征化)：
(1)  节目记录的质量；
(2)  要求记录的节目类型；
(3)  要求记录的最喜欢节目的题目；
(4)  要求记录节目的时间和日期；
(5)  附加给节目的回顾存在；
(6)  与节目有关的其他上下文特殊标记和/或媒体，如WWW页面指示器，游戏指示器和广告指示器；和
(7)  节目目录，如体育，音乐，和喜剧。
显然，并不意味着限于上面提到的媒介参数集合，它可以包括其他的参数。
显然进一步，媒介可以通过根据所观察到的用户的习惯了解用户的首选项，典型地确定媒介参数集合中参数的值。
最好，在记录节目之前，最好根据存储器55和65中剩余存储空间量，媒介确定记录节目的质量。另外，用户可以通过在遥控110上按键126选择记录质量。显然，确定记录质量的参数也可以最好包括路由参数，该参数给节目规定线路到选择的存储器55和65之一。
要被记录的表示节目类型的参数，要求记录最喜欢的节目的题目，要求记录节目的时间和日期，既可以由用户编程，也可以通过根据媒介了解的用户的观看习惯由媒介来确定。
最好，媒介操作之后存储的信息包括与当前参数集合有关的节目，当前参数集合包括没有被媒介参数集合改变的电视广播参数集合和媒介参数集合的组合。与当前参数集合有关的节目形成可寻址的节目，由用户寻址。
最好，用户可以根据当前参数集合的设定，从存储器55中查找至少部分可寻址节目。显然，在智能卡135的控制下，由存储器55中查找至少部分可寻址节目，智能卡135对至少在存储器55中存储的一些节目提供条件存取。由存储器55中查找的至少部分可寻址节目可以最好由用户通过遥控110来进行选择，如果智能卡135允许对选择的部分可寻址节目进行存取，该至少部分可寻址节目可以为用户显示在电视50上，或任何其他传统的显示器上。
最好，用户可以通过输入能够存取节目预定部分的用户参数集合，编辑至少部分可寻址节目。因此，用户可以浏览节目删除部分的节目和所有节目，标记和组合最喜欢的提示区，增加信息和表示节目特征的标记。显然，在编辑期间，用户参数集合与可寻址节目有关，以产生所编辑的可寻址节目。最好，一旦节目编辑结束，用户可以最好在存储器55中存储所编辑的可寻址节目。
显然，用户参数集合可以至少覆盖一部分电视广播参数集合，一部分媒介参数集合。例如，在编辑时，用户可以决定不记录伴随节目的部分补充信息，或改变终止时间。此外，用户也可以输入家长控制的附加标准，或消除某些由电视广播装置传送的家长控制标准。另外或此外，用户可以对电视节目的至少一部分规定家长控制，该部分要求家长控制，以便儿童可以观看由用户确定至少部分之外的电视节目。
最好，电视广播装置参数集合可以包括参数的子集合，该子集合不能由任何媒介参数集合和用户参数集合覆盖。显然，不能被覆盖的参数子集合中的参数可以包括，例如，节目类型，与节目有关并确定对节目进行条件存取的条件存取信息，在节目是商业商业广告片或节目是删除不允许的节目情况下的基本家长控制等级和“删除禁止”选项。进一步显然，电视广播装置可以确定不能被覆盖的参数子集合中的附加参数。
用户参数集合除了包括至少某些电视广播装置参数集合和媒介参数集合外，可以最好包括确定某些或全部下列信息(这些信息可以使节目和/或与节目有关的标记特征化，并使节目的特征特征化)的参数：
(1)  由用户提供的节目等级；
(2)  节目回顾-由可使用的回顾清单中选择，或由用户打印；
(3)  要求有关节目的附加信息，如与本地和/或远程本地的超媒体链接，不同多媒体形式的信息，E-mail，商业商业广告片，有关广告的信息；
(4)  在编辑操作之后的节目形式，如节目的混合部分，节目的记录部分，节目的删除部分；
(5)  优选的提示区，如足球比赛中的进球；
(6)  在存储之前压缩节目的压缩首选项；
(7)  图象处理；和
(8)  视频墙纸的选择。
显然，并不意味着限于上面提到的用户参数集合，可以包括附加参数。
进一步显然，可以由用户通过从可利用的等级参数清单输入等级参数，对节目等级进行编程。另外，用户可以操作遥控110上的功能键120，以输入节目等级。
最好，用户选择的节目回顾可以与节目有关，以便作为部分节目记录用户输入的回顾。另外，用户可以借助于由可利用的回顾清单选择的回顾查找节目。典型地，观看回顾之后，用户可以决定是否观看节目。
最好将对有关节目的附加信息的要求传送到头端器15，最好头端器15可以在收到要求之后的短时间传送附加信息。
另外，可以同节目一起传送有关节目的附加信息，并存储在存储器55中。当用户输入附加信息的要求时，可以从存储器55中查找附加信息，并显示在电视50上。
另外进一步，可以在用户输入附加信息要求之后的某些时间，为了传送来安排附加信息。在这样情况下，最好根据安排传送附加信息，而不是在用户要求就立即传送。显然，附加信息也可以在不同的频道传送，如回叫信号频道或E-mail频道。在附加信息包括WWW指示器的情况下这特别适合。
最好，在编辑之后节目的格式可以用来代替如存储器55装置中节目的原始格式。因此，在重新格式化之后，被编辑的可寻址节目可以比可寻址节目占据更小的容量。显然，用户可以重新对可寻址节目进行格式化，以便只存储优选的节目提示区，删除节目的其余部分。
在存储之前，可以采用压缩首选项，以存储前对节目采用不同的压缩程序。如果，例如，被传送的节目用传统的MPEG-2压缩程序进行压缩，用户可以决定用更高的压缩程序，如MPEG-4进行压缩节目。
最好，可以根据用户对节目视频图象执行的操作产生确定图象操作的参数。例如，电视广播装置可以在PIP模式中传送两个节目。在这样情况下，当用户只选择一个节目时，图象处理器160在电视50的整个屏幕上显示该节目。
显然，图象管理可以包括图象的旋转和移动，以及对图象的缩放。最好，使用传统的图象处理方法，在图象处理器160中执行图象管理。
可以采用确定视频墙纸选择的参数选择视频图象，或系列静止视频图象，选择音频频道用来伴音。例如，用户可以从视频图象库中选择日落图象，用通过音频频道提供的情歌伴音。
显然，可以在用户编程管理器155中处理用户的编辑操作和输入。最好，在观看分析模块165中分析用户对节目及节目等级的反应，该观看分析模块最好执行类似于传统的Nielsen盒中所执行的那些操作和功能。
显然，电视广播装置参数集合、媒介参数集合、用户参数集合至少之一可以最好包括至少一个确定节目查找参数的标记，可以通过选择标记查找节目。此外，驻留在节目中的信息，如图文电视和视频图象，可以用来根据节目可以被查找和被管理产生标记。
最好，可以产生确定节目查找参数的至少一个标记，当节目存储在外部可移动存储器65中时，至少一个标记与节目有关。在这样情况下，至少一个标记可以包括含有参考数字的标签，该参考数字可以用来管理外部存储装置库，并能使用户在外部存储装置中定位本地节目的位置。最好，当用户要观看外部存储装置存储的节目时，用户可以得到提示，插入具有适当标签的外部存储装置。显然，可以给存储器55中存储的节目作用类似的标记。
最好，用户可以用遥控110上的键124作为传统的“ENTER”键，来执行操作或“ENTER”键124操作之前的一系列操作。当对节目进行一系列编辑操作之后按键124时，输入了一系列编辑操作，以编辑的形式存储节目。
用户可以最好用遥控110上的键125作为“NEXT”按扭，以向前浏览任何一个存储器55和65中存储的节目。如果，例如，用户观看由存储器55查找的节目，按键125，处理器45最好存取节目的开始点，该点跟随存储器55中的节目。显然“NEXT”按扭可以用于根据选择的顺序或级别跟随节目。最好由至少下列之一确定选择的顺序和级别：用户；媒介；电视广播装置。
最好，“NEXT”键125可以包括多个“NEXT”按扭(没有表示)，其中每个“NEXT”按扭可以用于与级别联系。级别可以包括，例如，节目中故事的第一级别，节目中部分的第二级别，和相似类型节目的第三级别。
当用户通过按多个“NEXT”按扭中的一个按扭浏览故事的第一级别时，例如，用户可以从新闻节目中的第一个故事转到新闻节目中的第二个故事。
当用户通过按多个“NEXT”按扭中的另一个浏览部分的第二级别时，例如，用户可以从节目中有关政治的新闻部分转到节目中有关体育的新闻部分。
当用户通过按多个“NEXT”按扭的又一个浏览相似类型节目的第三级别时，例如，用户可以从第一个喜剧节目转到第二个戏剧节目。
显然，“NEXT”按扭也可以包括多个“PREVIOUS”按扭(没有表示)，每一个与多个“NEXT”按扭中的一个有关，每一个都执行向后浏览任何一个存储器55和65中存储的节目的操作。
另外或此外，“NEXT”按扭可以用来浏览通过EPG提供的节目目录。
显然，至少一些节目可以加密。在这样情况下，用户必须在智能卡阅读器140中插入智能卡135，以允许条件存取加密的节目和/或查找的条件存取。显然，最好用本领字段公知的方法之一执行通过智能卡135对加密节目的存取和/或查找加密节目。显然进一步，用清零格式传送的节目不需要智能卡135的存在，除非是加密之外的目的要求智能卡。
另外或此外，也可以要求用户提供认证，如通过智能卡135的方式，以允许对以清零格式播放的节目进行存取。在这样情况下，如果用户不提供适当的认证，或用户没有被授权观看以清零格式播放的节目，处理器45将产生表示用户没有权利存取该节目的警告，并在电视50上显示。
如果节目是商业商业广告片，它最好在商业广告片管理器150中进行处理。最好，商业广告片接收附加属性，这些属性可以用来控制商业广告片的分布和显示，以向广告商提供反馈。
此外，商业广告片可以接收避免跳过商业广告片没有看到该片的属性。另外，可以要求用户观看预定时间期间预定数量的商业广告片，商业广告片可以接收确定用户是否看商业广告片的属性，和用户已经看商业广告片的次数。
最好，由电视广播装置通过与除上面提到的电视广播参数集合联系外，与商业广告片参数集合联系，给商业广告片指定附加属性。
商业广告片参数集合可以最好确定下列附加信息和/或特别使商业广告片特征化的标记：
(1)观看商业广告片的时间和日期；
(2)预定数量的人已经看了商业广告片之后的终止；
(3)快进/快倒禁止；
(4)由商业广告片提供的产品附加信息；
(5)目标信息。
显然，并不限于上面提到的商业广告片参数集合，它可以包括其他参数。
最好，当观看商业广告片时，电视广播装置可以收费，用于根据时间和日期播放商业广告片。例如，如果用户在黄金时间观看商业广告片，电视广播装置可以受到商业广告片更高的收入。因此，观看商业广告片时间和日期可以与不同的收入率有关，其中电视广播装置受到的收入率随一天当中的时间和用户观看商业广告片的日期的不同而不同。
显然，最好在处理器45中分析有关观看商业广告片时间和日期的信息，并通过转换器100提供的上行链路或VSAT传送到头端器15。显然进一步，用户观看了预定时间的商业广告片之后，处理器45也可以删除商业广告片。
在预定数量的人已经观看了商业广告片之后确定终止的参数可以通过回叫信号频道被传送到电视广播装置，并由电视广播装置采用，以知道在接近实时的情况下观看商业广告片的人数，并在预定数量的人已经观看商业广告片之后删除商业广告片。电视广播装置也可以采用在预定数量的人观看商业广告片之后确定终止的参数，以提供商业广告片暴光的证据，相对于证据广告商有代表性地给电视广播装置付费。
最好，在播放商业广告片时可以采用禁止“快进/快倒”选择的参数，以避免用户观看电影并跳过商业广告片的情况，商业广告片最好与电影有关。当采用该参数时，处理器45阻止浏览，用户既可以看商业广告片，又可以转到另一个节目。
最好，在播放商业广告片时可以采用禁止“快进/快倒”选择的参数，直到用户已经在预定时间期间内(如一个星期)，观看了预定时间的商业广告片，或在预定时间期间观看了预定数量的商业广告片。显然，用户必须看商业广告片的预定时间可以随用户而改变。类似地，用户必须观看的预定数量达到商业广告片可以随用户的不同而改变。
显然，在用户只浏览可利用节目的模式中不能采用禁止快进/快倒选择的参数。
另外，如果用户在每预定的时间期间(如一个月)不观看预定数量的商业广告片，启动快进和快倒的操作，可以要求用户付更多的钱。
最好，在节目快进和快倒期间，即使节目是商业广告片，可以在电视50上显示整个商业广告片特殊准备有意义的缩减版本。最好，每个整个商业广告片缩减版本可以持续3秒钟，其他商业广告片的其他缩减版本可以紧随，直到快进/快倒结束。显然，整个商业广告片的缩减版本被特征化，被看成是全部的商业广告片。
最好，用户通过要求由商业广告片提供的产品的附加信息，可以对商业广告片做出反应。最好通过操作遥控110中的功能键122输入对附加信息的要求。
最好采用目标信息以确定用户可能的兴趣区字段或用户的概况。只有当商业广告片处于用户感兴趣的区字段内或与用户的概况一致时，才最好将商业广告片传送给用户。另外，总是传送商业广告片，但是只有当商业广告片处于用户感兴趣的区字段或与用户概况一致时，才进行存储商业广告片。显然目标标准可以存储在智能卡135中。
另外和此外，目标信息可以包括付费的要求，以便如果商业广告片作为收费广告服务提供，可以要求用户为观看商业广告片而付费，或为了观看具有或不具有商业广告片的视频付较少或较多的费用。如果商业广告片不作为收费服务提供，可以在非高峰时间播放商业广告片。
显然，商业广告片管理器150也可以包括统计管理器(没有表示)，该管理器可以提供统计信息，如用户观看商业广告片的次数，商业广告片管理器150可以根据统计信息显示商业广告片和删除商业广告片。最好，通过回叫信号频道可以将统计信息传送到头端器15。此外，可以向用户显示至少部分统计信息。
最好，可以采用商业广告片管理器，以控制包括单独定制的自定义广告的商业广告片目录。
现在参考图2，图2是图1A和1B装置10操作的优选方法简化流程图。
最好，电视广播装置将电视广播装置参数集合联系到节目中，并向多个用户播放该节目。显然，电视广播装置可以将不同的电视广播装置参数集合联系到不同的节目，每个节目可以接收单独的电视广播装置参数集合。每个电视广播装置参数集合最好能够存取每个不同节目的预定部分。
最好，在用户前提下在数字电视记录装置中接收节目。在该装置中，在包括节目连接的EPG上进行媒介。最好根据用户观看习惯使媒介个性化。
最好，媒介确定是否例如在存储器中记录节目，根据记录与节目联系，媒介参数集合能够对节目的预定部分进行存取。显然，最好同电视广播装置参数集合和媒介参数集合一同存储节目，因此通过EPG的可寻址的节目被寻址和存取。
最好，可以联系EPG采用媒介，以根据用户的心情或根据用户观看习惯的历史所编辑的首选项，提供用户节目用于观看。所提供的用于观看的节目可以包括广播节目和存储器中记录的节目。最好所提供的用于观看的节目也可以包括根据由至少媒介和用户之一确定的观看优先权安排的用户没有看到的节目。
显然，也可以采用媒介与EPG联系，以控制节目的记录和删除，并确定编程的记录和删除。编程的记录和删除可以包括已经观看的节目的记录/删除，当前显示节目的记录，安排在未来要播放节目的记录。显然，用户可以通过EPG观看所有记录节目的清单。最好，用户也可以根据不同的标准，如节目类型和标题，搜索记录节目清单。
最好，用户可以查找至少部分可寻址节目，并在电视上观看至少部分可寻址节目。然后，用户可以对可寻址节目进行编辑，这典型地由归因于能够对节目预定部分存取的用户参数集合的输入。最好在包括在装置中的处理器中接收用户参数集合，当用户按遥控上的“ENTER”键时，编辑可寻址节目，以产生包括能够对预定部分进行存取的用户参数集合的编辑可寻址节目。最好，编辑的可寻址节目代替存储器中存储的可寻址节目。
现在参考图3A和3B，图3A和3B一同构成了复制在图1A和1B装置中所记录的电视节目优选方法的简化流程图。
最好，用户可以由头端器选择观看电视节目广播，或存储器中存储的电视节目。
如果用户观看广播电视节目，用户可以在广播期间的任何时候通过按遥控上的定格键选择定格节目。在这样情况下，由用户按定格键的时刻开始在循环缓冲器(没有表示)中记录节目，该缓冲器可以包括在存储器中并用来克服定格延时。环形缓冲器最好被连续地载入和清空，以便当用户再次按定格键时，由缓冲器查找节目，该缓冲器由存储器循环载入，用户可以从节目定格的时刻观看节目。
在本发明的优选实施例中，可以单独实现定格节目的选择，不必与文中描述的本发明的其他特征结合。
如果用户观看存储的电视节目，用户可以在节目播放的任何时候编辑节目。最好，节目编辑可以包括部分节目的删除，部分节目的结合及节目重定序。此外，用户也可以将部分节目与其他节目结合，以产生新的节目。
最好，当用户通过采用遥控和其他适当的输入装置观看节目时，也可以执行至少下列操作之一：
(1)通过按遥控上的等级键或敲入等级输入等级；
(2)输入节目回顾或查找节目回顾；
(3)在PIP模式中接收收费节目；
(4)在PIP模式中转换到所播放的节目之一；
(5)通过按遥控上的“NEXT”键浏览所记录的节目和部分所记录的节目；
(6)由菜单或EPG选择节目；
(7)选择语言用于播放音频，即选择多个音频频道之一；
(8)通过按遥控上的一个键选择多个节目；
(9)改变家长控制标准，确定在密码条件下作为被封锁的节目部分；
(10)对媒介进行编程和/或规定特殊的记录数据，即同步或单独记录所经的频道，记录的数据和时间；
(11)保存节目的提示区，例如，通过按遥控上的“ENTER”键；
(12)选择用于存储节目的压缩格式；
(13)对用于当存储器全满时删除节目的终止时间进行编程；
(14)对电视屏幕上的图象进行操作，例如，对图象进行缩放；
(15)选择视频墙纸；和
(16)用选择的信息标记节目。
此外，如果节目是商业广告片，当通过采用遥控或其它适当的输入装置观看商业广告片时，用户也可以执行至少下列操作之一：
(1)通过按遥控上的键要求有关由商业广告片提供的产品或节目的附加信息；和
(2)改变目标广告信息的用户概况。
显然，为了清楚，在上下文中分别实施例所描述的本发明的不同特征也可以结合单个的实施例给出。相反，为了简明，在单个实施例上下文所描述的本发明的不同特征也可以分别或以任何适当的变形提供。
本领字段的技术人员将意识到，本发明并不限于上文中给出和描述的那些。只由下面的权利要求确定本发明的范围。

Claims (25)

1、一种广播系统，包括：
头端器，用于广播具有商业广告片的节目内容；和
在用户位置的多个接收机-译码器，每一个所述接收机-译码器接收正在广播的所述节目内容，并包括用于至少部分地根据过去对所述商业广告片的观看来处理所述商业广告片的商业广告片单元。
2、根据权利要求1的广播系统，其中，对于所述商业广告片的至少一个，所述接收机-译码器通过阻止用户跳过所述一个商业广告片来处理所述一个商业广告片。
3、根据权利要求1的广播系统，其中，对于所述商业广告片的至少一个，所述接收机-译码器通过响应于用户请求播出所述一个商业广告片的缩减版本来处理所述一个商业广告片，以便以快进或快倒模式观看所述节目内容。
4、一种与广播系统结合使用的接收机-译码器，该系统具有用于广播具有商业广告片的节目内容的头端器，和在用户位置的多个接收机-译码器，所述接收机-译码器包括：
用于接收正在广播的所述节目内容的接收机；和
用于至少部分地根据过去对所述商业广告片的观看来处理所述商业广告片的商业广告片单元。
5、根据权利要求4的接收机-译码器，其中所述的接收机-译码器至少部分地根据通过所述接收机-译码器观看所述商业广告片的历史来处理所述商业广告片。
6、根据权利要求4或5的接收机-译码器，其中所述接收机-译码器至少部分地根据由多个用户观看所述商业广告片的历史来处理所述商业广告片。
7、根据权利要求4-6中任意一项权利要求的接收机-译码器，其中所述接收机-译码器通过确定依据用户观看广告的条件处理所述商业广告片。
8、根据权利要求4-6中任意一项权利要求的接收机-译码器，其中所述接收机-译码器通过确定依据用户行动避免观看所述商业广告片的条件处理所述商业广告片。
9、根据权利要求4-6中任意一项权利要求的接收机-译码器，其中所述接收机-译码器通过确定依据与用户行动无关可以避免观看所述商业广告片的条件处理所述商业广告片。
10、根据权利要求4-6中任意一项权利要求的接收机-译码器，其中，对于所述商业广告片的至少一个，所述接收机-译码器通过阻止用户跳过所述一个商业广告片来处理所述一个商业广告片。
11、根据权利要求4-6中任意一项权利要求的接收机-译码器，其中，对于所述商业广告片的至少一个，所述接收机-译码器通过响应于用户请求播出所述一个商业广告片的缩减版本来处理所述一个商业广告片，以便以快进或快倒模式观看所述节目内容。
12、一种广播方法，包括：
提供一个头端器，用于广播具有商业广告片的节目内容；和
在用户位置的多个接收机-译码器之每一个接收机-译码器上接收正在广播的所述节目内容，并至少部分地根据过去对所述商业广告片的观看来处理所述商业广告片。
13、根据权利要求12的方法，其中，对于所述商业广告片的所述处理包括通过阻止用户跳过所述一个商业广告片来处理所述一个商业广告片。
14、根据权利要求12的方法，其中，对于所述商业广告片的所述处理包括通过响应于用户请求播出所述一个商业广告片的缩减版本，以便以快进或快倒模式观看所述节目内容。
15、一种与广播系统结合使用的方法，该系统具有用于广播具有商业广告片的节目内容的头端器，和在用户位置的多个接收机-译码器，所述方法包括：
在接收机-译码器上接收正在广播的所述节目内容；和
在所述接收机-译码器上至少部分地根据过去对所述商业广告片的观看，处理所述商业广告片。
16、根据权利要求15的方法，其中对所述商业广告片的所述处理至少部分地根据通过所述接收机-译码器观看所述商业广告片的历史。
17、根据权利要求15或16的方法，其中对所述商业广告片的所述处理至少部分地根据由多个用户观看所述商业广告片的历史。
18、根据权利要求15-17中任意一项权利要求的方法，其中对所述商业广告片的所述处理包括确定依据用户观看所述商业广告片的条件。
19、根据权利要求15-17中任意一项权利要求的方法，其中对所述商业广告片的所述处理包括确定依据用户行动避免观看所述商业广告片的条件。
20、根据权利要求15-17中任意一项权利要求的方法，其中对所述商业广告片的所述处理包括确定依据与用户行动无关可以避免观看所述商业广告片的条件。
21、根据权利要求15-17中任意一项权利要求的方法，其中，对于所述商业广告片的至少一个，对所述商业广告片的所述处理包括通过阻止用户跳过所述一个商业广告片来处理所述一个商业广告片。
22、根据权利要求15-17中任意一项权利要求的方法，其中，对于所述商业广告片的至少一个，对所述商业广告片的所述处理包括通过响应于用户请求播出所述一个商业广告片的缩减版本来处理所述一个商业广告片，以便以快进或快倒模式观看所述节目内容。
23、一种与广播系统结合使用的方法，该系统具有用于广播具有商业广告片的节目内容的头端器和多个用户位置，所述方法包括：
接收正在广播的所述节目内容；和
处理所述商业广告片；
其中，对于所述商业广告片的至少一个，对所述商业广告片的所述处理包括通过阻止用户跳过所述一个商业广告片来处理所述一个商业广告片。
24、一种与广播系统结合使用的方法，该系统具有用于广播具有商业广告片的节目内容的头端器和多个用户位置，所述方法包括：
接收正在广播的所述节目内容；和
处理所述商业广告片；
其中，对于所述商业广告片的至少一个，对所述商业广告片的所述处理包括通过响应于用户请求播出一个替换的商业广告片来处理所述一个商业广告片，以便以快进或快倒模式观看所述一个商业广告片。
25、根据权利要求24的方法，其中所述替换的商业广告片包括所述一个商业广告片的缩减版本。
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