CN1755501B

CN1755501B - Method and device for manipulating color in a display

Info

Publication number: CN1755501B
Application number: CN2005101058301A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 布莱恩·J·加利; 威廉·J·卡明斯
Original assignee: Qualcomm MEMS Technologies Inc
Current assignee: Qualcomm MEMS Technologies Inc
Priority date: 2004-09-27
Filing date: 2005-09-23
Publication date: 2011-08-03
Anticipated expiration: 2025-09-23
Also published as: CN101027595A; CN100492103C; CN1769956A; CN1755501A

Abstract

A method and device for manipulating color in a display is disclosed. In one embodiment, a display comprises interferometric display elements formed to have spectral responses that produce white light. In one embodiment, the produced white light is characterized by a standardized white point.

Description

Handle the method and apparatus of color in the display

Technical field

Technical field of the present invention relates to MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS).

Background technology

MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS) comprises micromechanical component, driver and electronic equipment.Micromechanical component can adopt deposition, etching or other several portions that can etch away substrate and/or institute's deposited material layer maybe can add several layers and make with the micromachined technology that forms electric and electromechanical assembly.One type MEMS device is called as interferometric modulator.Interferometric modulator can comprise the pair of conductive plate, wherein one or the two all can be completely or partially transparently and/or reflexive, and can when applying a suitable electric signal, make relative motion.One of them plate can comprise a quiescent layer that is deposited on the substrate, and another plate can comprise one and separate the metal film of described quiescent layer by an air gap.

Said apparatus is with a wide range of applications, and in this technology, utilizes and/or revises the characteristic of device of these types so that its characteristic can be used for improving existing product and makes still undeveloped at present new product will be rather useful.

Summary of the invention

System of the present invention, method and device respectively have many aspects, and arbitrary single aspect all can not determine its desired attribute separately.Now its more outstanding characteristic is made brief description, this not delimit the scope of the invention.Considering this argumentation, especially after having read the part that is entitled as " embodiment ", how people provides the advantage that is better than other display device if can understanding feature of the present invention.

One embodiment is a kind of display device.Described equipment comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators.Described a plurality of interferometric modulator comprises at least one interferometric modulator that is configured to export ruddiness, at least one interferometric modulator that is configured to export at least one interferometric modulator of green glow and is configured to export blue light.Described ruddiness, green glow and blue light have the white light of the described output of a standardization white point with generation.

One embodiment is a kind of display device.Described equipment comprises at least one display element, and described display element comprises one and is configured to be positioned and the reflecting surface of a partial reflection surface at a distance of a distance.Described at least one display element is selected to be the white light of feature to produce with a standardization white point.

Another embodiment is a kind of display device.Described equipment comprises a plurality of display elements, and each display element comprises one and is configured to be positioned and the reflecting surface of a partial reflection surface at a distance of a distance.It is the white light of feature with a standardization white point that described a plurality of display element is configured to output.

Another embodiment is a kind of method of making display.Described method comprises that formation is configured to export at least one display element of light.Forming display element comprises and forms that a partial reflection surface and one are configured to be positioned and the described partial reflection surface reflecting surface of a distance apart.At least one display element of described formation is so that be feature by the white light that described at least one display element produced with a standardization white point.

Another embodiment is a kind of method of making display.Described method comprises that formation is configured to export a plurality of display elements of light.Each of described a plurality of display elements comprise one be configured be positioned and partial reflection surface at a distance of the reflecting surface of a distance.Described formation display element is so that the white light that is produced by described a plurality of display elements is a feature with a standardization white point.

Another embodiment is a kind of display device.Described equipment comprises first member that is used for optionally reflecting the light with one first color.Described equipment further comprises second member that is used for optionally reflecting the light with one second color.Described equipment further comprises the 3rd member that is used for optionally reflecting the light with one the 3rd color.It is the white light of feature that the light that described first, second and the 3rd member are reflected mixes to produce with a standardization white point.

Another embodiment is a kind of display device.Described equipment comprises and is used for catoptrical member and is used for partly catoptrical member.Describedly be used for catoptrical member and describedly be used for partly catoptrical member and comprise the member that is used for light modulated.It is the white light of feature with a standardization white point that described optical modulation member is configured to the generation of interfere type ground.

Another embodiment is a kind of display device.Described equipment comprises and is used for catoptrical member and is used for partly catoptrical member.Describedly be used for catoptrical member and describedly be used for partly catoptrical member and comprise the member that is used to show.It is the white light of feature with a standardization white point that described display member is configured to output.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an isogonism view, it describes the part of an embodiment of an interferometric modulator display, wherein one of one first interferometric modulator removable reflection horizon is in an off-position, and the removable reflection horizon of one second interferometric modulator is in an excited target position.

Fig. 2 is a system block diagram, and an embodiment of the electronic installation of one 3 * 3 interferometric modulator displays is incorporated in its explanation one into.

Fig. 3 is the removable mirror position of an one exemplary embodiment of the interferometric modulator of Fig. 1 and the graph of a relation of the voltage that applies.

Fig. 4 is the explanation that can be used for driving the one group of row voltage and the column voltage of interferometric modulator display.

Exemplary frame of display data in 3 * 3 interferometric modulator displays of Fig. 5 A key diagram 2.

Fig. 5 B explanation can be used for the frame writing line signal of Fig. 5 A and an exemplary sequential chart of column signal.

Fig. 6 A is the cross-sectional view of the device of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 B is the cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of an interferometric modulator.

Fig. 6 C is the cross-sectional view of another alternate embodiment of an interferometric modulator.

Fig. 7 is the side cross-sectional view of explanation through the interferometric modulator of the light path of described modulator.

Fig. 8 comprises cyan and the yellow interferometric modulator figure with the spectral response of the embodiment that produces white light for one of explanation.

Fig. 9 has one and is used for an optionally side cross-sectional view of the interferometric modulator of the material layer of the light of a kind of special color of transmission for described.

Figure 10 comprises green interferometric modulator and " carmetta " colour filter figure with the spectral response of the embodiment that produces white light for one of explanation.

Figure 11 A and Figure 11 B are system block diagram, and its explanation comprises an embodiment of the visual display unit of a plurality of interferometric modulators.

Embodiment

Various embodiment comprise and comprise formation has the white light of selected spectral quality with generation the display of interfere type display element.Embodiment comprises that a kind of interferometric modulator that is configured to reflect cyan and sodium yellow by use produces the display of white light.Another embodiment comprises and a kind ofly produces the display of white light by the interferometric modulator that uses reflects green, described interferometric modulator by one optionally the light filter of transmission carmine light come reflects green.Embodiment comprises that also reflection is the display of the white light of feature with a normalized white point.The white point of this kind display may be different from the white point of the light of the described display that throws light on.

Below describe in detail at some specific embodiment of the present invention.Yet the present invention can implement by being permitted different ways.In this describes, will be referring to accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawings, similar parts use similar numeral from start to finish.As finding out easily from following description, the present invention can be established in and be configured to show in any device of an image, and no matter described image is dynamic (for example video) or static (for example rest image), and no matter be text or picture.More specifically, expection the present invention can be established in the following multiple electronic installation or with it and be associated, described device such as (but being not limited to): mobile phone, wireless device, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld computer or portable computer, gps receiver/omniselector, camera, the MP3 player, video camera (camcorder), game machine, wrist-watch, clock, counter, TV monitor, flat-panel monitor, computer monitor, automotive displays (for example, mileometer display etc.), driving cabin controller and/or display, the camera view display (for example, the rear view cameras display of vehicle), electronic photo, electronics billboard or label, projector, building structure, packing and aesthetic structures (for example, the image display of a jewelry).Having MEMS device with similar structure described herein also can be used in the non-display application such as electronic switching device.

Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment who contains the interferometric modulator display of an interfere type MEMS display element.In these devices, pixel is in bright state or dark state.Under bright (" opening " or " opening ") state, described display element reflects incident visible light greatly to the user.Be in dark (" pass " or " closing ") state following time, described display element does not almost have the incident visible light to reflect to the user.Decide on described embodiment, can put upside down the light reflectance properties of " opening " and " pass " state.Configurable MEMS pixel is with the selected color of main reflection, thereby the colour of permission outside white and black displays shows.

Fig. 1 is an isogonism view, and it describes two neighbors in a series of pixels of visual displays, and wherein each pixel comprises a MEMS interferometric modulator.In certain embodiments, an interferometric modulator display comprises a row/column array of being made up of these interferometric modulators.Each interferometric modulator comprises a pair of reflection horizon, and described reflection horizon apart one variable and controlled distance and locating is to form an optical resonator with at least one variable dimension.In one embodiment, in the described reflection horizon can move between the two positions.In primary importance (this paper is called release conditions), the reflection horizon of displaceable layers and partial fixing is at a distance of a relatively large distance location.In the second place, described displaceable layers is more closely located near described partially reflecting layer.Carry out energetically according to the position in removable reflection horizon or negatively interference from the incident light of described two-layer reflection, thereby produce at each pixel total reflection or non-reflective state.

Pel array among Fig. 1 comprised two adjacent

interferometric modulator

12a and 12b by the drawing section branch.In the interferometric modulator 12a in left side, removable high reflection layer 14a by explicit be in one with fixing partially reflecting layer 16a in the off-position of a preset distance.In the interferometric modulator 12b on right side, removable high reflection layer 14b is by in the explicit energized position that is near described fixing partially reflecting layer 16b.

Fixed bed 16a, 16b for conduction, partially transparent with partial reflection, and can (for example) make by one or more chromium and indium tin oxide are deposited upon on the transparent substrates 20.These layers are patterned into parallel band, and can form the column electrode in the display device as described further below.Described

displaceable layers

14a, 14b can be formed one or more depositing metal layers (vertical) that are deposited on post 18 tops and the series of parallel band that is deposited on the intervention expendable material between the post 18 with column electrode 16a, 16b.When etching away expendable material, deformable metal layers is separated with fixed metal layer by an air gap that defines 19.The material of high conduction and reflection (such as, aluminium) can be used as deformable layer, and these bands can form the row electrode in the display device.

Do not applying under the voltage condition, chamber 19 remains between a layer 14a, the 16a, and deformable layer is in the mechanical relaxation state, and is illustrated as the pixel 12a among Fig. 1.Yet,, will be recharged at the column electrode of the pixel of correspondence and the electric capacity that row electrode intersection forms, and electrostatic force is moved these electrodes together to when when a selected row and column applies a potential difference (PD).If voltage is enough high, illustrated as the pixel 12b on right side among Fig. 1, then displaceable layers distortion and being born against on described fixed bed (can at deposition one unaccounted dielectric material in this figure on the described fixed bed, to prevent short circuit and to control separating distance).Regardless of the polarity of the potential difference (PD) that is applied, operating condition (behavior) is all identical.In this way, the row/row of may command reflection-non-reflective pixel state are activated in many methods similar with LCD and other display technique of routine.

The exemplary processes and the system of an interferometric modulator array used in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 B explanation in display application.Fig. 2 is a system block diagram, and its explanation can be received an embodiment of the electronic installation that contains the some aspects of the present invention.In described one exemplary embodiment, described electronic installation comprises a processor 21, and it can be any general purpose single-chip or multicore sheet microprocessor, for example ARM, Pentium

, PentiumII

, Pentium III

, Pentium IV

, Pentium Pro, 8051, MIPS , Power PC

, ALPHA , or any special microprocessor, for example digital signal processor, microcontroller or programmable gate array.According to the convention in the affiliated field, processor 21 can be configured to carry out one or more software modules.Except that carrying out an operating system, also described processor can be configured to carry out one or more software applications, comprise web browser, telephony application, e-mail program or any other software application.

In one embodiment, processor 21 also can be configured to communicate with an array controller 22.In one embodiment, array control unit 22 comprises row driver circuits 24 and the column driver circuit 26 that signal is provided to pel array 30.The cross-sectional view of array illustrated in fig. 1 illustrates with line 1-1 in Fig. 2.For the MEMS interferometric modulator, OK/the row excitation protocol can utilize the hysteresis property of these devices illustrated in fig. 3.It may need the potential difference (PD) of (for example) 10 volts to make displaceable layers be deformed into actuated state from release conditions.Yet, when voltage when described value reduces, fall back below 10 volts along with voltage returns, displaceable layers keeps its state.In the one exemplary embodiment of Fig. 3, displaceable layers can not discharge fully, drops to below 2 volts up to voltage.Thereby have a voltage range, and be about 3 volts to 7 volts in example shown in Figure 3, wherein there is a window that applies voltage, in described window, device is stabilized in and discharges or actuated state.This is referred to herein as " lag windwo " or " stability window ".For display array, OK/the row excitation protocol can be designed to be expert at during the gating, make gating treat that actuated pixel is exposed under about 10 volts voltage difference in capable, and pixel that will be to be discharged is exposed near under 0 volt the voltage difference with Fig. 3 hysteresis property.After gating, it is poor that pixel is exposed to about 5 volts steady state voltage, makes its residing any state so that it remains in capable gating.After being written into, in this example, each pixel all experiences the potential difference (PD) in the 3-7 volt " stability window ".Described characteristic makes pixel design illustrated in fig. 1 be stabilized in an existing actuated state or release conditions under identical the voltage conditions that applies.Owing to no matter be in actuated state or release conditions, each pixel of interferometric modulator all is a capacitor that is formed by described fixed bed and mobile reflection horizon basically, so this steady state (SS) can be kept and almost inactivity consumption under the voltage in the lag windwo.If the current potential that is applied is fixed, there is not electric current to flow in the pixel so basically.

In the typical case uses, can be by determining that according to the actuated pixels that will organize in first row one group of row electrode forms a display frame.After this, horizontal pulse is put on the electrode of row 1, thereby encourage the pixel corresponding with determined alignment.After this, the row electrode with determine group changes over corresponding with the actuated pixels that will organize in second row.After this, pulse is put on the electrode of row 2, thereby come suitable pixel in the action line 2 according to determined row electrode.The pixel of row 1 is not subjected to the influence of the pulse of row 2, and remains under its state that impulse duration was set of 1 of being expert at.The property mode repeats this process to the row of whole series in order, to form described frame.Usually, repeating this process continuously by the speed with a certain required frame number/second to refresh and/or upgrade these frames with new video data.Also have a variety of row and column electrodes that are used to drive pel array also to be known, and can be used for the present invention by people with the agreement that forms display frame.

Fig. 4, Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B explanation are used for forming a possible excitation protocol of display frame on 3 * 3 arrays of Fig. 2.Fig. 4 explanation can be used for the one group of possible row and the voltage level of going of the pixel of those hysteresis curves that represent Fig. 3.In the embodiment of Fig. 4, encourage a pixel to comprise suitable row are set to-V _Bias, and suitable row is set to+Δ V, can correspond respectively to-5 volts and+5 volts.By suitable row are set to+V _BiasAnd suitable row is set to identical+Δ V, thereby produce the release that the zero volt potential difference (PD) of crossing over pixel realizes pixel.Remain in the row of zero volt at those row voltages, pixel is stable at its initial residing any state, and is to be in+V with described row _BiasStill-V _BiasIrrelevant.

Fig. 5 B is a series of sequential charts that are applied to the row and column signal of 3 * 3 arrays shown in Figure 2 of a demonstration, and it will form display illustrated among Fig. 5 A and arrange, and wherein actuated pixels is non-reflexive.Before the illustrated frame, pixel can be in any state in writing Fig. 5 A, and in this example, all row all are in 0 volt, and all row all be in+5 volts.Apply voltage by these, all pixels are stable at its existing actuated state or release conditions.

In the frame shown in Fig. 5 A, pixel (1,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,2) and (3,3) excited target.For realizing this, during be expert at 1 " line time (line time) ", row 1 and row 2 are set at-5 volts, and row 3 are set at+5 volts.This can not change the state of any pixel, because all pixels all remain in the stability window of 3-7 volt.After this, rise to 5 volts of pulses that roll back 0 volt then again down by one from 0 volt and come gating capable 1.This has encouraged pixel (1,1) and (1,2) and has discharged pixel (1,3).Other pixel in the array is all unaffected.By row 2 is set at the state of being wanted, row 2 is set at-5 volts, and row 1 and row 3 are set at+5 volts.After this, the identical strobe pulse that is applied to row 2 is with actuate pixel (2,2) and discharge pixel (2,1) and (2,3).Equally, other pixel in the array is all unaffected.Similarly, by row 2 and row 3 being set at-5 volts and row 1 are set at+5 volts and row 3 is set.The strobe pulse of row 3 is set at row 3 pixels as shown in Fig. 5 A.After writing incoming frame, the row current potential be 0, and the row current potential can remain on+5 or-5 volts, and after this demonstration will be stable at the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 A.Should be appreciated that, can adopt identical programs the array that constitutes by tens of or hundreds of row and columns.The timing, order and the level that should also be clear that the voltage that is used to carry out row energization and row excitation can alter a great deal in above-mentioned General Principle, and above-mentioned example only is exemplary, and any actuation voltage method all can be used for the present invention.

Detailed structure according to the interferometric modulator of above-mentioned principle operation can have a great difference.For example, Fig. 6 A is to three different embodiment of Fig. 6 C explanation moving lens structure.Fig. 6 A is the cross-sectional view of the embodiment of Fig. 1, and wherein metal material band 14 is deposited on the support member 18 of quadrature extension.In Fig. 6 B, removable reflecting material 14 only is attached to the corner place of support member, on tethers 32.In Fig. 6 C, removable reflecting material 14 hangs on the deformable layer 34.Present embodiment has advantage, because the structural design of reflecting material 14 and material therefor can be optimized aspect optical characteristics, and the structural design of deformable layer 34 and material therefor can be optimized aspect the want mechanical property.In addition, a dielectric materials layer 104 is formed on the described fixed bed.In many open files, describe the production of various types of interferometric device, comprised the open application case of (for example) No. 2004/0051929 U.S..Extensively multiple well-known technology can be in order to produce the structure that contains a series of material depositions, patterning and etching step described above.

Discuss referring to Fig. 1 as above, modulator 12 (that is,

modulator

12a and 12b) comprises an optical cavity that is formed between mirror 14 (that is,

mirror

14a and 14b) and the mirror 16 (being respectively mirror 16a and 16b).The characteristic distance of described optical cavity or light path effective length d have determined the resonance wavelength of optical cavity, thereby have determined the resonance wavelength of interferometric modulator 12.The consciousness look of the light that peak value resonance visible wavelength λ of interferometric modulator 12 is reflected with modulator 12 substantially is corresponding.On mathematics, described optical path length d equals 1/2N λ, and wherein N is an integer.Therefore a given resonance wavelength is interferometric modulator 12 reflections of 1/2 λ (N=1), λ (N=2), 3/2 λ (N=3) etc. by optical path length d.Integer N can be called as catoptrical order of interference.As used herein, the level of modulator 12 also refers to 12 catoptrical level N of modulator when mirror 14 is at least one position.For example, corresponding to a wavelength X that is approximately 650nm, the red interferometric modulator 12 of the first order can have an optical path length d who is approximately 325nm.Therefore, the red interferometric modulator 12 in the second level can have an optical path length d who is approximately 650nm.Usually, the modulator 12 with higher level is reflected in one of the wavelength more light on the close limit, for example, has higher " Q " value, thus the more saturated coloured light of generation.The effect of saturation degree of modulator 12 that comprises a kind of colour element is to the character of display, such as the colour gamut and the white point of display.For example, for making a display that uses second level modulator 12 have identical white point or the color balance of display with the first order modulator of the light that comprises a reflection same hue general effect (general color), second level modulator 12 can be through selection to have a different central peak optical wavelength.

Notice that in such as specific embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, optical path length d equals the distance between mirror 14 and 16 substantially.Wherein the space between mirror 14 and 16 only comprises refractive index near a kind of gas (for example air) of 1, so the light path effective length equals the distance between mirror 14 and 16 substantially.Other illustrated in such as Fig. 6 C embodiment comprises dielectric materials layer 104.The refractive index of this kind dielectric material is usually greater than 1.In these embodiment, form optical cavity to have desired optical path length d by distance between the selection mirror 14 and 16 and the thickness and the refractive index of dielectric layer 104 or any other layer between mirror 14 and 16.For example, in the illustrated embodiment of Fig. 6 c, optical cavity comprises the dielectric layer 104 except that air gap, and optical path length d equals d ₁n ₁+ d ₂n ₂, d wherein ₁Be the thickness of layer 1, n ₁Refractive index for layer 1; Similarly, d ₂Thickness and n for layer 2 ₂Refractive index for layer 2.

Usually, when observing modulator 12 from different perspectives, the color of the light that interferometric modulator 12 is reflected can change.Fig. 7 is the side cross-sectional view of explanation through the interferometric modulator 12 of the light path of modulator 12.Can change because of different incidents (and reflection) angle from the color of the light of interferometric modulator 12 reflection with respect to axis AA illustrated in fig. 7.For example, for the interferometric modulator shown in Fig. 7 12, because light is along (off-axis path) A from the axle path ₁Propagate, described light is incident on the interferometric modulator, gives an observer from interferometric modulator reflection and propagation with one first angle.When described light arrived the observer as the result of the optical interference between a pair of mirror in interferometric modulator 12, the observer perceived first color.When thereby the observer moved or changes his/her position and change viewing angle, the light that the observer received was along different from the axle path A corresponding to second incident that is different from first angle (with reflection) angle ₂Propagate.The optical path length d of the light that the optical interference in interferometric modulator 12 is depended in modulator to be propagated.So different light path A ₁And A ₂Different light path lengths from the different outputs of interferometric modulator 12 outputs.Along with the increase of viewing angle, the effective optical path of interferometric modulator wherein is viewing angle (normal of display and the angle between the incident light) according to concerning that 2d cos β=N λ reduces.Along with the increase of viewing angle, catoptrical peak value resonance wavelength reduces.Therefore according to his or her viewing angle and the fixed different color of perception of user.As previously discussed, this phenomenon is called " gamut ".Usually discern described gamut according to interferometric modulator 12 in a kind of color that the observer produces when axis AA observes.

Another Consideration in the design of the display of incorporating interferometric modulator 12 into is the generation of white light." in vain " light is often referred to the light that is not comprised special color by the human eye perception, and promptly white light and form and aspect are irrelevant.Black refers to lack color (or light), and white refers to comprise such wide spectral range so that do not have the perceived light of special color.White light can refer to have the light of intensity near a wide spectral range of uniform visible light.Yet, because human eye is to specific red, green and blue light wavelength sensitivity, so white can generate with the light (it is perceived as " white " by eyes) that generation has one or more spectrum peaks by the color mixture light intensity.In addition, the colour gamut of a display be described device can (for example) scope by mixture of red, the green and color that blue light is regenerated.

White point is the form and aspect that are considered to be roughly neutrality (grey or colourless) of a display.The white light that the feature of the white point of a display device can be produced by described device with by a black matrix between the spectral content of the light of launching under the specified temp (" blackbody radiation ") relatively for basic.A standard black matrix is an idealized object, and its absorption is incident on all light on the object and the described light of re-emissioning, and the spectrum of wherein said light is decided according to the temperature of black matrix.For example, the black matrix spectrum under 6,500 ° of K can be described as the white light that colour temperature is 6,500 ° of K.The colour temperature or the white point that are about 5,000 ° of-10,000 ° of K are daylight by approval usually.

International Commission on Illumination (CIE) has announced the standardization white point of light source.For example, the light source that is designated as " d " is light in a few days.Particularly, with 5,500 ° of K of colour temperature, 6,500 ° of K and 7,500 ° of standard white point D that K is associated ₅₅, D ₆₅, and D ₇₅Be standard daylight white point.

The white point of the white light that a kind of display device can a display be produced is a feature.Because light from other light source is arranged, human perception to display is at least in part by to the perception decision from the white light of display.For example, one has low white point (for example, display D55) or light source can be perceived by the observer as and have a yellow hue.One has the higher temperature white point (for example, display D75) can be perceived as by a user and have " colder " or than blue cast.The user is easier to the display with higher temperature white point is made reaction usually.Therefore, the white point of a display of control provides some control to the display reaction about the observer ideally.It is selected to meet the white light of a standard white point embodiment of interferometric modulator array 30 can be configured to produce its white point under one or more expection lighting condition.

White light can comprise that by making each pixel one or more interferometric modulators 12 produce by pel array 30.For example, in one embodiment, pel array 30 comprises the pixel of the group of redness, green and blue interferometric modulators 12.As discussed above, can concern that d=N λ selects the light path length d to select the color of interferometric modulator 12 by using.In addition, the balance of the color that produces by each pixel in the pel array 30 or the influence that relative scale can further be subjected to the relative reflector space of each interferometric modulator 12 (for example, red, green and blue interferometric modulators 12).In addition, because modulator 12 optionally reflects incident light, the white point of the light that reflects from the pel array 30 of interferometric modulator 12 depends on the spectral characteristic of incident light usually.In one embodiment, catoptrical white point can be configured to the white point that is different from incident light.For example, in one embodiment, pel array 30 is configured to reflect D75 light in the time of can being to use in the D65 daylight.

In one embodiment, select in the pel array 30 interferometric modulator 12 apart from d and zone so that the white light that pel array 30 is produced corresponding to a specific criteria white point under an expection lighting condition, described lighting condition as: in sunlight, under the fluorescence or form a location and penetrate light before with illumination images pixel array 30.For example, the white point of pel array 30 may be selected to be the D under the specific illumination condition ₅₅, D ₆₅, and D ₇₅In addition, compare with the light of a light source of expecting or having disposed, the light that pel array 30 is reflected can have a different white point.For example, a specific pixel array 30 can be configured to observed time reflection D75 light under D65 sunlight.More generally, the white point of a display can be selected according to a light source that disposes described display (for example, the preceding light of penetrating) or according to a certain observation condition.For example, in the time of a display can being configured under such as the expection of incandescent, fluorescence or lamp or typical illumination source, observe, has a selected white point (for example, D55, D65 or D75).More specifically say in the time of for example a display for the hand-held device use can being configured to observe, to have a selected white point under sunlight conditions.Perhaps, a display that uses for working environment can be configured to when handling official business fluorescent lighting by the typical case, have a selected white point (for example D75).

The optical path length of an embodiment of form 1 explanation.Particularly, form 1 explanation produces D at the modulator 12 that has the reflector space that equates substantially by use ₆₅And D ₇₅In two one exemplary embodiment of the pel array 30 of white light, the air gap of redness, green and blue interferometric modulators.Form 1 supposition one comprises two layer (Al of 100nm ₂O ₃SiO with 400nm ₂) dielectric layer.That form 1 is also supposed is red, green and blue interferometric modulators 12 each have the reflector space that equates substantially.Be understood by those skilled in the art that a scope that can obtain the air gap distance of equivalence by the thickness or the refractive index of change dielectric layer.

Form 1

Modulator color D65 white D75 white (blue partially)

Red 200 (nm) 195 (nm)

Green 125 (nm) 110 (nm)

Blue 310 (nm) 315 (nm)

Should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the different distance d that can select modulator 12 and zone are to be produced as other standardization white point that different environment of observation are provided with.In addition, also may command redness, green and blue modulator 12 further change the relative equilibrium of the red, green and blue light of reflection so that it is in reflection or non-reflective state at different time quantums, thereby change catoptrical white point.In one embodiment, can select the ratio of reflector space of each color modulation device 12 so that be controlled at white point in the different environment of observation.In one embodiment, can select optical path length d so that its corresponding to more than one visible resonance wavelength (for example, red, green and blue first, second or third level peak value) a common multiple so that make interferometric modulator 12 reflections with three white lights that peaks visible is a feature in its spectral effects.In this embodiment, select the light path length d so that the white light that is produced corresponding to a standardization white point.

The group of the redness in pel array 30, green and blue interferometric modulators 12, other embodiment comprises other method that generates white light.For example, an embodiment of pel array 30 comprises cyan and yellow interferometric modulator 12,, has the interferometric modulator 12 of spacing d to produce blue or green light and gold-tinted separately that is.The mixed spectra response of cyan and yellow interferometric modulator 12 produces the light with a wide spectral response that is perceived as " white ".Cyan and yellow modulator are closely located so that the such hybrid response of observer's perception.For example, in one embodiment, cyan modulator and yellow modulator are arranged in the adjacent lines of pel array 30.In another embodiment, cyan modulator and yellow modulator are arranged in the adjacent column of pel array 30.

Fig. 8 for one of explanation comprises blue or green and yellow interferometric modulator 12 with the figure of the spectral response of the embodiment of generation white light.Horizontal axis is represented catoptrical wavelength.Vertical axis represents to be incident on the relative reflectance (relative reflectance) of the light on the modulator 12.Trace 80 has illustrated the response of cyan modulator, and it is one to concentrate on cyan part unimodal of the spectrum between (for example) blueness and the green.Trace 82 has illustrated the response of yellow modulator, and it is one to concentrate on yl moiety unimodal of the spectrum between (for example) redness and the green.Trace 84 has illustrated the mixed spectra response of a pair of cyan and yellow modulator 12.Though trace 84 has two peaks in cyan and yellow wavelengths place, it is fully balanced so that the light that reflects from modulator 12 is perceived as white on visible spectrum.

In one embodiment, pel array 30 comprises the yellow interferometric modulator of a first order and a second level cyan interferometric modulator.When the off-axis angle that increases is gradually observed this pel array 30, the light that the yellow modulator of the first order is reflected is to the blue end skew of spectrum, and for example, the modulator at certain angle place has an effective d, and it equals the d of first order cyan.Simultaneously, the light shift that reflected of second level cyan modulator is with corresponding to the light from the yellow modulator of the first order.Therefore, along with the relevant peaks skew of spectrum, total mixed spectra responds very wide and relative equilibrium on visible spectrum.Therefore pel array 30 produces white light on a big relatively viewing angle scope.

In one embodiment, a display with cyan and yellow modulator can be configured to produce the white light with a selected standardization white point under one or more observation conditions.For example, can the selected lighting condition (such as the sunlight that is used to be adapted at the outdoor display that uses) that comprises D55, D65 or D75 light select down cyan modulator and yellow modulator spectral response so that reflected light have one for the white point of D55, D65, D75 or) any other suitable white point.In one embodiment, can with modulator configuration for reflection have one with light from the different white point of the incident light of an expectation or the observation condition selected.

Fig. 9 has one to be used for the optionally side cross-sectional view of the interferometric modulator 12 of the material layer 102 of the light of a kind of particular color of transmission.In an one exemplary embodiment, on the side relative that layer 102 is in substrate 20 with modulator 12.In one embodiment, material layer 102 comprises a carmetta light filter, wherein sees through the carmetta light filter and observes green interferometric modulator 12.In one embodiment, material layer 102 is a kind of coloring material.In this kind embodiment, described material is a kind of dyeing photoresist.In one embodiment, green interferometric modulator 12 is the green interferometric modulator of the first order.Filter layer 102 is configured to transmission carmine light when being thrown light on by a kind of ten minutes uniform white light.In an exemplary embodiment, light is incident on the layer 20, and filtered light is transmitted to modulator 12 from layer 20.Modulator 12 is worn back layer 102 with described filtered light reflection.In this embodiment, light passes layer 102 for twice.In this embodiment, can select the thickness of material layer 102 to compensate and to utilize this double filtration.In another embodiment, penetrate photo structure before can between layer 102 and modulator 12, locating one.In this embodiment, material layer 102 only works to the light that modulator 12 is reflected.In these embodiments, correspondingly select layer 102.

Figure 10 comprises the figure of spectral response of the embodiment of green interferometric modulator 12 and " carmetta " filter layer 102 for one of explanation.Horizontal axis is represented catoptrical wavelength.Vertical axis is illustrated in the light that is incident on green modulator 12 and the filter layer 102 relative spectral response for visible spectrum.The response of trace 110 explanation green modulator 12, it is the unimodal of a green portion that the concentrates on spectrum center of visible spectrum (for example, near).Trace 112 illustrates the response of the carmetta light filter that is formed by material layer 102.Trace 112 has the part of two relatively flats in the both sides of the u at center shape lowermost portion.Therefore trace 112 represents the response of a carmetta light filter, and described carmetta light filter is the nearly all ruddiness of transmission and blue light, the light of filtering simultaneously in the green portion of spectrum optionally.The mixed spectra response that trace 114 described green modulator 12 of explanation and filter layer are 102 pairs.Trace 114 explanations are owing to the filtration of 102 pairs of light of filter layer, and the spectral response of described composition is in a reflection levels that is lower than the spectral response of green modulator 12.Yet, spectral response on visible spectrum relative equilibrium so that from green modulator 12 and carmetta filter layer 102 filter, the light of reflection is perceived as white.

In one embodiment, a display with green modulator 12 and carmetta filter layer 102 can be configured to produce the white light with a selected standardization white point under one or more observation conditions.For example, the spectral response that can select the spectral response of green modulator 12 and carmetta filter layer 102 down at the selected lighting condition (such as the sunlight that is used to be adapted at the outdoor display that uses) that comprises D55, D65 or D75 light is so that reflected light has a white point as D55, D65, D75, or any other suitable white point.In one embodiment, can with modulator configuration for reflection have one with light from the different white point of the incident light of an expectation or the observation condition selected.

Figure 11 A and Figure 11 B are the system block diagram of an embodiment of explanation one display device 2040.Display device 2040 can be (for example) cellular phone or mobile phone.Yet the same components of display device 2040 or its slight variation also can illustrate various types of display device, for example TV or portable electronic device.

Display device 2040 comprises a shell 2041, a display 2030, an antenna 2043, a loudspeaker 2045, an input media 2048 and a microphone 2046.Shell 2041 comprises injection moulding and vacuum forming usually by any the making in the well-known many kinds of manufacturing process of those skilled in the art.In addition, shell 2041 can include, but is not limited to plastics, metal, glass, rubber and pottery or its combination by any the making in the many kinds of materials.In one embodiment, shell 2041 comprises the removable portion (not shown) that can have different colours with other or comprise the moveable part exchange of unlike signal, picture or symbol.

The display 2030 of exemplary display device 2040 can be any in the many kinds of displays, comprises bistable display as described herein.In other embodiments, well-known as the those skilled in the art, display 2030 comprises a flat-panel monitor, for example, and aforesaid plasma, EL, OLED, STN LCD or TFT LCD; Or non-tablet display, for example CRT or other tube arrangements.Yet as described herein, for the purpose of describing present embodiment, display 2030 comprises an interferometric modulator display.

The assembly of an embodiment of exemplary display device 2040 schematically is described in Figure 11 B.Illustrated exemplary display device 2040 comprises a shell 2041 and can comprise the additional assemblies that is at least partially enclosed within the shell 2041.For example, in one embodiment, exemplary display device 2040 comprises a network interface 2027, and described network interface 2027 comprises that one is couple to the antenna 2043 of a transceiver 2047.Transceiver 2047 is connected to and regulates the processor 2021 that hardware 2052 links to each other.Regulate hardware 2052 and can be configured to regulate a signal (for example signal being filtered).Regulate hardware 2052 and be connected to a loudspeaker 2045 and a microphone 2046.Processor 2021 also is connected to an input media 2048 and a driving governor 2029.Driving governor 2029 is couple to one frame buffer 2028 and array driver 2022, and array driver 2022 is couple to a display array 2030 again.One power supply 2050 is powered to all component by the designing requirement of described particular exemplary display device 2040.

Network interface 2027 comprises antenna 2043 and transceiver 2047, makes exemplary display device 2040 to communicate by letter with one or more devices by network.In one embodiment, network interface 2027 also can have some processing power, to reduce the requirement to processor 2021.Antenna 2043 transmits and receives any antenna of signal for known being used to of those skilled in the art.In one embodiment, described antenna transmits and receives the RF signal according to IEEE 802.11 standards (comprise IEEE 802.11 (a) and (b) or (g)).In another embodiment, described antenna is according to bluetooth (BLUETOOTH) standard emission and reception RF signal.If be a cellular phone, other known signal that then described antenna is designed to receive CDMA, GSM, AMPS or is used for communicating in a wireless cellular telephone network network.Transceiver 2047 pre-service make these signals to be received and further to be handled by processor 2021 from the signal that antenna 2043 receives.Transceiver 2047 is also handled the signal that receives from processor 2021, makes that they can be via antenna 2043 from exemplary display device 2040 emissions.

In an alternate embodiment, transceiver 2047 can be substituted by a receiver.In another alternate embodiment, network interface 2027 can be substituted by the image source that can store or produce the view data that is sent to processor 2021.For example, described image source can be the software module that hard disk drive or that a digital video disk (DVD) or comprises view data produces view data.

Processor 2021 is the overall operation of control exemplary display device 2040 usually.Processor 2021 receives data from network interface 2027 or an image source, Ya Suo view data for example, and described data processing become raw image data or a kind of form that is easy to be processed into raw image data.After this, processor 2021 sends to driving governor 2029 with the data of handling or frame buffer 2028 is stored.Raw data is often referred to the information of the characteristics of image of each position in sign one image.For example, these characteristics of image can comprise color, saturation degree and gray level.

In one embodiment, processor 2021 comprises a microprocessor, CPU or is used to control the logical block of the operation of exemplary display device 2040.Regulating hardware 2052 generally includes and is used for transmitting and from the amplifier and the wave filter of microphone 2046 received signals to loudspeaker 2045.Adjusting hardware 2052 can be the discrete component in the exemplary display device 2040, perhaps can incorporate in processor 2021 or other assembly.

Driving governor 2029 directly obtains the raw image data that produced by processor 2021 from processor 2021 or from frame buffer 2028, and with described raw image data reformatting suitably, with high-speed transfer to array driver 2022.Particularly, driving governor 2029 is reformatted as one with raw image data and has the data stream of a grating class form, makes it have one and is applicable to the chronological order that scans whole display array 2030.After this, driving governor 2029 sends to array driver 2022 with formative information.Although a driving governor 2029 (a for example lcd controller) usually as one independently integrated circuit (IC) be associated the construction in many ways of these controllers with system processor 2021.It can be used as in the hardware embedded processor 2021, as in the software embedded processor 2021 or together fully-integrated with example, in hardware and array driver 2022.

Usually, array driver 2022 receives formative information and video data is reformatted as one group of parallel waveform from driving governor 2029, and described parallel sets of waveforms many times is applied to from the hundreds of of the x-y picture element matrix of display and thousands of lead-in wires sometimes by per second.

In one embodiment, driving governor 2029, array driver 2022 and display array 2030 are applicable to the display of any kind as herein described.For example, in one embodiment, driving governor 2029 is a conventional display controller or a bistable state display controller (for example, an interferometric modulator controller).In another embodiment, array driver 2022 is a conventional driver or a bistable state display driver (for example a, interferometric modulator display).In one embodiment, a driving governor 2029 integrates with array driver 2022.This embodiment is very common in the integrated system of for example cellular phone, table and other small-area display equal altitudes.In another embodiment, display array 2030 is a typical display array or a bistable state display array (for example a, display that comprises an interferometric modulator array).

Input media 2048 allows the user to control the operation of exemplary display device 2040.In one embodiment, input media 2048 comprises a keypad (for example qwerty keyboard or telephone keypad), a button, a switch, a touch sensitive screen, a pressure-sensitive or thermosensitive film.In one embodiment, microphone 2046 is input medias of exemplary display device 2040.When using microphone 2046 when described device is imported data, can provide voice command to control the operation of exemplary display device 2040 by the user.

Well-known various energy storing devices in the field under power supply 2050 can comprise.For example, in one embodiment, power supply 2050 is rechargeable batteries, for example nickel-cadmium cell or lithium ion battery.In another embodiment, power supply 2050 is a regenerative resource, capacitor or solar cell, comprises plastic solar cell and solar cell coating.In another embodiment, power supply 2050 is configured to receive electric power from wall plug.

As indicated above, in some construction, the control programmability resides in the driving governor, and described driving governor can be arranged in several positions of electronic display system.In some cases, the control programmability resides in the array driver 2022.Be understood by those skilled in the art that hardware that can any amount and/or component software and come the above-mentioned optimization of construction with various configurations.

Although above embodiment has shown, has described and pointed out the novel characteristics of the present invention when being applied to various embodiment, but should be understood that the those skilled in the art can form and the details to illustrated device or process make various omissions, substitute or change under the situation that does not depart from spirit of the present invention.Should be appreciated that other characteristic is used or practice because some characteristic can be independent of, the present invention can be embodied in one and not provide in the form of all illustrated characteristics of this paper and advantage.Category of the present invention should be pointed out by the additional claims rather than the description of front.With the meaning of claims equivalence and scope in change and all will be contained within the category of claims.

Claims

1. display device, it comprises:

A plurality of interferometric modulators, described a plurality of interferometric modulators comprise:

Be configured to export at least one interferometric modulator of ruddiness;

Be configured to export at least one interferometric modulator of green glow; With

Be configured to export at least one interferometric modulator of blue light,

Wherein when being had the optical illumination of a different white, described ruddiness, described green glow and described blue light have the white light of a standardization white point with generation.

2. equipment according to claim 1, each of wherein said a plurality of interferometric modulators comprise a reflector space, and wherein said zone separately is through selecting to produce described white light with described standardization white point.

3. equipment according to claim 1, wherein said standardization white point is one of the standard white point D55, the D65 that are associated with 5,500 ° of K of colour temperature, 6,500 ° of K and 7,500 ° of K respectively and D75.

4. equipment according to claim 1, it further comprises a light source that is used for described a plurality of interferometric modulators, compares with the described white light with described standardization white point that is produced, and described light source has a different white point.

5. equipment according to claim 1, thus wherein said equipment is configured to regulate the white point that described a plurality of interferometric modulator is controlled the white light that is produced in the different visual environments.

6. equipment according to claim 5, in wherein said a plurality of interferometric modulator each comprises the zone that light is reflected, thereby and wherein said equipment be configured to regulate the white point of the ratio in the zone that is respectively applied for the described red, green and blue light of output based on the described white light that produces of described visual environment control.

7. equipment according to claim 5, wherein said equipment are configured to export the described red, green and blue light time when described interferometric modulator and regulate their time quantums separately, thereby control the white point of the described white light that produces based on described visual environment.

8. equipment according to claim 5, wherein said different visual environment comprise working environment and sunshine environment.

9. display device, it comprises:

A plurality of display elements, described display element comprise an interferometric modulator, and described interferometric modulator has one and is configured to be positioned and the reflecting surface of a partial reflection surface at a distance of a distance,

Wherein when being had the white-light illuminating of a different white, described a plurality of display elements are the white light of feature through selecting to produce with a standardization white point.

10. equipment according to claim 9, wherein said a plurality of display elements are configured to the adjustable white point of thinking the white light that different visual environment control is produced.

11. equipment according to claim 10, in wherein said a plurality of display element each comprises the zone that light is reflected, and the zone that wherein is respectively applied for output different colours light is adjustable with the white point based on the described white light that is produced of described visual environment control.

12. equipment according to claim 10, wherein when the light time of described display element modulation different colours, time quantum separately is adjustable, thereby controls the white point of the described white light that produces based on described visual environment.

13. equipment according to claim 10, wherein said different visual environment comprise working environment and sunshine environment.

14. equipment according to claim 9, wherein said a plurality of display elements further comprise a plurality of display elements with different spectrum outputs, the white light that it is feature that described a plurality of display elements produce with described standardization white point together.

15. equipment according to claim 9, wherein said a plurality of display element further comprises and has a plurality of display elements from its catoptrical zone, and the described zone separately of wherein said display element is through white light that to select to produce with described standardization white point be feature.

16. equipment according to claim 9, wherein said a plurality of display element comprises the display element that at least one is configured to export ruddiness, at least one is configured to export the display element of green glow and at least one is configured to export the display element of blue light.

17. equipment according to claim 9, wherein said a plurality of display elements are configured to export white light.

18. it is the described white light of feature at a distance of a distance to produce with described standardization white point that equipment according to claim 9, wherein said reflecting surface are positioned surperficial with described partial reflection.

19. equipment according to claim 9, wherein said standardization white point are the standard white point D55 that is associated with 5,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

20. equipment according to claim 9, wherein said standardization white point are the standard white point D65 that is associated with 6,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

21. equipment according to claim 9, wherein said standardization white point are the standard white point D75 that is associated with 7,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

22. equipment according to claim 9, it further comprises a light source that is used for described a plurality of display elements, compares with the described light of described display reflects, and described light source has a different white point.

23. equipment according to claim 9, it further comprises:

One with the processor of described a plurality of display element electric connections, described processor is configured to image data processing; With

One with the memory storage of described processor electric connection.

24. equipment according to claim 23, it further comprises a drive circuit, and it is configured to a plurality of signals are sent to described a plurality of display element.

25. equipment according to claim 24, it further comprises a controller, and it is configured at least a portion of described view data is sent to described drive circuit.

26. equipment according to claim 23, it further comprises an image source module, and it is configured to described image data transmission to described processor.

27. equipment according to claim 26, wherein said image source module comprises at least one in a receiver, transceiver and the transmitter.

28. equipment according to claim 23, it further comprises an input media, and it is configured to receive the input data and described input data transfer is arrived described processor.

29. a display device, it comprises:

A display element, described display element comprise an interferometric modulator, and described interferometric modulator has one and is configured to be positioned and the reflecting surface of a partial reflection surface at a distance of a distance,

A light filter that is associated with described display element, described light filter are configured to optionally some visible wavelength of transmission and other visible wavelength of filtering substantially when using white-light illuminating,

Wherein when being had the white-light illuminating of a different white, described display element is the white light of feature through selecting to produce with a standardization white point.

30. it is the described white light of feature at a distance of a distance to produce with described standardization white point that equipment according to claim 29, wherein said reflecting surface are positioned surperficial with described partial reflection.

31. equipment according to claim 29, wherein said standardization white point are the standard white point D55 that is associated with 5,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

32. equipment according to claim 29, wherein said standardization white point are the standard white point D65 that is associated with 6,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

33. equipment according to claim 29, wherein said standardization white point are the standard white point D75 that is associated with 7,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

34. equipment according to claim 29, it further comprises a light source that is used for described display element, compares with the described light of described display reflects, and described light source has a different white point.

35. a display device, it comprises:

Described modulator has an optical path length between described reflecting surface and described partial reflection surface, described optical path length is selected as a common multiple corresponding to a plurality of visible resonance wavelengths,

36. it is the described white light of feature at a distance of a distance to produce with described standardization white point that equipment according to claim 35, wherein said reflecting surface are positioned surperficial with described partial reflection.

37. equipment according to claim 35, wherein said standardization white point are the standard white point D55 that is associated with 5,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

38. equipment according to claim 35, wherein said standardization white point are the standard white point D65 that is associated with 6,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

39. equipment according to claim 35, wherein said standardization white point are the standard white point D75 that is associated with 7,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

40. equipment according to claim 35, it further comprises a light source that is used for described display element, compares with the described light of described display reflects, and described light source has a different white point.

41. equipment according to claim 35, wherein said a plurality of visible resonance wavelengths comprise a red resonance wavelength, a blue resonance wavelength and a green resonance wavelength.

42. a method of making a display, it comprises:

Formation is configured to export a plurality of display elements that comprise interferometric modulator of light, wherein form described display element comprise form that a part of reflecting surface and is configured to be positioned and described partial reflection surface at a distance of the reflecting surface of a distance,

Wherein when being had the white-light illuminating of a different white, form described a plurality of display element so that the white light that is produced by described display element is a feature with a standardization white point.

43. according to the described method of claim 42, wherein said display is configured to regulate the white point that described display element is thought the white light that different visual environment controls are produced.

44. according to the described method of claim 43, in the wherein said display element each comprises the zone that light is reflected, and wherein said display is configured to regulate the ratio in the zone that is respectively applied for reflection different colours light, thereby regulates the white point of the described white light that produces based on described visual environment.

45. according to the described method of claim 43, wherein said display is configured to regulate their time quantums separately when the light time of described display device reflection different colours, thereby controls the white point of the described white light that produces based on described visual environment.

46. according to the described method of claim 43, wherein said different visual environment comprise working environment and sunshine environment.

47. according to the described method of claim 42, it further comprises at least two display elements of formation, wherein form described at least two display elements and make it have and have separately distance from its catoptrical zone separately, described zone separately and described distance separately through selecting so that the white light that described at least two display elements generation is a feature with described standardization white point.

48. according to the described method of claim 42, wherein form a plurality of display elements comprise form at least one display element that is configured to export ruddiness, at least one is configured to export the display element of green glow and at least one is configured to export the display element of blue light.

49. according to the described method of claim 42, wherein said a plurality of display elements are configured to export white light.

50. according to the described method of claim 42, wherein compare, have a different white point by the described light of described display reflects with the light of the described display of illumination.

51. according to the described method of claim 42, wherein said standardization white point is the standard white point D55 that is associated with 5,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

52. according to the described method of claim 42, wherein said standardization white point is the standard white point D65 that is associated with 6,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

53. according to the described method of claim 42, wherein said standardization white point is the standard white point D75 that is associated with 7,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

54. a method of making a display, it comprises:

Formation is configured to export a display element that comprises an interferometric modulator of light, wherein form described display element comprise form that a part of reflecting surface and is configured to be positioned and described partial reflection surface at a distance of the reflecting surface of a distance,

Form a light filter that is associated with described display element, described light filter is configured to optionally some visible wavelength of transmission and other visible wavelength of filtering substantially when using white-light illuminating,

Wherein when being had the white-light illuminating of a different white, form described display element so that the white light that is produced by described display element is a feature with a standardization white point.

55. according to the described method of claim 54, wherein compare, have a different white point by the described light of described display reflects with the light of the described display of illumination.

56. according to the described method of claim 54, wherein said standardization white point is the standard white point D55 that is associated with 5,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

57. according to the described method of claim 54, wherein said standardization white point is the standard white point D65 that is associated with 6,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

58. according to the described method of claim 54, wherein said standardization white point is the standard white point D75 that is associated with 7,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

59. a method of making a display, it comprises:

Wherein said modulator has an optical path length between described reflecting surface and described partial reflection surface, described optical path length is selected as a common multiple corresponding to a plurality of visible resonance wavelengths,

Wherein when being had the white-light illuminating of a different white, form described display element so that the white light that is produced by described display element is a feature with described standardization white point.

60. according to the described method of claim 59, wherein compare, have a different white point by the described light of described display reflects with the light of the described display of illumination.

61. according to the described method of claim 59, wherein said standardization white point is the standard white point D55 that is associated with 5,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

62. according to the described method of claim 59, wherein said standardization white point is the standard white point D65 that is associated with 6,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

63. according to the described method of claim 59, wherein said standardization white point is the standard white point D75 that is associated with 7,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

64. according to the described equipment of claim 59, wherein said a plurality of visible resonance wavelengths comprise a red resonance wavelength, a blue resonance wavelength and a green resonance wavelength.

65. a display device, it comprises:

Be used for optionally reflecting first member of light with one first color;

Be used for optionally reflecting second member of light with one second color; With

Be used for optionally reflecting the 3rd member of light with one the 3rd color,

Wherein said catoptrical first member, second member and the 3rd member of being used for comprises first, second and the 3rd member that is used for interferometric modulation light respectively, and

Wherein when being had the white-light illuminating of a different white, it is the white light of feature that the described reflected light of described first, second and the 3rd reflecting member mixes to produce with a standardization white point.

66. according to the described equipment of claim 65, further comprise the member that is used to regulate described first, second and the 3rd member, the wherein said member that is used to regulate is configured to regulate described first, second and the 3rd member and thinks that different visual environments control the white point of the white light that is produced.

67. according to the described equipment of claim 66, in wherein said first, second and the 3rd member each comprises the zone that light is reflected, thereby and the wherein said member that is used to regulate be configured to regulate the white point of the ratio in the zone that is respectively applied for reflection described first, second and the 3rd color of light based on the described white light that produces of described visual environment control.

68. according to the described equipment of claim 66, the wherein said member that is used to regulate is configured and regulates their time quantums separately when described first, second and the 3rd member reflected light the time, thereby based on the white point of the described white light that produces of described visual environment control.

69. according to the described equipment of claim 66, wherein said different visual environments comprise working environment and sunshine environment.

70. according to the described equipment of claim 65, described first, second and the 3rd member that wherein are used to export light comprise a plurality of display elements, each of described display element comprise one be configured to be positioned and a part of reflecting surface at a distance of the reflecting surface of a distance.

71. according to the described equipment of claim 65, it further comprises the member that is used for some visible wavelength of selective transmission and other visible wavelength of cardinal principle filtering.

72. according to the described equipment of claim 65, the member of wherein said selective transmission comprises a light filter.

73. according to the described equipment of claim 65, wherein said standardization white point is the standard white point D55 that is associated with 5,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

74. according to the described equipment of claim 65, wherein said standardization white point is the standard white point D65 that is associated with 6,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

75. according to the described equipment of claim 65, wherein said standardization white point is the standard white point D75 that is associated with 7,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

76. according to the described equipment of claim 65, it further comprises illuminating member, compares with the described white light that the 3rd member produces with described first, second that is used for selective reflecting light, described illuminating member has a different white point.

77., wherein be used for optionally catoptrical described first and second members and comprise first and second pixels respectively according to the described equipment of claim 65.

78. according to the described equipment of arbitrary claim among claim 65, the 70-77, described first, second and the 3rd member that wherein is used to export light comprises first, second and the 3rd interferometric modulator respectively.

79. a display device, it comprises:

Be used for catoptrical member; With

The member that is used for partial reflection light,

Wherein said reflecting member and described partial reflection member comprise the member that is used to show an image, and described display member comprises an interferometric modulator, and

Wherein when being had the white-light illuminating of a different white, it is the white light of feature that described display member is configured to export with a standardization white point.

80. according to the described equipment of claim 79, comprise further being used to regulate described catoptrical member and the described member that is used for the member of partial reflection light of being used for that the wherein said member that is used to regulate is configured to regulate the described white point that catoptrical member and the described member that is used for partial reflection light are thought the white light of different visual environments control outputs that is used for.

81. 0 described equipment according to Claim 8, wherein said each that is used for catoptrical member and the described member that is used for partial reflection light comprises the zone that light is reflected, thereby and the wherein said member that is used to the regulate ratio that is configured to regulate the zone that is used to reflect different colours light control the white point of the white light of described output based on described visual environment.

82. 0 described equipment according to Claim 8, the wherein said member that is used to regulate is configured to describedly to be used for catoptrical member and the described light time that is used for the member reflection different colours of partial reflection light, regulate time quantum separately, thereby control the white point of the white light of described output based on described visual environment.

83. 0 described equipment according to Claim 8, wherein said different visual environment comprise working environment and sunshine environment.

84. according to the described equipment of claim 79, wherein said partial reflection member comprises a part of reflecting surface and described reflecting member comprises a reflecting surface.

85. according to the described equipment of claim 79, wherein said display member comprises a plurality of display elements.

86. 5 described equipment according to Claim 8, wherein said a plurality of display elements further comprise a plurality of display elements with different spectrum outputs, the white light that it is feature that described a plurality of display elements produce with described standardization white point together.

87. 5 described equipment according to Claim 8, wherein said a plurality of display element comprises at least one display element that is configured to export ruddiness, at least one is configured to export the display element of green glow and at least one is configured to export the display element of blue light, and wherein said ruddiness, described green glow and described blue light are to produce described white output.

88. 5 described equipment according to Claim 8, it further comprises and has a plurality of display elements from its catoptrical zone, and the described zone separately of wherein said display element is through white light that to select to produce with described standardization white point be feature.

89. 5 described equipment according to Claim 8, wherein said a plurality of display elements are configured to export white light.

90. 5 described equipment according to Claim 8, the white light that it is feature that wherein said a plurality of display elements are configured to export with described standardization white point.

91. 5 described equipment according to Claim 8, wherein said reflecting member be configured to be positioned with described partial reflection member be the described white light of feature at a distance of a distance to produce with described standardization white point.

92. according to the wherein said standardization white point of the described equipment of claim 79 is the standard white point D55 that is associated with 5,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

93. according to the wherein said standardization white point of the described equipment of claim 79 is the standard white point D65 that is associated with 6,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

94. according to the wherein said standardization white point of the described equipment of claim 79 is the standard white point D75 that is associated with 7,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

95. according to the described equipment of claim 79, it further comprises the member of be used to throw light on described reflecting member and described partial reflection member, described illuminating member output has the light of a white point different with the described light of described display reflects.

96. according to the described equipment of claim 95, wherein said illuminating member comprises a light source.

97. a display device, it comprises:

Be used for catoptrical member; With

The member that is used for partial reflection light,

The member that is used to filter, described optical filtering member are configured to be used for some visible wavelength of optionally transmission and other visible wavelength of cardinal principle filtering when using white-light illuminating,

Wherein said reflecting member and described partial reflection member comprise the member that is used to show an image, and described display member comprises interferometric modulator, and

98. according to the described equipment of claim 97, wherein said display member comprises a display element.

99. according to the described equipment of claim 97, it is the described white light of feature at a distance of a distance to produce with described standardization white point that wherein said reflecting surface is configured to be positioned surperficial with described partial reflection.

100. according to the wherein said standardization white point of the described equipment of claim 97 is the standard white point D55 that is associated with 5,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

101. according to the wherein said standardization white point of the described equipment of claim 97 is the standard white point D65 that is associated with 6,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

102. according to the wherein said standardization white point of the described equipment of claim 97 is the standard white point D75 that is associated with 7,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

103. according to the described equipment of claim 97, wherein said optical filtering member comprises at least one light filter.

104. according to the described equipment of claim 97, it further comprises the member of be used to throw light on described reflecting member and described partial reflection member, described illuminating member output has the light of a white point different with the described light of described display reflects.

105. according to the described equipment of claim 104, wherein said illuminating member comprises a light source.

106. a display device, it comprises:

Be used for catoptrical member; With

The member that is used for partial reflection light,

Wherein said reflecting member and described partial reflection member comprise the member that is used to show an image, and described display member comprises interferometric modulator,

Wherein said modulator has an optical path length between described reflecting surface and described partial reflection surface, described optical path length is selected as a common multiple corresponding to a plurality of visible resonance wavelengths, and

107. according to the described equipment of claim 106, wherein said display member comprises a display element.

108. according to the described equipment of claim 106, it is the described white light of feature at a distance of a distance to produce with described standardization white point that wherein said reflecting surface is configured to be positioned surperficial with described partial reflection.

109. according to the wherein said standardization white point of the described equipment of claim 106 is the standard white point D55 that is associated with 5,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

110. according to the wherein said standardization white point of the described equipment of claim 106 is the standard white point D65 that is associated with 6,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

111. according to the wherein said standardization white point of the described equipment of claim 106 is the standard white point D75 that is associated with 7,500 ° of K of colour temperature.

112. according to the described equipment of claim 106, it further comprises the member of be used to throw light on described reflecting member and described partial reflection member, described illuminating member output has the light of a white point different with the described light of described display reflects.

113. according to the described equipment of claim 112, wherein said illuminating member comprises a light source.

114. according to the described equipment of claim 106, wherein said a plurality of visible resonance wavelengths comprise a red resonance wavelength, a blue resonance wavelength and a green resonance wavelength.