CN1842298A - 心脏成像系统和计划手术的方法 - Google Patents

心脏成像系统和计划手术的方法 Download PDF

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CN1842298A
CN1842298A CNA2004800246082A CN200480024608A CN1842298A CN 1842298 A CN1842298 A CN 1842298A CN A2004800246082 A CNA2004800246082 A CN A2004800246082A CN 200480024608 A CN200480024608 A CN 200480024608A CN 1842298 A CN1842298 A CN 1842298A
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D·R·奥克伦德
J·斯拉
L·洛奈
M·瓦斯
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APN Health LLC
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Abstract

为患者计划微创直接冠状动脉旁路(MIDCAB)的方法(200)包括从医学成像系统获得采集数据,并产生冠状动脉以及一个或多个所关注的心腔的3D模型(130)。在3D模型(130)上标识一个或多个解剖标记,并将保存的3D模型(130)的视图登录到介入系统上。利用介入系统来显像一个或多个已登录的保存视图。

Description

心脏成像系统和计划手术的方法
有关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2003年7月1日提交的美国临时申请No.60/484,012的权益,其内容已作为参考全部包括在本文内。
发明背景
本发明公开的内容一般涉及心脏手术旁路系统,更具体地说,涉及心脏成像系统以及用于计划微创直接冠状动脉旁路手术(MIDCAB)的方法。
据美国心脏协会统计,仅在美国,每年要进行超过500,000例冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术。在冠状动脉疾病中,将血液输送到心肌中(即冠状动脉)的动脉被病灶阻塞,这种病灶是由脂肪累积而成的。在CABG手术中,要使血液在阻塞动脉附近绕行,以便改进到达心脏的血流和氧。将健康的血管(例如左内乳动脉)从胸壁上分离,然后用作旁路绕开阻塞的区域。或者,利用腿部的一段静脉也可作CABG。将血管/静脉的一端缝到主动脉上(离开心脏的大动脉),而另一端连接或”移植”到阻塞区域远端(或越过阻塞区域、或阻塞区域远侧的)的冠状动脉上。患者可同时作多条旁路。
利用心肺机的心肺旁路通常是在CABG过程中用来停止心脏的活动。虽然在许多情况下选择CABG作治疗(并且它是当今进行的最常见外科手术之一),但这种手术,以及在CABG手术中所需的心肺旁路技术会引起数种潜在的并发症。在新英格兰医学杂志发表的最新研究中,有53%的患者在作了CABG手术后出院时智力下降。除了住院时间长而且可能需要输血外,有1-4%的患者会发生切口部位的胸骨伤口感染,其导致的死亡率大约为25%。而且,CABG手术会导致多达8%的患者会发生肾功能不良。
由于上述与CABG关联的问题,在一些患者中已使用微创直接冠状动脉旁路(MIDCAB)手术作为另一种选择,其中MIDCAB手术过程不需要依赖心肺机。在MIDCAB手术中,在患者胸部作一个10-12cm的切入口,然后使用数种不同的仪器在手术时稳定心脏。外科医生随后将移植血管连接到患病的冠状动脉上,此时心脏不用人工支持一直在跳动。由于手术的性质,移植(血管连接)必需在外科医生的直视下进行,且要被旁路的冠状动脉必需直接位于切口(手术开口)之下。所以,这种手术目前仅在少量患者中,而且只是在已知仅有一条或两条动脉需要旁路时才使用。
虽然在需要作CABG的患者中估计有超过30%的患者适合于作MIDCAB手术,但由于这个不为人知的因素,目前所述过程仅在10%的患者中进行。所以,显然需要有改进的系统和方法使这种手术更为有效和更容易进行。
发明概述
先有技术的上述和其它缺点和不足可以用为患者计划微创直接冠状动脉旁路(MIDCAB)手术的方法加以克服或减轻。在示范性实施例中,所述方法包括从医学成像系统获得采集数据,并产生冠状动脉以及一个或多个所关注心腔的3D模型。识别3D模型上一个或多个解剖界标,并将保存的3D模型视图登录到介入系统上。利用介入系统来显像所述一个或多个已登录的保存视图。
在另一实施例中,为患者计划微创直接冠状动脉旁路手术(MIDCAB)的方法包括利用针对冠状动脉和左心室的协议从医学成像系统获得采集数据。利用3D协议将采集数据分段,以便显像冠状动脉和左心室。产生患者的冠状动脉和左心室的3D模型,并且识别3D模型上一个或多个解剖界标。将保存的3D模型视图登录到介入系统上,并利用介入系统来显像一个或多个已登录的保存视图。从3D模型上识别与冠状动脉和左心室关联的定向和任何异常。
在又一实施例中,为患者计划微创直接冠状动脉旁路手术(MIDCAB)的方法包括利用针对冠状动脉和左心室的协议从心脏计算机断层摄影(CT)成像系统获得采集数据。利用3D协议将采集数据分段,以便显像冠状动脉和左心室,包括冠状动脉的内部视图。产生患者的冠状动脉和左心室的3D模型,并且识别3D模型上一个或多个解剖界标。将保存的3D模型视图登录到X线透视系统上,并利用X线透视系统来显像一个或多个已登录的保存视图。从3D模型上识别与冠状动脉和左心室关联的定向和任何异常。
在又一实施例中,用于为患者计划微创直接冠状动脉旁路手术(MIDCAB)的系统包括:医学成像系统,用于产生采集数据;以及图像产生子系统,用于接收采集数据并产生患者的冠状动脉和左心室的一个或多个图像。操作员控制台配置成能识别一个或多个所述产生的图像上的一个或多个解剖界标,且工作站包括后处理软件,用于将保存的3D模型视图登录到介入系统上。介入系统配置成显像一个或多个登录的保存的视图、量化关注的心脏点的距离和位置信息并根据关注的心脏点的量化距离和位置信息识别MIDCAB的切口位置和路径。
附图简要说明
参阅示范性的附图,附图中类似元件的编号相同:
图1是按照本发明实施例的适用于计划微创直接冠状动脉旁路手术(MIDCAB)的医学成像系统,例如计算机断层摄影(CT)系统的示意图;
图2是按照本发明又一实施例的用于计划微创直接冠状动脉旁路手术(MIDCAB)的方法流程图;
图3是胸部和心脏的示范性CT图像,可以在该图像上测量用于MIDCAB计划的距离和角度;以及
图4是心脏CT图像,示出由于心肌梗塞而坏死的左心室(LV)。
发明的详细说明
本文公开的是心脏成像系统和计划微创直接冠状动脉旁路手术(MIDCAB)的方法,使医生(例如电生理学家,心脏病专家,外科医生)能在事先计划手术过程需采取的步骤。有了更详细的3D和导航(内部)视图,利用诸如CT、磁共振成像或超声等成像方式可以获得冠状动脉和左心室(LV)的几何表示。医生可以识别作为MIDCAB目标的冠状动脉中阻塞的定向、大小、异常以及程度。利用这种信息,可以采取更精确的MIDCAB步骤,可以在最适当的部位做切口,可以有更多的目标区域,而且同时可以有较小的切口。
虽然以下所示示范性实施例是就计算机断层摄影(CT)成像系统进行说明的,但应理解,关于计划MIDCAB,业界已知的其它成像系统(例如,磁共振、超声、3DX线透视检查)也可考虑。
现参阅图1,图中示出支持心脏成像的示范性计算机断层摄影(CT)系统100的总图。还应当理解,心脏CT系统100仅是作为举例示出,因为业界已知的其它成像系统(例如,磁共振、超声、3DX线透视检查)也可用于本发明的实施例中。系统100的扫描器部分102包括EKG监控器104,监控器104将R峰值点通过扫描器接口板108输出到扫描器106中。扫描器接口板108的适用实例是台架接口板,可用来将EKG系统连接到扫描器上。由扫描器部分102定义的心脏CT子系统利用EKG门控的采集或图像重构能力,在心脏舒张期以及多个收缩期和舒张早期作心脏(更具体的说是冠状动脉和左心室)无运动成像。
数据从扫描器部分102输出到子系统110,子系统110包括进行数据采集、数据控制和图像产生的软件。此外,从扫描器106输出的数据(包括R峰值时间戳)存储在采集数据库112中。采集是按照一个或多个采集协议进行的,这些采集协议已优化,用于在心脏舒张期和多个收缩期及舒张早期将心脏成像,具体地说,将冠状动脉和左心室成像。图像产生是通过以下步骤进行的:把一个或多个优化3D的协议用于CT图像数据集的自动图像分段,以便识别冠状动脉的定向、大小以及任何变异。3D协议还优化成产生冠状动脉的导航(内部)视图,以评估其中病灶的大小和程度。
图像数据流114被发送到操作员控制台116。在操作员控制台116中由软件用来检查处方和显像的数据以及来自图像数据流114的数据一起被存储在图像数据库118中。向检查处方和显像过程的操作员提供显示屏幕120。可以将图像数据归档、显示在胶片上或通过网络122发送到工作站124,供分析和审查,包括3D后处理。工作站124中所示的后处理软件包括一个或多个优化的3D协议和来自CT图像数据集自动图像分段的短轴协议,用于LV解剖、收缩期LV壁的活动(即LV收缩力)、心外膜脂肪位置、活组织位置、血管及其分支以及定向。
后处理软件的3D协议和短轴协议使软件能提供LV视图,包括血管、分支以及LV的慢动作电影(cine),特别是LV的后外侧壁或其它区域。这些特殊的视图和录像(电影)剪辑可以存储为3D再现心室文档126和LV短轴图像128,供医生用于介入计划和手术。后处理软件还提供胸壁和心室表面的详细3D模型130的输出。3D模型130(可以通过彩色编码、作轮廓、电影视图等实现)可以在与工作站124关联的显示屏132上观看,并且可以配置成包括在关注的标记处插入到容积中的几何标志,使胸壁和LV显像为半透明状,具有不透明的几何标记。
此外,3D模型130可以用数种格式中的任一种格式输出,包括但不限于:丝网几何模型、一组轮廓、二进制图像的分段容积以及使用放射疗法(RT)DICOM(医学中的数字成像和通信)标准的DICOM对象和类似对象。业界已知的其它格式也可用于存储和输出3D模型130。
现参阅图2,图中示出按照本发明又一实施例的用于MIDCAB计划的方法流程图200。在框202开始,使用最好对心脏的冠状动脉和LV区优化的协议在心脏CT系统上初步获取大量数据。从大量的患者数据中收集一连续序列的连贯图像,其中用较快的扫描器使扫描时间较短,以及使CT扫描与ECG(心电图)信号上的QRS(峰)同步,可减少像心脏这种跳动器官中的运动伪影(例如模糊、阴影、条纹)。用短采集时间收集大量数据的能力就可以重构具有更精确解剖界标表示的图像,使它们更易于理解。
在框204,使用为MIDCAB优化的3D协议和短轴协议,利用后处理软件将所述图像数据集分段。可以采用自动或半自动过程,适合即可,有或没有来自操作员的队列都可。此项工作可以在短轴重组的心脏图像上对每个相位和断层位置进行以获得移动轮廓,或在多相位、长轴重组的心脏图像上进行。
然后,如框206所示,使用3D表面和/或容积再现来显像冠状动脉和心室,以创建它们的3D模型,这些3D模型提供冠状动脉和心室的某些量化特性,例如轮廓、位置、定向、大小、冠状动脉和心室的尺寸,并且还提供心室创伤组织的功能和区域。如框208所示,识别作为MIDCAB的目标的冠状动脉中病灶的定向、大小和程度。使用这种方式,对血管的大小和轮廓以及病灶的大小和程度进行测量和确定,如框210所示。
例如,图3示出胸部和心脏以及它们之间空间关系的示范性CT图像。准确的距离和角度可以用3D测量,用于计划MIDCAB,此外,这种信息还可用来产生厚度图表或曲线以及3D几何显像,供快速分析之用。这种信息对于识别和隔离穿过胸壁的最佳通路有重要作用。
再参阅图2,方法200进到框212,即,识别胸壁、冠状动脉和心室上的解剖界标。在框214,将清晰的几何标志在关注的标记处插入到容积中,其中标志可以用3D表面和/或容积再现以透明方式显像以免使图像模糊。这种视图的实例示于图4,图中示出由于心肌梗塞而坏死的LV。将具体图像(例如Dicom图像,录像剪辑,胶片等)根据需要存储起来供以后在进行MIDCAB时参考。如图2的框216所示,存储的图像然后被输出并登录到介入系统的计算机工作站上。在登录的图像被输入之后,所述图像可以由医生在介入系统上观察,如框218所示。
除了登录标志外,介入系统的工作站还可配置成登录具体MIDCAB手术所用的仪器,如框220所示。最后,在框222,进行实际的MIDCAB手术。
应理解,通过使用可用的若干种计算机辅助检测、定位和显像等方法中的一种或多种,可以采用自动技术来进行上述任一步骤。这些步骤可以包括例如:缺陷的量化分析;局部收缩力轮廓(LV壁活动);以及用相同强度水平的连续性来识别血管。此外,当手术和关注的器官已确定时,这些方法可以或者是完全自动的或者是部分与用户的输入交互。
还应当理解,通过使用上述方法和系统实施例,MIDCAB的计划得以改进,即,所产生和登录的成像信息能使介入手术具有适当的定制步骤。选择了适当的步骤后,手术本身的持续时间可以缩短,而且还消除了任何不必要的手术过程。更具体地说,冠状动脉和LV的详细3D几何和轴向视图提高了MIDCAB手术的精确性。识别坏死心肌(如果有的话)使医生在进行手术之前能避开这些区域而预先确定切口的准确位置。
因此,上述计划过程减少了进行MIDCAB所需的时间。而且,识别适当的位置提高了治疗的功效并能降低并发症的风险。在手术完成之后,数据可以用CD-ROM、软盘、硬盘驱动器或用于此目的的任何其它介质等形式提交、读出和处理,和在采集或传输阶段一样。所以,计算机和介质也成为用于本发明目的的装置。
虽然已结合具体实施例对本发明作了说明,但是本专业的技术人员应理解,在不背离本发明范围的前提下可以进行各种改动,且其元件可用等效物替代。此外,在不背离本发明基本范围的前提下可以对本发明的内容进行许多修改动来适应特定的情况和材料。所以,本发明不应限于作为实现本发明所考虑的最佳模式而公开的具体实施例,而是本发明应包括属于所附权利要求书范围内的全部实施例。

Claims (27)

1.一种用于为患者计划微创直接冠状动脉旁路(MIDCAB)的方法(200),所述方法(200)包括:
从医学成像系统获得采集数据(202);
产生所述患者的冠状动脉以及一个或多个所关注的心腔的3D模型(130)(206);
在所述3D模型(130)上识别一个或多个解剖界标(208);
将所述3D模型(130)的保存视图登录到介入系统上(220);以及
用所述介入系统显像一个或多个所述登录的保存视图(222)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法(200),其中还包括从所述3D模型(130)识别所述冠状动脉和心室的定向、大小和尺寸(208)。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法(200),其中所述获得采集数据的步骤是利用针对成像冠状动脉和心室的协议实现的。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法(200),其中还包括利用后处理软件来处理所述采集数据,以便产生所述冠状动脉和心室的内部视图。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法(200),其中所述3D模型(130)和所述内部视图是通过与所述介入系统关联的显示屏幕(120,132)来显像的。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法(200),其中还包括在所述介入系统上登录MIDCAB仪器(220)。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法(200),其中还包括测量需要MIDCAB的所述冠状动脉中病灶的大小、程度和数量。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法(200),其中对所述获得采集数据的步骤实行EKG门控(202)。
9.一种用于为患者计划微创直接冠状动脉旁路(MIDCAB)的方法(200),所述方法(200)包括:
利用针对冠状动脉和左心室的协议从医学成像系统获得采集数据(202);
利用3D协议将所述采集数据分段,以便显像所述冠状动脉和左心室(204);
产生所述患者的冠状动脉和左心室的3D模型(130)(206);
识别所述3D模型(130)上的一个或多个解剖界标(208);
将保存的所述3D模型(130)的视图登录到介入系统上(220);
利用所述介入系统显像一个或多个所述登录的保存的视图;以及
从所述3D模型(130)识别与所述冠状动脉和所述左心室关联的定向和任何异常。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法(200),其中还包括利用后处理软件来处理所述采集数据,以便产生所述冠状动脉和心室的内部视图(206)。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法(200),其中通过与所述介入系统关联的显示屏幕(120,132)来显像所述3D模型(130)和所述内部视图。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法(200),其中对所述获得采集数据实行EKG门控。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法(200),其中还包括在所述介入系统上登录MIDCAB仪器。
14.如权利要求9所述的方法(200),其中还包括测量需要MIDCAB的所述冠状动脉中病灶的大小、程度和数量。
15.如权利要求9所述的方法(200),其中所述医学成像系统是计算机断层摄影系统(100)、磁共振成像系统和超声系统中的一种。
16.一种用于为患者计划微创直接冠状动脉旁路(MIDCAB)的方法(200),所述方法(200)包括:
利用针对冠状动脉和左心室的协议从心脏计算机断层摄影(CT)系统获得采集数据(202);
利用3D协议将所述采集数据分段,以便显像所述冠状动脉和左心室(204);
产生所述患者的冠状动脉和左心室的3D模型(130)(206);
识别所述3D模型(130)上的一个或多个解剖界标(208);
将所述3D模型(130)的保存视图登录到X线透视系统上(220);
利用所述X线透视系统显像一个或多个所述登录的保存视图;以及
从所述3D模型(130)识别与所述冠状动脉和所述左心室关联的定向和任何异常。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法(200),其中还包括利用后处理软件来处理所述采集数据,以便产生所述冠状动脉和心室的内部视图。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法(200),其中通过与所述X线透视系统关联的显示屏幕(120,132)来显像所述3D模型(130)和所述浸入式视图。
19.如权利要求16所述的方法(200),其中对所述获得采集数据实行EKG门控。
20.如权利要求16所述的方法(200),其中还包括在所述介入系统上登录MIDCAB仪器。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法(200),其中还包括测量需要MIDCAB的所述冠状动脉中病灶的大小、程度和数量。
22.一种用于为患者计划微创直接冠状动脉旁路(MIDCAB)的系统,所述系统包括:
医学成像系统,用于产生采集数据;
图像产生子系统(110),用于接收所述采集数据并产生所述患者的冠状动脉和左心室的一个或多个图像;
操作员控制台(116),用于识别所述一个或多个图像上的一个或多个解剖界标;
工作站(124),它包括后处理软件,用于将保存的所述3D模型(130)的视图登录到介入系统上;以及
其中所述介入系统配置成利用该介入系统来显像一个或多个所述登录的保存的视图、量化关注的心脏点的距离和位置信息和根据所述关注的心脏点的所述量化距离和位置信息识别MIDCAB的切口位置和路径。
23.如权利要求22所述的系统,其中利用针对将冠状动脉和左心室成像的协议构造所述图像产生子系统(110)。
24.如权利要求23所述的系统,其中所述后处理软件还配置成处理所述采集数据,以便产生所述冠状动脉和心室的内部视图。
25.如权利要求24所述的系统,其中还包括与所述介入系统关联的显示屏幕(120,132),所述显示屏幕(120,132)用于显像所述3D模型(130)和所述内部视图。
26.如权利要求22所述的系统,其中所述介入系统配置成利用该介入系统来登录MIDCAB仪器。
27.如权利要求22所述的系统,其中对所述图像产生子系统(110)实行EKG门控。
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