CN1883179A - 用于增强型因特网电话技术的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于增强型因特网电话技术的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1883179A
CN1883179A CNA2004800340173A CN200480034017A CN1883179A CN 1883179 A CN1883179 A CN 1883179A CN A2004800340173 A CNA2004800340173 A CN A2004800340173A CN 200480034017 A CN200480034017 A CN 200480034017A CN 1883179 A CN1883179 A CN 1883179A
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intermediate point
router
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CN1883179B (zh
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路易斯·霍尔德
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Vonag Networks Ltd
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Vonage Holdings Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/102—Gateways
    • H04L65/1023—Media gateways
    • H04L65/1026—Media gateways at the edge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/09—Mapping addresses
    • H04L61/25—Mapping addresses of the same type
    • H04L61/2503—Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses
    • H04L61/255—Maintenance or indexing of mapping tables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/09—Mapping addresses
    • H04L61/25—Mapping addresses of the same type
    • H04L61/2503—Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses
    • H04L61/256—NAT traversal
    • H04L61/2564—NAT traversal for a higher-layer protocol, e.g. for session initiation protocol [SIP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/1066—Session management
    • H04L65/1069—Session establishment or de-establishment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/1066—Session management
    • H04L65/1101—Session protocols
    • H04L65/1104—Session initiation protocol [SIP]

Abstract

一种用于增强型因特网电话技术的方法和装置确保源和目的地之间的通信不会被通用的网络地址转换所中断。根据本发明的一个方面，通信通过使用网络地址转换的路由器而继续。这样继续的通信防止路由器关闭源的出站端口。

Description

用于增强型因特网电话技术的方法和装置
背景技术
今天，经由电缆或DSL调制解调器来提供最普通的住宅宽带部置。这样的宽带部置典型地向客户提供单个以太网端口，其给单个计算机设备授予一个公共IP地址。给定这种情形，客户被限于仅使用一台计算机，且如果他们想要在多于一个客户计算机设备之间共享宽带连接来访问例如因特网的话就必须购买路由器。
为了传输媒体和电话信令，客户通常使用在他们的源设备(例如计算机或电话)和他们的宽带连接之间耦合的多媒体终端适配器(MTA)。常用的多媒体终端适配器的一个示例是由San JoseCalifornia的Cisco Systems，Inc.制造的Cisco ATA 186模拟到电话适配器(ATA)。在因特网电话技术(telephony)的情形中，媒体终端适配器运行作为对于以太网适配器的手持机(handset)，其把传统的电话模拟信号转换为因特网包。接着在路由上例如使用标准协议(诸如会话启动协议(SIP))把包发送到它们的目的地。
图1是示例性用户因特网电话技术环境的示意图。在图1中，电缆调制解调器10提供对因特网20的访问。在图1的示例中，用户使用中间通信点(例如路由器30)给多个设备提供对因特网20的访问。路由器30给媒体终端适配器40和计算机50分配相应的专用动态IP地址。如图1的例子所示，媒体终端适配器40耦合于普通的电话手持机60。媒体终端适配器40从手持机60接收信号，创建包，并把数据包发送到路由器30，路由器30随后把数据包发送到电缆调制解调器10并最终发送到因特网20。
上述典型环境的主要缺陷是难以适应典型地由路由器30所实现的网络地址转换(NAT)。众所周知，运行在路由器30上的动态主机计算机协议服务器将专用动态IP地址分配给媒体终端适配器40和计算机50；由此实现网络地址转换(NAT)。当用户希望启动呼叫并启用电话手持机60时，手持机把信号发送到媒体终端适配器40。接着，媒体终端适配器40开始与因特网电话服务提供商的通信/注册过程。媒体终端适配器40和因特网电话服务提供商的服务器之间的通信使用标准协议，诸如会话启动协议。但是，路由器30在定时的基础上执行网络地址转换。众所周知，在家庭环境中使用的典型路由器给连接于路由器的设备分配专用IP地址。但是，这些地址仅在有限时间内有效。因此，在超过有限时间之后，专用地址不再被分配到给定设备，诸如媒体终端适配器40。结果，从因特网电话服务提供商的服务器发送的SIP消息不会被路由器30传递到媒体终端适配器40。因此，媒体终端适配器40可以发送SIP消息，但是无法从因特网电话服务提供商的服务器接收包，因为路由器30失去了初始出站(outbound)端口并使得对位于路由器后的MTA的通信成为不可能的。
图2是对路由器30在因特网电话连接期间失去出站端口的问题进行处理的示例性环境的示意图。在图2的示例中，在因特网电话服务提供商处，目的地(例如预代理服务器70)从路由器30接收消息。预代理服务器70在例如SIP注册过程期间记录媒体终端适配器40的专用IP地址。它还记录由路由器30分配给媒体终端适配器40的网络地址转换通信端口，媒体终端适配器40将向所述端口发送消息并从所述端口接收消息(诸如SIP消息)。在注册时，媒体终端适配器40传递用于与预代理服务器70通信的字段。可被传递的字段的示例例如包括媒体终端适配器40的专用IP地址、路由器30的公共IP地址以及端口信息。在预代理服务器70从媒体终端适配器40接收信息之后，预代理服务器70周期性地例如把空的UDP消息发送到媒体终端适配器40，媒体终端适配器40包含与典型的SIP消息所具有的相同的目的地和源地址。其它消息可被用来代替UDP消息。所使用的消息应该促使媒体终端适配器40发送响应到预代理服务器70。预代理服务器70例如使用路由器30的公共IP地址和来自路由器30的消息中接收的端口信息把UDP消息发送到路由器30。预代理服务器70例如在路由器30维持被分配给媒体终端适配器的专用地址的有限时间内发送UDP。路由器30相应地把消息路由到在来自预代理服务器70的消息中指定的目的地。预代理服务器70还维持MTA的专用和公共IP地址，并基于此信息重写实际SIP消息中的报头。
上述解决方案是有效的，但是它没有解决所有路由器的网络地址转换问题。例如，如果在某些路由器的网络地址转换之后的设备发送出站消息，则这些路由器将关闭出站端口。因此，需要对于因特网电话技术中的网络地址转换问题的解决方案，其中路由器执行所述网络地址转换作为其预期操作的一部分。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种避免上述缺陷的用于增强型因特网电话技术的方法和装置。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种用于允许使用会话启动协议技术的用于增强型因特网电话技术的方法和装置。
本发明的再一目的是提供一种用于允许在使用网络地址转换的环境中使用会话启动协议技术的用于增强型因特网电话技术的方法和装置。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种允许通过使用网络地址转换的路由器来使用会话启动协议技术的用于增强型因特网电话技术的方法和装置。
为达到上述和其它目的，本发明提供了一种用于提供增强型因特网电话技术的方法，所述方法包括：在中间点从源接收消息；在因特网上把消息的至少一部分从中间点发送到目的地；在因特网上把对消息的响应从目的地发送到中间点；把响应从中间点发送到源；在因特网上重复地把其它消息从目的地发送到中间点；把其它消息中的相应消息的至少一部分从中间点发送到源；以及把对其它消息的所述部分的响应从源发送到中间点。
附图说明
图1是示例性用户因特网电话技术环境的示意图；
图2是用于对路由器在因特网电话连接期间失去出站端口的问题进行处理的示例性环境的示意图；
图3是使用本发明的示例性环境的示意图。
具体实施方式
图3是使用本发明的示例性环境的示意图。在图3中，用户使用电话手持机60启动呼叫。如上所述，媒体终端适配器40实现在它本身和因特网电话技术区域数据中心80之间的标准信令。一旦用户已经注册并且目的地已提供由媒体终端适配器40发送的SIP邀请的SIP确认，则呼叫者60和目的地区域100中的客户之间的通信通过使用例如呼叫者和目的地区域100中的客户之间的实时传输协议(RTP)，经由因特网20以及例如目的地区域100中的因特网电话技术存在点(point-of-presence)110中的RTP中继90而进行。
不过，对于通过如上所述的方式而建立的呼叫来说，路由器30可在超时时间段之后关闭出站端口。结果，来自目的地区域110中的客户的声音数据将不会到达路由器30之后的电话手持机60。为避免路由器30超时和关闭出站端口，本发明使得媒体终端适配器40发送出站消息到因特网电话技术区域数据中心80。实现这的一种方式是令预代理服务器75周期性地发送空的SIP通知消息到媒体终端适配器40。媒体终端适配器40根据SIP标准例如通过发送确认消息而响应此通知消息。媒体终端适配器40对消息的发送使得路由器30例如通过重新开始路由器的超时时间段而保持出站端口开启。
参考图3中所示的示例性实施例，因特网电话技术区域数据中心80具有与RTP中继85分离的预代理服务器75。尽管此分离对本发明来说不是必需的，但在某些环境中这允许把额外功能更容易地添加到预代理服务器75。所述额外功能的示例是动态分配RTP中继85的分配。预代理服务器75可分配两个呼叫方之间最接近的RTP中继。该分配能够减少RTP流的传播时间和等待时间。同样如图3中所示，通过示例性实施例，仅SIP消息被路由到因特网电话技术区域数据中心80。RTP流不需要传播到数据中心，并且根据呼叫者和目的地区域100的位置，RTP流可在有限的地理区域内传播。例如，电话手持机可位于California，而因特网电话技术区域数据中心80可位于NewJersey。如果目的地区域100也在California，则目的地区域中的因特网电话技术存在点90将同样由预代理服务器75分配为也在California。因此，如上所述，RTP流将留在California；这有助于减小RTP流的传播时间和等待时间。
在上文中，预代理服务器75作为分离的计算机而被示出和讨论。这是为了讨论的方便，而出于实施本发明的目的，它无需是分离的。作为代替，典型地将被实现在预代理服务器中的所讨论功能也可以被实现在同样作为服务器运行的计算机中。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于提供增强型因特网电话技术的方法，包括：
(a)在中间点从源接收消息；
(b)在因特网上把消息的至少一部分从中间点发送到目的地；
(c)在因特网上把对消息的响应从目的地发送到中间点；
(d)把响应从中间点发送到源；
(e)在因特网上重复地把其它消息从目的地发送到中间点；
(f)把其它消息中的相应消息的至少一部分从中间点发送到源；以及
(g)把对其它消息的所述部分的响应从源发送到中间点。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述步骤(a)包括在路由器处接收消息，所述路由器包括至少一个具有超时时间段的端口。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述步骤(e)包括在超时时间段内发送所述消息中的至少一个。
4.一种增强型因特网电话技术系统，包括：
消息源；
中间点，被耦合以从所述源接收消息并把消息的至少一部分发送到因特网；
目的地，被耦合以从中间点接收消息，在因特网上把对消息的响应发送到中间点，以及在因特网上重复地把其它消息发送到中间点；
其中所述消息源耦合于所述中间点，以便发送对其它消息的响应。
5.如权利要求4所述的增强型因特网电话技术系统，其中所述中间点包括路由器，所述路由器包括至少一个具有超时时间段的端口。
6.如权利要求5所述的增强型因特网电话技术系统，其中所述目的地包括服务器，所述服务器被耦合以在超时时间段内发送所述其它消息中的至少一个。
7.如权利要求6所述的增强型因特网电话技术系统，其中所述源包括媒体终端适配器。
CN2004800340173A 2003-10-15 2004-10-14 用于增强型因特网电话技术的方法和装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1883179B (zh)

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US10/684,593 2003-10-15
US10/684,593 US7417981B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2003-10-15 Method and apparatus for enhanced Internet Telephony
PCT/US2004/033812 WO2005038594A2 (en) 2003-10-15 2004-10-14 Method and apparatus for enhanced internet telephony

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US20080181375A1 (en) 2008-07-31
US7924822B2 (en) 2011-04-12
EP1726140A2 (en) 2006-11-29
AU2004282932A1 (en) 2005-04-28
WO2005038594A3 (en) 2005-11-17
CA2542421A1 (en) 2005-04-28
EP1726140B1 (en) 2012-01-04
EP2264978A1 (en) 2010-12-22
CN1883179B (zh) 2010-06-09
US20050083908A1 (en) 2005-04-21
ATE540512T1 (de) 2012-01-15
US7417981B2 (en) 2008-08-26
CA2542421C (en) 2014-12-02
US20080183892A1 (en) 2008-07-31
AU2004282932B2 (en) 2009-11-05

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