DE10304584A1 - Communication of power and data to sensors and actuators in a process uses field transmission and avoids wiring - Google Patents

Communication of power and data to sensors and actuators in a process uses field transmission and avoids wiring Download PDF

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Publication number
DE10304584A1
DE10304584A1 DE10304584A DE10304584A DE10304584A1 DE 10304584 A1 DE10304584 A1 DE 10304584A1 DE 10304584 A DE10304584 A DE 10304584A DE 10304584 A DE10304584 A DE 10304584A DE 10304584 A1 DE10304584 A1 DE 10304584A1
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Prior art keywords
arrangement according
plates
actuator
sensor
repeater
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DE10304584A
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Guntram Dr.-Ing. Scheible
Jean Dr.-Ing. Schutz
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/50Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/05Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using capacitive coupling

Abstract

The machine process has a number of sensors and actuators [4n] that are located between a pair of parallel plates [2,3] of electrically conducting material. The plates are connected to a power supply having a frequency of greater than 120 Hz. A base station [15] communicates with the sensors and actuators through the generated electromagnetic field.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Anordnung zur drahtlosen Versorgung eines Systems mit einer Vielzahl Sensoren und/oder Aktoren mit elektrischer Energie gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a Arrangement for the wireless supply of a system with a large number Sensors and / or actuators with electrical energy according to the generic term of claim 1.

Die Erfindung kann beispielsweise bei einem System mit einer Vielzahl drahtloser Sensoren und/oder Aktoren (drahtlos sowohl hinsichtlich Energieversorgung als auch hinsichtlich Kommunikation) verwendet werden, welches in einer Maschine oder Anlage, beispielsweise Industrieroboter, Herstellungsautomat, Fertigungsautomat oder Prozessanlage installiert ist. Als Sensoren bzw. Aktoren können Näherungsschalter/Näherungssensoren, Temperaturmesssensoren, Druckmesssensoren, Strommesssensoren oder Spannungsmesssensoren bzw. mikromechanische, piezoelektrische, elektrochemische, magnetostriktive, elektrostatische oder elektromagnetische Aktoren verwendet werden.The invention can for example in a system with a large number of wireless sensors and / or Actuators (wireless both with regard to energy supply and with regard to communication), which is used in a machine or plant, for example industrial robots, automatic manufacturing machines, Manufacturing machine or process plant is installed. As sensors or actuators can be proximity switches / proximity sensors, Temperature measuring sensors, pressure measuring sensors, current measuring sensors or Voltage measurement sensors or micromechanical, piezoelectric, electrochemical, magnetostrictive, electrostatic or electromagnetic actuators be used.

In der DE 199 26 799 A1 wird ein System für eine eine Vielzahl von drahtlosen Näherungssensoren aufweisende Maschine, insbesondere Fertigungsautomat, vorgeschlagen, wobei

  • – jeder Näherungssensor mindestens eine zur Energieaufnahme aus einem mittelfrequenten Magnetfeld geeignete Sekundärwicklung aufweist,
  • – wobei mindestens eine von einem mittelfrequenten Oszillator gespeiste, ein Magnetfeld erzeugende Primärwicklung zur drahtlosen Versorgung der Näherungssensoren mit elektrischer Energie vorgesehen ist,
  • – und wobei jeder Näherungssensor mit einer Sendeeinrichtung ausgestattet ist, welche interessierende Sensor-Informationen beinhaltende Funksignale an eine zentrale, mit einem Prozessrechner der Maschine verbundene Basisstation abgibt.
In the DE 199 26 799 A1 proposes a system for a machine having a plurality of wireless proximity sensors, in particular a production machine, wherein
  • Each proximity sensor has at least one secondary winding suitable for absorbing energy from a medium-frequency magnetic field,
  • At least one primary winding fed by a medium-frequency oscillator and generating a magnetic field is provided for the wireless supply of the proximity sensors with electrical energy,
  • - And wherein each proximity sensor is equipped with a transmitting device which transmits radio signals containing the sensor information of interest to a central base station connected to a process computer of the machine.

Die erforderliche Primärwicklung umfasst eine relativ große Fläche und besteht vielfach nur aus wenigen Windungen, gegebenenfalls aus einer einzigen Windung. Bei diesem drahtlosen System entfällt im Vergleich zu konventionellen Lösungen mit Draht/Kabelanschluss zur elektrischen Energieversorgung und zur Kommunikation der durch Planung, Material, Installation, Dokumentation und Wartung bedingte relativ hohe Kostenfaktor der Draht/Kabelanschlüsse. Es können keine Ausfälle aufgrund von Kabelbrüchen oder schlechten, beispielsweise korrodierten Kontakten auftreten.The required primary winding includes a relatively large area and often consists of only a few turns, possibly from a single turn. In comparison with this wireless system to conventional solutions with wire / cable connection for electrical power supply and for communication through planning, material, installation, documentation and maintenance-related relatively high cost factor of the wire / cable connections. It can no failures due to cable breaks or bad, for example corroded contacts occur.

In der DE 199 26 562 A1 werden ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zur drahtlosen Versorgung einer Vielzahl Aktoren mit elektrischer Energie, ein Aktor und eine Primärwicklung hierzu sowie ein System für eine eine Vielzahl von Aktoren aufweisende Maschine vorgeschlagen, wobei die vorgeschlagene Technologie bezüglich Energieversorgung und Kommunikation gleichartig der vorstehend für die DE 199 26 799 A1 angegebenen Technologie ist.In the DE 199 26 562 A1 A method and an arrangement for the wireless supply of a plurality of actuators with electrical energy, an actuator and a primary winding therefor as well as a system for a machine having a plurality of actuators are proposed, the proposed technology with regard to energy supply and communication being similar to that for the above DE 199 26 799 A1 specified technology.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine kostengünstige und zuverlässige Anordnung zur drahtlosen Versorgung eines Systems mit einer Vielzahl Sensoren und/oder Aktoren mit elektrischer Energie der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben.The invention has for its object a inexpensive and reliable Arrangement for the wireless supply of a system with a large number Sensors and / or actuators with electrical energy at the beginning specified type.

Diese Aufgabe wird in Verbindung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes erfindungsgemäß durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This task is linked with the features of the preamble according to the invention solved the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielbaren Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, dass im Vergleich zu konventionellen Lösungen mit Kabelanschluss zur elektrischen Energieversorgung der Sensoren und/oder Aktoren der durch Planung, Material, Installation, Dokumentation und Wartung bedingte relativ hohe Kostenfaktor eines Kabelanschlusses entfällt. Es können keine Ausfälle aufgrund von Kabelbrüchen oder schlechten, beispielsweise korrodierten Kontakten auftreten. Im Vergleich zur Verwendung von Batterien zur Energieversorgung von Sensoren und/oder Aktoren entfällt der Wartungsaufwand und Kostenaufwand, der durch den erforderlichen Austausch von Batterien – zumal an schwer zugänglichen Stellen – bedingt ist.The achievable with the invention The main advantages are that compared to conventional solutions with cable connection for the electrical power supply of the sensors and / or actuators through planning, material, installation, documentation and maintenance-related, relatively high cost factor of a cable connection is eliminated. It can't losses due to cable breaks or bad, for example corroded contacts occur. Compared to using batteries to supply energy sensors and / or actuators eliminate the need for maintenance and Costs caused by the required replacement of batteries - especially in hard to reach Make - conditional is.

Weitere Vorteile sind aus der nachstehenden Beschreibung ersichtlich.Further advantages are from the description below seen.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous embodiments of the Invention are in the subclaims characterized.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is illustrated below of the embodiments illustrated in the drawing. It demonstrate:

1, 2a, 2b, 3 unterschiedliche Grundanordnungen der zur Energieversorgung eines Sensors oder Aktors erforderlichen Primärelemente, 1 . 2a . 2 B . 3 different basic arrangements of the primary elements required for the energy supply of a sensor or actuator,

4, 5, 6 unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen der zur Energieeinspeisung eines Sensors oder Aktors erforderlichen Sekundärelemente. 4 . 5 . 6 different embodiments of the secondary elements required for the energy supply of a sensor or actuator.

Zur drahtlosen Versorgung eines Systems einer Vielzahl von Sensoren und/oder Aktoren 4.1...4.n mit elektrischer Energie wird eine aus mindestens zwei, im wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordneten Körpern (beispielsweise Platten 1, 2 gemäß 1) mit Oberflächen aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material bestehende Primärelemente-Anordnung vorgeschlagen, wobei eine Einspeiseschaltung 3 mit den Oberflächen beider Körper elektrisch verbunden ist und diese Oberflächen mit einer mittelfrequenten Wechselspannung mit einer Frequenz größer oder gleich 120 kHz beaufschlagt. Das den Körpern zugeführte elektrische Potential ist relativ gering, so dass die auftretenden Berührungsspannungen unterhalb der zulässigen Grenzwerte liegen. Gegebenenfalls sind die elektrisch leitfähigen Oberflächen der Körper zusätzlich mit einem Isoliermaterial beschichtet. Das mit Hilfe dieser Primärelemente produzierte elektrische Feld dient der Energieversorgung der sich zwischen den Primärelementen befindenden Sensoren und/oder Aktoren 4.1...4.n.For wireless supply of a system with a large number of sensors and / or actuators 4.1 ... 4-n With electrical energy, one of at least two bodies (for example plates 1 . 2 according to 1 ) with surfaces made of electrically conductive material proposed primary element arrangement, with a feed circuit 3 is electrically connected to the surfaces of both bodies and these surfaces are subjected to a medium-frequency AC voltage with a frequency greater than or equal to 120 kHz. The electrical potential supplied to the bodies is relatively low, so that the contact voltages that occur are below the permissible limit values. If necessary, the electrically conductive surfaces of the bodies are additionally coated with an insulating material. The electric field produced with the help of these primary elements is used for the energy supply supply of the sensors and / or actuators located between the primary elements 4.1 ... 4-n ,

Vorzugsweise ist eine Kompensationsdrossel zwischen Einspeiseschaltung 3 und den als Primärelementen dienenden Körpern geschaltet, so dass sich ein Schwingkreis mit vorgegebener Frequenz bildet. Zweckmäßig ist diese Kompensationsdrossel einstellbar und regelbar, um auch bei veränderten Bedingungen eine Stabilität hinsichtlich der Frequenz des Schwingkreise sicherzustellen. Alternativ kann auch eine feste Induktivität als Kompensationsdrossel Verwendung finden, die zusammen mit einer (hierzu beispielsweise parallel angeordneten) variablen, regelbaren Kapazität arbeitet.There is preferably a compensation choke between the feed circuit 3 and the bodies serving as primary elements, so that an oscillating circuit is formed with a predetermined frequency. This compensation choke is expediently adjustable and controllable in order to ensure stability with regard to the frequency of the resonant circuits even under changed conditions. Alternatively, a fixed inductor can also be used as a compensation choke, which works together with a variable, controllable capacitance (for example arranged parallel to this).

1 zeigt eine erste Grundanordnung der Primärelemente mit zwei parallel zueinander angeordneten Platten 1, 2 mit Oberflächen aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material (beispielsweise Kupfer oder Aluminium, vollflächig oder netzförmig, beispielsweise mittels Stahlbetongitter realisiert), wobei eine Einspeiseschaltung 3 mit beiden Platten (Elektroden) 1, 2 verbunden ist und sich eine Vielzahl von Sensoren und/oder Aktoren 4.1...4.n einer Maschine oder Anlage zwischen beiden im Sinne eines Plattenkondensators wirkenden Platten 1, 2 befindet. Zur Kommunikation ist eine Basisstation 15 vorgesehen, welche per Funk mit den Sensoren und/oder Aktoren 4.1...4.n kommuniziert. Die verwendete Funkfrequenz liegt dabei auf einem deutlich höheren Wert als die Frequenz des zur Energieversorgung produzierten elektrischen Feldes, um ausreichende Datenraten und/oder Latenzen zu erzielen. 1 shows a first basic arrangement of the primary elements with two plates arranged parallel to each other 1 . 2 with surfaces made of electrically conductive material (for example copper or aluminum, implemented over the entire surface or in a network, for example using a reinforced concrete grid), with a feed circuit 3 with both plates (electrodes) 1 . 2 is connected and a variety of sensors and / or actuators 4.1 ... 4-n a machine or system between the two plates acting as a plate capacitor 1 . 2 located. There is a base station for communication 15 provided by radio with the sensors and / or actuators 4.1 ... 4-n communicated. The radio frequency used is at a significantly higher value than the frequency of the electrical field produced for energy supply in order to achieve sufficient data rates and / or latencies.

2a zeigt eine zweite Grundanordnung der Primärelemente mit einer Platte 2 und einem sich oberhalb der Platte 2 erstreckendem langgestrecktem Körper 5 – beispielsweise eine Rohrleitung (Pipeline) – mit einer Oberfläche aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material. Eine Einspeiseschaltung 3 ist mit Platte 2 und Körper 5 verbunden. Zwischen Platte 2 und Körper 5 befindet sich eine Vielzahl von Sensoren und/oder Aktoren 4.1...4.n. Als Platte 2 kann beispielsweise die Erdoberfläche dienen. Zur Kommunikation ist wiederum eine Basisstation 15 vorgesehen. 2a shows a second basic arrangement of the primary elements with a plate 2 and an elongated body extending above the plate 2 5 - For example, a pipeline - with a surface made of electrically conductive material. A feed circuit 3 is with plate 2 and body 5 connected. Between plate 2 and body 5 there is a large number of sensors and / or actuators 4.1 ... 4-n , As a plate 2 can serve for example the surface of the earth. There is a base station for communication 15 intended.

2b zeigt eine Variante zur Grundanordnung gemäß 2a mit einer langgestreckten Rohrleitung (beispielsweise mehrere hundert Meter lang) als Körper 5, der Erdoberfläche als Platte 2, mehreren, in gleichmäßigen Abständen längs der Rohrleitung verteilten und miteinander synchronisierten Einspeiseschaltungen 3 (beispielsweise jeweils mit 220-Volt-Netzanschluss), einer Vielzahl von Sensoren und/oder Aktoren 4.1, 4.2...4.n und mehreren, in gleichmäßigen Abständen längs der Rohrleitung verteilten Repeatern 16 (beispielsweise jeweils mit 220-Volt-Netzanschluss) für die Kommunikation, welche jeweils vorzugsweise als Basisstationen, Impulswiederholer, Rückmelder und Signal-Zwischenverstärker dienen und die Signale synchronisiert auffrischen. Bei kleineren Datenraten kann auch jeder einzelne Sensor und/oder Aktor als Repeater eingesetzt werden. 2 B shows a variant of the basic arrangement according to 2a with an elongated pipe (for example several hundred meters long) as a body 5 , the surface of the earth as a plate 2 , several feed circuits, which are distributed at equal intervals along the pipeline and are synchronized with one another 3 (for example, each with a 220-volt mains connection), a large number of sensors and / or actuators 4.1 . 4.2 ... 4-n and several repeaters distributed at regular intervals along the pipeline 16 (For example, each with a 220-volt mains connection) for communication, which in each case preferably serve as base stations, pulse repeaters, feedback signals and signal repeaters and refresh the signals in a synchronized manner. With smaller data rates, each individual sensor and / or actuator can also be used as a repeater.

3 zeigt eine dritte Grundanordnung der Primärelemente mit zwei parallel zueinander (beispielsweise horizontal) angeordneten Platten 1, 2 sowie zwei weiteren, im wesentlichen orthogonal hierzu (beispielsweise vertikal) und parallel zueinander angeordneten Platten 6, 7 (gestrichelt gezeichnet). Sämtliche Platten 1, 2, 6, 7 weisen eine Oberfläche aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material auf. Eine erste Einspeiseschaltung 3 ist mit beiden Platten 1, 2 verbunden. Eine zweite Einspeiseschaltung 8 (gestrichelt gezeichnet) speist die beiden Platten 6, 7. Die von den Einspeiseschaltungen 3, 8 erzeugten Wechselgrößen weisen gleiche Frequenz, ähnliche Stromamplituden und ähnliche Spannungsamplituden auf und sind miteinander synchronisiert. Es wird eine Phasenverschiebung von vorzugsweise 90° zwischen der Wechselgröße der ersten Einspeiseschaltung 3 und der Wechselgröße der zweiten Einspeiseschaltung 8 eingestellt. 3 shows a third basic arrangement of the primary elements with two plates arranged parallel to one another (for example horizontally) 1 . 2 and two further plates arranged essentially orthogonally thereto (for example vertically) and parallel to one another 6 . 7 (drawn in dashed lines). All plates 1 . 2 . 6 . 7 have a surface made of electrically conductive material. A first feed circuit 3 is with both plates 1 . 2 connected. A second feed circuit 8th (drawn in dashed lines) feeds the two plates 6 . 7 , The from the feed circuits 3 . 8th Alternating quantities generated have the same frequency, similar current amplitudes and similar voltage amplitudes and are synchronized with one another. There is a phase shift of preferably 90 ° between the alternating quantity of the first feed circuit 3 and the alternating quantity of the second feed circuit 8th set.

4 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform der zur Energieeinspeisung eines Sensors oder Aktors 4.1...4.n erforderlichen Sekundärelemente bzw. empfängerseitigen Baukomponenten. Als Sekundärelemente weist der Sensor oder Aktor zwei parallel zueinander angeordnete Platten 9, 10 mit Oberflächen aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material auf. Die beiden Platten 9, 10 sind mit einem Energiewandler 11 verbunden, welcher mittels eines AC/DC-Stellers die zwischen den Platten 9, 10 erzeugte Wechselspannung US in eine Gleichspannung wandelt und am Ausgang des Stellers einen Energiespeicher, vorzugsweise Kondensator, aufweist. 4 shows a first embodiment of the energy supply of a sensor or actuator 4.1 ... 4-n required secondary elements or receiver components. The sensor or actuator has two plates arranged in parallel to one another as secondary elements 9 . 10 with surfaces made of electrically conductive material. The two plates 9 . 10 are with an energy converter 11 connected, which by means of an AC / DC actuator between the plates 9 . 10 generated AC voltage U S converts into a DC voltage and has an energy store, preferably a capacitor, at the output of the actuator.

5 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform der zur Energieeinspeisung eines Sensors oder Aktors 4.1...4.n erforderlichen Sekundärelemente. Der Energiewandler 11 ist hierbei mit lediglich einer Platte 9 mit einer Oberfläche aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material verbunden, während der weitere Wechselspannungsanschluss des Energiewandlers 11 mit der an die Einspeiseschaltung 3 angeschlossenen, vorzugsweise auf Erdpotential liegenden Platte 2 verbunden ist. Platte 2 dient bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sowohl als Primärelement als auch als Sekundärelement. Zwischen den Platten 9 und 2 wird die Wechselspannung US erzeugt. Diese zweite Ausführungsform ist bei geerdeten Maschinen oder Anlagen, beispielsweise Robotern oder Prozessanlagen, sinnvoll. 5 shows a second embodiment of the energy supply of a sensor or actuator 4.1 ... 4-n required secondary elements. The energy converter 11 is here with only one plate 9 connected to a surface made of electrically conductive material, while the further AC connection of the energy converter 11 with the to the feed circuit 3 connected plate, preferably at earth potential 2 connected is. plate 2 serves both as a primary element and as a secondary element in this embodiment. Between the plates 9 and 2 the AC voltage U S is generated. This second embodiment is useful for earthed machines or systems, for example robots or process systems.

6 zeigt eine dritte Ausführungsform der zur Energieeinspeisung eines Sensors oder Aktors 4.1...4.n erforderlichen Sekundärelemente. Der Energiewandler 11 ist hierbei mit im wesentlichen orthogonal zueinander angeordneten Platten 9, 13, 14 verbunden, wobei jeder Platte 9, 13, 14 eine weitere parallele Platte (in der Zeichnung nicht erkennbar) zugeordnet und ebenfalls mit dem Energiewandler 11 verbunden ist. Die Platten 9, 13, 14 sowie die parallelen Platten hierzu können beispielsweise auf den sechs Seitenflächen eines Würfels 12 angeordnet sein. Die Platten 9, 13, 14 sowie die hierzu parallelen Platten weisen jeweils zumindest teilweise aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material bestehende Oberflächen auf. 6 shows a third embodiment of the energy supply of a sensor or actuator 4.1 ... 4-n required secondary elements. The energy converter 11 is here with plates arranged essentially orthogonally to one another 9 . 13 . 14 connected, each plate 9 . 13 . 14 Another parallel plate (not visible in the drawing) is assigned and also with the energy converter 11 connected is. The plates 9 . 13 . 14 as well as the parallel plates for this can for example on the six side surfaces of a cube 12 be arranged. The plates 9 . 13 . 14 as well as the parallel ones Plates each have at least partially surfaces made of electrically conductive material.

Vorzugsweise ist bei jedem Sensor und/oder Aktor 4 eine Kompensationsdrossel zwischen Energiewandler 11 und den als Sekundärelementen dienenden Körpern geschaltet, so dass sich ein Schwingkreis mit vorgegebener Frequenz bildet, wobei diese Frequenz selbstverständlich auf die Frequenz des mittels der Primärelemente produzierten, mittelfrequenten elektrischen Feldes abgestimmt. Auf diese Art und Weise wird die über das elektrische Feld zwischen Primärelementen und Sekundärelementen bewerkstelligte elektrische Energieübertragung optimiert.Each sensor and / or actuator is preferred 4 a compensation choke between energy converters 11 and the bodies serving as secondary elements, so that an oscillating circuit with a predetermined frequency is formed, this frequency being of course matched to the frequency of the medium-frequency electric field produced by the primary elements. In this way, the electrical energy transmission which is effected via the electrical field between primary elements and secondary elements is optimized.

Selbstverständlich sind die Sensoren und/oder Aktoren 4.1...4.n des Systems mit den zum Betrieb erforderlichen drahtlosen Kommunikationseinrichtungen (Empfang/Senden von Funksignalen) versehen. So ist jeder Sensor mit einer Sendeeinrichtung ausgestattet, welche interessierende Sensor-Informationen beinhaltende Sensorsignale oder gegebenenfalls Fehlermeldungen als Funksignale an eine mit einem Zentralrechner der Maschine oder Anlage verbundene Empfangseinrichtung in der Basisstation 15 bzw. im Repeater abgibt. Zweckmäßig ist jeder Sensor zusätzlich mit einer Empfangseinrichtung versehen, um hierdurch spezifische Parametervorgaben oder auch Emp fangsbestätigungen vom Sender des Zentralrechners bzw. der Basisstation bzw. des Repeaters empfangen zu können.Of course, the sensors and / or actuators 4.1 ... 4-n the system with the wireless communication devices required for operation (reception / transmission of radio signals). Each sensor is thus equipped with a transmitting device, which contains sensor signals of interest or possibly error messages as radio signals to a receiving device in the base station connected to a central computer of the machine or system 15 or in the repeater. Each sensor is expediently additionally provided with a receiving device in order to be able to receive specific parameter specifications or also reception confirmations from the transmitter of the central computer or the base station or the repeater.

Des weiteren ist jeder Aktor mit einer Empfangseinrichtung ausgestattet, welche Ansteuersignale zur Aktivierung/Deaktivierung des Aktors oder Signale zur Einstellung spezifischer Parameter einer mit dem Zentralrechner der Maschine oder Anlage verbundenen Sendeeinrichtung der Basisstation 15 bzw. des Repeaters empfängt.Furthermore, each actuator is equipped with a receiving device, which control signals for activating / deactivating the actuator or signals for setting specific parameters of a transmitting device of the base station connected to the central computer of the machine or system 15 or the repeater receives.

Zweckmäßig ist jeder Aktor zusätzlich mit einer Sendeeinrichtung versehen, um hierdurch den aktuellen Zustand des Aktors sowie gegebenenfalls Fehlermeldungen/Empfangsbestätigungen an den Zentralrechner bzw. Basisstation bzw. Repeater melden zu können.Each actuator is also useful provided with a transmitting device in order to thereby determine the current state of the actuator and, if applicable, error messages / acknowledgments of receipt report to the central computer or base station or repeater can.

11
Platte mit Oberfläche aus elektrisch leitfähigem Materialplate with surface made of electrically conductive material
22
Platte (eventuell Erdoberfläche)plate (possibly earth surface)
33
Einspeiseschaltungfeed circuit
44
Sensoren und/oder Aktorensensors and / or actuators
55
langgestreckter Körper mit Oberfläche aus elektrisch leitfähigem Materialelongated body with surface made of electrically conductive material
66
Platte (orthogonal zu 1)Plate (orthogonal to 1 )
77
Platteplate
88th
Einspeiseschaltungfeed circuit
99
Platte mit Oberfläche aus elektrisch leitfähigem Materialplate with surface made of electrically conductive material
1010
Platteplate
1111
Energiewandler mit AC/DC-Steller und Energiespeicherenergy converters with AC / DC controller and energy storage
1212
Würfelcube
1313
Platte (orthogonal zu 10)Plate (orthogonal to 10 )
1414
Platte (orthogonal zu 10)Plate (orthogonal to 10 )
1515
Basisstation für Kommunikationbase station for communication
1616
Repeaterrepeater

Claims (19)

Anordnung zur drahtlosen Versorgung eines Systems mit einer Vielzahl Sensoren und/oder Aktoren (4) mit elektrischer Energie, gekennzeichnet durch – eine aus mindestens zwei, im wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordneten Körpern (1, 2, 5, 6, 7) aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material bestehende Primärelemente-Konfiguration, wobei mindestens eine Einspeiseschaltung (3, 8) mit diesen Körpern elektrisch verbunden ist und diese Körper (1, 2, 5, 6, 7) mit einer mittelfrequenten Wechselspannung mit einer Frequenz größer oder gleich 120 kHz beaufschlagt, wodurch ein entsprechendes elektrisches Feld produziert wird, – eine aus mindestens zwei, im wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordneten Körpern (9, 10, 13, 14) aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material bestehende Sekundärelemente-Konfiguration eines jeden Sensors und/oder Aktors (4), wobei ein Energiewandler (11) elektrisch mit diesen Körpern (9, 10, 13, 14) verbunden ist und die zwischen diesen Körpern aus dem elektrischen Feld erzeugte Wechselspannung in eine Gleichspannung wandelt.Arrangement for the wireless supply of a system with a large number of sensors and / or actuators ( 4 ) with electrical energy, characterized by - one of at least two bodies arranged essentially parallel to one another ( 1 . 2 . 5 . 6 . 7 ) Primary element configuration made of electrically conductive material, at least one feed circuit ( 3 . 8th ) is electrically connected to these bodies and these bodies ( 1 . 2 . 5 . 6 . 7 ) with a medium-frequency alternating voltage with a frequency greater than or equal to 120 kHz, whereby a corresponding electric field is produced, - one of at least two bodies arranged essentially parallel to each other ( 9 . 10 . 13 . 14 ) Secondary element configuration of each sensor and / or actuator made of electrically conductive material ( 4 ), being an energy converter ( 11 ) electrically with these bodies ( 9 . 10 . 13 . 14 ) is connected and converts the AC voltage generated between these bodies from the electrical field into a DC voltage. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch zwei parallel zueinander angeordnete Platten (1, 2) als Primärelemente.Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized by two plates arranged parallel to one another ( 1 . 2 ) as primary elements. Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens zwei zusätzliche, parallel zueinander und orthogonal zu den weiteren Platten (1, 2) angeordnete Platten (6, 7) als Primärelemente, so dass von den Platten (1, 2, 6, 7) ein Kubus oder Quader umschlossen wird, innerhalb dessen sich die Sensoren und/oder Aktoren (4) befinden.Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized by at least two additional, parallel to each other and orthogonal to the other plates ( 1 . 2 ) arranged plates ( 6 . 7 ) as primary elements, so that from the plates ( 1 . 2 . 6 . 7 ) a cube or cuboid is enclosed within which the sensors and / or actuators ( 4 ) are located. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine Platte (2) und einen sich in vorgegebenem Abstand parallel zur Platte erstreckendem langgestreckten Körper (5), beispielsweise eine Rohrleitung, als Primärelemente.Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized by a plate ( 2 ) and an elongated body extending at a predetermined distance parallel to the plate ( 5 ), for example a pipeline, as primary elements. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Bildung eines Schwingkreises vorgegebener Frequenz eine Kompensationsdrossel zwischen Einspeiseschaltung (3, 8) und Primärelement geschaltet ist.Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to form a resonant circuit of a predetermined frequency, a compensation choke between the feed circuit ( 3 . 8th ) and primary element is switched. Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet durch eine einstellbare und regelbare Kompensationsdrossel.Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized by a adjustable and adjustable compensation choke. Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet durch eine feste Induktivität als Kompensationsdrossel, die zusammen mit einer variablen, regelbaren Kapazität arbeitet.Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized by a fixed inductance as a compensation choke that works together with a variable, adjustable capacity. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere miteinander synchronisierte Einspeiseschaltungen (3) für die Versorgung der Primärelemente vorgesehen sind.Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of feed circuits ( 3 ) are provided for the supply of the primary elements. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch zwei parallel zueinander angeordnete Platten (9, 10) als Sekundärelemente.Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized by two plates arranged parallel to one another ( 9 . 10 ) as secondary elements. Anordnung nach Anspruch 9, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens zwei zusätzliche, parallel zueinander und orthogonal zu den weiteren Platten (9, 10) angeordnete Platten (13, 14) als Sekundärelemente.Arrangement according to claim 9, characterized by at least two additional, parallel to each other and orthogonal to the other plates ( 9 . 10 ) arranged plates ( 13 . 14 ) as secondary elements. Anordnung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platten (9, 10, 13, 14) auf den sechs Seitenflächen eines Würfels (12) angeordnet sind.Arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that the plates ( 9 . 10 . 13 . 14 ) on the six faces of a cube ( 12 ) are arranged. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein und derselbe Körper (2) sowohl als Primärelement als auch als Sekundärelement dient.Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that one and the same body ( 2 ) serves both as a primary element and as a secondary element. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Bildung eines Schwingkreises vorgegebener Frequenz eine Kompensationsdrossel zwischen Energiewandler (11) und Sekundärelement geschaltet ist.Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to form a resonant circuit of a predetermined frequency, a compensation choke between the energy converter ( 11 ) and secondary element is switched. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Sensor mit einer Sendeeinrichtung ausgestattet ist, welche interessierende Sensor-Informationen beinhaltende Sensorsignale oder gegebenenfalls Fehlermeldungen oder Empfangsbestätigungen als Funksignale an eine Basisstation (15) oder einen Repeater (16) abgibt.Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each sensor is equipped with a transmitting device, which contains sensor signals of interest containing sensor information or, if appropriate, error messages or acknowledgments of receipt as radio signals to a base station ( 15 ) or a repeater ( 16 ) issues. Anordnung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Sensor zusätzlich mit einer Empfangseinrichtung versehen ist, um hierdurch spezifische Parametervorgaben und/oder Empfangsbestätigungen von der Basisstation (15) oder von einem Repeater (16) zu empfangen.Arrangement according to claim 14, characterized in that each sensor is additionally provided with a receiving device in order thereby to receive specific parameter specifications and / or acknowledgments from the base station ( 15 ) or from a repeater ( 16 ) to recieve. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Aktor mit einer Empfangseinrichtung ausgestattet ist, um Ansteuersignale zur Aktivierung/Deaktivierung des Aktors und/oder Signale zur Einstellung spezifischer Parameter und/oder Empfangssignale als Funksignale einer Basisstation (15) oder von einem Repeater (16) zu empfangen.Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each actuator is equipped with a receiving device to receive control signals for activating / deactivating the actuator and / or signals for setting specific parameters and / or received signals as radio signals from a base station ( 15 ) or from a repeater ( 16 ) to recieve. Anordnung nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Aktor zusätzlich mit einer Sendeeinrichtung versehen ist, um hierdurch den aktuellen Zustand des Aktors sowie gegebenenfalls Fehlermeldungen oder Empfangsbestätigungen an die Basisstation (15) oder an einen Repeater (16) zu melden.Arrangement according to claim 16, characterized in that each actuator is additionally provided with a transmission device in order to thereby the current state of the actuator and possibly error messages or acknowledgments of receipt to the base station ( 15 ) or to a repeater ( 16 ) Report to. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 14 – 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich mindestens ein Repeater (16) zur Signalwiederholung bzw. Zwischenverstärkung vorgesehen ist.Arrangement according to one of claims 14 - 17, characterized in that at least one repeater ( 16 ) is provided for signal repetition or intermediate amplification. Anordnung nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Sensor und/oder Aktor die Funktion eines Repeaters (16) übernimmt.Arrangement according to claim 18, characterized in that a sensor and / or actuator function as a repeater ( 16 ) takes over.
DE10304584A 2003-02-05 2003-02-05 Communication of power and data to sensors and actuators in a process uses field transmission and avoids wiring Withdrawn DE10304584A1 (en)

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