EP0275439B1 - Power regulation apparatus for a fuel-heated generator - Google Patents

Power regulation apparatus for a fuel-heated generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0275439B1
EP0275439B1 EP87117963A EP87117963A EP0275439B1 EP 0275439 B1 EP0275439 B1 EP 0275439B1 EP 87117963 A EP87117963 A EP 87117963A EP 87117963 A EP87117963 A EP 87117963A EP 0275439 B1 EP0275439 B1 EP 0275439B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
pipe
air
burner
main
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP87117963A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0275439A1 (en
Inventor
Alfred Sinner
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Karl Dungs GmbH and Co KG
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Karl Dungs GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to AT87117963T priority Critical patent/ATE73533T1/en
Publication of EP0275439A1 publication Critical patent/EP0275439A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/025—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/10—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers power assisted, e.g. using electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00—Controlling
    • F23N2237/20—Controlling one or more bypass conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for regulating the output of fuel-fired, in particular gas-fired, heat generators, having a burner, a main line connecting the burner with an air inlet opening, a flow sensor arranged in the main line, and a fuel line opening into the main line in the region between the flow sensor and the burner which is supplied to the main line with a predetermined, constant amount of fuel, one in operative connection with the main line standing blower determining the air flow rate in the main line and a control device controlling the delivery capacity of the blower as a function of the output signal of the flow sensor and possibly further variables influencing the optimal fuel / air ratio.
  • a heat generator working with gas as fuel with such a device is described in a prospectus no. 1.23.202320 of the applicant.
  • Such a heat generator can be optimally set for a given heating output by firmly specifying the amount of fuel required to achieve this heating output and supplying the air required for optimal combustion in a controlled manner.
  • the air supply is regulated with the aid of the blower, the output of which is controlled in such a way that the air speed determined by the flow sensor is kept at a predetermined value, which is determined by the control device as a function of variables influencing the amount of air supplied, in particular as a function of the air temperature. can be changed.
  • the known device has the advantage that it does not require complicated control loops in order to change the amount of fuel supplied when the heating power changes and to provide the optimum amount of air for the respective amount of fuel. Rather, if a reduced heating capacity is required, it is sufficient to periodically switch the burner control on and off, as is generally the case in central heating systems. With such burner controls, the nominal output is normally set to the maximum heating requirement of the central heating system. For central heating of single-family houses, flats u. The like. The heat requirement is not very high, especially since heat-insulating measures are increasingly being used which greatly reduce the heat requirement. On the other hand, the automatic firing systems of such central heating systems are also used to heat water.
  • the burner's air throughput is adapted to the gas throughput in the case of a burner's power which can be changed in stages, by virtue of the fact that the fuel valve is divided into parallel individual valves and the air closure member is divided into parallel sub-members with a discharge stage of 2 n , the fuel is led directly to the burner.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a device of the type mentioned so that it can be adjusted to different heating capacities depending on the respective heat requirements, without losing the optimal setting of the combustion conditions and without complicated control devices to maintain these optimal conditions required are.
  • the section of the main line containing the flow sensor and the outlet of the fuel line is connected in parallel to at least one secondary line connecting the burner with an air inlet opening, into which another fuel line opens, via which the secondary line has a predetermined time constant amount of fuel is supplied, which is in a ratio to the amount of fuel supplied to the main line, which is the same as the ratio of the amounts of air conveyed through the main line and the secondary line, and that the secondary line and the further fuel line assigned to it are optionally connectable and lockable.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to change the heating power by switching one or more secondary lines on or off without any changes to the setting of the control device being necessary. If, for example, a secondary line is switched on for the current blower output, the amount of air conveyed by the blower is distributed over the main line and secondary line, so that the flow velocity in the main line drops. The one arranged in the main line responds to this drop in the flow velocity Flow sensor on, which causes an increase in the delivery rate of the blower via the control device until the air in the main line again has the predetermined flow rate regardless of the flow conditions changed by the increased heating power.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the adjustment speed of in the secondary line and in the further fuel line Arranged shut-off devices is adapted to the rate of change of the blower power, so that the fuel / air ratio remains essentially undisturbed even during the transition from one power level to the other.
  • the invention also offers the possibility of continuously regulating the heating power by continuously changing the throughput of the secondary line and, corresponding to the further fuel line. It must of course be ensured that the amount of fuel supplied to the secondary line is in the same ratio to the amount of fuel supplied to the main line as the released cross section of the secondary line to the cross section of the main line, so that the same fuel / air ratio prevails in the secondary line Main line.
  • the fan is arranged in a flue gas line connected to the heat generator, because then the fan cannot directly influence the flow conditions in the main line.
  • a fan arranged at the inlet end of the lines could in fact influence the distribution of the air flow in the main line and thus at the location of the flow sensor and thus lead to control errors.
  • the invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawing.
  • the features to be extracted from the description and the drawing can be used in other embodiments of the Invention can be used individually or in any combination.
  • the drawing shows a schematic representation of a heat generator with a device for power control designed according to the invention.
  • the heat generator shown in the drawing has a burner 1, to which a gas / air mixture is supplied via a main line 2.
  • the burner 1 is located within a boiler housing 3, which also encloses the heat exchanger 4 of a heating system.
  • the boiler housing 3 is provided with a vent 5 for the flue gases, in which there is a fan 7 driven by a motor 6.
  • the main line 2 connects the burner 1 to an air inlet opening 8.
  • a temperature sensor 9 and a flow sensor 10 also protrude into the main line 2.
  • the output signals of these sensors 9, 10 are fed to a control device 11.
  • a fuel line 13 opens into the main line 2 and supplies gas to the main line as fuel.
  • a gas pressure regulator 14 and a valve 15 are located one behind the other in the fuel line 13 in the direction of flow of the gas, so that the main line 2 is supplied with a predetermined amount of gas.
  • the specified amount of gas includes a precisely determined amount of air.
  • the supply of the correct amount of air is monitored by the flow sensor 10, the output signal of which is characteristic of the flow velocity of the air in the main line 2.
  • the amount of air determined in this way is still dependent on various influencing variables, in particular on the temperature, which is determined by the temperature sensor 9.
  • the control device 11 controls as a function of the output signals of the temperature sensor 9 and the flow sensor 10, the speed of the motor 6 used to drive the fan 7 in such a way that the flow rate required to supply the correct amount of air prevails in the main line 2. This ensures in a very simple manner that optimal combustion conditions are present for the gas supplied to the burner 1.
  • a secondary line 21 is connected in parallel with the main line 2 and opens into the main line 2 in the area between the confluence of the fuel line 13 and the burner 1. Similar to the main line 2, the secondary line 21 also has an open end serving as an air inlet opening 22. In practice, however, both lines will mostly be connected to a common supply air line. Similar to the main line 2, a fuel line 23 also opens into the secondary line 21 and branches off from the fuel line 13 opening into the main line 2. A shut-off valve 24 is located in this fuel line 23. A shut-off valve 25 is also located in the secondary line 21. The shut-off valves 24 and 25 are connected to a common servomotor 26 which, if necessary, connects the common servomotor 26, which, if necessary, opens or opens the valve jointly Closing the shut-off valves 24, 25 causes.
  • the secondary line 21 has no influence as long as the shut-off valves 24, 25 are closed. If the valves 24, 25 are opened, the air conveyed by the blower 7 is distributed over the main line 2 and the secondary line 21 in the ratio of the cross sections of these lines, since these cross sections determine the flow resistance. Accordingly, the flow rate decreases Air in the main line 2, to which the flow sensor 10 responds.
  • the signal supplied to the control device 11 by the flow sensor 10 therefore causes the control device to increase the speed of the motor 6 and thus the power of the fan 7 until the predetermined flow rate again prevails in the main line.
  • the increase in performance of the blower will have to be considerably greater than it corresponds to the additional delivery rate, because the throughput resistance of the heat generator increases with increasing heating output.
  • an unfavorable operating state can arise because, after opening the shut-off valves 24, 25, the fuel supply is suddenly increased by opening the fuel line 23, but the engine needs a certain amount of time until it achieves its increased output has reached, so that initially the amount of combustion air supplied is too small. Conversely, when the secondary line is switched off, the amount of fuel would suddenly be reduced without immediately reducing the amount of air accordingly, so that a large excess of air would then be used. In both cases, the flames could go out, causing the burner to malfunction in the usual way.
  • the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown, but deviations from it are possible without leaving the scope of the invention. It is therefore possible to provide not only one, but also two and more secondary lines, which can be switched on and off in any number in order to set different power levels of the heat generator. In all cases, the monitoring of the flow velocity of the air in the main line 2 is sufficient to maintain optimal combustion conditions, since exactly the same fuel / air ratio is established in all open parallel lines as in the main line.

Abstract

Fuel-heated generators must work with a fuel/air ratio which is to be kept within narrow limits. With constant heating capacity, it is possible to add to a temporally constant quantity of fuel for this purpose a quantity of air, the flow rate of which can be kept constant by means of a blower. There is a requirement for generators, the heating capacity of which can be changed at least stepwise, despite use of such a simple device, for capacity adjustment. To increase the heating capacity stepwise, there is connected parallel to the main pipe (2) at least one secondary pipe (21), in which the same fuel/air mixture as in the main pipe is present, when the stipulated quantity of air is delivered in the main pipe. The preferred application of such devices is in generators for small central heating systems with water heating.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Leistungsregelung von brennstoffbefeuerten, insbesondere gasbefeuerten Wärmeerzeugern, mit einem Brenner, einer den Brenner mit einer Lufteintrittsöffnung verbindenden Hauptleitung, einem in der Hauptleitung angeordneten Strömungssensor, einer in die Hauptleitung im Bereich zwischen dem Strömungssensor und dem Brenner mündenden Brennstoffleitung, über die der Hauptleitung eine vorgegebene, zeitlich konstante Brennstoffmenge zugeführt wird, einem mit der Hauptleitung in Wirkverbindung stehenden, den Luftdurchsatz in der Hauptleitung bestimmenden Gebläse und einer die Förderleistung des Gebläses in Abhängigkeit von dem Ausgangssignal des Strömungssensors und ggf. weiteren, das optimale Brennstoff/Luft-Verhältnis beeinflussenden Größen steuernden Regeleinrichtung.The invention relates to a device for regulating the output of fuel-fired, in particular gas-fired, heat generators, having a burner, a main line connecting the burner with an air inlet opening, a flow sensor arranged in the main line, and a fuel line opening into the main line in the region between the flow sensor and the burner which is supplied to the main line with a predetermined, constant amount of fuel, one in operative connection with the main line standing blower determining the air flow rate in the main line and a control device controlling the delivery capacity of the blower as a function of the output signal of the flow sensor and possibly further variables influencing the optimal fuel / air ratio.

Ein mit Gas als Brennstoff arbeitender Wärmeerzeuger mit einer solchen Einrichtung ist in einem Prospekt Nr. 1.23.202320 der Anmelderin beschrieben. Ein solcher Wärmeerzeuger läßt sich für eine vorgegebene Heizleistung optimal einstellen, indem die zum Erreichen dieser Heizleistung benötigte Brennstoffmenge fest vorgegeben und die zur optimalen Verbrennung benötigte Luft geregelt zugeführt wird. Die Regelung der Luftzufuhr erfolgt mit Hilfe des Gebläses, dessen Leistung so gesteuert wird, daß die von dem Strömungssensor ermittelte Luftgeschwindigkeit auf einem vorgegebenen Wert gehalten wird, der von der Regeleinrichtung in Abhängigkeit von die zugeführte Luftmenge beeinflusenden Größen, insbesondere in Abhängigkeit von der Lufttemperatur, verändert werden kann.A heat generator working with gas as fuel with such a device is described in a prospectus no. 1.23.202320 of the applicant. Such a heat generator can be optimally set for a given heating output by firmly specifying the amount of fuel required to achieve this heating output and supplying the air required for optimal combustion in a controlled manner. The air supply is regulated with the aid of the blower, the output of which is controlled in such a way that the air speed determined by the flow sensor is kept at a predetermined value, which is determined by the control device as a function of variables influencing the amount of air supplied, in particular as a function of the air temperature. can be changed.

Die bekannte Einrichtung hat den Vorteil, daß sie keine komplizierten Regelkreise benötigt, um bei sich ändernder Heizleistung die zugeführte Brennstoffmenge zu ändern und für die jeweilige Brennstoffmenge die optimale Luftmenge zur Verfügung zu stellen. Vielmehr genügt es, wenn eine verminderte Heizleistung gefordert wird, den Feuerungsautomaten periodisch an- und auszuschalten, wie es bei Zentralheizungsanlagen allgemein üblich ist. Bei solchen Feuerungsautomaten ist die Nennleistung normalerweise auf den maximalen Wärmebedarf der Zentralheizungsanlage eingestellt. Bei Zentralheizungen von Einfamilienhäusern, Etagenwohnungen u. dgl. ist der Wärmebedarf nicht sehr hoch, zumal zunehmend wärmedämmende Maßnahmen Anwendung finden, die den Wärmebedarf stark vermindern. Andererseits werden die Feuerungsautomten solcher Zentralheizungen gleichzeitig auch zur Warmwasserbereitung benutzt. Der Wärmebedarf von Anlagen zur Warmwasserbereitung ist sehr viel größer als der von Zentralheizungen, wenn nicht sehr große Warmwasser-Speichereinrichtungen vorgesehen sind und kein empfindlicher Mangel an Warmwasser in Kauf genommen werden soll. Andererseits wäre es sehr unwirtschaftich, den Feuerungsautomaten für eine Wärmeleistung auszulegen, die unter normalen Heizbedingungen die für die Warmwasserbereitung erforderliche Wärmemenge liefern würde. Für die Wirtschaftlichkeit und für den Komfort einer Zentralheizungsanlage ist es nämlich von Bedeutung, daß die Brennzeit des Wärmeerzeugers möglichst groß ist, die Wärmeleistung den Wärmebedarf also nicht wesentlich überschreitet. Eine Änderung der Wärmeleistung durch Erhöhen der der Hauptleitung zugeführten Brennstoffmenge bei gleichzeitiger Erhöhung der zugeführten Luftmenge würde jedoch wiederum schwierige Regelvorgänge erfordern, weil es schon bei geringen Abweichungen von dem optimalen Mischungsverhältnis von Brennstoff und Luft zur Entstehung von Schadstoffen und schließlich zu einem Ersticken oder Abreißen der Flammen und damit zu einem Ausgehen des Brenners kommen kann, was zur Folge hätte, daß der Brenner auf Störung ginge und erst von Hand wieder in Betrieb genommen werden müßte. Der Benutzer eines leistungsgeregelten Wärmeerzeugers will sich jedoch darauf verlassen können, daß sein Gerät störungsfrei arbeitet und nicht bei plötzlichen Änderungen der Betriebszustände, wie sie eine Heißwasser-Entnahme darstellt, auf Störung geht.The known device has the advantage that it does not require complicated control loops in order to change the amount of fuel supplied when the heating power changes and to provide the optimum amount of air for the respective amount of fuel. Rather, if a reduced heating capacity is required, it is sufficient to periodically switch the burner control on and off, as is generally the case in central heating systems. With such burner controls, the nominal output is normally set to the maximum heating requirement of the central heating system. For central heating of single-family houses, flats u. The like. The heat requirement is not very high, especially since heat-insulating measures are increasingly being used which greatly reduce the heat requirement. On the other hand, the automatic firing systems of such central heating systems are also used to heat water. The heat requirement of systems for water heating is much greater than that of central heating systems, if there are no very large hot water storage facilities and no sensitive shortage of hot water is to be accepted. On the other hand, it would be very uneconomical to design the burner control for a heat output that would provide the amount of heat required for water heating under normal heating conditions. For the economy and comfort of a central heating system it is important that the burning time of the heat generator is as long as possible, so that the heat output does not significantly exceed the heat requirement. However, a change in the heat output by increasing the amount of fuel supplied to the main line and at the same time increasing the amount of air supplied would in turn require difficult control processes, because even with small deviations from the optimal mixing ratio of fuel and air, pollutants are formed and ultimately suffocate or tear off Flames and thus the burner may go out, which would mean that the burner would malfunction and would only have to be restarted by hand. The user of a power-controlled heat generator, however, wants to be able to rely on the fact that his device works trouble-free and does not interfere with sudden changes in the operating conditions, such as hot water extraction.

Gemäß DE-A-3 011 544 ist bei stufenweise veränderbare Leistung eines Brenners eine Anpassung des Luftdurchsatzes des Brenners zum Gasdurchsatz vorgesehen, dadurch daß das Brennstoffventil in parallele Einzelventile und das Luftverschlußorgan in parallele Teilorgane mit einer Dulchlaßstufung von 2n aufgeteilt sind, wobei der Brennstoff direkt zum Brenner geführt wird.According to DE-A-3 011 544, the burner's air throughput is adapted to the gas throughput in the case of a burner's power which can be changed in stages, by virtue of the fact that the fuel valve is divided into parallel individual valves and the air closure member is divided into parallel sub-members with a discharge stage of 2 n , the fuel is led directly to the burner.

Demgemäß liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so weiterzubilden, daß sie in Abhängigkeit von dem jeweiligen Wärmebedarf auf unterschiedliche Heizleistungen einstellbar ist, ohne daß die optimale Einstellung der Verbrennungsbedingungen verloren geht und ohne daß zum Aufrechterhalten dieser optimalen Bedingungen komplizierte Regeleinrichtungen erforderlich sind.Accordingly, the invention has for its object to develop a device of the type mentioned so that it can be adjusted to different heating capacities depending on the respective heat requirements, without losing the optimal setting of the combustion conditions and without complicated control devices to maintain these optimal conditions required are.

Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß dem den Strömungssensor und die Mündung der Brennstoffleitung enthaltenden Abschnitt der Hauptleitung wenigstens eine den Brenner mit einer Lufteintrittsöffnung verbindenden Nebenleitung parallel geschaltet ist, in die eine weitere Brennstoffleitung mündet, über die der Nebenleitung eine vorgegebene, zeitlich konstante Brennstoffmenge zugeführt wird, die zu der der Hauptleitung zugeführten Brennstoffmenge in einem Verhältnis steht, das dem Verhältnis der durch die Haupt- und die Nebenleitung geförderten Luftmengen gleich ist, und daß die Nebenleitung und die ihr zugeordnete weitere Brennstoffleitung wahlweise zuschaltbar und absperrbar sind.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the section of the main line containing the flow sensor and the outlet of the fuel line is connected in parallel to at least one secondary line connecting the burner with an air inlet opening, into which another fuel line opens, via which the secondary line has a predetermined time constant amount of fuel is supplied, which is in a ratio to the amount of fuel supplied to the main line, which is the same as the ratio of the amounts of air conveyed through the main line and the secondary line, and that the secondary line and the further fuel line assigned to it are optionally connectable and lockable.

Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung erlaubt es, die Heizleistung durch Zu- bzw. Abschalten einer oder mehrerer Nebenleitungen zu verändern, ohne daß irgendwelche Änderungen an der Einstellung der Regeleinrichtung erforderlich sind. Wird nämlich beispielsweise bei der gerade herrschenden Gebläseleistung eine Nebenleitung zugeschaltet, so verteilt sich die von dem Gebläse geförderte Luftmenge auf Haupt- und Nebenleitung, so daß die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in der Hauptleitung abfällt. Auf diesen Abfall der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit spricht der in der Hauptleitung angeordnete Strömungssensor an, der über die Regeleinrichtung eine Erhöhung der Förderleistung des Gebläses bewirkt, bis die Luft in der Hauptleitung ungeachtet der durch die erhöhte Heizleistung veränderten Strömungsbedingungen wieder die vorgegebene Strömungsgeschwindigkeit hat. Wenn sich in der Hauptleitung die vorgegebenen Verhältnisse wieder eingestellt haben, wird durch die Nebenleitung eine zusätzliche Luftmenge mit der entsprechend dosierten Brennstoffmenge gefördert, die dem Querschnitt der Nebenleitung im Verhältnis zum Querschnitt der Hauptleitung entspricht, ohne daß besondere Regeleinrichtungen für die Nebenleitung erforderlich wären. Beim Abschalten der Nebenleitung tritt eine entsprechende Verminderung der geförderten Luft- und Brennstoffmenge und damit der Heizleistung ein.The device according to the invention makes it possible to change the heating power by switching one or more secondary lines on or off without any changes to the setting of the control device being necessary. If, for example, a secondary line is switched on for the current blower output, the amount of air conveyed by the blower is distributed over the main line and secondary line, so that the flow velocity in the main line drops. The one arranged in the main line responds to this drop in the flow velocity Flow sensor on, which causes an increase in the delivery rate of the blower via the control device until the air in the main line again has the predetermined flow rate regardless of the flow conditions changed by the increased heating power. When the specified conditions have been restored in the main line, an additional amount of air is conveyed through the secondary line with the correspondingly metered amount of fuel, which corresponds to the cross section of the secondary line in relation to the cross section of the main line, without special control devices for the secondary line being required. When the secondary line is switched off, there is a corresponding reduction in the amount of air and fuel conveyed and thus in the heating output.

Es ist ohne weiteres ersichtlich, daß auf diese sehr einfache Weise eine stufenweise Erhöhung der Heizleistung möglich ist, beispielsweise beim Übergang vom normalen Heizbetrieb auf Warmwasserbereitung und umgekehrt. Es ist auch ersichtlich, daß durch die Anordnung mehrerer Nebenleitungen, die wahlweise zuschaltbar sind, eine Änderung der Heizleistung in mehreren Stufen möglich ist. Dabei ergibt sich eine besonders einfache Ausbildung eines Wärmeerzeugers mit einer solchen Einrichtung dann, wenn die Haupt- und die Nebenleitungen mit ungedrosselten Lufteintrittsöffnungen oder einer gemeinsamen Eingangsleitung in Verbindung stehen und sich die zugeführten Brennstoffmengen wie die Querschnitte der Haupt- und der Nebenleitung verhalten. Um in einem solchen Falle Störungen durch eine schlagartige Änderung der Brennstoff-Zufuhr zu vermeiden, sieht eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung vor, daß die Verstellgeschwindigkeit von in der Nebenleitung und in der weiteren Brennstoffleitung angeordneten Absperrorganen an die Änderungsgeschwindigkeit der Gebläseleistung angepaßt ist, so daß auch beim Übergang von der einen Leistungsstufe zur anderen das Brennstoff/Luft-Verhältnis im wesentlichen ungestört erhalten bleibt.It can easily be seen that in this very simple way a gradual increase in the heating output is possible, for example during the transition from normal heating operation to hot water generation and vice versa. It can also be seen that the arrangement of several secondary lines, which can be optionally switched on, makes it possible to change the heating output in several stages. This results in a particularly simple design of a heat generator with such a device when the main and secondary lines are connected to unthrottled air inlet openings or a common input line and the amounts of fuel supplied behave like the cross sections of the main and secondary lines. In order to avoid malfunctions caused by a sudden change in the fuel supply in such a case, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the adjustment speed of in the secondary line and in the further fuel line Arranged shut-off devices is adapted to the rate of change of the blower power, so that the fuel / air ratio remains essentially undisturbed even during the transition from one power level to the other.

Es ist weiterhin ersichtlich, daß die Erfindung auch die Möglichkeit bietet, eine stetige Regelung der Heizleistung vorzunehmen, indem der Durchsatz der Nebenleitung und entsprechend der weiteren Brennstoffleitung stetig veränderbar ist. Dabei muß natürlich dafür Sorge getragen werden, daß die der Nebenleitung zugeführte Brennstoffmenge im gleichen Verhältnis zu der der Hauptleitung zugeführten Brennstoffmenge steht wie der freigegebene Querschnitt der Nebenleitung zum Querschnitt der Hauptleitung, damit in der Nebenleitung das gleiche Brennstoff/Luft-Verhältnis herrscht wie in der Hauptleitung.It can also be seen that the invention also offers the possibility of continuously regulating the heating power by continuously changing the throughput of the secondary line and, corresponding to the further fuel line. It must of course be ensured that the amount of fuel supplied to the secondary line is in the same ratio to the amount of fuel supplied to the main line as the released cross section of the secondary line to the cross section of the main line, so that the same fuel / air ratio prevails in the secondary line Main line.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn das Gebläse in einer an den Wärmeerzeuger angeschlossenden Rauchgasleitung angeordnet ist, weil dann das Gebläse die Strömungsverhältnisse in der Hauptleitung nicht unmittelbar beeinflussen kann. Ein am Eingangsende der Leitungen angeordnetes Gebläse könnte nämlich die Verteilung der Luftströmung in der Hauptleitung und damit am Ort des Strömungssensors beeinflussen und damit zu Regelfehlern führen.In the device according to the invention, it is particularly advantageous if the fan is arranged in a flue gas line connected to the heat generator, because then the fan cannot directly influence the flow conditions in the main line. A fan arranged at the inlet end of the lines could in fact influence the distribution of the air flow in the main line and thus at the location of the flow sensor and thus lead to control errors.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand des in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher beschrieben und erläutert. Die der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung zu entnehmenden Merkmale können bei anderen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung einzeln für sich oder in beliebiger Kombination Anwendung finden. Die Zeichnung zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Wärmeerzeugers mit einer nach der Erfindung ausgebildeten Einrichtung zur Leistungsregelung.The invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawing. The features to be extracted from the description and the drawing can be used in other embodiments of the Invention can be used individually or in any combination. The drawing shows a schematic representation of a heat generator with a device for power control designed according to the invention.

Der in der Zeichnung dargestellte Wärmeerzeuger weist einen Brenner 1 auf, dem über eine Hauptleitung 2 ein Gas/Luft-Gemisch zugeführt wird. Der Brenner 1 befindet sich innerhalb eines Kesselgehäuses 3, das auch den Wärmetauscher 4 einer Heizungsanlage umschließt. Das Kesselgehäuse 3 ist mit einem Abzug 5 für die Rauchgase versehen, in dem sich ein von einem Motor 6 angetriebenes Gebläse 7 befindet. Die Hauptleitung 2 verbindet den Brenner 1 mit einer Lufteintrittsöffnung 8. In die Hauptleitung 2 ragen weiterhin ein Temperatursensor 9 und ein Strömungssensor 10 hinein. Die Ausgangssignale dieser Sensoren 9, 10 werden einer Regeleinrichtung 11 zugeführt. Im Bereich zwischen den Sensoren 9, 10 und dem Brenner 1 mündet in die Hauptleitung 2 eine Brennstoffleitung 13, die der Hauptleitung als Brennstoff Gas zuführt. In der Brennstoffleitung 13 befinden sich in der Strömungsrichtung des Gases hintereinander ein Gasdruckregler 14 und ein Ventil 15, so daß der Hauptleitung 2 eine vorgegebene Gasmenge zugeführt wird. Um optimale Verbrennungsverhältnisse zu haben, gehört zu der vorgegebenen Gasmenge eine genau bestimmte Luftmenge. Die Zufuhr der richtigen Luftmenge wird durch den Strömungssensor 10 überwacht, dessen Ausgangssignal für die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Luft in der Hauptleitung 2 charakteristisch ist. Die auf diese Weise festgestellte Luftmenge ist noch von verschiedenen Einflußgrößen abhängig, insbesondere von der Temperatur, die von dem Temperatursensor 9 festgestellt wird. Die Regeleinrichtung 11 steuert in Abhängigkeit von den Ausgangssignalen des Temperatursensors 9 und des Strömungssensors 10 die Drehzahl des zum Antrieb des Gebläses 7 dienenden Motors 6 in solcher Weise, daß in der Hauptleitung 2 die zur Zufuhr der richtigen Luftmenge erforderliche Strömungsgeschwindigkeit herrscht. Damit ist auf sehr einfache Weise gewährleistet, daß optimale Verbrennungsbedingungen für das dem Brenner 1 zugeführte Gas vorliegen.The heat generator shown in the drawing has a burner 1, to which a gas / air mixture is supplied via a main line 2. The burner 1 is located within a boiler housing 3, which also encloses the heat exchanger 4 of a heating system. The boiler housing 3 is provided with a vent 5 for the flue gases, in which there is a fan 7 driven by a motor 6. The main line 2 connects the burner 1 to an air inlet opening 8. A temperature sensor 9 and a flow sensor 10 also protrude into the main line 2. The output signals of these sensors 9, 10 are fed to a control device 11. In the area between the sensors 9, 10 and the burner 1, a fuel line 13 opens into the main line 2 and supplies gas to the main line as fuel. A gas pressure regulator 14 and a valve 15 are located one behind the other in the fuel line 13 in the direction of flow of the gas, so that the main line 2 is supplied with a predetermined amount of gas. In order to have optimal combustion conditions, the specified amount of gas includes a precisely determined amount of air. The supply of the correct amount of air is monitored by the flow sensor 10, the output signal of which is characteristic of the flow velocity of the air in the main line 2. The amount of air determined in this way is still dependent on various influencing variables, in particular on the temperature, which is determined by the temperature sensor 9. The control device 11 controls as a function of the output signals of the temperature sensor 9 and the flow sensor 10, the speed of the motor 6 used to drive the fan 7 in such a way that the flow rate required to supply the correct amount of air prevails in the main line 2. This ensures in a very simple manner that optimal combustion conditions are present for the gas supplied to the burner 1.

Der Hauptleitung 2 ist eine Nebenleitung 21 parallel geschaltet, die in die Haupleitung 2 im Bereich zwischen der Einmündung der Brennstoffleitung 13 und dem Brenner 1 mündet. Ähnlich wie die Hauptleitung 2 hat auch die Nebenleitung 21 ein als Lufteintrittsöffnung 22 dienendes, offenes Ende. In der Praxis werden allerdings beide Leitungen meistens an eine gemeinsame Zuluftleitung angeschlossen sein. Ähnlich wie in die Hauptleitung 2 mündet auch in die Nebenleitung 21 eine Brennstoffleitung 23, die von der in die Hauptleitung 2 mündenden Brennstoffleitung 13 abzweigt. In dieser Brennstoffleitung 23 befindet sich ein Absperrventil 24. Auch in der Nebenleitung 21 befindet sich ein Absperrventil 25. Die Absperrventile 24 und 25 sind mit einem gemeinsamen Stellmotor 26 verbunden, der bei Bedarf das gemeinsamen Stellmotor 26 verbunden, der bei Bedarf das gemeinsame Öffnen bzw. Schließen der Absperrventile 24, 25 bewirkt.A secondary line 21 is connected in parallel with the main line 2 and opens into the main line 2 in the area between the confluence of the fuel line 13 and the burner 1. Similar to the main line 2, the secondary line 21 also has an open end serving as an air inlet opening 22. In practice, however, both lines will mostly be connected to a common supply air line. Similar to the main line 2, a fuel line 23 also opens into the secondary line 21 and branches off from the fuel line 13 opening into the main line 2. A shut-off valve 24 is located in this fuel line 23. A shut-off valve 25 is also located in the secondary line 21. The shut-off valves 24 and 25 are connected to a common servomotor 26 which, if necessary, connects the common servomotor 26, which, if necessary, opens or opens the valve jointly Closing the shut-off valves 24, 25 causes.

Es ist ersichtlich, daß die Nebenleitung 21 ohne Einfluß ist, solange die Absperrventile 24, 25 geschlossen sind. Werden die Ventile 24, 25 geöffnet, so verteilt sich die von dem Gebläse 7 geförderte Luft auf die Hauptleitung 2 und die Nebenleitung 21 im Verhältnis der Querschnitte dieser Leitungen, da diese Querschnitte den Strömungswiderstand bestimmen. Demgemäß sinkt die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Luft in der Hauptleitung 2 ab, worauf der Strömungssensor 10 anspricht. Das der Regeleinrichtung 11 vom Strömungssensor 10 zugeführte Signal veranlaßt daher die Regeleinrichtung, die Drehzahl des Motors 6 und damit die Leistung des Gebläses 7 zu erhöhen, bis in der Hauptleitung wiederum die vorgegebene Strömungsgeschwindigkeit herrscht. Die Leistungserhöhung des Gebläses wird dabei erheblich größer sein müssen als es der zusätzlichen Fördermenge entspricht, weil der Durchsatzwiderstand des Wärmeerzeugers mit steigender Heizleistung zunimmt. Infolge der Regelung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Luft in der Hauptleitung bleiben diese Größen jedoch ohne direkten Einfluß. Wenn die vorgegebene Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in der Hauptleitung wieder erreicht ist, hat sich die dem Brenner 1 zugeführte Gesamtluftmenge entsprechend dem Verhältnis der Querschnitte von Haupt- und Nebenleitung vergrößert. Über die Brennstoffleitung 23 wird der Nebenleitung 21 eine konstante Gasmenge zugeführt, die zu der der Hauptleitung 2 zugeführten Gasmenge in dem gleichen Verhältnis steht wie die durch die beiden Leitungen geförderten Luftmengen. Damit ergibt sich automatisch auch für die Nebenleitung das richtige Brennstoff/Luft-Verhältnis, obwohl dieses Verhältnis nur in der Hauptleitung überwacht wird. Es läßt sich daher durch Zu- und Abschalten der Nebenleitung die Leistung des Brenners 1 sprunghaft um den Betrag vergrößern bzw. verkleinern, der der Energie des über die Nebenleitung 21 zugeführten Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisches entspricht. Dabei werden ohne zusätzlichen Regelaufwand in beiden Leistungsstufen optimale Verbrennungsverhältnisse gewährleistet.It can be seen that the secondary line 21 has no influence as long as the shut-off valves 24, 25 are closed. If the valves 24, 25 are opened, the air conveyed by the blower 7 is distributed over the main line 2 and the secondary line 21 in the ratio of the cross sections of these lines, since these cross sections determine the flow resistance. Accordingly, the flow rate decreases Air in the main line 2, to which the flow sensor 10 responds. The signal supplied to the control device 11 by the flow sensor 10 therefore causes the control device to increase the speed of the motor 6 and thus the power of the fan 7 until the predetermined flow rate again prevails in the main line. The increase in performance of the blower will have to be considerably greater than it corresponds to the additional delivery rate, because the throughput resistance of the heat generator increases with increasing heating output. As a result of the regulation of the flow velocity of the air in the main line, these variables remain without direct influence. When the predetermined flow velocity in the main line is reached again, the total amount of air supplied to the burner 1 has increased in accordance with the ratio of the cross sections of the main line and the secondary line. Via the fuel line 23, a constant amount of gas is fed to the secondary line 21, which is in the same ratio to the amount of gas supplied to the main line 2 as the air volumes conveyed through the two lines. This automatically results in the correct fuel / air ratio for the secondary line, although this ratio is only monitored in the main line. Therefore, by switching the secondary line on and off, the output of the burner 1 can be increased or decreased suddenly by the amount which corresponds to the energy of the fuel / air mixture supplied via the secondary line 21. Optimal combustion conditions are guaranteed in both power levels without additional control effort.

Allerdings kann sich in der Übergangsphase beim Öffnen oder Schließen der Nebenleitung ein ungünstiger Betriebszustand einstellen, weil nach dem Öffnen der Absperrventile 24, 25 die Brennstoffzufuhr durch Öffnen der Brennstoffleitung 23 plötzlich erhöht wird, der Motor aber eine gewisse Zeit braucht, bis er seine erhöhte Leistung erreicht hat, so daß zunächst die zugeführte Menge an Verbrennungsluft zu gering ist. Umgekehrt würde beim Abschalten der Nebenleitung die Brennstoffmenge plötzlich verringert, ohne daß sofort die Luftmenge entsprechend reduziert wird, so daß dann mit einem großen Luftüberschuß gearbeitet würde. In beiden Fällen könnte es zu einem Erlöschen der Flammen kommen, so daß der Brenner in üblicher Weise auf Störung gehen würde. Solche Störungen treten allerdings dann nicht auf, wenn der Brenner intermittierend betrieben wird und Veränderungen des Betriebszustandes stets in den Abschaltpausen vorgenommen werden, so daß der Brenner jeweils mit einem vorgegebenen, definierten Leistungszustand anfährt. Es ist jedoch auch ein Übergang von dem einen Leistungszustand zu dem anderen dann problemlos möglich, wenn das Öffnen bzw. Schließen der Absperrventile 24, 25 mittels des Motors 26 etwa mit der gleichen Geschwindigkeit stattfindet wie die Drehzahländerung des das Gebläse 7 antreibenden Motors 6, so daß auch während der Umschaltphase das optimale Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch erhalten bleibt.However, in the transition phase when opening or closing the secondary line, an unfavorable operating state can arise because, after opening the shut-off valves 24, 25, the fuel supply is suddenly increased by opening the fuel line 23, but the engine needs a certain amount of time until it achieves its increased output has reached, so that initially the amount of combustion air supplied is too small. Conversely, when the secondary line is switched off, the amount of fuel would suddenly be reduced without immediately reducing the amount of air accordingly, so that a large excess of air would then be used. In both cases, the flames could go out, causing the burner to malfunction in the usual way. Such malfunctions do not occur, however, when the burner is operated intermittently and changes in the operating state are always made during the switch-off pauses, so that the burner always starts with a predetermined, defined performance state. However, a transition from one performance state to the other is also possible without any problems if the opening or closing of the shut-off valves 24, 25 by means of the motor 26 takes place at approximately the same speed as the speed change of the motor 6 driving the fan 7, so that the optimal fuel / air mixture is maintained even during the switchover phase.

Es ist ersichtlich, daß die Erfindung nicht auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt ist, sondern Abweichungen davon möglich sind, ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zu verlassen. So besteht die Möglichkeit, nicht nur eine, sondern auch zwei und mehr Nebenleitungen vorzusehen, die in beliebiger Anzahl zu- und abgeschaltet werden können, um unterschiedliche Leistungsstufen des Wärmeerzeugers einzustellen. In allen Fällen ist die Überwachung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Luft in der Hauptleitung 2 ausreichend, um optimale Verbrennungsverhältnisse einzuhalten, da sich in allen offenen Parallelleitungen genau das gleiche Brennstoff/Luft-Verhältnis einstellt wie in der Hauptleitung. Dabei ist noch von besonderem Vorteil, daß bei einem nach der Erfindung ausgebildeten Wärmeerzeuger keine sehr hohen Anforderungen an die Dichtigkeit der Absperrventile für die Nebenleitungen gestellt zu werden brauchen, da die Nebenleitungen stets einem von dem Gebläse 7 erzeugten Unterdruck ausgesetzt sind, so daß etwaige Leckgasmengen stets dem Brenner 1 zugeführt werden und keine gefährlichen Gemische bilden können. Es ist auch ersichtlich, daß die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung des Wärmeerzeugers die Erstellung von Kesseln ermöglicht, deren Heizleistung nicht nur beispielsweise unterschiedlichen Wetterbedingungen anpaßbar ist, sondern die auch zu- und abschaltbare Verbraucher mit ggf. getrennten Wärmetauschern haben können, wie beispielsweise Wärmetauscher für ein oder mehrere getrennte Heizungskreisläufe sowie für einen oder mehrere Einrichtungen zur Warmwasserbereitung, sei es im Speicherverfahren oder im Durchlaufverfahren.It can be seen that the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown, but deviations from it are possible without leaving the scope of the invention. It is therefore possible to provide not only one, but also two and more secondary lines, which can be switched on and off in any number in order to set different power levels of the heat generator. In all cases, the monitoring of the flow velocity of the air in the main line 2 is sufficient to maintain optimal combustion conditions, since exactly the same fuel / air ratio is established in all open parallel lines as in the main line. It is also of particular advantage that in a heat generator designed according to the invention, no very high demands are made on the tightness of the shut-off valves for the secondary lines, since the secondary lines are always exposed to a negative pressure generated by the blower 7, so that any leakage gas quantities are always fed to the burner 1 and cannot form dangerous mixtures. It can also be seen that the design of the heat generator according to the invention enables the creation of boilers whose heating output is not only adaptable, for example, to different weather conditions, but which can also have consumers that can be switched on and off, with possibly separate heat exchangers, such as heat exchangers for one or more separate heating circuits as well as for one or more facilities for water heating, be it in the storage process or in the continuous process.

Claims (5)

  1. Device for the power regulation of fuel-powered, in particular gas-powered, heat generators, having a burner (1), a main pipe (2) connecting the burner (1) to an air inlet aperture (8), a flow sensor (10) located in the main pipe (2), a fuel pipe (13) which leads into the main pipe (2) in the area between the flow sensor (10) and the burner (1), and via which a preset, time-constant amount of fuel is supplied to the main pipe (2), a fan (7) which controls the air flow in the main pipe (2) and which is in operative connection with the main pipe (2), and a control device (11), which, in connection with the output signal of the flow sensor (10) and possibly with other dimensions which influence the optimum fuel-air ratio, controls the output of the fan (7), characterised in that there is connected in parallel to the section of the main pipe (2) which contains the flow sensor (10) and the aperture of the fuel pipe (13), at least one secondary pipe (21) connected parallel thereto, which connects the burner (1) to an air inlet aperture, and into which a further fuel pipe (23) leads, which supplies a preset, time-constant amount of fuel to the secondary pipe (21), which is in a ratio to the amount of fuel supplied to the main pipe (2) such that the ratio of the amounts of air supplied through the main and secondary pipes is identical, and in that the secondary pipe (21) and the further fuel pipe (23) associated therewith may be switched and blocked as required.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the main and secondary pipes (2, 21) are connected to non-throttled air inlet apertures (8, 22) or to a common inlet pipe and the amounts of fuel are supplied in proportion to the cross-sections of the main and secondary pipes.
  3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the speed of adjustment of the blocking devices (25, 24) that are located in the secondary pipe (21) and in the further fuel pipe (23), is adapted to the speed of adjustment of the fan output.
  4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the throughput of the secondary pipe (21) is constantly adjustable in accordance with the further fuel pipe (23).
  5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the fan (7) is located in a flue gas pipe (5) connected to the burner (1).
EP87117963A 1987-01-02 1987-12-04 Power regulation apparatus for a fuel-heated generator Expired - Lifetime EP0275439B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87117963T ATE73533T1 (en) 1987-01-02 1987-12-04 DEVICE FOR POWER CONTROL OF FUEL-FIRED HEAT GENERATORS.

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DE19873700084 DE3700084A1 (en) 1987-01-02 1987-01-02 DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE POWER OF FUEL-FIRED HEAT GENERATORS
DE3700084 1987-01-02

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EP0275439A1 EP0275439A1 (en) 1988-07-27
EP0275439B1 true EP0275439B1 (en) 1992-03-11

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DE3011544C2 (en) * 1980-03-22 1983-05-19 Joh. Vaillant Gmbh U. Co, 5630 Remscheid Control of fuel and air supply to a fuel-heated heat source
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NL8102571A (en) * 1981-05-26 1982-12-16 Neom Bv Electronically-controlled boiler control system - regulates flow of fuel and air, and has safety cut=outs which operate in fault conditions
DE3132867A1 (en) * 1981-08-20 1983-03-03 Kraft Hausherr GmbH & Co KG, 4322 Sprockhövel Method and circuit arrangement for achieving a constant mixing ratio of fuel and combustion air in furnace arrangements
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US8839815B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2014-09-23 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic cycle counter
US8899264B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2014-12-02 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic proof of closure system
US8905063B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2014-12-09 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with fuel rate monitor
US8947242B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2015-02-03 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with valve leakage test
US9074770B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2015-07-07 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic valve proving system
US9557059B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2017-01-31 Honeywell International Inc Gas valve with communication link
US9234661B2 (en) 2012-09-15 2016-01-12 Honeywell International Inc. Burner control system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3700084A1 (en) 1988-07-28
EP0275439A1 (en) 1988-07-27
DE3700084C2 (en) 1991-03-21
DE3777380D1 (en) 1992-04-16
ATE73533T1 (en) 1992-03-15

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