EP0337041A1 - Protective panel and ballistic screen - Google Patents

Protective panel and ballistic screen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0337041A1
EP0337041A1 EP88400913A EP88400913A EP0337041A1 EP 0337041 A1 EP0337041 A1 EP 0337041A1 EP 88400913 A EP88400913 A EP 88400913A EP 88400913 A EP88400913 A EP 88400913A EP 0337041 A1 EP0337041 A1 EP 0337041A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
layers
protective panel
panel
bars
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Application number
EP88400913A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Walter Gérard Goeury
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Europeenne D'emballages Speciaux (sa) Cie
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Europeenne D'emballages Speciaux (sa) Cie
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Publication of EP0337041A1 publication Critical patent/EP0337041A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0492—Layered armour containing hard elements, e.g. plates, spheres, rods, separated from each other, the elements being connected to a further flexible layer or being embedded in a plastics or an elastomer matrix
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/911—Penetration resistant layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31598—Next to silicon-containing [silicone, cement, etc.] layer
    • Y10T428/31601—Quartz or glass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31605—Next to free metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a protective screen, and in particular a ballistic screen, intended in particular, but not exclusively, to allow the shielding of bodies, envelopes, protective screens, and in particular the shielding of so-called thin sheets such as those which are used in the civil industry for the lining of doors or the realization of automobile bodies.
  • sintered industrial ceramics which can be based on alumina or silica which breaks the core, so that the latter, immediately after penetration, is no longer pointed, but chipped, or even disintegrated into several pieces. It is then possible to stop such a core by a layer of composite shielding like Antigun (Trademark) or any other light shielding.
  • the problem which arises and which is resolved by the present invention is that of the cohesion of composite panels comprising ceramic and either stainless steel, or aluminum, or a panel of the Antigun type.
  • Adhesives are known which allow different layers to be brought together with suitable adhesion.
  • a violent shock such as a shot
  • the shock wave produced reaches a speed of the order of 9000 m / sec, when the speed of the projectile is 800 m / sec.
  • There is a correlative variation in volume which, independently of any mechanical effect, causes the adhesive layer to burst when it is hard, which leads to delamination of the layers and, possibly, the fall of the outer layer when it this consists of ceramic tiles.
  • the ceramic tiles adjacent to the tile having received the projectile fall or are cracked, which leads to the use of an external retaining or protective layer, the tiles being held after a projectile impact only by the retaining layer.
  • FR-A-2,565,162 describes a low temperature laminable polyurethane intended to bond two transparent layers such as glass and polycarbonate.
  • DE-A-2 344 277 relates to a bullet-proof vest comprising multilayer plates comprising a metallic layer and a layer of mineral material joined by an elastomeric layer of the rubber, polyurethane, PVC, etc. type.
  • this layer is only to distribute the energy and not to bond the layers, the elastomer layer and the metal layer of the bottom being linked, for example by bonding.
  • the structure of the materials used for the shielding makes them difficult to stick and very often does not hold on their support, in particular on aluminum, on stainless steel, or on composite materials, only by a suction cup effect.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback and to allow the construction of panels resistant to very close intensive fire.
  • the multilayer protection panel is characterized in that the different layers are bonded using an aliphatic polyurethane whose Shore A hardness is 75, and whose softening point is 125 °.
  • the adhesive layer or layers should be relatively flexible to avoid any detachment after impact.
  • the polyurethane is chosen from the class of polyethers.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing panels, characterized in that it consists in heating, inside an oven, the different layers of the panel, for a period of the order of 45 minutes, at a temperature between 150 and 200 ° until the edges of the polyether take on an amber color, then pass the assembly under press with a pressure of 2 to 10 bars, and allow the assembly to cool with outdoors.
  • the temperature increase is carried out gradually.
  • the existence of air bubbles in the polyether layer does not preclude obtaining a good bonding, so that it is not necessary to work under vacuum.
  • the adhesive used is included against the layers to be joined, in the form of a plastic film of between 0.38 m / m and 1.2 m / m which, during the heating operation, will melt and spread over the entire surface and possibly in the interstices formed in particular by ceramic tiles. Pressing ensures the final cohesion of the different layers.
  • This panel is formed from bottom to top by a layer 1 of aluminum, joined by a layer 2 of adhesive on a panel 3 of composite material known under the registered trademark "ANTIGUN", as described in patent FR-A-2 459 956, and composed of a light core surrounded by fibrous layers, for example based on aramides embedded in a polyester resin.
  • the Antigun panel supports, via a layer of glue 4 of polyether resin, ceramic tiles 5. As indicated in the figure, the tiles 5 can be surmounted by a light layer 6 of camouflage. Contrary to what happened in the prior art, this layer is not necessary mechanically for resistance to projectiles, but simply has the purpose of concealing the structure of the material.

Abstract

According to the invention, the layers (1) of aluminium, (3) of laminated composite, (5) of ceramic, are joined together by an aliphatic polyurethane polyether resin (2, 4) of Shore A hardness of the order of 75 and whose softening point is 125 DEG . Applications: especially ballistic screens. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un écran de protection, et notamment un écran balistique, destiné en particulier, mais non exclusivement, à permettre le blindage de carrosseries, enveloppes, écrans de protection, et notamment le blindage de tôles dites minces telles que celles qui sont utilisées dans l'industrie civile pour le doublage des portes ou la réalisation de carrosseries automobiles.The present invention relates to a protective screen, and in particular a ballistic screen, intended in particular, but not exclusively, to allow the shielding of bodies, envelopes, protective screens, and in particular the shielding of so-called thin sheets such as those which are used in the civil industry for the lining of doors or the realization of automobile bodies.

On a déjà proposé toute une gamme de solutions au problème du blindage des carrosseries, mais elles présentent toutes simultanément un inconvénient majeur : elles font appel à des matériaux lourds, épais, le plus souvent métalliques, ce qui rend ce type d'opération souvent impossible, par exemple sur des véhicules civils dont les structures et la puissance sont insuffisants pour supporter le poids de tels blindages.We have already proposed a whole range of solutions to the problem of shielding bodywork, but they all simultaneously present a major drawback: they use heavy, thick materials, most often metallic, which makes this type of operation often impossible. , for example on civil vehicles whose structures and power are insufficient to support the weight of such armor.

Dans le cas de munitions perforantes (c'est-à-dire comprenant un noyau de tungstène extrêmement pointu recouvert d'un alliage de plomb, lui-même recouvert de laiton), l'épaisseur de matériau à mettre en oeuvre est prohibitive.In the case of perforating ammunition (that is to say comprising an extremely pointed tungsten core covered with a lead alloy, itself covered with brass), the thickness of material to be used is prohibitive.

Afin de pouvoir arrêter un projectile perforant, il est connu d'utiliser des céramiques industrielles frittées, qui peuvent être à base d'alumine ou de silice laquelle casse le noyau, de sorte que celui-ci, aussitôt après pénétration, n'est plus pointu, mais écorné, ou encore désintégré en plusieurs morceaux. Il est alors possible d'arrêter un tel noyau par une couche de blindage composite genre Antigun (Marque déposée) ou tout autre blindage léger.In order to be able to stop a piercing projectile, it is known to use sintered industrial ceramics, which can be based on alumina or silica which breaks the core, so that the latter, immediately after penetration, is no longer pointed, but chipped, or even disintegrated into several pieces. It is then possible to stop such a core by a layer of composite shielding like Antigun (Trademark) or any other light shielding.

Mais, le problème qui se pose et qui est résolu par la présente invention est celui de la cohésion de panneaux composites comprenant de la céramique et soit de l'acier inoxydable, soit de l'aluminium, soit un panneau du genre Antigun.However, the problem which arises and which is resolved by the present invention is that of the cohesion of composite panels comprising ceramic and either stainless steel, or aluminum, or a panel of the Antigun type.

On connaît des colles qui permettent de réunir différentes couches avec une adhérence convenable. Cependant, en cas de choc violent tel qu'un tir, il s'est avéré que les différentes strates se décollaient les unes des autres. En effet, dans le cas de l'impact d'un projectile, l'onde de choc produite atteint une vitesse de l'ordre de 9000 m/sec, lorsque la vitesse du projectile est de 800 m/sec. Il se produit une variation de volume corrélative qui, indépendamment de tout effet mécanique, fait éclater la couche d'adhésif lorsque celle-ci est dure, ce qui entraîne la délamination des couches et, éventuellement, la chute de la couche extérieure lorsque celle-ci est constituée de carreaux de céramique. Il en résulte qu'après impact les carreaux de céramique voisins du carreau ayant reçu le projectile tombent ou sont fêlés, ce qui conduit à utiliser une couche de retenue ou de protection extérieure, les carreaux n'étant tenus après un impact de projectile que par la couche de retenue.Adhesives are known which allow different layers to be brought together with suitable adhesion. However, in the event of a violent shock such as a shot, it turned out that the different strata detached from each other. Indeed, in the case of the impact of a projectile, the shock wave produced reaches a speed of the order of 9000 m / sec, when the speed of the projectile is 800 m / sec. There is a correlative variation in volume which, independently of any mechanical effect, causes the adhesive layer to burst when it is hard, which leads to delamination of the layers and, possibly, the fall of the outer layer when it this consists of ceramic tiles. As a result, after impact, the ceramic tiles adjacent to the tile having received the projectile fall or are cracked, which leads to the use of an external retaining or protective layer, the tiles being held after a projectile impact only by the retaining layer.

FR-A-2 565 162 décrit un polyuréthane stratifiable à basse température destiné à coller deux couches transparentes telles que du verre et du polycarbonate.FR-A-2,565,162 describes a low temperature laminable polyurethane intended to bond two transparent layers such as glass and polycarbonate.

DE-A-2 344 277 se rapporte à un gilet pare-balles comprenant des plaques multicouches comprenant une couche métallique et une couche de matière minérale réunies par une couche élastomère du genre caoutchouc, polyuréthane, PVC, etc. Mais cette couche a seulement pour objet de répartir l'énergie et non pas de coller les couches, la couche élastomère et la couche métallique du fond étant liées, par exemple par un collage.DE-A-2 344 277 relates to a bullet-proof vest comprising multilayer plates comprising a metallic layer and a layer of mineral material joined by an elastomeric layer of the rubber, polyurethane, PVC, etc. type. However, the purpose of this layer is only to distribute the energy and not to bond the layers, the elastomer layer and the metal layer of the bottom being linked, for example by bonding.

D'une manière générale, la structure des matériaux utilisés pour le blindage fait que ceux-ci sont difficiles à coller et ne tiennent bien souvent sur leur support, notamment sur l'aluminium, sur l'acier inoxydable, ou sur les matériaux composites, que par un effet de ventouse.In general, the structure of the materials used for the shielding makes them difficult to stick and very often does not hold on their support, in particular on aluminum, on stainless steel, or on composite materials, only by a suction cup effect.

La présente invention a pour objet de remédier à cet inconvénient et de permettre la constitution de panneaux résistant à des tirs intensifs très rapprochés.The object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback and to allow the construction of panels resistant to very close intensive fire.

Selon la présente invention, le panneau de protection multicouches est caractérisé en ce que les différentes couches sont collées à l'aide d'un polyuréthane aliphatique dont la dureté Shore A est de 75, et dont le point de ramollissement est de 125°.According to the present invention, the multilayer protection panel is characterized in that the different layers are bonded using an aliphatic polyurethane whose Shore A hardness is 75, and whose softening point is 125 °.

On a en effet observé que dans le cas de panneaux balistiques, la ou les couches d'adhésif devaient être relativement souples pour éviter tout décollement après impact.It has in fact been observed that in the case of ballistic panels, the adhesive layer or layers should be relatively flexible to avoid any detachment after impact.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le polyuréthane est choisi dans la classe des polyéthers.According to another characteristic of the invention, the polyurethane is chosen from the class of polyethers.

Les caractéristiques physiques du polyéther-uréthane qui s'est avéré satisfaisant sont les suivantes : - Module de rupture 308 bars - Module d'élasticité sous une tension de 10% 1,3 bars - Module d'élasticité sous une tension de 100% 27 bars - Module d'élasticité sous une tension de 300% 62 bars - Allongement de rupture 500% - Plage de fusion 138-160°C - Densité 1.15 The physical characteristics of the polyether-urethane which have been found to be satisfactory are as follows: - Break module 308 bars - Modulus of elasticity under a tension of 10% 1.3 bars - Modulus of elasticity under a tension of 100% 27 bars - Modulus of elasticity under tension of 300% 62 bars - Elongation at break 500% - Melting range 138-160 ° C - Density 1.15

La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication de panneaux, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à chauffer, à l'intérieur d'une étuve, les différentes couches du panneau, pendant un délai de l'ordre de 45 minutes, à une température comprise entre 150 et 200° jusqu'à ce que les bords du polyéther prennent une teinte ambrée, puis à passer l'ensemble sous presse avec une pression de 2 à 10 bars, et à laisser refroidir l'ensemble à l'air libre. De préférence, l'augmentation de température est effectuée graduellement. L'existence de bulles d'air dans la couche de polyéther ne s'oppose pas à l'obtention d'un bon collage, de sorte qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de travailler sous vide.The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing panels, characterized in that it consists in heating, inside an oven, the different layers of the panel, for a period of the order of 45 minutes, at a temperature between 150 and 200 ° until the edges of the polyether take on an amber color, then pass the assembly under press with a pressure of 2 to 10 bars, and allow the assembly to cool with outdoors. Preferably, the temperature increase is carried out gradually. The existence of air bubbles in the polyether layer does not preclude obtaining a good bonding, so that it is not necessary to work under vacuum.

La colle utilisée est incluse contre les couches à réunir, sous forme d'un film plastique compris entre 0,38 m/m et 1,2 m/m qui, au cours de l'opération de chauffage, va fondre et se répandre sur toute la surface et éventuellement dans les interstices constitués notamment par les carreaux de céramique. Le passage sous presse assure la cohésion définitive des différentes couches.The adhesive used is included against the layers to be joined, in the form of a plastic film of between 0.38 m / m and 1.2 m / m which, during the heating operation, will melt and spread over the entire surface and possibly in the interstices formed in particular by ceramic tiles. Pressing ensures the final cohesion of the different layers.

On notera que, grâce à la souplesse relative de la colle, le choc résultant de l'impact d'un projectile sur un carreau est amorti de sorte que tous les morceaux du carreau brisé restent collés soit sur la couche inférieure, soit sur la couche intersticielle. De même, les carreaux adjacents ne subissent pas de dommages.It will be noted that, thanks to the relative flexibility of the adhesive, the shock resulting from the impact of a projectile on a tile is absorbed so that all the pieces of the broken tile remain glued either on the lower layer or on the layer interstitial. Similarly, the adjacent tiles are not damaged.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre d'un mode particulier de réalisation, donné uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard de la figure unique qui représente un panneau de blindage obtenu par le procédé selon l'invention.Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear during the description which follows of a particular embodiment, given solely by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the single figure which represents a shielding panel obtained. by the method according to the invention.

Ce panneau est constitué de bas en haut par une couche 1 d'aluminum, réunie par une couche 2 d'adhésif sur un panneau 3 de matériau composite connu sous la marque déposée ''ANTIGUN", tel que décrit dans le brevet FR-A-2 459 956, et composé d'une âme légère entourée de couches fibreuses par exemple à base d'aramides noyées dans une résine polyester. Le panneau Antigun supporte, par l'intermédiaire d'une couche de colle 4 en résine polyéther, des carreaux de céramique 5. Comme indiqué sur la figure, les carreaux 5 peuvent être surmontés par une couche légère 6 de camouflage. Contrairement à ce qui se passait dans la technique antérieure, cette couche n'est pas nécessaire mécaniquement à la résistance aux projectiles, mais a simplement pour but de dissimuler la structure du matériau.

Figure imgb0001
This panel is formed from bottom to top by a layer 1 of aluminum, joined by a layer 2 of adhesive on a panel 3 of composite material known under the registered trademark "ANTIGUN", as described in patent FR-A-2 459 956, and composed of a light core surrounded by fibrous layers, for example based on aramides embedded in a polyester resin. The Antigun panel supports, via a layer of glue 4 of polyether resin, ceramic tiles 5. As indicated in the figure, the tiles 5 can be surmounted by a light layer 6 of camouflage. Contrary to what happened in the prior art, this layer is not necessary mechanically for resistance to projectiles, but simply has the purpose of concealing the structure of the material.
Figure imgb0001

Il est ainsi possible selon l'invention de réaliser des collages acier / acier, acier / caoutchoucs ou matières similaires, acier / Teflon ou similaire, même dans le cas d'applications autres que la balistique, ce qui était pratiquement impossible précédemment.It is thus possible according to the invention to make steel / steel, steel / rubber or similar materials, steel / Teflon or similar bonding, even in the case of applications other than ballistics, which was practically impossible previously.

Claims (3)

1. Panneau composite de protection caractérisé en ce que ses différentes couches (1, 3, 5) sont réunies à l'aide d'une résine polyéther polyuréthane aliphatique dont la dureté Shore A est de l'ordre de 75 et dont le point de ramollissement est de 125°.1. Composite protection panel characterized in that its various layers (1, 3, 5) are joined together using an aliphatic polyether polyurethane resin whose Shore A hardness is of the order of 75 and whose point of softening is 125 °. 2. Panneau de protection selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste en une couche d'acier inoxydable ou d'aluminium (1), une couche de matériau composite (3), et une couche de carreaux de céramique (5).2. Protective panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of a layer of stainless steel or aluminum (1), a layer of composite material (3), and a layer of ceramic tiles (5 ). 3. Panneau de protection d'un panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à superposer les couches constituant le matériau à l'intérieur d'une étuve, à porter le matériau à une temmpérature comprise entre 150 et 200°, jusqu'à ce que la résine polyéther prenne une teinte ambrée, puis à presser les couches sous une pression de 2 à 10 bars, et à laisser refroidir à l'air.3. Protective panel of a panel according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it consists in superimposing the layers constituting the material inside an oven, in bringing the material to a temperature. between 150 and 200 °, until the polyether resin takes on an amber hue, then press the layers under a pressure of 2 to 10 bars, and allow to cool in air.
EP88400913A 1986-10-15 1988-04-15 Protective panel and ballistic screen Withdrawn EP0337041A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR868614298A FR2605267B1 (en) 1986-10-15 1986-10-15 PROTECTION PANEL AND PARTICULARLY BALLISTIC SCREEN

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EP0337041A1 true EP0337041A1 (en) 1989-10-18

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AT400349B (en) * 1994-01-28 1995-12-27 Weru Bouwelementen Bv Anti-bombardment door leaf
AT397U1 (en) * 1994-09-28 1995-09-25 Weru Bouwelementen Bv SECURITY DOOR
RU2707160C1 (en) * 2018-10-30 2019-11-22 Закрытое акционерное общество "Центр высокопрочных материалов "Армированные композиты" (ЗАО ЦВМ "Армированные композиты") Method of making an armor plating made of polymer composite materials and an armor plating made from polymer composite materials

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US4948673A (en) 1990-08-14
FR2605267B1 (en) 1989-06-30
FR2605267A1 (en) 1988-04-22

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