EP0784238A1 - Fixing of toner by gaseous hydrofluorocarbon compositions and said compositions - Google Patents

Fixing of toner by gaseous hydrofluorocarbon compositions and said compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0784238A1
EP0784238A1 EP96203702A EP96203702A EP0784238A1 EP 0784238 A1 EP0784238 A1 EP 0784238A1 EP 96203702 A EP96203702 A EP 96203702A EP 96203702 A EP96203702 A EP 96203702A EP 0784238 A1 EP0784238 A1 EP 0784238A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
fixing
fixing agent
toner
hydrofluorocarbon
compositions
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EP96203702A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0784238B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Barthelemy
Robert Putteman
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Solvay SA
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Solvay SA
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Priority to EP06125188A priority Critical patent/EP1760535A3/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G11/00—Selection of substances for use as fixing agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for fixing a toner in a document printing or reproduction apparatus and to compositions which can be used in this method.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons alone or mixed with other organic compounds, in the gaseous state, as chemical fixing agents of a toner to a recording medium in printing or reproduction apparatuses.
  • documents, devices in which the toner has previously been deposited on the recording medium for example by electrostatic means.
  • the fixing agent used must imperatively not present a flash point under the conditions of temperature and pressure prevailing in the printing or reproduction apparatus.
  • a conventional fixing agent consists of an azeotropic mixture of 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) and acetone, as proposed in patent US-A-4311723.
  • compositions are not entirely satisfactory, in particular because of their toxicity (HCFC-123), their non-zero ozone destruction potential (HCFC-123 and HCFC-141b) and / or their too long duration. atmospheric life (perfluorinated compounds).
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for fixing a toner in a document printing or reproduction apparatus which no longer has the drawbacks of known methods.
  • the invention therefore relates to a method of fixing a toner to a recording medium in a document printing or reproduction apparatus, by bringing the recording medium on which the toner is deposited into contact with an agent.
  • chemical fixative in the gaseous state which is characterized in that the fixative contains a C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon.
  • C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon is intended to denote saturated, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbons, consisting solely of carbon, fluorine and hydrogen, comprising from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one fluorine atom and at least one atom. hydrogen.
  • hydrofluorocarbons which can be used as fixing agent in the process according to the invention are the hydrofluoroalkanes of general formula C a H b F c , in which a is an integer from 3 to 5, b is an integer from 1 to ( a + 2) and c is an integer from a to (2a + 1). Hydrofluoroalkanes as defined above, containing 4 carbon atoms are preferred.
  • the hydrofluoroalkane of the fixing agent used in the process according to the invention can be selected from the compounds of crude formula C 3 H 3 F 5 , C 4 H 5 F 5 , C 4 H 4 F 6 and C 5 H 2 F 10 , such as 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ca), 1,1 , 1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc), 2-methyl-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-365mps), 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane (HFC-356mff), 1,1,1,2,2,4-hexafluorobutane (HFC-356mcf) and 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,6,6,6-decafluoropentane (HFC -4310mee). 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (
  • the fixing agent also contains a co-solvent.
  • co-solvent is meant an organic compound, or a mixture of several organic compounds, miscible with the hydrofluorocarbon in C3-C6 in weight proportions of 1: 100 to 1: 1.
  • Co-solvents which can be used in the fixing agents used in the process according to the invention include the C1-C3 alcohols (for example methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol); C3-C6 ketones (e.g.
  • C2-C8 esters formed from a carboxylic acid, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid or butyric acid, and an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or propanol; and C1-C3 chlorinated hydrocarbons (for example dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethylene-trans and 1,2-dichloroethylene-cis).
  • Ketones and esters are preferred co-solvents.
  • Esters are the most preferred co-solvents.
  • the ketones acetone is particularly preferred.
  • the esters ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, ethyl formate and methyl formate are preferred. Ethyl acetate is most particularly preferred.
  • the C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon content in the fixing agent is advantageously at least equal to 50%, preferably at least equal to 60%, of the total weight of the composition of fixing agent.
  • the fixing agent can consist solely of the C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon.
  • the C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon content does not exceed 98%, particularly preferably 96% and very particularly preferably 90% of the total weight of the composition of fixing agent.
  • the co-solvent content in the fixing agent used in the process according to the invention is advantageously at least equal to 2%, preferably at least equal to 4%, and in a particularly preferred manner at least equal to 10% , of the total weight of the fixing agent composition.
  • the co-solvent content does not generally exceed 40%, preferably 30% and particularly preferably 20%, of the total weight of the composition of fixing agent.
  • the fixing agent used in the process according to the invention may contain, in addition to the hydrofluorocarbon and the co-solvent, additives making it possible to improve the performance of the fixing process, in particular stabilizers, such as nitroalkanes (e.g. nitromethane or nitroethane) and epoxides (e.g. propylene oxide or butylene oxide).
  • additives making it possible to improve the performance of the fixing process, in particular stabilizers, such as nitroalkanes (e.g. nitromethane or nitroethane) and epoxides (e.g. propylene oxide or butylene oxide).
  • the contacting of the recording medium on which the toner is deposited with the gaseous chemical fixing agent can be carried out in any device driving the recording medium comprising the toner to be fixed in a chamber containing vapors of the fixing agent.
  • any device driving the recording medium comprising the toner to be fixed in a chamber containing vapors of the fixing agent Such devices are described for example in patent US-A-4,311,723 and in patent application EP-A-605,128.
  • the recording medium comprising the image formed by the toner passes through a fixing chamber, the atmosphere of which is saturated with vapors of the fixing agent, at a temperature of 50 to 100 ° C.
  • the fixing agent used causes the toner to be fixed very quickly to the recording medium, which allows a high printing or reproduction rate.
  • the recording medium comprising the toner to be fixed is brought into contact with the fixing agent for a period of 0.5 to 3 seconds.
  • the toners which can be fixed by the process according to the invention consist of finely divided, freely flowing particles, based on colored or pigmented thermoplastic resins, for example with carbon black, as described in particular in Kirk-Othmer - Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Ed., Vol. 9, pages 270-271, in the chapter relating to electrophotography.
  • the method according to the invention applies in particular to the fixing of powdered toners essentially consisting of a polymer matrix, such as for example a matrix based on polystyrene or polyester, and a pigment.
  • the process according to the invention in which the fixing agent contains a co-solvent is particularly well suited for fixing toners comprising a polymer matrix based on polyester.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to fix a toner to numerous recording media, in particular to paper, to transparent sheets of polymeric synthetic material and to natural or synthetic fabrics.
  • the fixing agent used in the process according to the invention does not generally alter the recording media usually used in the printing or reproduction processes using powdered toners.
  • the invention also relates to the compositions containing a C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon and a C2-C8 ester, corresponding to the fixing agents preferably used in the fixing process according to the invention.
  • a fixing agent consisting of 80% by weight of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) were placed. and 20% by weight of ethyl acetate, then the flask was immersed in a thermostatic bath maintained at 95 ° C, so as to completely vaporize the fixing agent in the flask. Then a paper strip was placed in the balloon for 2 seconds on which toner had previously been placed, comprising a polyester-based polymer matrix (type A2.5 - S26312-F497 from Siemens-Nixdorf). After this treatment, the toner was found to be firmly attached to the paper.
  • HFC-365mfc 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane
  • Example 1 was repeated, replacing the fixing agent with others.
  • the nature of the fixing agents used and the degree of fixing obtained are reported in Table I below.
  • Example Fixing agent (% weight) 9 HFC-365mfc / ethyl acetate (80/20) no flash point between -38 and 35 ° C 10 HFC-365mfc / acetone (80/20) no flash point between -38 and 35 ° C 11 HFC-365mfc / trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (70/30) no flash point between -30 and 40 ° C

Abstract

A process for the fixing of a toner onto a printed support in a document copying machine , by contact of the support onto which the toner is deposited with a chemical fixing agent in the valour state.The fixing agent is a 3 - 6C hydrofluorocarbon. Also claimed, are the compositions comprising the fixing agent.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de fixage d'un toner dans un appareil d'impression ou de reproduction de documents et à des compositions utilisables dans ce procédé.The present invention relates to a method for fixing a toner in a document printing or reproduction apparatus and to compositions which can be used in this method.

Il est connu d'utiliser des hydrocarbures halogénés, seuls ou mélangés à d'autres composés organiques, à l'état gazeux, comme agents fixateurs chimiques d'un toner à un support d'enregistrement dans des appareils d'impression ou de reproduction de documents, appareils dans lesquels le toner a été préalablement déposé sur le support d'enregistrement, par exemple par voie électrostatique. Il est manifeste que l'agent fixateur mis en oeuvre doit impérativement ne pas présenter de point éclair dans les conditions de température et de pression régnant dans les appareils d'impression ou de reproduction. Un agent fixateur classique est constitué d'un mélange azéotropique de 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroéthane (CFC- 113) et d'acétone, tel que proposé dans le brevet US-A-4311723. Toutefois, le CFC-113 étant suspecté d'un impact négatif sur la couche d'ozone stratosphérique, des réglementations internationales interdisent à terme son utilisation. Des agents fixateurs de remplacement ont déjà été proposés, notamment du 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroéthane (HCFC-123) ou du 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroéthane (HCFC-141b) (WO-A-93/10485), des compositions à base de composés perfluorés (EP-A-0465037), ainsi que des compositions à base de HCFC- 141b (EP-A-0605128). Ces compositions ne sont cependant pas totalement satisfaisantes, notamment en raison de leur toxicité (HCFC-123), de leur potentiel de destruction de l'ozone non nul (HCFC-123 et HCFC-141b) et/ou de leur trop longue durée de vie atmosphérique (composés perfluorés).It is known to use halogenated hydrocarbons, alone or mixed with other organic compounds, in the gaseous state, as chemical fixing agents of a toner to a recording medium in printing or reproduction apparatuses. documents, devices in which the toner has previously been deposited on the recording medium, for example by electrostatic means. It is obvious that the fixing agent used must imperatively not present a flash point under the conditions of temperature and pressure prevailing in the printing or reproduction apparatus. A conventional fixing agent consists of an azeotropic mixture of 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) and acetone, as proposed in patent US-A-4311723. However, as CFC-113 is suspected of having a negative impact on the stratospheric ozone layer, international regulations will eventually ban its use. Replacement fixing agents have already been proposed, in particular 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) or 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) (WO-A -93/10485), compositions based on perfluorinated compounds (EP-A-0465037), as well as compositions based on HCFC-141b (EP-A-0605128). However, these compositions are not entirely satisfactory, in particular because of their toxicity (HCFC-123), their non-zero ozone destruction potential (HCFC-123 and HCFC-141b) and / or their too long duration. atmospheric life (perfluorinated compounds).

La présente invention a pour but de fournir un procédé de fixage d'un toner dans un appareil d'impression ou de reproduction de documents qui ne présente plus les inconvénients des procédés connus.The object of the present invention is to provide a method for fixing a toner in a document printing or reproduction apparatus which no longer has the drawbacks of known methods.

L'invention concerne dès lors un procédé de fixage d'un toner à un support d'enregistrement dans un appareil d'impression ou de reproduction de documents, par mise en contact du support d'enregistrement sur lequel est déposé le toner avec un agent fixateur chimique à l'état gazeux, qui se caractérise en ce que l'agent fixateur contient un hydrofluorocarbure en C3-C6.The invention therefore relates to a method of fixing a toner to a recording medium in a document printing or reproduction apparatus, by bringing the recording medium on which the toner is deposited into contact with an agent. chemical fixative in the gaseous state, which is characterized in that the fixative contains a C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon.

Par hydrofluorocarbure en C3-C6, on entend désigner les hydrocarbures saturés, aliphatiques ou alicycliques, constitués uniquement de carbone, de fluor et d'hydrogène, comprenant de 3 à 6 atomes de carbone, au moins un atome de fluor et au moins un atome d'hydrogène. En particulier, des hydrofluorocarbures utilisables comme agent fixateur dans le procédé selon l'invention sont les hydrofluoroalcanes de formule générale CaHbFc, dans laquelle a est un nombre entier de 3 à 5, b est un nombre entier de 1 à (a+2) et c est un nombre entier de a à (2a+1). Les hydrofluoroalcanes tels que définis ci-dessus, contenant 4 atomes de carbone sont préférés. A titre d'exemple, l'hydrofluoroalcane de l'agent fixateur utilisé dans le procédé selon l'invention peut être sélectionné parmi les composés de formule brute C3H3F5, C4H5F5, C4H4F6 et C5H2F10, comme le 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), le 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ca), le 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc), le 2-méthyl-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-365mps), le 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane (HFC-356mff), le 1,1,1,2,2,4-hexafluorobutane (HFC-356mcf) et le 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,6,6,6-décafluoropentane (HFC-4310mee). Le 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane convient très bien. L'agent fixateur peut, en variante, comprendre un mélange d'hydrofluorocarbures en C3-C6 tels que définis plus haut.The term “C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon” is intended to denote saturated, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbons, consisting solely of carbon, fluorine and hydrogen, comprising from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one fluorine atom and at least one atom. hydrogen. In particular, hydrofluorocarbons which can be used as fixing agent in the process according to the invention are the hydrofluoroalkanes of general formula C a H b F c , in which a is an integer from 3 to 5, b is an integer from 1 to ( a + 2) and c is an integer from a to (2a + 1). Hydrofluoroalkanes as defined above, containing 4 carbon atoms are preferred. By way of example, the hydrofluoroalkane of the fixing agent used in the process according to the invention can be selected from the compounds of crude formula C 3 H 3 F 5 , C 4 H 5 F 5 , C 4 H 4 F 6 and C 5 H 2 F 10 , such as 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ca), 1,1 , 1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc), 2-methyl-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-365mps), 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane (HFC-356mff), 1,1,1,2,2,4-hexafluorobutane (HFC-356mcf) and 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,6,6,6-decafluoropentane (HFC -4310mee). 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane is very suitable. The fixing agent may, as a variant, comprise a mixture of C 3 -C 6 hydrofluorocarbons as defined above.

De préférence, l'agent fixateur contient également un co-solvant. Par co-solvant, on entend désigner un composé organique, ou un mélange de plusieurs composés organiques, miscible avec l'hydrofluorocarbure en C3-C6 dans des proportions pondérales de 1:100 à 1:1.Preferably, the fixing agent also contains a co-solvent. By co-solvent is meant an organic compound, or a mixture of several organic compounds, miscible with the hydrofluorocarbon in C3-C6 in weight proportions of 1: 100 to 1: 1.

Des co-solvants utilisables dans les agents fixateurs mis en oeuvre dans le procédé selon l'invention comprennent les alcools en C1-C3 (par exemple le méthanol, l'éthanol, le propanol, et l'isopropanol); les cétones en C3-C6 (par exemple l'acétone, la méthyléthylcétone, la méthylbutylcétone, la méthylisobutylcétone et la diéthylcétone); les esters en C2-C8, formés au départ d'un acide carboxylique, tel que l'acide formique, l'acide acétique, l'acide propionique ou l'acide butyrique, et d'un alcool tel que le méthanol, l'éthanol ou le propanol; et les hydrocarbures chlorés en C1-C3 (par exemple le dichlorométhane, le 1,2-dichloroéthylène-trans et le 1,2-dichloroéthylène-cis).Co-solvents which can be used in the fixing agents used in the process according to the invention include the C1-C3 alcohols (for example methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol); C3-C6 ketones (e.g. acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methylbutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and diethyl ketone); C2-C8 esters, formed from a carboxylic acid, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid or butyric acid, and an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or propanol; and C1-C3 chlorinated hydrocarbons (for example dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethylene-trans and 1,2-dichloroethylene-cis).

Les cétones et les esters sont des co-solvants préférés. Les esters sont les co-solvants les plus préférés. Parmi les cétones, l'acétone est particulièrement préférée. Parmi les esters, l'acétate d'éthyle, l'acétate de méthyle, le formiate d'éthyle et le formiate de méthyle sont préférés. L'acétate d'éthyle est tout particulièrement préféré.Ketones and esters are preferred co-solvents. Esters are the most preferred co-solvents. Among the ketones, acetone is particularly preferred. Among the esters, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, ethyl formate and methyl formate are preferred. Ethyl acetate is most particularly preferred.

La teneur en hydrofluorocarbure en C3-C6 dans l'agent fixateur est avantageusement au moins égale à 50 %, de préférence au moins égale à 60 %, du poids total de la composition d'agent fixateur. L'agent fixateur peut être constitué uniquement de l'hydrofluorocarbure en C3-C6. De préférence, la teneur en hydrofluorocarbure en C3-C6 n'excède pas 98 %, de manière particulièrement préférée 96 % et de manière tout particulièrement préférée 90 % du poids total de la composition d'agent fixateur.The C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon content in the fixing agent is advantageously at least equal to 50%, preferably at least equal to 60%, of the total weight of the composition of fixing agent. The fixing agent can consist solely of the C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon. Preferably, the C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon content does not exceed 98%, particularly preferably 96% and very particularly preferably 90% of the total weight of the composition of fixing agent.

La teneur en co-solvant dans l'agent fixateur mis en oeuvre dans le procédé selon l'invention est avantageusement au moins égale à 2 %, de préférence au moins égale à 4 %, et de manière particulièrement préférée au moins égale à 10 %, du poids total de la composition d'agent fixateur. La teneur en co-solvant n'excède pas généralement 40 %, de préférence 30 % et de manière particulièrement préférée 20 %, du poids total de la composition d'agent fixateur.The co-solvent content in the fixing agent used in the process according to the invention is advantageously at least equal to 2%, preferably at least equal to 4%, and in a particularly preferred manner at least equal to 10% , of the total weight of the fixing agent composition. The co-solvent content does not generally exceed 40%, preferably 30% and particularly preferably 20%, of the total weight of the composition of fixing agent.

L'agent fixateur mis en oeuvre dans le procédé selon l'invention peut contenir, en plus de l'hydrofluorocarbure et du co-solvant, des additifs permettant d'améliorer les performances du procédé de fixage, en particulier des stabilisants, tels que des nitroalcanes (par exemple le nitrométhane ou le nitroéthane) et des époxydes (par exemple l'oxyde de propylène ou l'oxyde de butylène).The fixing agent used in the process according to the invention may contain, in addition to the hydrofluorocarbon and the co-solvent, additives making it possible to improve the performance of the fixing process, in particular stabilizers, such as nitroalkanes (e.g. nitromethane or nitroethane) and epoxides (e.g. propylene oxide or butylene oxide).

Dans le procédé selon l'invention, la mise en contact du support d'enregistrement sur lequel est déposé le toner avec l'agent fixateur chimique gazeux peut être réalisée dans tout dispositif entraînant le support d'enregistrement comportant le toner à fixer dans une chambre contenant des vapeurs de l'agent fixateur. De tels dispositifs sont décrits par exemple dans le brevet US-A-4311723 et dans la demande de brevet EP-A-605128. Classiquement, le support d'enregistrement comportant l'image formée par le toner traverse une chambre de fixage dont l'atmosphère est saturée en vapeurs de l'agent fixateur, à une température de 50 à 100 °C. L'agent fixateur mis en oeuvre provoque un fixage très rapide du toner au support d'enregistrement, ce qui permet une cadence d'impression ou de reproduction élevée. Typiquement, le support d'enregistrement comportant le toner à fixer est mis en contact avec l'agent fixateur pendant une durée de 0,5 à 3 secondes.In the method according to the invention, the contacting of the recording medium on which the toner is deposited with the gaseous chemical fixing agent can be carried out in any device driving the recording medium comprising the toner to be fixed in a chamber containing vapors of the fixing agent. Such devices are described for example in patent US-A-4,311,723 and in patent application EP-A-605,128. Conventionally, the recording medium comprising the image formed by the toner passes through a fixing chamber, the atmosphere of which is saturated with vapors of the fixing agent, at a temperature of 50 to 100 ° C. The fixing agent used causes the toner to be fixed very quickly to the recording medium, which allows a high printing or reproduction rate. Typically, the recording medium comprising the toner to be fixed is brought into contact with the fixing agent for a period of 0.5 to 3 seconds.

Les toners qui peuvent être fixés par le procédé selon l'invention sont constitués de particules finement divisées, s'écoulant librement, à base de résines thermoplastiques colorées ou pigmentées, par exemple par du noir de carbone, tels que décrits notamment dans Kirk-Othmer - Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4ème Ed., Vol.9, pages 270-271, dans le chapitre relatif à l'électrophotographie. Le procédé selon l'invention s'applique en particulier au fixage de toners en poudre constitués essentiellement d'une matrice polymérique, telle que par exemple une matrice à base de polystyrène ou de polyester, et d'un pigment. Le procédé selon l'invention dans lequel l'agent fixateur contient un co-solvant est particulièrement bien adapté au fixage de toners comportant une matrice polymérique à base de polyester.The toners which can be fixed by the process according to the invention consist of finely divided, freely flowing particles, based on colored or pigmented thermoplastic resins, for example with carbon black, as described in particular in Kirk-Othmer - Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Ed., Vol. 9, pages 270-271, in the chapter relating to electrophotography. The method according to the invention applies in particular to the fixing of powdered toners essentially consisting of a polymer matrix, such as for example a matrix based on polystyrene or polyester, and a pigment. The process according to the invention in which the fixing agent contains a co-solvent is particularly well suited for fixing toners comprising a polymer matrix based on polyester.

Le procédé selon l'invention permet de fixer un toner à de nombreux supports d'enregistrement, en particulier à du papier, à des feuilles transparentes en matière synthétique polymérique et à des tissus naturels ou synthétiques. L'agent fixateur mis en oeuvre dans le procédé selon l'invention n'altère généralement pas les supports d'enregistrement habituellement utilisés dans les procédés d'impression ou de reproduction mettant en oeuvre des toners en poudre.The method according to the invention makes it possible to fix a toner to numerous recording media, in particular to paper, to transparent sheets of polymeric synthetic material and to natural or synthetic fabrics. The fixing agent used in the process according to the invention does not generally alter the recording media usually used in the printing or reproduction processes using powdered toners.

L'invention concerne également les compositions contenant un hydrofluorocarbure en C3-C6 et un ester en C2-C8, correspondant aux agents fixateurs préférentiellement utilisés dans le procédé de fixage selon l'invention.The invention also relates to the compositions containing a C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon and a C2-C8 ester, corresponding to the fixing agents preferably used in the fixing process according to the invention.

Les exemples non limitatifs qui suivent sont donnés à titre illustratif.The following nonlimiting examples are given by way of illustration.

Exemple 1Example 1

Dans un ballon d'une capacité de 1 l, surmonté d'un condenseur, on a placé 3 ml d'un agent fixateur constitué de 80 % en poids de 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) et de 20 % en poids d'acétate d'éthyle, puis on a plongé le ballon dans un bain thermostatique maintenu à 95 °C, de manière à vaporiser totalement l'agent fixateur dans le ballon. On a ensuite introduit dans le ballon, pendant 2 secondes, une languette de papier sur laquelle on avait préalablement disposé du toner comportant une matrice polymérique à base de polyester (type A2.5 - S26312-F497 de Siemens-Nixdorf). Après ce traitement, le toner s'est révélé solidement fixé au papier.In a flask with a capacity of 1 l, surmounted by a condenser, 3 ml of a fixing agent consisting of 80% by weight of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) were placed. and 20% by weight of ethyl acetate, then the flask was immersed in a thermostatic bath maintained at 95 ° C, so as to completely vaporize the fixing agent in the flask. Then a paper strip was placed in the balloon for 2 seconds on which toner had previously been placed, comprising a polyester-based polymer matrix (type A2.5 - S26312-F497 from Siemens-Nixdorf). After this treatment, the toner was found to be firmly attached to the paper.

Exemples 2-8Examples 2-8

L'exemple 1 a été répété en remplaçant l'agent fixateur par d'autres. La nature des agents fixateurs utilisés et le degré de fixage obtenu sont rapportés au tableau I ci-après. Tableau I Exemple Agent fixateur (% poids) Degré de fixage* 2 HFC-365mfc / acétone (80/20) + + + 3 HFC-365mfc / éthanol (80/20) + + 4 HFC-365mfc / trans-1,2-dichloroéthylène (70/30) + 5 HFC-365mfc / acétate d'éthyle (90/10) + + + 6 HFC-365mfc / formiate de méthyle (80/20) + + + 7 HFC-365mfc / formiate d'éthyle (80/20) + + + 8 HFC-365mfc / acétate de méthyle (80/20) + + + * : + + + = excellent; + + = très bon; + = bon Example 1 was repeated, replacing the fixing agent with others. The nature of the fixing agents used and the degree of fixing obtained are reported in Table I below. Table I Example Fixing agent (% weight) Degree of fixing * 2 HFC-365mfc / acetone (80/20) + + + 3 HFC-365mfc / ethanol (80/20) + + 4 HFC-365mfc / trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (70/30) + 5 HFC-365mfc / ethyl acetate (90/10) + + + 6 HFC-365mfc / methyl formate (80/20) + + + 7 HFC-365mfc / ethyl formate (80/20) + + + 8 HFC-365mfc / methyl acetate (80/20) + + + *: + + + = excellent; + + = very good; + = good

Exemples 9-11Examples 9-11

Pour les agents fixateurs repris au tableau II, on a recherché l'existence d'un point éclair en creuset fermé (Pensky-Martens), selon la norme ASTM D93-90. Bien que des co-solvants tels que l'acétone ou l'acétate d'éthyle soient très inflammables, aucun des agents fixateurs testés ne possède de point éclair. Le HFC-365mfc a donc un effet inertant très marqué sur l'inflammabilité de ces co-solvants. Tableau II Exemple Agent fixateur (% poids) 9 HFC-365mfc / acétate d'éthyle (80/20) pas de point éclair entre -38 et 35 °C 10 HFC-365mfc / acétone (80/20) pas de point éclair entre -38 et 35 °C 11 HFC-365mfc / trans-1,2-dichloroéthylène (70/30) pas de point éclair entre -30 et 40 °C For the fixing agents listed in Table II, the existence of a flash point in a closed crucible (Pensky-Martens) was sought, according to standard ASTM D93-90. Although co-solvents such as acetone or ethyl acetate are highly flammable, none of the fixing agents tested has a flash point. HFC-365mfc therefore has a very marked inerting effect on the flammability of these co-solvents. Table II Example Fixing agent (% weight) 9 HFC-365mfc / ethyl acetate (80/20) no flash point between -38 and 35 ° C 10 HFC-365mfc / acetone (80/20) no flash point between -38 and 35 ° C 11 HFC-365mfc / trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (70/30) no flash point between -30 and 40 ° C

Claims (11)

Procédé de fixage d'un toner à un support d'enregistrement dans un appareil d'impression ou de reproduction de documents, par mise en contact du support d'enregistrement sur lequel est déposé le toner avec un agent fixateur chimique à l'état gazeux, caractérisé en ce que l'agent fixateur contient un hydrofluorocarbure en C3-C6.Method for fixing a toner to a recording medium in a document printing or reproducing apparatus, by bringing the recording medium on which the toner is deposited into contact with a gaseous chemical fixing agent , characterized in that the fixing agent contains a C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon. Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel l'hydrofluorocarbure est un hydrofluoroalcane de formule générale CaHbFc, dans laquelle a est un nombre entier de 3 à 5, b est un nombre entier de 1 à (a+2) et c est un nombre entier de a à (2a+1).Process according to Claim 1, in which the hydrofluorocarbon is a hydrofluoroalkane of general formula C a H b F c , in which a is an integer from 3 to 5, b is an integer from 1 to (a + 2) and c is an integer from a to (2a + 1). Procédé selon la revendication 2 dans lequel l'agent fixateur contient du 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane.The method of claim 2 wherein the fixing agent contains 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 dans lequel l'agent fixateur contient un co-solvant.A method according to any of claims 1 to 3 in which the fixing agent contains a co-solvent. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le co-solvant est un composé choisi parmi les alcools en C1-C3, les cétones en C3-C6, les esters en C2-C8 et les hydrocarbures chlorés en C1-C3.Process according to claim 4, in which the co-solvent is a compound chosen from C1-C3 alcohols, C3-C6 ketones, C2-C8 esters and C1-C3 chlorinated hydrocarbons. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le co-solvant est un composé choisi parmi l'acétone, l'acétate d'éthyle, l'acétate de méthyle, le formiate d'éthyle et le formiate de méthyle.The method of claim 5, wherein the co-solvent is a compound selected from acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, ethyl formate and methyl formate. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le co-solvant est l'acétate d'éthyle.The method of claim 6, wherein the co-solvent is ethyl acetate. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, dans lequel l'agent fixateur contient de 98 à 60 % en poids de l'hydrofluorocarbure en C3-C6 et de 2 à 40 % en poids du co-solvant.Process according to any one of Claims 4 to 7, in which the fixing agent contains from 98 to 60% by weight of the C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon and from 2 to 40% by weight of the co-solvent. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 8, dans lequel le toner comporte une matrice polymérique à base de polyester.The method according to any of claims 4 to 8, wherein the toner comprises a polyester-based polymer matrix. Compositions contenant un hydrofluorocarbure en C3-C6 et un ester en C2-C8, utilisables dans le procédé de fixage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 9.Compositions containing a C3-C6 hydrofluorocarbon and a C2-C8 ester, which can be used in the fixing process according to any one of the claims 4 to 9. Compositions selon la revendication 10, contenant un hydrofluoroalcane de formule générale CaHbFc, dans laquelle a est un nombre entier de 3 à 5, b est un nombre entier de 1 à (a+2) et c est un nombre entier de a à (2a+1) et un ester choisi parmi l'acétate d'éthyle, l'acétate de méthyle, le formiate d'éthyle et le formiate de méthyle.Compositions according to claim 10, containing a hydrofluoroalkane of general formula C a H b F c , in which a is an integer from 3 to 5, b is an integer from 1 to (a + 2) and c is an integer from a to (2a + 1) and an ester chosen from ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, ethyl formate and methyl formate.
EP96203702A 1996-01-15 1996-12-24 Fixing of toner by gaseous hydrofluorocarbon compositions and said compositions Expired - Lifetime EP0784238B1 (en)

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ES2279518T3 (en) 2007-08-16
EP1760535A2 (en) 2007-03-07
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US5714298A (en) 1998-02-03
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